Habenaria Iyoensis (Orchidaceae), a New Record for Thailand and Nepal

THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 45(2): 108–112. 2017. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2017.45.2.05

Habenaria iyoensis (Orchidaceae), a new record for Thailand and Nepal

HUBERT KURZWEIL1*, BHAKTA BAHADUR RASKOTI2, SANTI WATTHANA3 & THITIPORN PINGYOT4

ABSTRACT Habenaria iyoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi ex Chin S.Chang, H.Kim & K.S.Chang is newly recorded from Thailand and Nepal. A description and illustrations are provided.

KEYWORDS: Habenaria iyoensis, Thailand, Nepal, new distribution record. Published online: 27 November 2017

INTRODUCTION In Thailand, Habenaria is represented by 48 species, which are mainly found in savanna or forested A specimen of Habenaria Willd. was collected habitats (Kurzweil, 2011, 2017; Makerd et al., 2013). in central Nepal in September 2013 that did not match Several studies on the taxonomy of this genus in any species currently known from this country. Thailand have been undertaken (Seidenfaden, 1977; Collections of a very similar plant were later made in Kurzweil, 2009, 2011, 2017), but occasionally new two separate localities in northern Thailand, and these species or new distribution records are still found in could also not be referred to any species previously this country. There are currently 21 species of found in Thailand. After examining literature and Habenaria known from Nepal (Kolanowska et al., herbarium specimens of surrounding countries, the 2016; Rokaya et al., 2013). three plants could be identified asH. iyoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi ex Chin S.Chang, H.Kim & K.S.Chang from Taiwan, southern Japan and southern Korea, based on TAXONOMIC TREATMENT morphological characters of habit, inflorescences and Habenaria iyoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi ex Chin S.Chang, flowers. We report on this new distribution record H.Kim & K.S.Chang, Provis. Checkl. Vasc. Pl. below. Korea Pen. Fl.: 144. 2014; Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 12: Habenaria is the largest genus of the primarily 382. 1936, fig. 3,nom. inval.; Ohwi, Fl. Japan: 329. terrestrial orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, comprising 1965, nom. inval.; Maekawa, Wild Orch. Japan about 870 species which are distributed in the sub- Colour: 100, fig. 24, pl. 13. 1971,nom. inval.; Su tropical and tropical parts of the world (Pridgeon et al., in Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, vol. 5: 915. 2000, nom. inval.; 2001; Govaerts et al., 2017). Areas of particularly Chen & Cribb in Fl. China, vol. 25: 158. 2009, nom. high species richness are sub-saharan Africa and inval.; Chen et. al., Fl. China Illustr., vol. 25: fig. Brazil, but the genus is also well represented in 210.1−5. 2010, nom. inval.— Peristylus iyoensis tropical Asia with nearly 200 species (Govaerts et al., Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 382, fig. 3. 1936; Nakajima, 2017). Habenaria is characterized by mostly having Illustr. Japanese Orch.: figs. on p. 85. 2012. Type: greenish, whitish or yellowish flowers usually with Japan, Shikoku, Tachikawa in Iyo Province, a 3-lobed, spurred lip and a column with short or Yamashita s.n. (holotype KYO). Fig. 1. long freely projecting stigma lobes.

1 Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Rd., Singapore 259569. 2 Pokharathok-9, Arghakhanchi, Nepal. 3 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. 4 Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand. * Corresponding author: [email protected]

— Habenaria minor Fukuy. ex Masam., J. Geobot. lobes to 0.5 × 0.5 mm, acute, 12−13 × 0.8−1.2 mm, 21(3): 9, pl. 51. 1974, nom. inval. Specimen: Taiwan, semi-terete, longer than the mid-lobe, curved upwards Pingtung, Daizyurin, 23 Oct. 1934, Segawa s.n. distally; mid-lobe descendent, linear, terete, obtuse, (KPM!, photo G00436 in ‘Plants of Taiwan’) (fide 6.5−8 × 1−1.3 mm; spur descendent and bent forwards, Lin et al., 2016). cylindric, obtuse, to 31 mm long and 1.3 mm thick, — Habenaria rupestris T.P.Lin & T.W.Hu, Quart. longer than and close to the ovary. Column 3−3.8 mm J. Chin. Forest. 9(1): 52, pl. 1. 1976, nom. illeg., non long, anther loculi erect, parallel, to 2.5 mm long, Poepp. & Endl. 1836; Lin, Native Orch. Taiwan, ed. narrow basal thecae extensions to 2 mm long, 1, vol. 2: 204−205, fig. not numbered. 1977. connective short and rather broad, central rostellum lobe wide and half as long as anther loculi, stigma — Habenaria taiwaniana T.P.Lin, Man. Taiwan stalks short, rather thick, ca 1.8 × 0.8 mm. Ovary Vasc. Pl. 5: 258. 2001, nom. superfl. Type: Taiwan, indistinguishable from pedicel, 13−15 mm long and Pingtung, Peitawushan, 700 m, 30 Aug. 1973, Lin 67 1.5−2 mm in diameter, curved, with insignificant (TAIF 105688) (fide Linet al., 2016). narrow neck [based on the Nepalese and Thai Slender terrestrial herb, 10.5−33 cm tall, specimens]. glabrous. Tubers undivided, to 3 × 0.8 cm. Cataphylls Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, 2014 2−3, elliptic-lanceolate, apex subacute to shortly (?), Pingyot 19 (QBG, QBG [spirit]); Tak, Umphang, acuminate and recurved, tubular, sheathing, to 2.5 cm Doi Hua Mot, ca 1000 m, 30 Aug. 2014, Watthana long, sometimes partly withered during flowering. 4211 (QBG, QBG [spirit]). Leaves 4−6 in a basal cluster, spreading, sessile, Nepal.— EASTERN: Ilam, Kolbung, Aug. 2013, lanceolate, subacute or acute and occasionally 1700 m, Raskoti 001399 (KATH). mucronate, 8−14 × 1.2−2.4 cm, margins entire but papillose, veins not prominent. Inflorescence: peduncle Distribution.― Habenaria iyoensis (Ohwi) cylindric, slender, 1−3 mm in diameter; sterile bracts Ohwi ex Chin S.Chang, H.Kim & K.S.Chang is 2−4, broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate, 1.4−2.5 × known from Taiwan, southern Japan and South 0.5−0.8 cm, not sheathing, subfoliaceous or foliaceous, Korea (Ohwi, 1965: 329; Su, 2000: 915; Chen & margins entire but papillose; rachis (2.5−)9−14 cm Cribb, 2009: 158; Govaerts et al., 2017); it is here long, with 3 to 20 laxly arranged flowers; lower floral newly recorded from Thailand and Nepal which is bracts ovate-lanceolate, tapering from a broad base, a considerable range extension. A distribution area acute to long-acuminate, 10−13 × up to 5 mm, encompassing Nepal, south-east Asia and Taiwan is shorter than the ovary, margins entire and papillose not unknown in the orchid family. Examples of like leaves but papillae more densely arranged. orchid species with this kind of distribution include Flowers resupinate, ca 17 mm across, light yellowish- Bulbophyllum affine Wall. ex Lindl., Calanthe green. Median sepal erect, ovate-elliptic, naviculate, tricarinata Lindl., Cremastra appendiculata obtuse or shallowly retuse, 6−7.2 × 4.5−5 mm, (D.Don) Makino, Cymbidium lancifolium Hook., C. 2−3-veined, margins entire and sometimes pale, macrorhizon Lindl., Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) margins shortly and irregularly papillose towards Benth. ex C.B.Clarke, Habenaria dentata (Sw.) the apex; lateral sepals spreading, descending, elliptic Schltr., Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk, to lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse, 6.5−7.1 × Liparis bootanensis Griff., L. nervosa (Thunb.) 2.6−3.2 mm, 3-veined, margins entire and decurved Lindl. and Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl.; most of these distally, sometimes pale. Petals connivent with the are terrestrial species. It is apparent that in a distribution median sepal and forming a hood together with it, area ranging from the Himalayas eastwards, Taiwan lorate with pronounced semi-ovate basal posterior is often at the end point (P. Ormerod, pers. comm.). lobe and smaller basal anterior lobe, obtuse, 6.2−7 × The disjunct distribution of H. iyoensis is particularly 1.2−1.7 mm, 2-veined or veins not significant.Lip interesting. However, the plants of this species are 3-lobed from the base, spurred, with an obscure not very conspicuous, and may simply have been collar in front of the spur mouth; side lobes borne at overlooked in other regions. It is also possible that right angles to the midlobe, transversely divaricate, plants were misidentified, or mistaken for different linear and attenuate with obscure basal posterior species and therefore not collected. 110 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 45 NO. 2

Etymology.― The species is named after the subtropical broadleaf forest. In other parts of the type locality in Iyo Province, a former province of distribution area the plants grow terrestrially on rocky Japan in an area which is today Ehime Prefecture slopes and roadsides in open forest below 700 m on the island of Shikoku. (Su, 2000: 916; Lin, 1977: 700 [as Habenaria Ecology.― In Thailand the plants were found rupestria(sic)]). growing terrestrially in open forest on limestone Phenology.― Our plants from Thailand and hills. The Nepalese plant was growing at an elevation Nepal were flowering at the height of the rainy of 1700 m as a low-level epiphyte on tree trunks in season in late August. Plants in Taiwan flower in

Figure 1. Habenaria iyoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi ex Chin S.Chang, H.Kim & K.S.Chang: A. Plant habit, from Raskoti 001399 (Nepal); B. Flowers, from Raskoti 001399; C. Plant habit, from Pingyot 19 (Thailand); D. Flower, from Pingyot 19; E. Flowers, from Watthana 4211 (Thailand). HABENARIA IYOENSIS (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR THAILAND AND NEPAL (H. KURZWEIL, B. BAHADUR RASKOTI, S. WATTHANA & T. PINGYOT) 111

September and October (Chen & Cribb, 2009: 158; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Su, 2000: 916; Lin, 1977: 204). We express our sincere thanks to Paul Ormerod Conservation.― No information regarding the for much advice and for his help with obtaining conservation status of the species using IUCN literature. Dr Prachaya Srisanga (Herbarium of criteria is available as yet (IUCN, 2017). At the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand) single known locality in Nepal, 15 plants were found is thanked for assistance during a recent herbarium on the trunks of three trees. Very few plants were study trip by the first author. Santi Watthana would observed at the two localities in Thailand. In Japan also like to acknowledge Queen Sirikit Botanic the species was referred to as ‘very rare’ (Ohwi, Garden for support. 1965: 329). The species is very widespread, but is currently REFERENCES only known from widely scattered localities in the Chen, X. & Cribb, P.J. (2009). Habenaria. In: Z. Wu, Himalayas, and in south-eastern and north-eastern P.H. Raven & D. Hong (eds), Flora of China, Asia. Based on our assumption that its distribution vol. 25: 144‒160. Science Press, Beijing; and area may be incompletely known we interpret its Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. conservation status currently as ‘data deficient’. However, threat level is probably not high. The Chen, S.-C., Liu, Z.J., Zhu, G.H., Lang, K.-Y., Tsi, flowers are not very attractive and rather small, and Z.-H., Luo, Y.B., Jin, X.H., Cribb, P.J., Wood, J.J., Gale, S.W., Ormerod, P., Vermeulen, J.J., plants are therefore not likely to become the target Wood, H.P., Clayton, D. & Bell, A. (2010). of collectors. Orchidaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, Notes.― From our examination of several D.Y. (eds). Flora of China, vol. 25, illustrations. descriptions (Ohwi, 1936: 382, 1965: 329; Su, 2000: Science Press, Beijing; and Missouri Botanical 915; Lin, 1977: 204; Chen & Cribb, 2009: 158), Garden Press, St. Louis, 666 pp. illustrations (Ohwi, 1936: fig. 3; Lin, 1977: 205; Govaerts, R., Bernet, P., Kratochvil, K., Gerlach, G., Chen et al., 2010: 210; Nakajima, 2012: 85) and Carr, G., Alrich, P., Pridgeon, A.M., Pfahl, J., digital copies of herbarium specimens at KPM and Campacci, M.A., Holland Baptista, D., Tigges, TAI, it is apparent that the morphological variation H., Shaw, J., Cribb, P., George, A., Kreutz, K. is extensive in this species. Variation is observed & Wood, J.J. (2017). World Checklist of mainly in the leaf size; the number, size and orientation Orchidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic of the sterile bracts on the peduncle; the length of Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http:// the rachis relative to the length of the peduncle; the apps.kew.org/wcsp/. Last retrieved 5 May 2017. number of flowers in the inflorescence; as well as IUCN (2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened the size of the flowers. Species. Version 2017-1. Published on the internet, In the gynostemium, all three specimens have http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 23 prominent lobes situated below the stigma stalks May 2017. which are extensions of the basal portion of the Kolanowska, M. (2016). A new species of Habenaria auricles. The pronounced nature of these structures (Orchidaceae) from Nepal. Phytotaxa 261: appears unusual in the genus Habenaria, but its 92–96. distribution in the genus and extent of formation has Kurzweil, H. (2009). The genus Habenaria not been assessed yet. These lobes of the gynostemium (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin of H. iyoensis have also been illustrated in Japanese (Botany), Special Issue: 7–105. and Taiwanese specimens by Maekawa (1971: fig. 24C) and Lin (1977: 205, figs. 15, 19 & 46) [as . (2011). Habenaria. In: T. Santisuk & H. rupestria(sic)]. Morphologically, these lobes are K. Larsen (eds), Flora of Thailand 12(1): 79–149. reminiscent of structures labelled “b?” in some The Forest Herbarium, Bangkok. African Habenaria species where they have been . (2017). ‘Habenaria limprichtii’ (Orchidaceae) interpreted as staminodial structures (Kurzweil & in Thailand, encompassing two distinct species. Weber, 1992: 51). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 45(1): 18–24. 112 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 45 NO. 2

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