P. 1 PC14 Doc. 9.3 CONVENTION on INTERNATIONAL TRADE in ENDANGERED SPECIES of WILD FAUNA and FLORA

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PC14 Doc. 9.3

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA

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Fourteenth meeting of the Plants Committee Windhoek (Namibia), 16-20 February 2004

Significant trade in plants

SELECTION OF NEW SPECIES

1. The Annex to this document has been prepared by UNEP-WCMC.

2. In accordance with paragraphs b) and c) of the section Selection of species to be reviewed in Resolution Conf. 12.8 on Review of Significant Trade in specimens of Appendix-II species, the Plants Committee should select for its review species of priority concern. The selection should be based on recorded trade levels and information available to the Plants Committee, the Secretariat, Parties or other relevant experts.

3. The Secretariat has required UNEP-WCMC to provide a summary of trade data in Appendix-II plant species over the five most recent years, and guidance on the selection of species for review.

4. The Plants Committee is requested to consider the document Review of Significant Trade – Analysis of Trade Trends with notes on the conservation status of selected species – Volume 1. Plants, by UNEP-WCMC (see the Annex to this document, English only) and to recommend a shortlist of species for its Review of Significant Trade.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 1

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 2 PC14 Doc. 9.3 Annex (English only/Únicamente en inglés/Seulement en anglais)

REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE

ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES

Volume 1. Plants

Prepared for the

CITES Plants Committee, CITES Secretariat

by the

United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre

DECEMBER 2003

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK

UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org

The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP- WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action.

UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world.

Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva

A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme

Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK

The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the CITES Secretariat or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 4 Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 6

Methodology ...... 7

Section 1: Species identified as possible candidates for review of significant trade ...... 10

1. Galanthus woronowii ...... 12 2. Podophyllum hexandrum...... 13 3. Carnegiea gigantea ...... 15 4. Cyathea contaminans ...... 16 5. Cyathea cunninghamii...... 18 6. Cyathea dealbata...... 20 7. Cyathea medullaris...... 21 8. Cyathea smithii ...... 22 9. Cibotium barometz ...... 23 10. Pterocarpus santalinus...... 25 11. Bletilla striata ...... 27 12. Dendrobium nobile...... 28 13. Cistanche deserticola ...... 29 14. Cyclamen coum...... 31 15. Cyclamen hederifolium...... 33 16. Nardostachys grandiflora...... 34

Section 2: Possible candidate country for country-level review of significant trade...... 36

Section 3: Gross exports trade table ...... (Attached as an Excel file)

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 5 INTRODUCTION

Resolution Conf. 12.8 Review of Significant Trade in specimens of Appendix II species directs the Animals and Plants Committees, in cooperation with the Secretariat and experts, and in consultation with range States, to review the biological, trade and other relevant information on Appendix II species subject to significant levels of trade, to identify problems and solutions concerning the implementation of Article IV, paragraphs 2 (a), 3 and 6 (a) of the Convention. As part of this procedure the Secretariat requested UNEP-WCMC to produce a summary from the CITES Trade database of annual report statistics showing the recorded net level of exports for Appendix II species over the five most recent years.

This report includes a summary from the CITES Trade database of annual report statistics for Appendix-II plant species over the eleven most recent years (1992-2002) for specimens recorded from wild sources1. Following a detailed examination of the data, UNEP-WCMC determined that the majority of re-export data for wild collected specimens did not add new information to the analysis of the species for review. Therefore, this report includes a summary from the CITES Trade database of annual report statistics showing the recorded gross level of exports2, but excludes data on re-exports for the majority of plant species3.

UNEP-WCMC has included additional species information sections in this report to supplement the usual tables of CITES trade statistics. The aim of including these new sections is to assist the CITES Plants Committee with the difficult task of species selection on the basis of significant trade. The report is structured as follows:

Section 1 highlights species as possible candidates for review by the Plants Committee (whether or not such species have been the subject of a previous review, although excluding those currently under review).

Section 2 highlights a possible country candidate for the country-level review of significant trade.

Section 3 (see separate Excel spreadsheet) includes tables of recorded level of exports for Appendix-II plant species over the eleven most recent years (1992-2002).

1 Included with wild collected specimens are those specimens recorded without a source but appeared likely, on examination, to be from wild sources based on knowledge of the species, its range states and likely exporters of wild specimens. 2 Gross exports = the total quantity (re-)exported of a given commodity. 3 With the exception of Galanthus spp. re-exports from Georgia – see explanation in methodology.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 6 METHODOLOGY

In addition to the summary from the CITES Trade database of annual report statistics, UNEP-WCMC has processed the trade data with the aim of assisting the CITES Plants Committee with the task of species selection for the Review of Significant Trade. Species were selected as possible candidates for review of significant trade according to the following steps:

1) A flowchart (see Figure 1) of yes/no answered questions was used to test information on gross level of exports, based on a number of statistical factors and conservation status. All those with final answers “consider for inclusion in current selection process” were included in a first round review;

2) Recorded trade levels of all species were individually examined, and those not selected by the flowchart but for which it was thought that trade was significant were also included in a first round review; and

3) Additional trade and conservation status information were considered for all species selected under steps 1) and 2), above, and a final list highlighted possible candidates for review.

Trade statistics were extracted from the UNEP-WCMC CITES trade database4 for Appendix II plant species where the reported source was wild-collected or where there was no reported source but on examination where the material was thought to be wild-collected based on acknowledge of the species and the country of export/origin. The number of individual trade records involved totalled over 70,000. Upon examination of these data, terms were combined for some species where this was thought appropriate. Parties often report timber in both kilograms and cubic metres. Therefore, prior to the creation of the gross export tables, export data reported in kilograms were converted to cubic metres where a conversion factor for the species was available using CITES Identification Manual conversion factors, see Table 1.

Table 1: Timber conversion factors

Species Mean specific weight.

Pericopsis elata 0.66 g/cm3 Guaiacum sanctum 1.23 g/cm3 Guaiacum officinale 1.23 g/cm3 Swietenia humilis 0.61 g/cm3 Swietenia mahogani 0.75 g/cm3 Prunus africana 0.74 g/cm3

Data taken from Clemente, M. 1999. Timber Identification. CITES Identification Manual Vol. 1 Flora. CITES Secretariat, Geneva.

The majority of re-export data were excluded from the data tables because on examination these data did not add any new information to the analysis of species but only showed data already reported as exports. However, re-export data of Galanthus species with origin Georgia were included, as there were shipments not originally reported as exports by Georgia that had then been re-exported with the reported origin Georgia.

The selection of species highlighted as possible candidates for review by the Plants Committee was initially derived using statistical analysis and a flowchart with ‘yes’ and ‘no’ questions to answer (see Figure 1). This first step statistical review of data and flowchart was based on the following criteria: a measure of the slope and of spread of trade data over ten years (1992-2001) was produced; then, if the species is listed in the 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species5, the global threat status was taken into consideration. Data for 2002 have been included in the full data tables (see Section 3 – Excel spreadsheet), but were excluded in the statistical analysis because, as of 10 December 2003, only 50% of Annual Reports to CITES for 2002 had been received by UNEP-WCMC and included in the CITES Trade database.

Statistics: Slope

A species that shows an increase in levels of trade over time can generally be assumed to be in greater need of attention than a species for which trade has been decreasing. However, there may be cases where a decline in trade could be the result of a decline of the species in the wild. Therefore we assessed those species for which there was a high positive slope

4 Maintained by UNEP-WCMC on behalf of the CITES Secretariat. 5 IUCN 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 7 and low negative slope. We used Excel’s ‘slope’ function, which returns the slope of the linear regression line through data points in known_ys and known_xs. The slope is the vertical distance divided by the horizontal distance between any two points on the line, which is the rate of change along the regression line. In this case the xs are ten consecutive years (1992- 2001) and the ys represent the level of trade, measured as the number of specimens traded globally (net) every year. Because the value for the slope depends partly on the absolute level of trade, we divided the slope by the mean (total level of trade over the ten year period divided by ten or less depending on the year listed on the CITES Appendices) to allow a proper comparison between species traded at different levels. In the rest of the text, any mention of ‘slope’ refers to the measure of slope divided by mean.

Statistics: Spread

It was decided that a species showing considerable variation in past levels of trade needs more attention than one showing constant trade levels. Many measures of spread exist but the most appropriate when comparing across groups with different means is the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is used to compare the amount of variation in populations with different means where direct comparisons of the standard deviations (a more common measure of spread) are difficult to make, as they are confounded by differences in scale. The CV is calculated as the standard deviation divided by the mean.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 8 Figure 1: Flow chart for selection of candidate species for consideration in the Significant Trade Review Process

Is the species currently under Do not include in

review through the significant Yes current selection trade process? process

Is there trade data for the Do not include in No species where the mean for current selection 1992-2002 > 250? process

Yes

Is slope of trade data equal to Consider for or greater than +0.15 Yes inclusion in current selection process

Is covariance of trade Is slope of trade data lower Is slope of trade in than +0.15 and greater than – No artificially propagated data greater than 2.5? Yes 0.15 specimens positive?

Yes No Yes No

Consider for Is species listed in the 2003 IUCN Red Do not include in Consider for inclusion in current List of Threatened Species as current selection inclusion in current selection process endangered, critically endangered or process selection process vulnerable?

Yes No

Consider for Do not include in inclusion in current current selection selection process process

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 9 SECTION 1: SPECIES IDENTIFIED AS POSSIBLE CANDIDATES FOR REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE

Following the first step statistical analysis and flow chart method of species selection on the basis of trade and threat status, an initial list of 48 species was selected as possible candidates for review of significant trade. CITES trade data for each of these species were reviewed, together with known conservation status and management of the species. Table 2 lists the 48 species and the decision for their inclusion or exclusion as possible candidates for review.

Table 2: Species identified for inclusion following flow chart process

SPECIES INCLUDED /EXCLUDED COMMENT Galanthus woronowii INCLUDED See species sheet below Podophyllum hexandrum INCLUDED See species sheet below Carnegiea gigantea INCLUDED See species sheet below Echinopsis chiloensis EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in rainsticks that are mostly harvested from already dead material Echinopsis cuzcoensis EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in rainsticks that are mostly harvested from already dead material Echinopsis pachanoi EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in rainsticks that are mostly harvested from already dead material Echinopsis peruviana EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in rainsticks that are mostly harvested from already dead material Eulychnia acida EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in rainsticks that are mostly harvested from already dead material Opuntia bigelovii EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in already dead material Opuntia fulgida EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in already dead material Opuntia imbricata EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in already dead material Opuntia subulata EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in already dead material Stenocereus thurberi EXCLUDED The majority of the trade is in already dead material Cyathea contaminans INCLUDED See species sheet below Cyathea cunninghamii INCLUDED See species sheet below Cyathea dealbata INCLUDED See species sheet below Cyathea medullaris INCLUDED See species sheet below Cyathea smithii INCLUDED See species sheet below Cibotium barometz INCLUDED See species sheet below Dicksonia sellowiana EXCLUDED Euphorbia antisyphilitica EXCLUDED Euphorbia gottlebei EXCLUDED Euphorbia hedyotoides EXCLUDED Pterocarpus santalinus INCLUDED See species sheet below Aloe ferox EXCLUDED It was decided that South Africa has adequate species monitoring and management Nepenthes mirabilis EXCLUDED Ascocentrum INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 christensonianum Bletilla striata INCLUDED See species sheet below Christensonia vietnamica INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Cymbidium ensifolium EXCLUDED Cymbidium goeringii EXCLUDED Cypripedium parviflorum EXCLUDED Dendrobium aduncum INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Dendrobium amabile INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Dendrobium herbaceum INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Dendrobium moniliforme INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Dendrobium nobile INCLUDED for Viet Nam See Section 2 Gastrodia elata EXCLUDED

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 10 SPECIES INCLUDED /EXCLUDED COMMENT Habenaria acuifera EXCLUDED Ludisia discolor EXCLUDED Vanilla aphylla EXCLUDED Cyclamen coum INCLUDED See species sheet below Hydrastis canadensis EXCLUDED Bowenia serrulata EXCLUDED Taxus wallichiana EXCLUDED Nardostachys grandiflora INCLUDED See species sheet below Guaiacum officinale EXCLUDED Majority of trade is from Mexico where a species management programme is being implemented. Guaiacum sanctum EXCLUDED Majority of trade is from Mexico where a species management programme is being implemented.

Although not highlighted after use of the flowchart decision-making process, six additional species listed in Table 3 were also selected for consideration after review of trade data or because they had been recently listed in Appendix II. They were then included or excluded on the basis of trade data and/or conservation and species management information.

Table 3: Additional species identified for consideration

SPECIES INCLUDED COMMENT /EXCLUDED Galanthus elwesii EXCLUDED Data were reviewed for this species but Turkey, the only range State exporter, appears to have good management controls in place for this species Panax quinquefolius EXCLUDED Data were reviewed for this species but the United States and Canada, major exporters in recent years, appear to have good management controls in place for this species Cistanche deserticola INCLUDED See species sheet below Cyclamen cilicium EXCLUDED Data were reviewed for this species but Turkey, the only range State exporter, appears to have good management controls in place for this species Cyclamen hederifolium INCLUDED See species sheet below Picrorhiza kurrooa EXCLUDED The only reported exporter, China, is not a range State for this species, and it is likely that the reported trade refers to the closely related P. scrophulariiflora, which is not covered by the CITES listing (Mulliken, 2000)

The following pages provide accounts for the 16 species selected for possible review of significant trade.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 11 1. Galanthus woronowii

FAMILY AMARYLLIDACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. in Kom.

SYNONYMS Galanthus ikariae auct. non Baker, pro parte Galanthus ikariae ssp. latifolius Stern pro parte Galanthus latifolius auct. non Rupr.

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Georgia: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). It occurs in forests, shrubwoods and lower mountain belt in Georgia (Anon., 2003). It is Vulnerable in Georgia (Anon., 2003). Discussions were held during the 11th Meeting of the Plants Committee on plant production techniques, particularly those in Georgia. The minutes of the meeting state "The authorities of Georgia and the Secretariat to look for a solution regarding source code to be included in export permits for Galanthus woronowii. It agreed that the bulbs currently harvested from agricultural fields are to be regarded as being of wild origin" (CITES Secretariat, 2002). Netherlands: Reported as "rare, an occasional escape" (Davis et al., 1999). Russian Federation: Occurrence reported in Black Sea Coast Area (Davis et al., 1999) and listed as Rare (Golvanov et al., 1988). Turkey: Occurrence reported in the north-east (Davis, 1984; Davis et al., 1999). United Kingdom: Reported as "rare, an occasional escape" (Davis et al., 1999).

It is of economic importance as an ornamental plant (GRIN, 2003).

REFERENCES

Anon. (2003). Rare, Endangered and Vulnerable Plants of the Republic of Georgia. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/georgia/afamily.shtml#Amaryllidaceae Downloaded on 14/11/2003. CITES Secretariat. 2002. Proceedings Eleventh Meeting of the Plants Committee, Langkawi, Malaysia 2001. http://www.cites.org/eng/cttee/plants/11/E-Minutes_PC11.pdf Davis, A. P., McGough, H. N., Mathew, B. and Grey-Wilson, C. (1999). CITES Bulb Checklist. For the genera: Cyclamen, Galanthus and Sternbergia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Davis, P. H. (ed.) (1984) Flora of Turkey. Vol. 8. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Golovanov, V. D. et al. (eds.) (1988). Red Data Book of RSFSR, plants. Komarov, Moscow: Academy of Sciences of USSR, Botanical Institut of V. L. Rosagropromizdat. 591 pp. Col. illus., maps. GRIN (2003). The Germplasm Resources Information Network. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?galanthus+woronowii Downloaded on 18/12/2003

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Data reported as Galanthus ikariae have been included with Galanthus woronowii as the former is now a recognised synonym of Galanthus woronowii.

Net Exports of live/bulbs of Galanthus woronowii

Exporter 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 10000000 10000000 0 5000042 150 12000285 Russian 0 0 515000 4000010000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fed. Turkey 2277775 1894500 1990000 292400 615600 999908 2000000 11749915 15000000 3005950 2000000

QUOTAS

Export quotas of Galanthus woronowii as issued by Georgia and Turkey

Exporter 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Georgia 10000000 10000000 15000000 15000000 18000000 Turkey 2000000 2000000 2000000 2000000 2000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 12 2. Podophyllum hexandrum

FAMILY BERBERIDACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

COMMON NAME(S) Himalayan may-apple

SYNONYMS Podophyllum emodi Honigberger Podophyllum emodi var. axillare Chatterjee & Mukherjee Podophyllum emodi var. bhootanense Chatterjee & Mukherjee Sinopodophyllum emodi (Honigberger) Ying Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Occurs in forests and on open slopes from 2400-4500 m (Polunin and Stainton, 1984). This species has been considered a rare and threatened species, and removal rates exceed natural regeneration rates (Nadeem et al., 2000).

Afghanistan: Occurrence reported (Polunin and Stainton, 1984). Bhutan: Reported as a totally protected species, of Indeterminate status (Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan (1993). Recorded from Ha, Thimphu and Bumthang districts in Central Bhutan, and in Upper Mo Chu district in Northern Bhutan (Grierson and Long, 1984). China: Occurrence reported (Polunin and Stainton, 1984). India: Occurrence reported in Uttaranchal (Rao, 1998), and more particularly in Kumaon (Airi et al., 2000), and Garhwal (Bhadula et al., 2000). Reported in Himachal Pradesh, where it is found sporadically in Rohru, Kullu, Kangra, Chamba, Nichar and Lahaul & Spiti forest divisions (Chauhan, 1999). It is distributed in restricted pockets of the Himalayas ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 m (Bhadula et al., 2000). The population of these plants throughout its range was observed to be very sparse, in decline, and receding towards higher elevations (Rao, 1998). It is variously considered as endangered (Bhadula et al., 2000) or critically endangered (CAMP, 1998). It has declined considerably as a result of exploitation to meet the increasing demand of the pharmaceutical industry (Bhadula et al., 2000). Export of this species from India has been prohibited, although illegal removal continues (Nadeem et al., 2000). Nepal: Recorded from the upper Langtang valley at 4120 m (Malla et al., 1976). Pakistan: Occurrence reported in north Pakistan (Ebel, 1998). It is vulnerable due to over-exploitation in Pakistan (Matin et al., 2001).

"Several plants are of high conservation value, e.g. ….Podophyllum hexandrum ….for their valuable alkaloids and variable medicinal properties" (Anon., 1997). “Quite an important medicinal plant, the rhizome cotaining podophyllin. Recently investigated as a possible drug used in treatment of cancer” (Polunin and Stainton, 1984).

REFERENCES

Airi, S. Rawal, R. S., Dhar, U. and Puroit, A. N. (2000). Population studies on Podophyllum hexandrum Royle – a dwindling, medicinal plant of the Himalaya. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pgrnewsletter/10popu.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. Anon. (1997). Biodiversity action plan for Bhutan. National biodiversity strategy and action plan. 188pp. http://www.biodiv.org/doc/world/bt/bt-nbsap-01-en.pdf Bhadula, S. K., Singh, A., Lata, H., Kuniyal, C. P. and Purohit, A. N. (2000). Genetic resources of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, an endangered medicinal species from Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pgrnewsletter/06podo.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. CAMP (1998). Selected Medicinal Plants of Northern, Northeastern & Central India. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. Hosted by Forest Department of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 21-25 January, 1998. http://www.cbsg.org/reports/exec_sum/indian_med_plants_north_camp.pdf Downloaded 22/12/2003. Chauhan, N. S. (1999) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. Ebel, F. (1998). Die Schildblättrigkeit krautiger Angiospermen-Sippen in ihrer Beziehung zu Standort und Verbreitung [The leaf peltation in the herbaceous taxa of Angiosperms in its relation to natural habitat and distribution.] Ergänzung zu dem in der Flora (1998) 193, 203-224. http://www.biologie.uni-halle.de/Botany/schild.html Downloaded 22/12/2003. Grierson, A. J. C. and Long, D. G. (1984) Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants for Sikkim. Vol. 1 Part 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Malla, S. B., Shrestha, A. B., Rajshandari, S. B., Shrestha, T. B., Adhikari, P. M. and Adhikari, S. R. (1976) Flora of Langtang and cross section vegetation survey (Central Zone). Bull. Dept. Med. Plants Nepal 6: 273 pp.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 13 Matin, A., Khan, M. A., Ashraf, M. and Qureshi, R. A. (2001). Traditional Use of Herbs, Shrubs and Trees of Shogran Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4 (9): 1101-1107. Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan (1993). Schedule 2: list of totally protected plant species. J. Roy. Soc. Arts. Nadeem, M., Palni, L.M.S., Purohit, A.N., Pandey, H., Nandi, S.K. (2000). Propagation and conservation of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle: an important medicinal herb. Biological Conservation, 92 (1): 121-129. Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Rao, R. R. (1998). Assessment of biodiversity and infraspecific variation among two reputed medicinal plant genera Aconitum L. (Ranuculaceae) and Podophyllum L. (Podophyllaceae) in the Himalaya. ENVIS Bulletin 6 (2): 16-19. http://www.geocities.com/himenvis/vol62/Summary-vol62.html Downloaded 22/12/2003. Shrestha, T. B. and Joshi, R. M. (1996) Rare, endemic and endangered plants of Nepal. WWF Nepal Program.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Podophyllum hexandrum from China

Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Derivatives (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 Roots (kg) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 16000 0 0 Seeds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 14 3. Carnegiea gigantean

FAMILY CACTACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Carnegiea gigantea (Engelmann) Britton & Rose

COMMON NAME(S) Saguaro

SYNONYM Cereus giganteus Engelmann

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

At a global level, the species is considered to be demonstrably widespread, abundant and secure (Global Heritage Status Rank G5 (Secure) (21Mar1996)) (NatureServe, 2003).

Mexico: Occurrence reported (Hunt, 1999; Oldfield, 1997). "The saguaro is a common plant in the Sonoran Desert, not an endangered species" (National Parks Service, 2003). USA: Occurrence reported (Hunt, 1999; Oldfield, 1997; USDA & NRCS, 2002). In the USA, it is found in Arizona and California; it is critically imperilled in California (NatureServe, 2003). "Despite laws regulating their collection, specimens of C. gigantea continue to be illegally removed from habitat to be sold in the commercial landscaping trade….Throughout the south-western USA Native Americans and gigantea collect the fruits of ….C. gigantea…for food" (Oldfield, 1997).

Harvested for ornamental value since the early twentieth century (Steenburgh and Lowe, 1977). The biggest threat to the saguaro is rapidly expanding human population and loss of saguaro habitat in the Tucson area. The saguaro is also threatened by invasive species, fire, frost and drought (National Parks Service, 2003).

REFERENCES

Hunt, D. R. (comp.) (1999). CITES Cactaceae checklist. Second Edition. Compiled with assistance of members of the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and International Organisation for Succulent Plant Study. 315pp. National Parks Service. (2003). Saguaro information sheet. http://www.nps.gov/sagu/guides/saguarocactus.pdf NatureServe. (2003). NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer Downloaded 14/11/2003. Oldfield, S. (comp.) (1997). Cactus and succulent plants - Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK 212pp. Steenburgh, W. F. and Lowe, C. H. (1977). Ecology of the Saguaro: II. National Park Service Monograph Series Number 8. 242pp. USDA and NRCS (2002). The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov) National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Carnegiea igantean

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 USA live 140 45 136 69 44 0 41 0 10 0 0 Mexico timber 0 0 64000 101651 0 115405 60080 52300 30000 120000 135500 Mexico timber m3 0 33 0 190.136 48 40.48 2 73.6 73.6 0 98.14 Mexico timber kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 3500 0 0 0 19560 USA timber 9 12 0 0 0 50 14 0 0 0 0 Mexico timber pieces 0 0 64000 101651 0 170040 30000 0 0 0 0 Mexico timber pieces kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 16500 0 0 0 0 USA timber pieces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 10 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 15 4. Cyathea contaminans

FAMILY CYATHEACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyathea contaminans (Wallich ex Hook.) Copel. 1909

SYNONYMS Alsophila acuta C. Presl, 1848; Alsophila brunoniana Bed., 1866; Alsophila clementis Copel., 1906; Alsophila contaminans Wallich ex Hook. 1844, Alsophila dealbata C. Presl, 1848; Alsophila glauca (Blume) J. Sm. 1841; Alsophila glaucescens Wall., 1829; Alsophila mertensii Trevis., 1851; Alsophila smithiana C. Presl, 1848; Alsophila smithii Trevis., 1851; Alsophila wallichiana C. Presl, 1836; Chnoophora glauca Blume, 1828; Sphaeropteris glauca (Blume) R. Tryon, 1970

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

This is a very widespread tree fern that commonly grows as a coloniser in the tropics. Plants are fast growing and always occur in a sunny situation. It was previously known as C. glauca (Jones, 1987).

India: Occurrence reported (UNEP-WCMC Species database). Indonesia: Occurrence in East Kalimantan reported (Suzuki, 2000) and west Java (Colijn, 2000). Due to the high demand for this species, it is becoming endangered (Anon., 2003b). Malaysia: It is found in rather open places at moderate or high altitudes and often abundant on the edge of forest beside roads in Sarawak (Anon., 2003a) and occurrence reported in Mount Kinabalu, Sabah (Parris et al., 1992). Reported as Lower Risk near threatened in Peninsular Malaysia. Myanmar: Occurrence reported (UNEP-WCMC Species Database). Papua New Guinea: This edible species occurs in areas ranging from 600 - 2,800. It is an important green leafy vegetable at pig feasts in the highlands of PNG (Kambuou, 1995). Reported as Lower Risk near threatened. Philippines: Occurrence reported (Amoroso, 1990) and as Lower Risk near threatened. Thailand: Reported as Lower Risk near threatened. Viet Nam: Recorded in Xuan Lien proposed Nature Reserve (Le Trong Trai et al., 1999). Reported as Lower Risk near threatened (Loc, 1992).

REFERENCES

Anon. (2003a). The Forest Department, Sarawak, Malaysia. http://www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my/forweb/ourfor/flora/fern/ccont.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. Anon. (2003b). History of and Guide to Purwodadi Botanic Garden. http://www.bogor.indo.net.id/kri/phist.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. Amoroso, V. B. (1990). Some endangered economic and endemic ferns of the Philippines. Pp. 15-27 in (unknown published source). Colijn, E. (2000). Nature conservation in Indonesia. http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/gede.html Downloaded 22/12/2003. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. pp 433. Kambuou, R. N. (1995). Papua New Guinea: Country Report to the FAO international technical conference on plant genetic resources (Leipzig,1996). http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FaoInfo/Agricult/AGP/AGPS/pgrfa/pdf/papuanew.pdf Downloaded 22/12/2003. Le Trong Trai, Le Van Cham, Bui Dac Tuyen, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Sang, Monastyrskii, A. L. and Eames, J. C. (1999) A Feasibility Study for the Establishment of Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hano. Loc, P. K. (1992). Annotations to: WCMC Conservation status listing for Philippines dated 6 April 1992. Parris, B. S., Beaman, R. S. and Beaman, J. H. (1992). The plants of Mount Kinabalu. I. Ferns and fern allies. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Suzuki, E. (2000). Plant specimens from Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. http://biodiversity.sci.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/suzuki/Herbarium/HerbEK.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 16 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cyathea contaminans

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Indonesia dried plants 0 0 0 0 38897 0 89264 0 0 0 0 Malaysia live 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indonesia timber 0 0 0 0 61300 332404 313986 405788 52250.5 0 0 Indonesia timber kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 997529 0 Indonesia timber shipments 0 0 0 0 0 0 170220 147638 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 17 5. Cyathea cunninghamii

FAMILY CYATHEACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyathea cunninghamii Hook.f.

COMMON NAME(S) Gully Tree Fern, Slender Tree Fern

SYNONYMS Alsophila cunninghamii (Hook.f. in Hook., 1854) R.Tryon, 1970; Cyathea boylei F. Muell., 1881;

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

This species requires humus rich acid soil, shade and moisture and it detests sun and especially wind. Plants are slow growing (Jones, 1987) and reach 20 m in height (Salmon, 1980). It occurs mainly in sheltered gullies, overtopping Dicksonia antarctica (Bostock, 1998). Cyathea cunninghamii occurs mainly in sheltered gullies, overtopping Dicksonia antarctica (Bostock, 1998) at low altitudes (0-150m). The species is uncommon. It occurs in mixed forest (Eucalyptus obliqua/Eucalyptus regnans overstorey with callidendrous rainforest understorey) and in gallery scrub (DEH, 2003).

Australia: It occurs in south-east Queensland, north-east New South Wales, southern Victoria and Tasmania (Bostock, 1998). It is listed as Rare both throughout Australia (DSE, 2002) as well as particularly in Queensland (State of Queensland, 2001) and in Victoria (DSE, 2002). It was recently listed as endangered in Tasmania (DPIWE, 2003) French Polynesia: Reported from the Tuamotu Islands (UNEP-WCMC Species database). New Zealand: It occurs on the North Island, mountains of the east coast and interior and Auckland (Allan, 1961). It ranges from Mangonui to Fiordland and the Chatham Islands, although it is largely confined to the damper west coast of both main islands (Salmon, 1980). On the north island it occurs from Kaitaia to Wellington but is only locally common in the damper western parts (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). Scattered populations occur in coastal forests along the north and west coasts of the South Island (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). It favours damp gullies or riverbanks in lowland to montane forest (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). Reported as Lower Risk near threatened (Given, 1995) and as not threatened (NZERN, 2004)

REFERENCES

Allan, H. H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Vol 1. R. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand. pp 1085. Bostock, P. D. (1998).Cyatheaceae. In Flora of Australia. Vol 48 Ferns, gymnosperms and allied groups (A. E. Orchard and P. M. McCarthy ed.s). pp193-205. ABRS/CSIRO Australia. Brownsey, P. J. and Smith-Dodsworth, J. C. (1989). New Zealand ferns and allied plants. David Bateman, Auckland, New Zealand. DEH (2003). 2. Tasmanian Tree Ferns. In: Tree Fern Management Plan for the Harvesting, Transporting or Trading of Dicksonia ntarctica in Tasmania July 2001. Department of the Environment and Heritage – Australian Government. http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/trade-use/sources/management-plans/approved/treefern-tas/ Downloaded 02 Jan 2004. DPIWE (2003). Information on Nominations for Listing Species on the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. Parks & Wildlife - Department of Primary Industries, Water & Environment of Tasmania. http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/SJON-59V9LR?open. Downloaded on 02 Jan 2004. DSE (2002). Native Flora. Department of sustainability and the Environment, Victoria, Australia. http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/web/root/domino/cm_da/nrecfor.nsf/0/68bdc676150557b44a25679a00026df4?OpenDocu ment Downloaded 02 Jan 2004 Given, D. (1995). Personal communication to WCMC concerning conservation status of some New Zealand tree ferns. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. pp 433. NZERN (2004). Cyathea cunninghamii. The New Zealand Ecological Restoration Network. http://www.members.bush.org.nz/planterguide/species.cfm?Species=Cyathea%20cunninghamii Downloaded 02 Jan 2004. Salmon, J. T. (1980). The native trees of New Zealand.A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd, Sydney. pp384. State of Queensland (2001). Nature Conservation Wildlife Regulation 1994 – reprinted as in force on 7 December 2001. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWilR94_02C.pdf Downloaded 02 Jan 2004

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 18 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cyathea cunninghamii

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 New Zealand dried plants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Australia live 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 New Zealand live 0 0 0 0 0 4 377 525 1885 1313 3241 New Zealand timber 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 67456 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 19 6. Cyathea dealbata

FAMILY CYATHEACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyathea dealbata (Forst. 1786) Sw. 1801

COMMON NAME Silver Tree Fern

SYNONYMS Alsophila tricolour (Colenso 1883) R.Tryon 1970 Cyathea tricolour Colenso 1883 Hemitelia falciloba Colla 1892

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

This subcanopy species grows to 10 m. A popular tree fern, well known for the silvery white undersides to the fronds and stipes (Jones, 1987). It requires abundant water (Jones, 1987). It is more common in drier forest and more open scrub (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989).

New Zealand: Occurrence reported in New Zealand (Crowe, 1994) where it is endemic (Anon., 2003; Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). It is a common species in primary indigenous forests (Lehmann et al., 2002). It also occurs in lowland and montane forest from North Cape to Dunedin but it is largely absent from the west coast and far south of the South island (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). It is common throughout the North, South and Chatham Islands in forest and sometimes in scrub from sea level to 600 m (Salmon, 1980).

REFERENCES

Anon. (2003). The Hidden Forest: Primitive Plants. http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/plants/trueferns/trueferns.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. Brownsey, P. J. and Smith-Dodsworth, J. C. (1989). New Zealand ferns and allied plants. David Bateman, Auckland, New Zealand. Crowe, A. (1994). Which native fern? A simple guide to the identification of New Zealand native ferns. Viking. 64 pp. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. pp 433. Lehmann, A., Leathwick, J. R. and McOverton, J. (2002). Assessing New Zealand fern diversity from spatial predictions of species assemblages. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 2217–2238. Salmon, J. T. (1980). The native trees of New Zealand. A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd, Sydney.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cyathea dealbata

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 New Zealand dried plants 0 0 0 0 192 0 1 0 0 0 0 New Zealand live 0 0 0 15 100 18 668 685 913 536 4256 New Zealand timber 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 0 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 20 7. Cyathea medullaris

FAMILY CYATHEACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyathea medullaris (G. Forster) Swartz, 1801

COMMON NAME Black Tree Fern

SYNONYM Alsophila extensa R. Br., 1810; Alsophila extensa (Forst.) Spr., 1827; Alsophila marianna Gaud., 1827; Cyathea affinis Hook. & Baker, 1865; Cyathea cumingii Baker, 1874; Cyathea deorsilobata Copel., 1911; Cyathea extensa (Forst.) Sw., 1801; Cyathea grantii Copel., 1932; Cyathea medullaris var. polyneuron (Col.) ?; Cyathea polyneuron Col., 1879; Cyathea scabra Baker, 1876; Cyathea societarum Baker, 1874; Hemitelia cumingii Trevis., 1851; Hemitelia extensa (Forst.) C. Presl, 1848; Polypodium medullare G. Forster, 1786; Sphaeropteris medullaris (Forst.) Bernh., 1801

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

A splendid robust tree fern, renowned for its massive head covered with black scales and huge, spreading crown of lacy fronds, it is adaptable and easy to grow (Jones, 1987). It prefers damp areas and is sensitive to frost (Brownsey and Smith- Dodsworth, 1989).

Australia: Occurrence reported in New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria (Allan, 1961). Fiji: Occurrence reported (Jones, 1987). French Polynesia: Occurrence reported in the Tubuai Islands (Waldren et al., 1995) and listed as Endangered (Hallé, 1978). Also reported in the Society and Tuamotu Islands. New Zealand: Occurrence reported (Jones, 1987). It occurs in lowland forest throughout, uncommon east of the divide in south Mamaku (Allan, 1961). It is common in the lowland forest of the North Island, but mostly coastal in the South Island and absent from the drier parts of Canterbury and Otago (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). Pitcairn Islands: Reported as Endangered (Waldren et al., 1995). Samoa: Occurrence reported.

REFERENCES

Allan, H. H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Vol 1. R. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand. pp 1085. Brownsey, P. J. and Smith-Dodsworth, J. C. (1989). New Zealand ferns and allied plants. David Bateman, Auckland, New Zealand. Hallé, F. (1978). Arbres et forêts des Iles Marquises. Cah. Pac. 21: 315-357. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. Waldren, S., Florence, J. and Chepstow-Lusty, A. J. (1995). Rare and endemic vascular plants of the Pitcairn Islands, south-central Pacific Ocean: a conservation appraisal. Biological Conservation 74: 83-98.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cyathea medullaris

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 New Zealand dried plants 0 0 0 0 240 100 1 0 12 0 0 Vanuatu dried plants 0 0 0002000 0 0 New Zealand live 0 0 0 4 100 45 621 887 785 501 4391 New Zealand timber 5 0 0 0 0 0 385 6 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 21 8. Cyathea smithii

FAMILY CYATHEACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyathea smithii Hook.f., 1854

COMMON NAME Soft Tree Fern

SYNONYMS Alsophila smithii (Hook.f.) R. Tryon, 1970, Hemitelia smithii (Hook.f.) Hook., 1865; Hemitelia stellulata Colla, 1886

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

A large tree fern well suited to temperate districts with a cold, moist climate (Jones, 1987).

New Zealand: Occurrence reported (Given, 1992). It is endemic to New Zealand and found in the lowland to montane forests from latitude of 35° southwards (Allan, 1961). It is found in damp places in forests from near sea level to at least 1,000 m from Mangonui south through the North, South, Stewart, Auckland, and Chatham Islands (Salmon, 1980). This species is common throughout New Zealand in montane forest of the North Island and in lowland to montane areas of the South Island (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989). It favours colder, wetter conditions and is the dominant tree fern at higher altitudes and in the far south (Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth, 1989).

REFERENCES

Allan, H. H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Vol 1. R. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand. pp 1085. Brownsey, P. J. and Smith-Dodsworth, J. C. (1989) New Zealand ferns and allied plants. David Bateman, Auckland, New Zealand. Given, D. R. (1992). Letter to Hugh Synge concerning conservation status of New Zealand plants. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. Salmon, J. T. (1980). The native trees of New Zealand. A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd, Sydney.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cyathea smithii

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 New Zealand dried plants 0 72 170168000 0 00 New Zealand live 0 56 0 81 102 15 535 348 543 1062 4115 New Zealand timber 0 72 0 0 0 0 180 0 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 22 9. Cibotium barometz

FAMILY DICKSONIACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cibotium barometz (L.1753) J. Smith 1842

SYNONYMS Balantium glaucescens Link, 1841; Cibotium assamicum Hook., 1844; Cibotium baranetz Christ, 1907; Cibotium djambianum Hassk., 1856; Cibotium glaucescens (Link) Kunze, 1841; Cibotium glaucophyllum C. Presl, 1836; Cibotium glaucum J. Smith, 1841; Dicksonia assamica (Hook.) Griff., 1849; Dicksonia barometz (L.) Hook. & Baker, 1866

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Plants are hardy and easily grown (Jones, 1987).

China: Occurrence reported (Jones, 1987). Status in China reported as Vulnerable and wild plants under State protection (Hong Kong Herbarium, 2004(?)). The species has a relatively widespread distribution, occurring in the valley, edges of the forest in tropical and subtropical zones in China, Indochina and southeast Asia. Its populations are reported to be decline due to habitat destruction accelerated by collection for medicinal use. However, hard data are still difficult to attain. Dried rhizome of this species is in demand as medicine. It is known to be in trade and to be collected from the wild. Significant trade surveys in China noted this species as priority for conservation action (HaiNing and Shi Yong, 2003). Hong Kong: Occurrence reported (UNEP-WCMC database). India: Occurrence reported (Iwatsuki, 1988; Jones, 1987). Indonesia: Reported as Rare on Java and occurrence reported on Sumatra. Japan: Reported as not threatened (Nakaike, 1995). Malaysia: Occurrence reported (Jones, 1987). This is common in open situations in forest on steep slopes in the hills and mountains, and may be abundant amongst secondary growth in clearings where the forest is regenerating (Piggott, 1988). The hairs, fresh or charred, have been used as a styptic and used to stuff pillows, and the leaves can be used medicinally in case of fainting (Piggott, 1988). Reported as not threatened. Myanmar: Occurrence reported (Nakaike, 1992) in Tavoy (Beddome, 1883). Nepal: Occurrence reported. Papua New Guinea: Reported as Rare (Parris, 1988). Philippines: Reported as Rare (Amoroso, 1990). Taiwan: Occurrence reported (Li et al., 1975) and reported as Rare (Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, 1995). Thailand: Recorded as not threatened (Tagawa and Iwatsuki, 1979). Viet Nam: Occurrence reported (Loc, 1992). Lecup and Quang Tu (2000) report a broad impression that market demand for wild collected specimens is far exceeding the current supply capacity.

REFERENCES

Amoroso, V. B. (1990). Some endangered economic and endemic ferns of the Philippines. pp. 15-27 in (unknown published source). Hong Kong Herbarium, 2004(?)). Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. http://www.hkherbarium.net/Herbarium/5Cibotium%20barometz.htm Downloaded 02 Jan 2004. Beddome, R. H. (1883). Handbook to the ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula.Thacker, Spink and Co., London. pp500. HaiNing, Q. and D. Shi Yong. (2003). Test of the applicability of the criteria for listing on Appendix I and Appendix II. http://www.cites.org/common/prog/criteria/flora/C_barometz_CN.pdf Downloaded on 02 Jan 2004. Iwatsuki, K. (1988). An enumeration of the pteridophytes of Nepal. Pp. 231-339 In Ohba, H. and Malla (eds.). Himalayan Plants. Tokyo: Tokyo Press. Jones, D. L. (1987). Encyclopaedia of ferns, an introduction to ferns, their structure, biology, economic importance, cultivation and propagation. Lothian Publishing Company PTY Ltd, Melbourne. pp 433. Lecup, I. and B. Quang Tu (2000) . A participatory diagnosis of the local non timber forest products and their market environment in two communes in Tua Chua District, Lai Chau Province. Vietnamese – German Technical Cooperation. http://www.mekonginfo.org/mrc_en/doclib.nsf/0/78E25960B87ECA4C4725693400358370/$FILE/FULLTEXT.htm l Downloaded 02 Jan 2004. Li, H.-L., T.-S. Liu, T.-C. Huang, T. Koyama & C.E. Devol (1975). Flora of Taiwan. Taipei: Epoch Loc, P. K. (1992). Annotations to WCMC printout entitled: Conservation status listing for Philippines dated 6 April 1992. Unpublished.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 23 Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (1996). Sach do Viet Nam Phan Thuc Vat. [Red Data Book of Vietnam] Volume 2. Plants. Hanoi: Science and Technics Publishing House. 484 pp. Nakaike, T. (1992). New flora of Japan, pteridophytes. 868 pp. Nakaike, T. (1995). Annotations to WCMC printout entitled "Conservation status listing of tree ferns of Japan". Unpublished Parris, B. (1988). List of ferns in the WCMC database for Peninsular Malaysia with annotations by Barbara Parris. Unpublished. Piggott, A. G. (1988). Ferns of Malaysia in colour. Tropical Press SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp 458. Tagawa, M. and Iwatsuki, K. (eds.) (1979). Flora of Thailand 3(1):1-128. Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute (1995). Conservation Status Listing of Plants in Taiwan (Draft). 79 pp. Unpublished.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cibotium barometz

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 China derivatives 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1200 0 0 0 China derivatives flasks 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 10000 423 0 China derivatives kg 0 0 31000 4000 0 0 0.23 19.26 505 6675.42 1456.976 China derivatives shipments 0 0 0 0 0 0 10363 1910 1696 2389 0 China live 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 0 0 0 50 Thailand live 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 China roots kg 0 4000 16100 328000 17470 0 0 0 0 14200 39400 Viet Nam roots kg 0 0 7000 210000 50000 0 43000 213000 185000 153000 97000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 24 10. Pterocarpus santalinus

FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.

COMMON NAME(S) Algum, Almug, Saunderswood, Red Sandalwood

GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS Endangered B1 + 2de (Oldfield, et al, 1998); Endangered (Walter & Gillett, 1998)

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Occurs mainly in peninsular India, and sporadically in other states (Anon., 1997). Seed germination studies are being carried out in the field and in vitro for Pterocarpus santalinus. In vitro propagation protocols are being developed for P. santalinus (DBT, 2003).

China: Uncertain status reported (International Legume Database & Information Service, 2003) but likely to be introduced (Kumar and Sane, 2003). India: Red sandalwood is restricted to the southern parts of the Eastern Ghats where it occurs in dry deciduous forest. It has a restricted natural range and grows typically on dry, hilly, often rocky ground and occasionally found growing on precipitous hillsides at altitudes of 150 - 900 m (Anon., 1997). It is found in the Cuddapah region in southern Andhra Pradesh (ENVIS, 2003), and also in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry (Kumar and Sane, 2003). Recorded as Endangered (Ved, 1995). Threats to this species include habitat loss and degradation, selective logging, and clear cutting (CAMP Workshops on Medicinal Plants in India 1996). It is commercially valuable for its timber and for the extraction of dye, medicine and cosmetics, and has been overexploited in the past. It has been described by UNDP (2003) as an important plant species of medicinal value in the southern region of India and assessed as being endangered. Although export from India is prohibited by national legislation, large quantities are exported regularly (Anon., 1997). Illegal trade has been reported though exact figure unknown (Anon., 1997). Pakistan: Occurrence reported (Richter and Dallwitz, 2002) but likely to be introduced (Kumar and Sane, 2003). Sri Lanka: Occurrence reported as an introduction (Kumar and Sane, 2003). Taiwan: Occurrence reported as an introduction (Kumar and Sane, 2003).

REFERENCES

Anon. (1997). Proposal to include Pterocarpus santalinus in Appendix II of CITES (unpublished). Ninth Conference of the Parties to CITES, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. CAMP Workshops on Medicinal Plants in India (1996). Pterocarpus santalinus. In: IUCN 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org. Downloaded 22/12/2003. Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (2003). Ministry of Science and Technology of India. http://dbtindia.nic.in/r&d/med&aroplants.html Downloaded 22/12/2003. ENVIS (2003). Environmental Information System - Medicinal Plants of Conservation Concern. Focus on 880 traded medicinal plants of India. http://envis.frlht.org.in/botanical_search.php?txtbtname=Pterocarpus+santalinus&gesp=1764%7CPterocarpus+santal inus+L.F Downloaded 22/12/2003 International Legume Database & Information Service (2003). http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/16068.shtml Downloaded 22/12/2003. Kumar, S. and Sane, P. V. (2003) Legumes of South Asia, a check-list. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Oldfield, S.O., Lusty, C. & A.MacKinven. 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press. 650pp. Richter, H. G. and Dallwitz, M. J. (2002). Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, and Spanish. Version: 18th October 2002. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/ Downloaded 22/12/2003. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2003). Environment Programme Support Sub-Programme for Medicinal Plants Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation, India. http://www.undp.org.in/Programme/Environment/mplants/default.htm Downloaded 22/12/2003. Ved, D. K. (1995). Plants under threat - new list forged. (from FRLHT). AMRUTH 5: 2-3. Walter, K.S. & H.J. Gillett. 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, CambridgeUK. 862pp.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 25 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Pterocarpus santalinus

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 India extract kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2497 0 0 0 Cambodia timber m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.884 0 0 0 Madagascar timber m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 26 11. Bletilla striata

FAMILY ORCHIDACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f.

SYNONYMS Bletia gebina Lindl., Bletia hyacinthina (Sm.) Aiton, Bletia striata (Thunb.) Druce, Bletilla elegantula (Kraenzl.) Garay & G. A. Romero, Bletilla gebina (Lindl.) Rchbf., Bletilla striata f. gebina (Lindl.) Ohwi, Bletilla striata var. gebina (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Bletilla striata var. kotoensis (Hayata) Masam., Calanthe gebina (Lindl.) Lindl., Coelogyne elegantula Kraenzl., Cymbidium hyacinthinum Sm., Cymbidium striatum (Thunb.) Sw., Epidendrum striatum (Thunb.) Thunb., Gyas humilis Salisb., Jimensia nervosa Raf., Jimensia striata (Thunb.) Garay & R. E. Schult., Limodoru hyacinthinum (Sm.) Donn, Limodorum striatum Thunb. in J. A. Murray, Polytoma inodora Lour. ex Gomes, Sobralia bletioides Brongn. ex Decne.

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

China: Occurrence reported in Central, Northern and Southern China (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2003). Japan: Occurrence reported (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2003). Reported as rare in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Ohwi, 1965). Korea, Rep. of: Occurrence reported (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2003; Tchang, 1989). Lao P.D.R.: Seidenfaden (1973) noted that Gagnepain and Guillaumin (1932-1934) reported its occurrence in northern Laos. Taiwan: Recorded from Lanyu Island (Liu and Su, 1978). Viet Nam: Seidenfaden (1973) referred to a specimen in the Paris Museum labelled “Cochinchina? Cult.?”.

REFERENCES

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2003) Monocot Checklist. http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/data/monocots. Downloaded 24 June 2003. Gagnepain, F. and Guillaumin, A. (1932-1934) Orchidacées. Pp. 142-647 in Lecomte, Flore Gén. Indoch. 6. Liu, T.-S. and Su, H.-J. (1978) Orchidaceae. Pp. 859-1137 in Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 5. Epoch Publishing, Taipei. Ohwi, J. (1965) Flora of Japan. Seidenfaden, G. (1973) An enumeration of Laotian orchids. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (3)71: 101-152. Tchang Bok Lee (1989) [Illustrated flora of Korea.] (In Korean)

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Bletilla striata

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 China derivatives kg 0 0 0 0 7600 0 0 30005 2 0 0 China derivatives shipments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 China dried plants kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 198 300 0 0 China live 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 3000 Viet Nam live 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 27 12. Dendrobium nobile

FAMILY ORCHIDACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

SYNONYMS Dendrobium coerulescens Wall. ex Lindl., Dendrobium formosanum (Rchb.f.) Masam., Dendrobium lindleyanum Griff., Dendrobium nobile Lindl. var alboluteum Huyen & Aver., Dendrobium nobile var. formosanum Rchb.f., Dendrobium nobile Lindl. f. nobilius (Rchb.f.) M. Hiroe, Dendrobium nobile Lindl. var. nobilius Rchb.f.

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Bhutan: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Status reported as Rare (Pradhan, 1993). China: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). India: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Status reported as Indeterminate (Arora and Gupta, 1983). Lao P.D.R.: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Myanmar: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Nepal: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Taiwan: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Liu and Su (1978) reported that it was probably not a native species. Thailand: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997). Identified as a priority for conservation action following a workshop considering orchids in trade in Thailand (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 1999). Viet Nam: Occurrence reported (Roberts et al., 1997).

The variety alboluteum is only found in Viet Nam, but nobile occurs in all countries listed above (Roberts et al., 1997).

REFERENCES

Arora, Y. K. and Gupta, R. K. (1983). Native ornamental orchids: conservation and cultivation of endangered and extinct species. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4 (2):393-411. Liu, T.-S. and Su, H.-J. (1978) Orchidaceae. Pp. 859-1137 in Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 5. Epoch Publishing, Taipei. Pradhan, R. (1993). Annotations to WCMC plant list for Bhutan dated 31 August 1993. Roberts, J. A., Allman, L. R., Beale, C. R., Butter, R. W., Crook, K. R. and McGough, H. N. (comps.) (1997). CITES Orchid Checklist. Volume 2 For the genera: Cymbidium, Dendrobium (selected sections only), Disa, Dracula and Encyclia. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 300 pp. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 1999. A survey of the orchid trade in Thailand. 23pp. http://europa.eu.int/ hail/environment/cites/studies/study_orchids_thailand.pdf

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Dendrobium nobile

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 China Derivatives 18000 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 0 0 0 China Derivatives kg 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 56 3049.7 6.15 Derivatives China shipments 8629 92 145 0 0 0 0 0 655 320 0 Viet Nam Derivatives kg 0 0 0 0 5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Viet Nam Dried plants kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 20000 67000 0 16500 22000 China Extract flasks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 China Live 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thailand Live 123 459 13099 747 835 477 0 0 0 0 0 Viet Nam Live 0 0 0 0 0 250 400 1776 130 0 0 China Roots kg 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Laos Roots kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400000 0 Viet Nam Roots kg 0 0 0 28175 0 24500 39000 0 23000 13000 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 28 13. Cistanche deserticola

FAMILY SCROPHULARIACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma

COMMON NAME Desert living cistanche

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

China: Occurrence reported from Nei Monggol Zizhiqu and Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (National Environment Protection Bureau, 1987) and recorded as Endangered (Fu and Jin, 1992). "This species is a unique parasitic herb, distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi provinces, Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China" (CITES Secretariat, 2000).

Comments from the proposal submitted by China to list the species include: "Because Cistanche deserticola Ma is a parasitic herb growing on the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum in desert areas. It is difficult to cultivate Cistanche deserticola Ma and to develop the population quickly…. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the top native producing area of the species where the quantity of the drug is the best of all; the annual production is about 70 tons at present. Cistanche deserticola Ma produced in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is used only in the local region in recent years. It is produced in Gansu province for a long time, but the production decreased quickly for indiscriminate collection. This species distributes widely in North Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region where annual output is about 50 tons….. The population of the species decreased, distributive area shrunk, resource deposit declined…… For over exploitation, the population of this species was getting less and less and its distributive areas shrunk dramatically. In addition, people collected it only, but not propagate it. Now it is difficult to find the herb in 20km region around the residential area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and in 100km region around the residential area in Xingjiang Uygur autonomous region" (CITES Secretariat, 2000).

"Legal trade: The commodity of the species mainly exported to Japan, Hongkong, and Southeast Asia. The world trade volumes has grown stably. From fifties to sixties, the commodity of Cistanche desertecola Ma was mainly collected in Inner Mongolia, and purchases were more than sales all the time. From nineteen seventies, because of over exploitation, the resource in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreased gradually, and the resource in Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was not developed to utilize, the purchase tended to decline. With the utilization of Cistanche desertecola Ma in Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, purchase rose obviously. The annual purchases have kept 400- 500 tons at the beginning of eighties, and world trade volumes were up to 120 tons per year. With increase of the world trade volumes, the resource of the species decreased dramatically. The world trade volumes is intending to decline in recent years, and now the whole volumes of Cistanche desertecola Ma even can’t meet the foreign market" (CITES Secretariat, 2000).

"Illegal Trade: Considering its obvious effects and high demand in national and international markets, it is traded in smuggling and other illegal methods" (CITES Secretariat, 2000).

Mongolia: Reported as Endangered (Batjargal and Enkhbat, 1998).

"Famous and valuable Chinese medicinal plants, such as Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum, have decreased in wild habitats as the result of overcollecting…Recently, government bans on hunting and collecting rare and endangered animals and plants have been enacted, but poaching and collecting are still serious problems" (Anon., 1995).

REFERENCES

Anon. (1995). China's Biodiversity: A Country Study. State Environmental Protection Administration, China. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/biodiv/state_imp_en/country_study.html Anon. (1996). Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan for Mongolia. Appendix 7 List of plant species classified as very rare and rare under the Mongolian Law on Natural Plants. Pp. 119-122. Batjargal, Z. and Enkhbat, A. (editors). (1998). Biological Diversity in Mongolia. First National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry for Nature and Environment of Mongolia, UNEP and GEF Ulaanbatar. 144pp. http://www.biodiv.org/doc/world/mn/mn-nr-01-en.pdf CITES Secretariat. 2000. Proposal 11.59. Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices: Cistanche deserticola. Proposal submitted by The People's Republic of China. http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=cache:i5SI_ZEN_UMJ:www.cites.org/eng/cop/11/prop/59.pdf+%22Cistanche+d eserticola%22+status&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 Fu, L. and Jin, J. (eds.) (1992). China Plant Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Beijing: Science Press. xviii, 741 pp.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 29 IUCN & TRAFFIC. 2000. Analysis of proposals to amend the CITES Appendices. Submitted to the Eleventh Meeting of Conference of the Parties Nairobi, Kenya 10-20 April 2000. Unpublished. National Environment Protection Bureau (1987). The list of rare and endangered plants protected in China. Botanical Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: Academy Press. 96 pp.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Cistanche deserticola

Exporter Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 China derivatives 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 China derivatives kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4200 0 1233.046 derivatives China shipments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 China stems kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3750 2589.28

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 30 14. Cyclamen coum

FAMILY PRIMULACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyclamen coum Mill.

SYNONYMS Cyclamen coum Mill. ssp. caucasicum (K. Koch) O. Schwarz Cyclamen coum Mill. ssp. coum forma albissimum R. H. Bailey, Koenen, Lilywh. & P. J. M. Moore Cyclamen coum Mill. ssp. coum forma pallidum Grey-Wilson Cyclamen coum Mill. ssp. elegans (Boiss. & Bhuse) Grey-Wilson

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

A highly variable species. Has a wide, through discontinuous distribution from Bulgaria in eastern Europe, through northern and central Turkey to the southern Caucasus and northern Iran and then southwards to Syria and the Lebanon. The species also has a wide altitudinal range from sea-level to over 2,100 m. Along the shores of the Black Sea it is a common plant. At higher altitudes it is typically a woodland plant or a plant of scrub or rock crevices (Grey-Wilson, 1988).

It is of economic importance as an ornamental plant (GRIN, 2003).

Armenia: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Azerbaijan: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Bulgaria: Occurrence reported in the east (Davis et al., 1999). It is considered endangered in Bulgaria (P. Zhelev, Aug 2002, in Kathe et al. 2003. Information sourced from the RDB of Bulgaria and from official orders of Ministry of Environment and Water). Georgia: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Iran: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999; Rechinger, 1965). Israel: Occurrence reported in the north (Davis et al., 1999). It occurs in the shade of shrubs, at altitudes of 1,100-1,200 m. It is found in Upper Galilee, Golan, where it is rather rare; it is protected by law, and grown for ornament in pots and rock gardens (Feinbrun-Dothan, 1978). Lebanon: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Russian Federation: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Syria: Occurrence reported in the west (Davis et al., 1999). Turkey: Occurrence reported (Davis, 1978; Davis et al., 1999). The Turkish First National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (www.biodiv.org) notes the following: C. coum is very restricted to certain regions and affects the economical structure of those regions because there are so many native people who collect geophytes from the mountains. Ukraine: Occurrence reported (Shishkin and Bobrov, 1952). It occurs in mountain woods, mostly oak (Shishkin and Bobrov, 1952).

REFERENCES

Davis, A. P., McGough, H. N., Mathew, B. and Grey-Wilson, C.. (1999). CITES Bulb Checklist. For the genera: Cyclamen, Galanthus and Sternbergia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 87pp. Davis, P. H. (ed.) (1978) Flora of Turkey. Vol. 6. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1978). Flora Palaestina. Part Three, Text Ericaceae to Compositae. The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities, Jerusalem. Grey-Wilson, C. (1988). The Genus Cyclamen. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in association with Christopher Helm and Timber Press. 147 pp. GRIN (2003). The Germplasm Resources Information Network. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?cyclamen+coum Downloaded on 18/12/2003. Rechinger, K. H. (1965). Flora Iranica, Flora des Iranischen hochlandes und der umrahmenden gebirge. Primulaceae. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria. 37+Shishkin, B. K. and Bobrov, E. G. (ed.s) (19652. Flora of the U.S.S.R.. Vol XVIII, Metachlamydeae. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Msocow – 1952 –Leningrad.

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 31 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of live Cyclamen coum and Cyclamen coum ssp. caucasicum

Exporter 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200060 400200 Netherlands 675 0 0 1050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turkey 69750 152650 125800 79545 98025 140000 210400 250000 250000 300000 300000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 32 15. Cyclamen hederifolium

FAMILY PRIMULACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton

SYNONYMS Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton var. confusum Grey-Wilson Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton var. hederifolium forma albiflorum (Jord.) Grey-Wilson

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Has a wide Mediterranean distribution, being found from south-east France eastwards to south Turkey, including many Mediterranean islands, but excluding Cyprus.

Albania: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Bulgaria: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). France: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Greece: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Italy: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Serbia & Montenegro: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Switzerland: Occurrence reported (Davis et al., 1999). Turkey: Occurrence reported in the west (Davis, 1978; Davis et al., 1999). The Turkish First National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (www.biodiv.org) notes the following: C. hederifolium is very restricted to certain regions and affects the economical structure of those regions because there are so many native people who collect geophytes from the mountains.

"In some Near East countries (e.g.Turkey), bulbous plants are used for ornaments as well as in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They have traditionally been used in the floristic trade locally and are now also being sold abroad. The export of flowers earned US$2,374,000 in 1995. Some of the most important bulbous plants are: Eranthis hyemalis, Anemone blande, Leucozum aestivum and Cyclamen hederifolium" (Heywood, 1997).

United Kingdom: Occurrence reported as an introduced species (Davis et al., 1999).

Grey-Wilson (1988) refers to C. hederifolium forma album (syn. 'Album') as being scarce in wild populations but widely cultivated in gardens; however, he queries the use of the name and it is not listed in Davis et al. (1999). Extremely variable. Will grow in almost any garden and sows itself around freely. The best known hardy Cyclamen, in cultivation at least since the sixteenth century. Specimens over 130 years old have been recorded.

It is of economic importance as an ornamental plant (GRIN, 2003).

REFERENCES

Davis, A. P., McGough, H. N., Mathew, B. and Grey-Wilson, C.. (1999). CITES Bulb Checklist. For the genera: Cyclamen, Galanthus and Sternbergia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 87pp. Davis, P. H. (ed.) (1978) Flora of Turkey. Vol. 6. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Grey-Wilson, C. (1988). The Genus Cyclamen. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in association with Christopher Helm and Timber Press. 147 pp. GRIN (2003). The Germplasm Resources Information Network. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?cyclamen+coum Downloaded on 18/12/2003 Heywood, V. 1997. Plant resources and their diversity in the Near East. In: Medicinal, Culinary and Aromatic Plants In The Near East Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting organized by the Forest Products Division, FAO Forestry Department and the FAO Regional Office for the Near East 19 - 21 May 1997 Cairo, Egypt http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5402e/x5402e03.htm

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of live Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen hederifolium var. hederifolium fa. hederifolium

Exporter 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Netherlands 5276 1000 195 35850 0 0 800 0 0 0 0 Turkey 1184375 1651000 1499228 474890 1094300 1315000 1452532 1441850 1250000 1300000 1275000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 33 16. Nardostachys grandiflora

FAMILY VALERIANACEAE

NAME AND AUTHOR Nardostachys grandiflora DC.

COMMON NAME Himalayan spikenard, Jatamansi

DISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CONSERVATION STATUS

Recorded as occurring from Uttaranchal to south-west China (Polunin and Stainton, 1984) on rocks, ledges and open slopes from 3,600-4,800 m. It is widely distributed on undisturbed slopes (3,000 – 5,000 m) of the Himalayas (Anon., 1997b). Populations have declined in some parts of its range due to over-harvesting of the species’s rhizomes for use in traditional medicine and as ingredients in perfumes and oils (Mulliken, 2000).

Afganistan: Occurrence reported (Anon., 1997b). Bhutan Status recorded as Vulnerable (Pradhan, 1993). "May 25, 198? The Director of Forests approved a proposal to ban exports of medicinal plants..." (Anon., 1997a). "Particularly highly-prized plants, such as Nardostachys grandiflora, have been pushed to the brink of extinction by over-exploitation, according to Tinley Tshitila, a Research Officer in the Medicine and Aromatic Plants Section at the Yusipang National Agricultural Research Centre near Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. "Demand, particularly from India, is so high that we banned exports, except in semi-processed form, so that we can try to control the trade and make sure our farmers benefit." Also, Bhutan has introduced a regime of sustainable harvesting from the wild. Using the traditional trading system, specialists worked with farmers to explain and encourage less-damaging collection. The most exploited area was Lingzhi, but now collection is permitted, in rotation, in other areas - Bumthang and Eastern Trashigang - too" (Emmett, 2003). Domestically, it is used to manufacture incense and in the preparation of indigenous medicine. Collection of this species from the wild is permitted, although exports of this species are banned (Mulliken, 2000). China: Occurrence reported in Xizang Zizhiqu (Hara et al., 1978-1982). Domestically it is not considered to be commonly used in traditional medicine (Mulliken, 2000). India: Occurrence reported (Jain and Rao, 1983). Recorded in Himachal Pradesh, on alpine rocky slopes in Manjiban, Jakha-Kanda, Tangankhai and the Great Himalayan National Park, between 3,000 and 4,000 m. The market rate for the rhizomes was Rs. 90-160 per kg (Chauhan, 1999). Also recorded from Uttaranchal (Polunin and Stainton, 1984) and Sikkim (Chauhan, 1999). Domestically it is widely used as medicine and in perfumeries. Domestic harvest is permitted, except in Uttaranchal where it is banned. Exports and re-exports of this species in its raw form are prohibited (Mulliken, 2000). Myanmar: Occurrence reported (Anon., 1997b). Nepal: Recorded as Vulnerable (Shrestha and Joshi, 1996) due to extensive collection for export. Legally protected (export of raw material banned, processed material may be exported under licence) under the Forest Regulations, 1995 (amended in 2001) "NTFPs, especially medicinal plants from which underground parts (root, rhizome, tuber) and bark are collected, are adversely affected by uncontrolled harvesting. For example, there has been drastic depletion of plants that were once very abundant, such as Nardostachys grandiflora (Jatamansi) from the Jumla area. The medicinal plants of Nepal that are being used in traditional medicinal practised by local communities as well as in the Ayurvedic medical system for primary health care have also been harvested indiscriminately for export to meet international demands. Such plants include N. grandiflora" (His Majesty’s Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, 2002). Domestically it is used as medicine. Collection is authorised via permits which specify collection area but not quantity or harvest times. Nepal was the primary country of export of this species, exporting large amounts of unprocessed rhizomes and smaller quantities of oil. Much of these were exported to India. Export of unprocessed rhizomes is banned. Mulliken (2000) found little quantitative information available on the impact of harvest levels in Nepal. It is widely collected by villagers and shepherds who visit alpine regions in late summer (Shrestha and Joshi, 1996). Pakistan: Domestically it is used for medicinal purposes. Commercial exploitation from reserved forests is forbidden. Where it is allowed, it is usually through the sale of the lease of an area.

REFERENCES

Anon. (1997a). Biodiversity action plan for Bhutan. National biodiversity strategy and action plan. 188pp. http://www.biodiv.org/doc/world/bt/bt-nbsap-01-en.pdf Anon. (1997b). IUCN Analyses of the proposals to amend the CITES Appendices. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission and the TRAFFIC Network for the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES. IUCN The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Chauhan, N. S. (1999) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. Emmett, S. (2003). Mountain medicines. New Agriculturist On-Line. http://www.new-agri.co.uk/03- 1/focuson/focuson5.html

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 34 Hara, H., Stearn, W. T. and Williams, L. H. J. (1978-1982). An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. London, British Museum (Natural History). 3 vols. His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (2002). NepalBiodiversity Strategy. 117pp. http://www.biodiv.org/doc/world/np/np-nbsap-01-en.doc Jain, S. K. and Rao, R. R. (1983). An assessment of threatened plants of India. Proceedings of the seminar held at Dehra Dun, 14-17 Sept., 1981. Howrah, Botanical Survey of India. 334 pp. Mulliken, T. A. (2000). Implementing CITES for Himalayan medicinal plants Nardostachys grandiflora and Picrorhiza kurrooa. TRAFFIC Bulletin 18 (2): 63-72. Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Pradhan, R. (1993). Annotations to WCMC plant list for Bhutan dated 31 August 1993. Shrestha, T. B. and Joshi, R. M. (1996). Rare, endemic and endangered plants of Nepal. WWF Nepal Program, Kathmandu.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Gross Exports of Nardostachys grandiflora from China

Term 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 roots kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12500 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 35 SECTION 2: POSSIBLE CANDIDATE COUNTRY FOR COUNTRY-LEVEL REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE

As mentioned in Section 1, following the first step statistical analysis and flow chart method of species selection, an initial list of 49 species was selected as possible candidates for review of significant trade. During the second stage of reviewing all species recorded trade level, a pattern emerged identifying Viet Nam as a possible candidate country for a country-level review of significant trade.

Orchidaceae spp. are the main group of species with an increase in trade from Viet Nam in recent years. It appears from the data that, following a ban on export of wild orchids from Thailand, the trade in some of the species was then taken up by Viet Nam, as illustrated by graphs 1-3 below.

Table 1 highlights gross exports of Orchidaceae species from Viet Nam (direct exports only) for the years 1995-2002.

Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), in their recent Research Report, highlight the main reasons for the rapid growth in this trade in Viet Nam and highlight key failures in the country’s attempts to control it. The author of the report did, however, concentrate on fauna, while highlighting the fact that there is also a highly developed illegal trade in plant products in the country (EEPSEA Research Report 2003-RR6, Wildlife Trading in Vietnam: Why it Flourishes, by Nguyen Van Song [Economics and Rural Development Faculty, Hanoi Agricultural University # I, Vietnam]. http://www.idrc.org.sg/en/ev-47045-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html)

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 36 Table 4: Gross exports of wild-sourced Appendix II-listed Orchidaceae species from Viet Nam 1994-2002

(Data are shown if the total export for 1995-2002 was equivalent to 50 or more specimens) Taxon Term Unit 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 TOTAL Orchidaceae spp. live 690 1210 3321 3400 1170 32851 23808 66450 Acampe spp. live 14 38 52 Acampe carinata live 105 10 20 135 Acampe rigida live 105 35 30 170 Acineta superba live 50 50 Aerides spp. live 3 6 104 123 1 237 Aerides crassifolium live 81 50 50 181 Aerides falcatum live 960 51 1011 Aerides krabiense live 970 15 985 Aerides multiflorum live 961 11 151 1123 Aerides odoratum live 961 13 50 1024 Aerides quinquevulnerum live 240 15 255 Ania penangiana live 1 35 20 56 Anoectochilus spp. live 10 205 215 Anoectochilus sikkimensis live 15 20 20 55 Arachnis spp. live 1 2 26 22 51 Arachnis flos-aeris live 1 40 40 81 Arachnis x maingayi live 10 40 20 70 Arundina graminifolia live 53 3 56 Ascocentrum spp. live 44 5133 100 5277 Ascocentrum live 50 3421 925 1010 1500 6906 christensonianum Ascocentrum garayi live 1 1801 30 150 1982 Ascocentrum rubescens live 1 50 51 Bromheadia aporoides live 120 120 Bulbophyllum spp. live 1 13 725 3268 22 100 100 1100 5329 Bulbophyllum blepharistes live 158 158 Bulbophyllum evrardii live 20 215 80 10 325 Bulbophyllum frostii live 740 100 840 Bulbophyllum lepidum live 139 505 20 470 1134 Bulbophyllum macranthum live 30 50 80 Bulbophyllum nigrescens live 100 100 Bulbophyllum picturatum live 50 20 70 Bulbophyllum putidum live 750 100 120 970 Bulbophyllum refractum live 100 30 50 10 190 Bulbophyllum spathulatum live 50 50 Bulbophyllum umbellatum live 20 15 50 10 95 Calanthe spp. live 5 180 50 235 Calanthe triplicata live 110 110 Christensonia vietnamica live 5 4531 780 1060 50 6426 Cleisostoma spp. live 5 160 110 275 Cleisostoma arietinum live 50 50 Cleisostoma filiforme live 30 50 80 Cleisostoma live 50 50 fuerstenbergianum Cleisostoma tenuifolium live 50 50 Coelogyne spp. live 2 152 2284 776 50 200 3464 Coelogyne assamica live 20 50 70 Coelogyne fimbriata live 70 70 Coelogyne lawrenceana live 500 20 50 50 10 630 Coelogyne lentiginosa live 200 200 Coelogyne mooreana live 100 50 200 560 50 960 Coelogyne nitida live 400 1 401 Coelogyne rigida live 50 50 Coelogyne sanderae live 20 150 170 Coelogyne virescens live 6 25 50 10 91

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 37 Taxon Term Unit 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 TOTAL Cymbidium spp. live 5 724 712 42 20 100 1603 Cymbidium aloifolium live 10 10 30 50 Cymbidium cyperifolium live 50 50 Cymbidium eburneum live 20 100 120 Cymbidium erythrostylum live 220 340 560 Cymbidium insigne live 20 50 70 Cymbidium kanran live 10 20 50 80 Cymbidium munronianum live 10 20 50 80 Cymbidium schroederi live 50 50 Cymbidium tracyanum live 750 750 Dendrobium spp. dried plants 10000 10000 Dendrobium spp. dried plants kg 28000 25000 10000 63000 Dendrobium spp. live 5 20 472 12352 36 101 250 650 13886 Dendrobium spp. roots kg 10000 10000 Dendrobium aduncum live 500 2280 1500 4280 Dendrobium amabile live 105 3290 300 3695 Dendrobium anosmum live 50 100 108 1014 230 100 20 1622 Dendrobium bellatulum live 100 600 675 50 200 550 2175 Dendrobium brymerianum dried plants kg 1000 1000 Dendrobium brymerianum live 600 230 830 Dendrobium capillipes live 100 1520 500 2120 Dendrobium cariniferum live 100 50 150 Dendrobium chlorostylum live 310 100 410 Dendrobium chrysanthum live 310 60 50 420 Dendrobium chryseum live 10 50 60 Dendrobium chrysotoxum live 100 500 1 80 50 731 Dendrobium crystallinum live 100 100 Dendrobium dantaniense live 50 50 Dendrobium delacourii live 50 50 200 300 Dendrobium densiflorum live 10 50 150 210 Dendrobium devonianum live 50 50 Dendrobium dickasonii live 50 50 Dendrobium draconis live 100 300 10 1550 1600 3560 Dendrobium falconeri live 200 200 Dendrobium farmeri live 100 600 1020 50 1770 Dendrobium fimbriatum live 50 50 Dendrobium formosum live 230 2085 1700 4015 Dendrobium gibsonii live 300 140 440 Dendrobium gratiosissimum live 100 50 150 Dendrobium hancockii live 50 50 Dendrobium harveyanum live 1300 200 1500 Dendrobium herbaceum dried plants kg 23000 11000 34000 Dendrobium herbaceum roots kg 35000 35000 Dendrobium hercoglossum live 50 50 Dendrobium infundibulum live 50 50 100 Dendrobium lindleyi live 400 1 600 250 1251 Dendrobium moniliforme dried plants 3700 3700 Dendrobium moniliforme dried plants kg 5000 5000 Dendrobium nobile derivatives kg 5000 5000 Dendrobium nobile dried plants kg 20000 67000 16500 22000 125500 Dendrobium nobile live 250 400 1776 130 2556 Dendrobium nobile roots kg 28175 24500 39000 23000 13000 127675 Dendrobium ochraceum live 20 50 70 Dendrobium parcum live 100 20 120 Dendrobium pendulum live 310 80 390 Dendrobium primulinum live 100 50 150 Dendrobium secundum live 1500 1210 1500 4210

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 38 Taxon Term Unit 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 TOTAL Dendrobium sulcatum live 50 50 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum live 100 800 2710 735 300 4645 Dendrobium tortile live 100 20 30 20 170 Dendrobium unicum live 350 350 Dendrobium wardianum live 100 150 250 Dendrobium williamsonii live 100 100 Dendrochilum spp. live 350 350 Epigeneium spp. live 501 200 100 801 Eria spp. live 5 6 92 149 38 100 390 Eria ornata live 100 100 Eria thwaitesii live 100 100 Eulophia spp. live 5 16 103 124 Gastrochilus spp. live 204 204 Gastrochilus acaulis live 20 30 50 Gastrochilus obliquus live 25 30 55 Geodorum siamense live 201 201 Habenaria rhodocheila live 1 20 4000 4021 Holcoglossum subulifolium live 222 10 232 Hygrochilus parishii live 1 200 1 20 222 Liparis spp. live 2 10 204 3 219 Listera spp. live 100 100 Luisia spp. live 21 100 121 Oberonia spp. live 1 42 10 225 100 378 Oberonia dalatensis live 25 60 85 Oberonia langbianensis live 25 30 55 Oeceoclades spp. live 100 100 Ornithochilus difformis live 1 1 6 45 53 Otochilus fuscus live 1 1 1 565 20 588 Papilionanthe spp. live 2 880 380 1262 Papilionanthe pedunculata live 150 10 50 100 310 Papilionanthe teres live 200 200 Pecteilis susannae live 101 101 Phaius spp. live 5 134 18 157 Phaius flavus live 60 60 Phaius tankervilleae live 100 100 Phalaenopsis spp. live 5 6 160 477 15 100 763 Phalaenopsis amabilis live 300 300 Phalaenopsis aphrodite live 50 50 Phalaenopsis chibae live 15 60 75 Phalaenopsis mannii live 115 10 125 Phalaenopsis pulcherrima live 50 6 15 71 Pholidota spp. live 1 65 278 344 Pholidota articulata live 10 35 20 65 Pholidota imbricata live 200 15 10 225 Pteroceras spp. live 502 450 100 1052 Pteroceras semiteretifolium live 100 30 30 160 Pteroceras teres live 1 300 30 331 Renanthera spp. live 20 202 100 322 Renanthera annamensis live 275 1860 2135 Renanthera coccinea live 202 790 30 1022 Rhynchostylis spp. live 5 6 144 7224 1 7380 Rhynchostylis coelestis live 50 1000 1050 Rhynchostylis gigantea live 600 80 680 Rhynchostylis retusa live 50 50 Saccolabium spp. live 1 6 50 12 25 94 Sarcanthus spp. live 1 5 64 15 20 105 Schoenorchis spp. live 1 3 54 44 102

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 39 Taxon Term Unit 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 TOTAL Schoenorchis gemmata live 20 36 110 166 Sobralia spp. live 100 100 Spathoglottis spp. live 5 40 4 25 74 Staurochilus fasciatus live 1 3 35 50 10 99 Thrixspermum spp. live 2 4 30 18 54 Thrixspermum centipeda live 30 50 80 Thunia alba live 100 100 Thunia alba var. bracteata live 50 50 Trias nana live 100 100 Trichoglottis spp. live 2 4 29 33 1 69 Uncifera dalatensis live 301 640 941 Vanda spp. live 5 526 69 25 625 Vanda denisoniana live 150 1 16 80 50 297 Vanda lilacina live 212 30 242 Vanda pumila live 1 50 250 301 Vandopsis spp. live 4 574 5 1 584

TOTAL for Orchidaceae spp. live and dried 332 828 7642 77074 25382 24640 45201 33788 214887 plants (no units)

TOTAL for Orchidaceae spp. dried plants, roots 28175 5000 24500 115000 92000 58000 49500 34000 406175 and derivatives (kg)

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 40 Figure 2: Gross exports of live Dendrobium draconis from Viet Nam and Thailand

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

Thailand 2500 Viet Nam

2000 No. of live specimens live of No.

1500

1000

500

0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Figure 3: Gross exports of Dendrobium nobile from Viet Nam and Thailand

Thailand (live plants) 14000 80000

12000 70000 Viet Nam 60000 (live plants) 10000 50000 8000 40000 Viet Nam 6000 (dried plants 30000 and roots in

No. of live plants 4000 kg) 20000 dried plants and roots (kg) 2000 10000

0 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 41 Figure 4: Gross exports of live Dendrobium secundum from Viet Nam and Thailand

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

Thailand 5000 Viet Nam

No. of live plants 4000

3000

2000

1000

0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 42 SECTION 3: RECORDED GROSS LEVEL OF EXPORTS FOR APPENDIX-II PLANT SPECIES 1992-2002 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 AMARYLLIDACEAE Galanthus spp. live 53805 0 1500 1050 0 100 0000150 Galanthus alpinus live 0000000002055 Galanthus alpinus var. alpinus live 0000000002052 Galanthus elwesii live 10993166 11662100 14780738 4075649 4030668 5537200 5500000 5500000 5500000 5361900 5871530 Galanthus kemulariae live 000000000015 Galanthus ketzhovelii live 000000000010 Galanthus krasnovii live 000000000209 Galanthus lagodechianus live 000000000209 Galanthus nivalis live 200000 127300 223825 300 0 0 1325 210 0 0 0 Galanthus nivalis live kg 0000000040.5 0 0 Galanthus platyphyllus live 0000000002015 Galanthus plicatus live kg 000000005600 Galanthus rizehensis live 000000000200 Galanthus schaoricus live 000000000010 Galanthus woronowii live 2278275 1894500 1925000 292400 10000000 10918908 12000000 11614915 15090000 2930950 24000285 Sternbergia spp. live 145600 90220 115850 50546 51400 10000 1550 0000 Sternbergia clusiana live 1500 0000000000 Sternbergia fischeriana live 000000000250 Sternbergia lutea live 873514 684270 749320 235410 808700 1753055 349830 0 7375 1265 0 APOCYNACEAE Pachypodium spp. live 18 214 42 71 5 49 16 357 0 125 5 Pachypodium ambongense live 32 61 104 16 0000000 Pachypodium baronii live 000000100000 Pachypodium bispinosum live 00000300300200160150300 Pachypodium brevicaule live 0 0 0 55 7 292 41 102 203 470 0 Pachypodium densiflorum live 42 75 278 97 9 68 24 106 37 215 3 Pachypodium geayi live 0 11 0 11 1 31 2 100 0 9 0 Pachypodium horomboense live 4 44 16 84 5 18 26 67 25 5 0 Pachypodium lamerei live 0 8 15 23 50 36 2 61 2 105 4 Pachypodium lealii live 00000200000 Pachypodium namaquanum live 0 0 200 0 31 000000 Pachypodium rosulatum live 51 171 298 164 37 147 60 114 101 54 5 Pachypodium rutenbergianum live 5 121 10 25 2 14 0 11 21 31 0 Pachypodium rutenbergianum var. meridionale live 0000010002510 Pachypodium sofiense live 3 8 22 4 7 30 22 79 12 3 0 Pachypodium succulentum live 000006010030100100450 Rauvolfia serpentina live 0000000000186 ARALIACEAE Panax quinquefolius live 000000014000 Panax quinquefolius roots 560 000000802000 Panax quinquefolius roots kg 69157 58585 63756 54278 53715 50444 32016 33687 39695 26062 39430 BERBERIDACEAE Podophyllum hexandrum seeds 000000030000 Podophyllum hexandrum derivatives kg 00000010000 0000 Podophyllum hexandrum dried plants kg 000000057016000 15487 0 Podophyllum hexandrum roots kg 000000057016000 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 43 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 CACTACEAE Cactaceae spp. live flasks 1290 0000000000 Cactaceae spp. stems 0 0 7747 7540 0 0 475 8417 5854 0 1 Cactaceae spp. timber 0 0 2414 0 0 3184 00000 Cactaceae spp. live 350 95 23781 10188 117 566 273 40 53 100 0 Cactaceae spp. timber pieces 0 101664 0 0 93 5631 559 2 1 10 0 Acanthocereus horridus live 00100000000 Acanthocereus tetragonus live 00021000000 Ariocarpus agavoides live 0 0 240 00000000 Ariocarpus fissuratus live 0 0 0 275 0000000 Ariocarpus retusus live 00000000030 Armatocereus spp. live 00000300000 Armatocereus mataranus live 00002200000 Armatocereus matucanensis live 00002000000 Armatocereus oligogonus live 00003200000 Armatocereus procerus live 00003000000 Armatocereus rauhii live 00003000000 Armatocereus rauhii ssp. balsasensis live 000002000100 Astrophytum spp. live 0 0 1 18 0000000 Astrophytum capricorne live 00009000000 Astrophytum myriostigma live 000020001100 Astrophytum ornatum live 0 0 0 50 20000100 Austrocactus bertinii live 90000000000 Aztekium hintonii live 000000004600 Blossfeldia liliputana live 0 0 10 00000000 Browningia spp. live 20000000010 Browningia candelaris live 00001000000 Browningia chlorocarpa live 00003000000 Browningia pilleifera live 00000200000 Calymmanthium substerile live 00003000000 Carnegiea gigantea live 140 46 109 66 44 0 38 0 10 0 0 Carnegiea gigantea timber 9 12 64000 101651 0 115455 60094 52300 30000 120000 135500 Carnegiea gigantea timber m3 0 33 0 190 48 40 2 74 74 0 98 Carnegiea gigantea timber pieces 0 0 64000 101651 0 170040 30000 13 10 0 0 Carnegiea gigantea timber kg 0000003500 0 0 0 19560 Carnegiea gigantea timber pieces kg 00000016500 0000 Cephalocereus spp. live 05501000000 Cereus spp. live 2 15 26 40600200 Cereus aethiops live 00002400000 Cereus argentinensis live 00000400000 Cereus fernambucensis live 19 3000000000 Cereus spegazzinii live 00000300000 Cereus validus live 000002000100 Cleistocactus spp. live 00024500000 Cleistocactus baumannii live 20000000000 Cleistocactus fieldianus live 00004000000 Cleistocactus fieldianus ssp. samnensis live 00000200000 Cleistocactus hyalacanthus live 00000400000 Cleistocactus plagiostoma live 00000000010 Copiapoa spp. live 00008000005 Copiapoa bridgesii live 00005000000 Copiapoa calderana ssp. calderana live 00009004000 Copiapoa calderana ssp. longistaminea live 00004000000 Copiapoa cinerascens live 00008000001 Copiapoa cinerea live 00008001000 Copiapoa cinerea ssp. cinerea live 00005000001 Copiapoa cinerea ssp. haseltoniana live 00009000001

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 44 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Copiapoa cinerea ssp. krainziana live 00004000000 Copiapoa coquimbana live 000012000000 Copiapoa desertorum live 00004200000 Copiapoa echinoides live 00003301001 Copiapoa fiedleriana live 000018000000 Copiapoa hornilloensis live 00000004000 Copiapoa humilis live 000625006000 Copiapoa hypogaea live 00000000001 Copiapoa laui live 00000001000 Copiapoa malletiana live 00006001000 Copiapoa marginata live 00007000000 Copiapoa megarhiza live 00005000000 Copiapoa montana ssp. montana live 00004000000 Copiapoa rupestris live 0 0 0 60 5000000 Copiapoa serpentisulcata live 000010000000 Copiapoa solaris live 00005000000 Copiapoa tocopillana live 00000300000 Copiapoa varispinata live 00000004000 Corryocactus spp. live 00100000000 Corryocactus ayacuchoensis live 00100000000 Corryocactus ayopayanus live 00100000000 Corryocactus chachapoyensis live 00000200000 Corryocactus squarrosus live 00100000000 Corryocactus tarijensis live 00300000000 Coryphantha spp. live 0 0 30 1 64 000000 Coryphantha compacta live 00100000000 Coryphantha cornifera live 00000000200 Coryphantha macromeris live 000050000000 Coryphantha octacantha live 000100000020 Dendrocereus spp. live 00004000000 Disocactus spp. live 12 0070100000 Disocactus flagelliformis live 04000000000 Disocactus martianus live 31000000000 Disocactus schrankii live 01000000000 Echinocactus grusonii live 00000045000100 Echinocactus horizonthalonius live 0 0 0 98 100 150 64 0 15 150 0 Echinocactus polycephalus live 0 0 0 52 52 26 90000 Echinocereus spp. live 9 14 21 13 94 000000 Echinocereus spp. stems 00000040000 Echinocereus dasyacanthus live 00001000200000 Echinocereus engelmannii live 11 35 12 1 70 1 12 0 0 0 50 Echinocereus fendleri live 000001200000 Echinocereus knippelianus live 00088000000 Echinocereus laui live 0 0 0 14 0000000 Echinocereus nicholii live 0000208100000 Echinocereus palmeri live 0 0 0 14 39 000000 Echinocereus pectinatus live 13 0 40 56 100 00051000 Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus live 00006000000 Echinocereus reichenbachii live 000050000000 Echinocereus rigidissimus live 0004014500000 Echinocereus scheeri live 11 13 000000000 Echinocereus stoloniferus ssp. tayopensis live 00002000000 Echinocereus stramineus live 0 0 17 40 100 0 11 0 0 50 0 Echinocereus triglochidiatus live 1 75 0000130000 Echinocereus viridiflorus live 000050000000 Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus live 000000130000 Echinopsis spp. live 0 13 3000 5 27 0 0 0 500 1864 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 45 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Echinopsis spp. timber 1400 0000000500 Echinopsis spp. timber pieces 00002992 0 0 810 0 600 0 Echinopsis spp. stems 0000001409201800 34982 7890 Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas live 000000000020 Echinopsis chamaecereus live 000000003000 Echinopsis chiloensis timber 0 15134 81570 87234 39791 19435 00000 Echinopsis chiloensis live 0 0 0 1664 10 378 115 181 19371 0 3900 Echinopsis chiloensis stems 0 2200 3787 2768 20218 25581 44857 31374 7113 10686 39185 Echinopsis chiloensis timber pieces 0 0 250 0 2749 276 174 15 0 5812 0 Echinopsis cinnabarina live 00100000000 Echinopsis coquimbana live 00000000001 Echinopsis cuzcoensis stems 000001050 3000 0 0 950 0 Echinopsis ferox live 14 4000000000 Echinopsis glauca live 000000002030 Echinopsis lageniformis live 00000000400 Echinopsis lateritia live 16 0000000000 Echinopsis maximiliana live 02400000000 Echinopsis pachanoi live 000000006030 Echinopsis pachanoi stems 00000001100 0 2232 1910 Echinopsis peruviana live 000030000080 Echinopsis peruviana stems 00000000051028810 Echinopsis peruviana ssp. puquiensis stems 0000015004757502630 1498 Echinopsis santaensis live 000001600000 Echinopsis thionantha live 010012000000 Echinopsis/eulychnia spp. live 000000830000 Echinopsis/eulychnia spp. stems 00001084 760 0 235041 282554 88733 0 Epiphyllum spp. live 051054120000 Epiphyllum caudatum live 40000000000 Epiphyllum hookeri live 00000002000 Epiphyllum phyllanthus live 10 2000000400 Epithelantha micromeris live 00079000000 Eriosyce spp. live 100 0 0 0 14 000004 Eriosyce aurata live 00001000000 Eriosyce confinis live 00004000000 Eriosyce crispa ssp. crispa live 30000000000 Eriosyce curvispina live 90000000000 Eriosyce esmeraldana live 00004000000 Eriosyce heinrichiana live 20007000000 Eriosyce heinrichiana ssp. intermedia live 20000000000 Eriosyce krausii live 00004000000 Eriosyce kunzei live 19 0 0 14 3000000 Eriosyce napina live 0 0 0 80 0000001 Eriosyce napina ssp. napina live 00003000000 Eriosyce odieri ssp. glabrescens live 0 0 0 30 0000000 Eriosyce odieri ssp. odieri live 3 0 0 80 5000000 Eriosyce rodentiophila live 00001000000 Eriosyce senilis live 30000000000 Eriosyce subgibbosa live 000010000000 Eriosyce subgibbosa ssp. clavata live 5 0 0 10 22 3 74 0000 Eriosyce subgibbosa ssp. subgibbosa live 20000000000 Eriosyce taltalensis live 00006000000 Eriosyce taltalensis ssp. echinus live 00002000000 Eriosyce taltalensis ssp. paucicostata live 00005000000 Eriosyce taltalensis ssp. pilispina live 20000000000 Eriosyce taltalensis ssp. taltalensis live 00004000000 Eriosyce villosa live 00005000000 Escobaria spp. live 000014000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 46 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Escobaria tuberculosa live 000050020000 Escobaria vivipara live 000050000000 Espostoa spp. live 00000800000 Espostoa blossfeldiorum live 000020000100 Espostoa guentheri live 000000000100 Espostoa lanata live 000000000100 Espostoa melanostele live 00002000000 Espostoa mirabilis live 00002200000 Eulychnia spp. stems 00000001000 Eulychnia spp. timber 00001878 000000 Eulychnia spp. timber pieces 000012473 000000 Eulychnia acida stems kg 00000000080077 Eulychnia acida timber 0 5600 9285 223878 348882 178185 00000 Eulychnia acida timber pieces 0 0 0 1050 35088 114 93 10 0 12034 0 Eulychnia acida live 0 0 0 6058 6698 818 637 4767 165111 1525 0 Eulychnia acida stems 0 0 11630 108849 78857 85868 215128 114331 89494 59536 152171 Eulychnia breviflora live 00036000000 Eulychnia breviflora stems 000001200 00000 Eulychnia breviflora timber pieces 0 0 250 6 4900 0 1000 0000 Eulychnia breviflora timber 0 6934 66961 12614 100 000000 Eulychnia castanea live 00002000000 Eulychnia iquiquensis live 00006000000 Ferocactus spp. live 2 7 18 10 6 3 50 0000 Ferocactus cylindraceus live 3 72 90 56 147 301 126 0 0 0 240 Ferocactus emoryi live 13 00000130000 Ferocactus emoryi ssp. emoryi live 38 0500000000 Ferocactus latispinus live 00004000000 Ferocactus townsendianus live 0 10 000000000 Ferocactus wislizeni live 60 7 41 3 97 0 64 0000 Frailea spp. live 2 2 0 26 0000000 Frailea cataphracta live 0 0 0 18 0000000 Frailea schilinzkyana live 0 0 0 12 0000000 Geohintonia mexicana live 000000002400 Gymnocalycium spp. live 33 0 33 29 0000000 Gymnocalycium baldianum live 000018000000 Gymnocalycium bruchii live 000000015000 Gymnocalycium calochlorum live 000004012000 Gymnocalycium gibbosum live 000000010000 Gymnocalycium hossei live 00000009000 Gymnocalycium marsoneri live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Gymnocalycium mihanovichii live 2 0 0 122 000010000 Gymnocalycium monvillei live 00000307000 Gymnocalycium pflanzii live 0 0 0 18 0000000 Gymnocalycium quehlianum live 00000007000 Gymnocalycium ragonesei live 00000008000 Gymnocalycium saglionis live 000000013000 Gymnocalycium schroederianum live 00080000000 Gymnocalycium schroederianum ssp. paucicostatum live 000002200000 Haageocereus spp. live 00000200000 Haageocereus acranthus live 00003000000 Haageocereus acranthus ssp. acranthus live 000042000000 Haageocereus pacalaensis live 00007000000 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele live 00007000000 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele ssp. aureispinus live 000030001000 Haageocereus pseudoversicolor live 00000200000 Haageocereus tenuis live 00005000000 Haageocereus versicolor live 00003500000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 47 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Haageocereus zangalensis live 00000200000 x Haagespostoa climaxantha live 00002000000 Harrisia spp. live 13 17 040000000 Harrisia brookii live 00100000000 Harrisia divaricata live 00047000000 Harrisia gracilis live 00021000000 Harrisia nashii live 00030000000 Harrisia tetracantha live 04000000000 Hatiora rosea live 00000000001 Hylocereus spp. live 702301000000 Hylocereus costaricensis live 00000200000 Hylocereus lemairei live 00004000000 Hylocereus triangularis live 00010000000 Hylocereus undatus live 0000001120 0000 Lasiocereus rupicola live 00000200000 Lepismium spp. live 00000000030 Lepismium cruciforme live 02000000000 Lepismium lumbricoides live 00000500000 Lepismium warmingianum live 00000500000 Leptocereus spp. live 00020000000 Leptocereus paniculatus live 00044000000 Leptocereus paniculatus stems kg 00000000000 Leptocereus weingartianus live 0 0 0 12 6000000 Lophophora williamsii live 0 0 0 18 0000200 Maihuenia patagonica live 12 0009000000 Maihuenia poeppigii live 000600012000 Mammillaria spp. live 11 43 200 380 450 000100 Mammillaria albilanata live 20000000000 Mammillaria beneckei live 30000000000 Mammillaria deherdtiana live 20000000000 Mammillaria densispina live 00061000000 Mammillaria elongata live 00011000000 Mammillaria formosa live 00020000000 Mammillaria formosa ssp. chionocephala live 00030000000 Mammillaria grahamii live 0 0 22 00000000 Mammillaria grusonii live 00010000000 Mammillaria haageana ssp. elegans live 22016000000 Mammillaria heidiae live 00070000000 Mammillaria humboldtii live 000070004000 Mammillaria karwinskiana ssp. collinsii live 20000000000 Mammillaria lasiacantha ssp. egregia live 0 0 0 22 28 000000 Mammillaria lasiacantha ssp. magallanii live 0 0 0 15 0000000 Mammillaria longiflora live 000020000000 Mammillaria moelleriana live 000051000000 Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii live 00030000000 Mammillaria polythele ssp. durispina live 00020000000 Mammillaria pottsii live 00003000000 Mammillaria prolifera live 00060000000 Mammillaria prolifera ssp. texana live 00020000000 Mammillaria rekoi live 21000000000 Mammillaria rhodantha live 05000000000 Mammillaria saboae live 0 0 0 35 20 000000 Mammillaria saboae ssp. haudeana live 000094000000 Mammillaria senilis live 0 0 0 14 23 000000 Mammillaria supertexta live 40000000000 Mammillaria wrightii live 000000000040 Mammillaria wrightii ssp. wilcoxii live 0 0 0 15 21 000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 48 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Mammilloydia candida live 00020000000 Matucana spp. live 00003000000 Matucana aurantiaca live 00000400000 Matucana aureiflora live 00000200000 Matucana formosa live 00000200000 Matucana haynei ssp. haynei live 00002000050 Matucana haynei ssp. herzogiana live 00002000000 Matucana madisoniorum live 00000000050 Melocactus spp. live 0 6500 021400000 Melocactus bellavistensis live 00003000000 Melocactus intortus live 00040000000 Melocactus lemairei live 00044000000 Melocactus peruvianus live 00002000030 Micranthocereus purpureus live 00800000000 Mila caespitosa live 00106000000 Mila nealeana live 00002000000 Mila pugionifera live 00002000000 Myrtillocactus cochal live 10 0000000000 Neobuxbaumia spp. live 00200000000 Neobuxbaumia polylopha live 00003000000 Neolloydia spp. live 00009000000 Neolloydia conoidea live 00030000000 Neoraimondia spp. live 00000200000 Neoraimondia arequipensis live 00004200000 Neoraimondia herzogiana live 00200000000 Neowerdermannia chilensis live 00000500000 Neowerdermannia vorwerkii live 001011000000 Opuntia spp. live 13 16 57 8 32 39 32001 Opuntia spp. timber 0000020090000 Opuntia spp. timber kg 000001258 00000 Opuntia spp. timber pieces 000000002000 0 0 Opuntia spp. stems 000000002400 700 0 Opuntia acanthocarpa live 0050500000050 Opuntia acanthocarpa timber 0 9 10000 00000000 Opuntia acaulis live 00020000000 Opuntia antillana live 00040000000 Opuntia arbuscula live 000050000000 Opuntia articulata live 000019000000 Opuntia atacamensis live 00000005000 Opuntia basilaris live 00000010000 Opuntia bigelovii timber m3 000000030000 Opuntia bigelovii live 5 0 10005 3 20 010000 Opuntia bigelovii timber 0 9 10000 00000000 Opuntia bigelovii stems kg 000000000435000 2545 Opuntia bigelovii timber kg 000000004019 0 150 Opuntia bigelovii timber pieces 0000000175184 0 0 0 Opuntia bigelovii timber pieces kg 00000000170000 0 0 Opuntia brasiliensis live 00006000000 Opuntia caribaea live 00022000000 Opuntia chlorotica live 00010000000 Opuntia cholla live 0000000053600 Opuntia cholla stems 0 0 150 0000095700 Opuntia cholla timber m3 000000010000 Opuntia cholla timber kg 0 0 150 00000000 Opuntia clavarioides live 000014000000 Opuntia colorea live 00000002000 Opuntia conoidea live 00000001000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 49 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Opuntia domeykoensis live 00004000000 Opuntia echinocarpa live 100050010000 Opuntia ekmanii live 00020000000 Opuntia erinacea live 00000010000 Opuntia falcata live 00050000000 Opuntia ficus-indica live 0 0 0 1000 0000000 Opuntia floccosa live 00003000000 Opuntia fulgida live 15 0 23 0 1200 000000 Opuntia fulgida stems kg 00000000010 Opuntia fulgida timber 15 9 0 120167 29235 3620 5893 0000 Opuntia fulgida timber pieces 0 0 0 2700 1100 6550 12 0 600 0 0 Opuntia fulgida stems 00000000352442 2527 Opuntia fulgida timber kg 00000004000 0 0 35 Opuntia ignescens live 00000104000 Opuntia imbricata timber kg 3200 0000000000 Opuntia imbricata stems kg 000000008000 34776 16000 Opuntia jamaicensis live 00030000000 Opuntia leptocaulis live 20800000000 Opuntia llanos-de-huanta live 00000003000 Opuntia macrorhiza live 00000005000 Opuntia microdasys live 000000003000 Opuntia millspaughii live 07000000000 Opuntia miquelii live 00003003000 Opuntia moniliformis live 00024000000 Opuntia ovata live 00000200000 Opuntia pachypus live 00003000000 Opuntia polyacantha live 00000002000 Opuntia punta-caillan live 00003000000 Opuntia quitensis live 00002000000 Opuntia ramosissima live 00000010000 Opuntia rosea stems 000000000120 Opuntia sanguinea live 00010000000 Opuntia santa-rita live 50000000000 Opuntia sphaerica live 000011000000 Opuntia spinosissima live 00021000000 Opuntia subulata live 00003000000 Opuntia subulata stems 00000000024250 0 Opuntia taylorii live 00050000000 Opuntia tuna live 00030000000 Opuntia tunicata live 00000001000 Opuntia versicolor live 005050000000 Oreocereus hempelianus live 00000200000 Oreocereus trollii live 00100000000 Oroya peruviana live 000000000100 Pachycereus spp. live 00600000000 Pachycereus grandis stems 00000000500 Pachycereus marginatus live 00700000000 Pachycereus marginatus stems 00000000500 Pachycereus pringlei live 10 0100000000 Pachycereus pringlei stems 00000000500 Pachycereus pringlei stems kg 000000080000 Pachycereus pringlei timber kg 0000000100000 Pachycereus schottii live 29 0000000000 Pachycereus weberi stems 00000000500 Parodia maassii live 0 0 12 00000050 Parodia mammulosa ssp. submammulosa live 000014000000 Parodia schwebsiana live 00000000050

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 50 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Peniocereus spp. live 00100000000 Peniocereus hirschtianus live 00000200000 Pereskia spp. live 00020100000 Pereskia portulacifolia live 00058000000 Pereskia quisqueyana live 00028000000 Pilosocereus spp. live 01030000000 Pilosocereus aureispinus live 00000300000 Pilosocereus brasiliensis live 00000500000 Pilosocereus magnificus live 00000300000 Pilosocereus polygonus live 00023000000 Pilosocereus royenii live 00030000000 Pilosocereus ulei live 00000400000 Praecereus euchlorus ssp. amazonicus live 00006000000 Praecereus euchlorus ssp. diffusus live 00002400000 Praecereus euchlorus ssp. jaenensis live 00003000000 Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa live 00020000000 Pterocactus spp. live 57 0000000000 Pterocactus tuberosus live 000029000000 Rauhocereus riosaniensis live 00002000000 Rebutia spp. live 0 0 51 10000000 Rebutia fiebrigii live 00000000050 Rebutia heliosa live 000000000100 Rebutia steinbachii live 000000000200 Rhipsalis spp. live 50036705000 Rhipsalis baccifera live 20000200400 Rhipsalis baccifera ssp. horrida live 00020010000 Rhipsalis baccifera ssp. mauritiana live 00000000003 Rhipsalis cereuscula live 02000000000 Rhipsalis floccosa ssp. tucumanensis live 00007000000 Rhipsalis puniceodiscus live 00500000000 Sclerocactus spp. live 004645000000 Sclerocactus intertextus live 000050000000 Sclerocactus johnsonii live 000050000000 Sclerocactus uncinatus live 000050050000 Sclerocactus uncinatus ssp. uncinatus live 00020000000 Sclerocactus uncinatus ssp. wrightii live 000000300000 Sclerocactus unguispinus live 00004000000 Selenicereus spp. live 12 0020003000 Selenicereus chontalensis live 40000000000 Selenicereus grandiflorus live 32010000000 Selenicereus megalanthus live 00000000400 Selenicereus testudo live 00000003000 Selenicereus wercklei live 00000200000 Stenocactus spp. live 0 0 22 990002800 Stenocactus multicostatus live 00020000000 Stenocereus spp. live 02000000000 Stenocereus alamosensis live 10 0000000000 Stenocereus eruca stems 00000000077 Stenocereus fimbriatus live 00042000000 Stenocereus gummosus live 17 2000000006 Stenocereus queretaroensis live 04800000000 Stenocereus thurberi live 10 0000000000 Stenocereus thurberi timber kg 000000015000 0 0 0 Thelocactus spp. live 0 0 10 23 17 000000 Thelocactus bicolor live 00040000000 Thelocactus heterochromus live 00050000000 Thelocactus hexaedrophorus live 00005000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 51 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Turbinicarpus spp. live 0000000011600 Turbinicarpus beguinii live 00050000000 Turbinicarpus knuthianus live 00070000000 Turbinicarpus viereckii live 00030000000 Weberbauerocereus spp. live 00000100000 Weberbauerocereus johnsonii live 00000200000 Weberbauerocereus winterianus live 00000000020 Weberocereus spp. live 00000200000 Weberocereus biolleyi live 00000200000 Weberocereus bradei live 00000200000 Weberocereus glaber live 40000000000 Weberocereus imitans live 00000200000 Weberocereus tonduzii live 00100000000 CYATHEACEAE Cyathea spp. dried plants m3 8 22 0 0 84 173 0 115 0 0 0 Cyathea spp. live 0 1 9 289 24 9 67 31 0 512 0 Cyathea spp. specimens 03000000000 Cyathea spp. dried plants kg 0 0 10000 00009008751826 Cyathea spp. live kg 30000 0000000000 Cyathea spp. timber 0 73174 11305 147443 71710 000000 Cyathea spp. timber kg 0 39850 000000000 Cyathea spp. timber shipment 0 19760 000000000 Cyathea spp. dried plants 0 61 55 18 24 14 0 316 942 1703 0 Cyathea aeneifolia dried plants 00000004000 Cyathea appendiculata dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea approximata dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea arborea dried plants m3 0 8 18 0 0 127 48 65 103 79 17 Cyathea arborea live 04000000000 Cyathea arborea timber m3 13 0000000000 Cyathea archboldii dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea arfakensis dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea atrox dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea atrox live 01000000000 Cyathea australis dried plants 000000950000 Cyathea australis live 100002585209180519576 Cyathea batjanensis dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea bellisquamata var. basilobata dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea bicrenata live 00000200000 Cyathea biformis dried plants 00000013000 Cyathea borbonica dried plants 00000002060 Cyathea borbonica live 00000100000 Cyathea borbonica var. laevigata dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea brownii live 000000000100 Cyathea celebica dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea cincinnata live 01000000000 Cyathea contaminans dried plants 000038897 0 89264 0000 Cyathea contaminans live 00300094700 0000 Cyathea contaminans timber 000061300 307462 313986 405788 52251 0 0 Cyathea contaminans timber kg 000000000997529 0 Cyathea contaminans timber shipment 000000170220 147638 0 0 0 Cyathea cooperi live 0000013000100 Cyathea costalisora dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea cunninghamii dried plants 00000000130 Cyathea cunninghamii live 0000043775251885 1319 3060 Cyathea cunninghamii timber 0000005000067456 0 Cyathea dealbata dried plants 0000192010000 Cyathea dealbata timber 0000001950000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 52 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cyathea dealbata live 0 0 0 15 100 18 668 685 948 566 4256 Cyathea decrescens dried plants 00000002040 Cyathea decrescens live 00010000000 Cyathea decrescens var. hirsutifolia dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea delgadii live 00000200030 Cyathea dicksonioides live 01000000000 Cyathea divergens live 00000000020 Cyathea dregei dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea dregei live 0000600480000 Cyathea foersteri dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea foersteri live 01000000000 Cyathea fugax dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea fugax live 01000000000 Cyathea fulgens dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea fulgens dried plants kg 00000001000 Cyathea fulva live 00000200000 Cyathea fusca dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea geluensis dried plants 00000004000 Cyathea glauca live 33620 0000000000 Cyathea glauca live shipment 49700 0000000000 Cyathea glauca timber 1000 22980 000000000 Cyathea glauca timber shipment 0 21700 000000000 Cyathea gleichenioides dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea gleichenioides live 01000000000 Cyathea hildebrandtii dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea hooglandii live 01000000000 Cyathea hornei dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea imbricata dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea imrayana live 00000200000 Cyathea insignis live 00000200000 Cyathea klossii dried plants 000000020000 Cyathea latebrosa dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea latebrosa timber 0 1895 000000000 Cyathea ledermannii dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea lepidoclada dried plants 00000004000 Cyathea lepidoclada live 01000000000 Cyathea lepifera live 118021 6 0 0 15 0 10195 3000 Cyathea lepifera live shipment 17944 0000000000 Cyathea lepifera timber 187725 200671 43558 122064 47640 21510 0 28174 0 0 0 Cyathea lepifera timber kg 2010 26600 000000000 Cyathea lepifera timber shipment 0 30850 0 0 18 000000 Cyathea longipinnata dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea macgillivrayi dried plants 000000010000 Cyathea macgregorii dried plants 00000006000 Cyathea macrophylla dried plants 00000003000 Cyathea magna dried plants 00000008000 Cyathea marattioides dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea medullaris dried plants 0000240100101200 Cyathea medullaris timber 5000003856000 Cyathea medullaris live 0004100456218878405014391 Cyathea melleri dried plants 00000001040 Cyathea microdonta live 00000200000 Cyathea microphylloides dried plants 00000005000 Cyathea minor dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea minor dried plants kg 00000001000 Cyathea moluccana live 00000080000 Cyathea muelleri dried plants 00000005000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 53 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cyathea nigrolineata dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea orthogonalis dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea pachyrrhachis dried plants 00000003000 Cyathea papuana dried plants 00000003000 Cyathea parva dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea parvula live 00000200000 Cyathea percrassa dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea percrassa live 01000000000 Cyathea perpelvigera dried plants 00000008000 Cyathea pilulifera dried plants 00000006000 Cyathea pinnula live 00000200000 Cyathea poeppigii live 00000000030 Cyathea procera dried plants 00000005000 Cyathea pruinosa dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea pseudomuelleri dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea pulcherrima dried plants 00000005000 Cyathea pycnoneura dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea rigens dried plants 00000003000 Cyathea rubiginosa dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea runensis dried plants 00000003000 Cyathea schiediana live 00000200000 Cyathea semiamplectens dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea smithii dried plants 0 72 17 0 168 000000 Cyathea smithii timber 0 72 00001800000 Cyathea smithii live 0 56 0 81 100 15 535 348 543 1062 4115 Cyathea subtripinnata live 01000000000 Cyathea suprastrigosa live 00000200000 Cyathea tomentosa dried plants 00000004000 Cyathea tomentosissima dried plants 00000005000 Cyathea tomentosissima live 000000000100 Cyathea tripinnatifida dried plants 00000002000 Cyathea tsaratananensis dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea viguieri dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea womersleyi dried plants 00000001000 Cyathea zakamenensis dried plants 00000001000 CYCADACEAE Cycadaceae spp. live 00020050002085 Cycas spp. dried plants 00003301006800 Cycas spp. live 3 0 39 16 10246040 Cycas angulata dried plants 00004000000 Cycas calcicola live 00000000700 Cycas chevalieri dried plants 00000050000 Cycas circinalis dried plants 000070000000 Cycas circinalis live 12 03600401800 Cycas furfuracea dried plants 00003000000 Cycas furfuracea stems 00000200000 Cycas hainanensis live 00002000000 Cycas lane-poolei dried plants 00001000000 Cycas lindstromii dried plants 00000050000 Cycas macrocarpa dried plants 000000001800 Cycas macrocarpa live 000000001800 Cycas media dried plants 000018000000 Cycas media live 01000100500520 Cycas media stems 000000006300 Cycas megacarpa live 00000000040 Cycas micholitzii dried plants 00000050900 Cycas micholitzii live 0 0 99 30 0040900

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 54 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cycas ophiolitica live 0000000001845 Cycas ophiolitica stems 000000005100 Cycas pectinata dried plants 000000502600 Cycas pectinata live 0 0 433 184 20 0 0 45 26 0 13 Cycas revoluta live 200 00054000 500 322 30840 56790 50040 Cycas revoluta live kg 0000029960 7500 0 13789 10338 0 Cycas revoluta stems 0000010182000 Cycas rumphii dried plants 0000700018000 Cycas rumphii live 0 1 15 80000030 Cycas siamensis dried plants 000000001700 Cycas siamensis live 6 0 304 69 73 0 0 4 76 30 35 Cycas simplicipinna live 000000010000 Cycas taiwaniana dried plants 00000050000 Cycas thouarsii live 1 3 0 100 400 126 206 20 0 0 0 DICKSONIACEAE Cibotium barometz derivatives 00000001200 0 0 0 Cibotium barometz derivatives kg 0 0 31000 4000 0 0 0 19 505 6635 7993 Cibotium barometz live 000000720027050 Cibotium barometz derivatives flasks 000000240010000 423 0 Cibotium barometz derivatives shipment 00000010363 1910 1696 2389 0 Cibotium barometz roots kg 0 4000 38000 328000 53000 12000 43000 213000 185000 153000 137398 Dicksonia spp. dried plants 0000014100 10570 0 0 255 0 Dicksonia spp. live 0 1 0 150 1 0 3 77 0 0 0 Dicksonia spp. timber 00001000000 Dicksonia archboldii dried plants 00000001000 Dicksonia blumei dried plants 000000013000 Dicksonia gigantea dried plants 00000003000 Dicksonia gigantea live 00000200000 Dicksonia sciurus dried plants 00000001000 Dicksonia sellowiana dried plants litre 0 0 10 00000000 Dicksonia sellowiana extract m3 90000000000 Dicksonia sellowiana specimens 00000200000 Dicksonia sellowiana timber m3 0 0 35 00000000 Dicksonia sellowiana carving 6500 8500 000000000 Dicksonia sellowiana dried plants 37526 20250 1204 0 0 14421 18127 4200 0 0 0 Dicksonia sellowiana flowers 0 3300 000000000 Dicksonia sellowiana live 400 3870 50 50 0000000 Dicksonia sellowiana timber 5446 3782 1700 00000000 Dicksonia sellowiana dried plants m3 0 53 20 0 0 0 5241 0000 DIDIEREACEAE Didiereaceae spp. live 35 0000004000 Alluaudia spp. live 6 100 4 13 0100000 Alluaudia ascendens live 40 31 7 4 13 0 980 0400 Alluaudia comosa dried plants 10010400000 Alluaudia comosa live 4 6 0 31 10 424750 Alluaudia dumosa dried plants 00010000000 Alluaudia dumosa live 2 9 0 28 0403500 Alluaudia humbertii dried plants 00000000020 Alluaudia humbertii live 1 3 20 50230200 Alluaudia montagnacii dried plants 00010000000 Alluaudia montagnacii live 00080001200 Alluaudia procera live 4 1111 0 21 10 7 15 8050 Alluaudia procera specimens shipment 10000000000 Alluaudiopsis fiherenensis dried plants 00020000000 Alluaudiopsis fiherenensis live 04040000000 Alluaudiopsis marnieriana live 0 86 020000000 Decaryia spp. live 008000200000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 55 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Decaryia madagascariensis dried plants 00000000010 Decaryia madagascariensis live 20020200050 Didierea spp. dried plants 01000000000 Didierea spp. live 0 107 020000200 Didierea madagascariensis dried plants 00010000000 Didierea madagascariensis live 6 18 21 1079 18 11 159 25 7 5 0 Didierea trollii dried plants 00010000000 Didierea trollii live 7 7 5 23 12 400020 DROSERACEAE Dionaea muscipula live 4200 7000 2800 00000000 EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia spp. derivatives kg 0000300000000 Euphorbia spp. dried plants 0 36 020501207930 Euphorbia spp. fibre 00010000000 Euphorbia spp. flowers 000000000160 Euphorbia spp. leaves 000000000160 Euphorbia spp. roots 0 30 000000000 Euphorbia spp. seeds 000000000540 Euphorbia spp. specimens 00000000004 Euphorbia spp. specimens shipment 11000000000 Euphorbia spp. stems 000000000200 Euphorbia spp. timber pieces 00000000030 Euphorbia spp. live 13668 26975 12332 205 2010 46 20 210 15 21 170 Euphorbia aggregata stems 00000000500 Euphorbia alfredii live 80 35 2 15 0 10 04000 Euphorbia ammak live 000000000100 Euphorbia analalavensis dried plants 00000000050 Euphorbia analalavensis flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia analalavensis leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia analalavensis stems 00000000020 Euphorbia ankarensis dried plants 01000000000 Euphorbia ankarensis live 12 17 31 31 10 36 11 24 0 0 0 Euphorbia annamarieae live 00000020000 Euphorbia antiquorum live 00100000000 Euphorbia antisyphilitica wax kg 0000000000208000 Euphorbia antisyphilitica extract kg 00000000098000 0 Euphorbia antso dried plants 00000000010 Euphorbia antso live 00002000000 Euphorbia aphylla live 00900000000 Euphorbia arahaka dried plants 000000000100 Euphorbia arahaka flowers 00000000020 Euphorbia arahaka live 3 0 0 10 0000000 Euphorbia arahaka leaves 00000000020 Euphorbia arahaka stems 00000000010 Euphorbia aureoviridiflora live 00000104200 Euphorbia baga live 000000001502000 Euphorbia beharensis live 685202240100 Euphorbia berorohae live 000004125000 Euphorbia biaculeata live 000201200100 Euphorbia boinensis live 0 0 50 00000000 Euphorbia boissieri dried plants 00000000050 Euphorbia boissieri flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia boissieri leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia boissieri stems 00000000040 Euphorbia boiteaui live 05000000000 Euphorbia bongolavensis live 00001000000 Euphorbia bosseri live 0 2 0 22 0000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 56 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Euphorbia x bothae live 00000000200 Euphorbia braunsii live 00000000300 Euphorbia bulbispina dried plants 01000000050 Euphorbia bulbispina flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia bulbispina live 8 4 10 53502000 Euphorbia bulbispina leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia bulbispina stems 00000000050 Euphorbia bupleurifolia live 00000200300 Euphorbia burmannii dried plants 00000000030 Euphorbia burmannii timber pieces 00000000030 Euphorbia cactus live 00020000000 Euphorbia caerulescens live 00000000300 Euphorbia caerulescens leaves 000000001000 Euphorbia caerulescens stems 00000000300 Euphorbia canariensis live 000000000200 Euphorbia candelabrum stems 0000000001330 0 Euphorbia capmanambatoensis live 00002005 10 25000 Euphorbia capsaintemariensis live 52 0000000000 Euphorbia capuronii live 29 10 6 7 2 12 00005 Euphorbia caput-aureum live 00020000000 Euphorbia cedrorum dried plants 00000000030 Euphorbia cedrorum flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia cedrorum leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia cedrorum stems 00000000020 Euphorbia chersina live 00020000000 Euphorbia clava live 00000000200 Euphorbia cremersii live 261 189 98 00000000 Euphorbia crispa live 000000000015 Euphorbia croizatii live 139 22 14 4 2 10 50000 Euphorbia curvirama live 00000000200 Euphorbia curvirama stems 00000000100 Euphorbia damarana live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Euphorbia damarana seeds 000001000000 Euphorbia decepta live 00000000300 Euphorbia delphinensis live 70 52 000010010 Euphorbia didiereoides live 50 61 12 10 2 19 12 22 5 0 0 Euphorbia dregeana live 00010000000 Euphorbia duranii live 83 114 0 10 0 13 0 20 0 0 0 Euphorbia duranii var. duranii live 00020000000 Euphorbia enterophora dried plants 000004000240 Euphorbia enterophora flowers 00000000050 Euphorbia enterophora live 00610000002 Euphorbia enterophora leaves 00000000050 Euphorbia enterophora stems 00000000020 Euphorbia ephedroides live 00020000000 Euphorbia ernestii live 00000000100 Euphorbia ernestii stems 00000000400 Euphorbia esculenta live 00000000300 Euphorbia famatamboay live 00020000000 Euphorbia ferox live 00000000400 Euphorbia fianarantsoae live 2 52 030020000 Euphorbia fiherenensis live 03070000000 Euphorbia gariepina live 00010000000 Euphorbia gatbergensis live 00000000300 Euphorbia genoudiana live 0 12 0000101300 Euphorbia geroldii live 00003002 5 3502 4000 Euphorbia giessii live 00020000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 57 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Euphorbia gillettii live 00040000000 Euphorbia globosa live 000000001500 Euphorbia gorgonis live 0000000060120 Euphorbia gottlebei live 00203000 0 651 0000 Euphorbia grandialata live 000000000100 Euphorbia grandicornis live 000000000200 Euphorbia grandidens stems 00000000100 Euphorbia gregaria live 00010000000 Euphorbia gregaria roots kg 00000000000 Euphorbia griseola ssp. zambiensis live 00200000000 Euphorbia guillauminiana live 51 25 9 15 003901000 Euphorbia guillemetii live 100 10 4000005300 Euphorbia gummifera dried plants 00000000030 Euphorbia gummifera live 00010000000 Euphorbia gummifera seeds 00000000020 Euphorbia hadramautica live 00060000000 Euphorbia hamata dried plants 000000000370 Euphorbia hamata live 00030000000 Euphorbia hamata seeds 000000000310 Euphorbia hamata timber pieces 00000000060 Euphorbia hedyotoides live 4 186 17 28 3402 2 376 0600 Euphorbia herman-schwartzii live 00002104000 Euphorbia hofstaetteri live 000001004000 Euphorbia horombensis live 103 373 16 35 2500 3 452 20 1 0 0 Euphorbia horrida live 00000200300 Euphorbia horrida leaves 00000000800 Euphorbia horrida stems 00000000800 Euphorbia inconstantia stems 00000000200 Euphorbia indecora live 00000000030 Euphorbia inermis live 00000000300 Euphorbia ingens live 000000000200 Euphorbia intisy live 3 11 070200330 Euphorbia jansenvillensis live 00050000000 Euphorbia knuthii live 00000000010 Euphorbia kondoi live 12 344 1 26 11004000 Euphorbia lactea dried plants 00010000000 Euphorbia lactea live 05000000000 Euphorbia larica live 00010000000 Euphorbia leandriana live 05000000000 Euphorbia leucodendron dried plants 00000000070 Euphorbia leucodendron flowers 00000000020 Euphorbia leucodendron live 2 13 2 29 5 3 2 17 30 2 0 Euphorbia leucodendron leaves 00000000020 Euphorbia leuconeura live 20 1 12 16 5705500 Euphorbia lignosa live 00000400000 Euphorbia lignosa stems 00000000010 Euphorbia lophogona dried plants 000100003500 Euphorbia lophogona stems 00010000000 Euphorbia lophogona live 102017 26015 18002 12305 12705 9 7000 10 0 0 0 Euphorbia louwii specimens 000000000350 Euphorbia mahabobokensis live 00000100000 Euphorbia mahafalensis live 0 0 0 26 0000000 Euphorbia mahafalensis var. xanthadenia dried plants 00000000050 Euphorbia mahafalensis var. xanthadenia flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia mahafalensis var. xanthadenia leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia mahafalensis var. xanthadenia stems 00000000050 Euphorbia mainty dried plants 00000000060

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 58 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Euphorbia mainty flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia mainty leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia mauritanica dried plants 00000000080 Euphorbia mauritanica leaves 000000001000 Euphorbia mauritanica seeds 00000000080 Euphorbia mauritanica stems 000000001000 Euphorbia melanohydrata live 00000050500 Euphorbia meloformis live 0000010022000 Euphorbia meridionalis live 00000002000 Euphorbia micracantha live 00000000100 Euphorbia milii live 104 292 41 139 5001 15 980 33 205 0 5 Euphorbia milii stems 0000000010000 Euphorbia milii var. brevilaniensis live 0000002000 0000 Euphorbia milii var. hislopii live 000000300110 Euphorbia milii var. roseana live 00010000000 Euphorbia milii var. splendens live 0 0 63 90000000 Euphorbia milii var. tenuispina live 00005000000 Euphorbia milii var. tulearensis live 000000100000 Euphorbia millotii seeds 30000000000 Euphorbia millotii live 8437 5701 3006 78 2505 000000 Euphorbia multifolia live 00000000005 Euphorbia neobosseri dried plants 00000000050 Euphorbia neobosseri flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia neobosseri live 00000004000 Euphorbia neobosseri leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia neobosseri stems 00000000030 Euphorbia neohumbertii dried plants 02000000000 Euphorbia neohumbertii live 54 8 27 35 3 22 0 24 20 0 0 Euphorbia oncoclada dried plants 00000000040 Euphorbia oncoclada flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia oncoclada live 0 2 10 85000010 Euphorbia oncoclada leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia oncoclada stems 00000000020 Euphorbia ornithopus stems 00000000200 Euphorbia orthoclada dried plants 00000000050 Euphorbia orthoclada flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia orthoclada leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia pachypodioides dried plants 01000000000 Euphorbia pachypodioides live 71 1 7 49 0 43 12 6 31 0 0 Euphorbia paulianii dried plants 01000000000 Euphorbia paulianii live 44 125 4 31 3009000 Euphorbia pedilanthoides live 75 52 33 15 57400125 Euphorbia pentagona live 00000000300 Euphorbia perrieri dried plants 01000000000 Euphorbia perrieri live 94140200000 Euphorbia perrieri var. elongata live 00002000000 Euphorbia plagiantha dried plants 00000000040 Euphorbia plagiantha flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia plagiantha live 0 0 5 21 0000000 Euphorbia plagiantha leaves 00000000010 Euphorbia poissonii live 0 0 0 16 0000230100100 Euphorbia polycephala live 00000000300 Euphorbia polygona live 00000000100 Euphorbia primulifolia dried plants 00000000010 Euphorbia primulifolia flowers 00000000010 Euphorbia primulifolia live 0 0 0 153 5 199 121 65 71 81 0 Euphorbia primulifolia leaves 00000000010

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 59 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Euphorbia primulifolia stems 00000000030 Euphorbia primulifolia var. begardii live 000005050000 Euphorbia primulifolia var. primulifolia live 000007500000 Euphorbia pseudoglobosa live 00000000200 Euphorbia pteroclada live 00010000000 Euphorbia pulvinata stems 00000000300 Euphorbia quartziticola dried plants 00000001000 Euphorbia resinifera live kg 000000000050 Euphorbia robivelonae live 00000320000 Euphorbia rossii live 126 58 670310000 Euphorbia sakarahaensis live 0 0 52 05000100 Euphorbia schimperi live 00040000000 Euphorbia silenifolia live 000000005100300 Euphorbia spinea live 00020000000 Euphorbia squarrosa live 0000000001000 Euphorbia stapelioides live 00000000500 Euphorbia stellata live 000000002100150 Euphorbia stenoclada live 3 0 0 24 9000000 Euphorbia subsalsa live 00000300000 Euphorbia susannae live 000000000040 Euphorbia symmetrica live 00000000300 Euphorbia tardieuana live 0004014420030 Euphorbia tenuispinosa live 030000001200 Euphorbia tetragona live 00000000200 Euphorbia thouarsiana live 0 10 000000000 Euphorbia tirucalli live 074200003000 Euphorbia trichadenia live 000000003030 Euphorbia tridentata stems 00000000300 Euphorbia trigona live 010000000200 Euphorbia tuberculata live 00020000000 Euphorbia tuckeyana live 000002600000 Euphorbia unispina live 0000000014000 Euphorbia valida live 00000000400 Euphorbia valida stems 00000000100 Euphorbia venenifica live 000000000200200 Euphorbia viguieri dried plants 00000000080 Euphorbia viguieri flowers 00000000020 Euphorbia viguieri leaves 00000000020 Euphorbia viguieri seeds 30000000000 Euphorbia viguieri stems 00000000040 Euphorbia viguieri live 3505 2648 1009 37 5005 5 1500 20 10 0 0 Euphorbia viguieri var. ankarafantsiensis live 0 0 0 30 0000000 Euphorbia viguieri var. capuroniana live 00000200000 Euphorbia viguieri var. tsimbazazae live 00000200000 Euphorbia xylophylloides live 20140000000 FAGACEAE Quercus copeyensis live 00003000000 FOUQUIERIACEAE Fouquieria columnaris timber m3 0 0 0 77 0000000 LEGUMINOSAE (FABACEAE) Pericopsis spp. timber pieces 00400000000 Pericopsis elata carving 00010000000 Pericopsis elata sawn timber 0 29 76 30 38 0 15 0000 Pericopsis elata sawn timber m3 4499 30742 21101 51057 48180 27657 30672 21379 13836 6608 5137 Pericopsis elata sawn timber m2 0 0 7963 8658 0000000 Pericopsis elata timber pieces 0 5070 0 56368 17574 17574 00000 Pericopsis elata timber pieces m3 00000000104390

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 60 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Pericopsis elata timber pieces kg 15000 0000000046825 0 Pericopsis elata veneer m3 00000030000 Pterocarpus santalinus carving 00000020000 Pterocarpus santalinus chips 00000010000 Pterocarpus santalinus extract kg 00000002497 0 0 0 Pterocarpus santalinus specimens 00000030000 Pterocarpus santalinus timber 00000030000 Pterocarpus santalinus timber m3 000000030000 Pterocarpus santalinus timber m 000000002000 LILIACEAE Aloe spp. dried plants 5002034640000 Aloe spp. extract 000000130000 Aloe spp. extract kg 000020009 11566 23769 495 0 0 0 Aloe spp. extract litre 00000000000 Aloe spp. live 99 68 72 26 1 6 4 27 165 80 150 Aloe spp. live kg 00100000000 Aloe acutissima dried plants 10000000000 Aloe acutissima live 2 7 2 10 0030000 Aloe acutissima var. antanimorensis live 00000000300 Aloe africana extract kg 0000001500000 Aloe africana live 00000200000 Aloe alfredii live 0 0 0 15 0000000 Aloe andongensis live 00000000200 Aloe andringitrensis live 00002000000 Aloe angelica live 30000000000 Aloe antandroi dried plants 10010000000 Aloe antandroi live 20050050300 Aloe arborescens live 00000500000 Aloe asperifolia live 00000600000 Aloe bainesii live 00000008000 Aloe bakeri dried plants 20000000000 Aloe bakeri live 2 8 7 20 0000000 Aloe ballyi live 00100000000 Aloe bellatula dried plants 20000000000 Aloe bellatula live 33150000000 Aloe betsilensis live 0 0 0 29 1520000 Aloe boiteaui dried plants 20000000000 Aloe boiteaui live 20000000000 Aloe bosseri live 00000000005 Aloe boylei live 00000003000 Aloe brachystachys live 00010000000 Aloe brevifolia live 00010000000 Aloe buchlohii live 2 9 0 20 0000000 Aloe buhrii live 000001900000 Aloe bulbillifera live 5 0 0 10 0000000 Aloe calcairophila dried plants 20000000000 Aloe calcairophila live 58 106 15 30 0000000 Aloe capitata dried plants 20000000000 Aloe capitata live 43 73 27 79 40 30 8 13 41 14 3 Aloe capitata var. capitata live 0 0 0 12 0 10 00000 Aloe capitata var. cipolinicola live 0 0 6 23 2 10 00300 Aloe capitata var. gneissicola live 000022500300 Aloe capitata var. quartziticola live 0 0 0 15 2 15 00300 Aloe compressa dried plants 10000000000 Aloe compressa live 4 26 800000000 Aloe compressa var. rugosquamosa live 00000000100 Aloe compressa var. schistophila live 0 0 0 35 0000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 61 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aloe conifera dried plants 20000000000 Aloe conifera live 6 8 1 25 7 23 0 5 3 15 10 Aloe cremersii dried plants 10000000000 Aloe cremersii live 1 0 15 00000000 Aloe cryptoflora live 01000000000 Aloe decaryi dried plants 00000400000 Aloe decaryi live 000002007500 Aloe decorsei live 00000203000 Aloe delphinensis live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Aloe deltoideodonta live 2 2 30 23 2 12 0 14 10 15 5 Aloe descoingsii live 10 205 2 35 0000000 Aloe dhufarensis live 00060000000 Aloe dichotoma live 000006560020 Aloe dinteri live 00000300000 Aloe divaricata dried plants 00000400000 Aloe divaricata live 2 8 11 17 0220300 Aloe dominella live 00000100000 Aloe ecklonis live 000000000050 Aloe ellenbeckii extract kg 000000070000 40000 66875 0 Aloe ericetorum live 000000001000 Aloe erinacea live 41000000000 Aloe erythrophylla live 20032203300 Aloe falcata live 00000400020 Aloe ferox extract kg 222881 163035 301187 517655 306071 427966 173456 324939 286086 360801 342713 Aloe ferox live 0 28729 24 0 114 2 0 27635 32928 90 90 Aloe ferox timber 0 9642 0 8074 8502 0 7749 0000 Aloe ferox timber pieces 32690 0 16170 24687 20163 60543 0 0 0 55101 0 Aloe ferox live kg 34807 0000002500 0 0 0 Aloe ferox timber kg 0 3643 4373 3939 0000000 Aloe ferox timber pieces kg 3350 0 4393 4639 0000000 Aloe ferox dried plants 0 480 0 0 12779 3650 496 0 12453 8000 8000 Aloe ferox dried plants kg 0000605012404584 3117 Aloe ferox extract 0 0 0 16 0 8028 13883 709 206 33500 104660 Aloe ferox extract flasks 00007455 220 00000 Aloe ferox extract litre 00000000028786 90168 Aloe ferox extract shipment 0 186 0 0 60000 000000 Aloe fievetii live 000100001000 Aloe fragilis live 0 0 1 22 0000000 Aloe globuligemma live 80000000000 Aloe guillaumetii live 0 0 0 10 2 10 00000 Aloe haemanthifolia live 00000800000 Aloe haworthioides live 5 4 1 20 0000000 Aloe hemmingii live 00000003000 Aloe humbertii live 000000001000 Aloe ibitiensis live 22 5 4 15 2005330 Aloe imalotensis live 040802203100 Aloe immaculata live 00040000000 Aloe inermis live 0 0 0 24 0000000 Aloe inermis live shipment 00010000000 Aloe isaloensis dried plants 00000400000 Aloe isaloensis live 2 16 55 10 0 12 00000 Aloe itremensis live 4 1 0 15 0 20 00053 Aloe krapohliana live 000001500000 Aloe laeta dried plants 10000000000 Aloe laeta live 36 39 6 25 0000000 Aloe littoralis live 00000900000 Aloe macroclada live 2 32 7 30 5 16 0 3 10 4 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 62 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aloe macrosiphon live 40 0000000000 Aloe madecassa live 57 34 2 15 0 10 00300 Aloe marlothii live 300000016000 Aloe millotii dried plants 20000000000 Aloe millotii live 40000010000 Aloe parallelifolia live 3 3 4 22 2000000 Aloe parvula dried plants 20000000000 Aloe parvula live 5 2 3 25 0000000 Aloe perrieri live 10 0000000300 Aloe pictifolia live 00000400000 Aloe plicatilis live 00000300000 Aloe pluridens live 00000200000 Aloe ramosissima live 0000011100500 Aloe rauhii live 4 20 6 20 0000000 Aloe schoelleri live 00000020000 Aloe schomeri live 0 21 1 20 0203500 Aloe speciosa live 0 0 100 00000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 63 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aloe suarezensis live 60032200300 Aloe succotrina live 00000100000 Aloe suzannae live 0 175 000000000 Aloe trachyticola live 0 1 0 15 2 10 20350 Aloe vacillans live 00900000000 Aloe vaombe dried plants 00010000000 Aloe vaombe live 2 3 10 33 02007204 Aloe vaotsanda live 200200003100 Aloe variegata live 000000030000 Aloe vera live 0 26 000010000 Aloe viguieri live 4 0 6 16 2213300 MELIACEAE Swietenia humilis dried plants 00003000000 Swietenia humilis unspecified 00070000000 Swietenia mahogoni carving 0 31 001000020 Swietenia mahogoni sawn timber m3 00000000100 Swietenia mahogoni specimens kg 00000200000 Swietenia mahogoni timber pieces 000000000835835 NEPENTHACEAE Nepenthes spp. dried plants 0000031600120 Nepenthes spp. live 0 16 50005051000 Nepenthes spp. leaves 000000630000 Nepenthes spp. specimens 00000200000 Nepenthes spp. specimens shipment 10000000000 Nepenthes albo-marginata dried plants 00000030000 Nepenthes albo-marginata live 00300000000 Nepenthes ampullaria dried plants 00000060000 Nepenthes ampullaria live 0 90 9 0 4 13 00000 Nepenthes bicalcarata dried plants 000000310000 Nepenthes bicalcarata live 01000000000 Nepenthes gracilis dried plants 000000230000 Nepenthes gracilis live 0104119920000 Nepenthes gymnamphora live 00300000000 Nepenthes kampotiana live 000001200000 Nepenthes macfarlanei live 0 0 0 100 0000000 Nepenthes madagascariensis live 16 1 0 0 10 200020 Nepenthes maxima live 00200000000 Nepenthes mirabilis dried plants 00000030000 Nepenthes mirabilis live 0 100 11 12 60 634 0 0 0 420 6375 Nepenthes rafflesiana dried plants 000000150000 Nepenthes rafflesiana live 006001300000 Nepenthes tentaculata live 00000030000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 64 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ORCHIDACEAE Orchidaceae spp. derivatives 00000002000024 Orchidaceae spp. dried plants 27 19 0 75 372 272 70 107 360 341 3 Orchidaceae spp. extract kg 00000000000 Orchidaceae spp. live 12903 34627 23444 31586 8785 11513 24019 19380 16570 32851 23858 Orchidaceae spp. roots 00000000040 Orchidaceae spp. roots flasks 00000900000 Acampe spp. live 0001014380000 Acampe ochracea live 156 1 1 24 2 17 00000 Acampe papillosa live 99 26 10 433 944 19 100 10 20 0 0 Acampe rigida live 15 40 196 68 288 25 106 35 33 1 0 Acampe rigida roots 000000002000 Acanthephippium spp. live 50 0 30 00100000 Acanthephippium mantinianum live 78 0000000000 Acineta spp. live 22001110004 Acineta barkeri dried plants 00300000000 Acineta superba live 0 0 10 0 0 0 50 0000 Acoridium anfractum live 50 0000000000 Acoridium cobbianum live 777 0000000000 Acoridium wenzelii live 102 0000000000 Acriopsis spp. live 20 00051630000 Acriopsis indica live 38 3 85 22 20 13 00000 Acriopsis javanica live 15 0 36 5 4 15 30000 Acriopsis javanica var. floribunda live 11 0000000000 Acrorchis roseola live 00000200000 Ada spp. live 00001001040 Ada glumacea live 0 0 10 00000000 Ada ocanensis live 0 0 20 00000000 Adenoncos spp. live 00001010000 Adenoncos major live 001211600000 Adenoncos parviflora live 2000 01281400000 Adenoncos vesiculosa live 80 1 500 2 4 10 10000 Aerangis spp. dried plants 00000400002 Aerangis spp. live 1641 316 100 184 186 143 38 30 24 132 0 Aerangis articulata dried plants 00010000000 Aerangis articulata live 114 93 157 216 109 80 122 2 13 2 0 Aerangis biloba live 200 0 50 00000000 Aerangis calantha live 0 0 140 20000000 Aerangis citrata dried plants 00010000000 Aerangis citrata live 1366 803 738 857 230 353 173 115 11 4 0 Aerangis cryptodon live 201 100 64 99 133 56 45 25 8 3 10 Aerangis curnowiana live 96 116 71 160 169 120 98 19 24 0 0 Aerangis decaryana live 198 102 169 479 239 71 92 4100 Aerangis ellisii live 198 190 195 188 84 143 68 52 4 1 0 Aerangis fastuosa live 1240 657 993 800 594 472 219 71 10 5 1 Aerangis fuscata live 273 270 241 502 346 202 167 75 12 4 0 Aerangis grandiflora live 2 50 0 0 0 19 00000 Aerangis hyaloides live 388 721 921 1200 604 406 142 27 8 1 0 Aerangis kotschyana live 03000000000 Aerangis macrocentra live 113 51 118 231 88 124 73 36 8 0 0 Aerangis modesta live 204 268 362 572 286 168 42 3910 Aerangis mooreana live 000001501000 Aerangis oligantha live 0 0 0 20 0000000 Aerangis pallidiflora live 00030000000 Aerangis pulchella live 00000000200 Aerangis punctata live 338 512 15 102 50 22 00000 Aerangis spiculata live 0 0 0 156 76 10 0 30 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 65 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aerangis stylosa live 340 184 154 355 111 104 60 71 16 1 1 Aeranthes spp. live 36 23 20 172 186 80 22 105 1 84 0 Aeranthes adenopoda live 0 0 0 18 0500100 Aeranthes aemula live 0 0 0 20 0000000 Aeranthes antennophora live 00080000000 Aeranthes arachnites live 116 57 22 32 33 20 14 2400 Aeranthes brevivaginans live 00001500000 Aeranthes caudata dried plants 00010000000 Aeranthes caudata live 158 89 15 150 73 67 12 21 12 2 0 Aeranthes denticulata live 0 0 0 22 55 0 1 27 0 0 0 Aeranthes ecalcarata live 0 0 0 10 0500000 Aeranthes filipes live 005002020000 Aeranthes grandiflora live 58 45 15 162 80 67 9 13 6 1 0 Aeranthes henrici live 549 296 388 797 269 152 148 146 20 33 4 Aeranthes laxiflora live 10 0000500000 Aeranthes longipes live 139 32 14 42 63 20 33 7325 Aeranthes nidus live 71 81 27 58 79 36 33710 Aeranthes parvula live 0 0 0 11 0000000 Aeranthes peyrotii dried plants 00010000000 Aeranthes peyrotii live 6 0 0 46 31 12 3 60 0 0 0 Aeranthes ramosa dried plants 00010000000 Aeranthes ramosa live 217 109 121 339 122 68 25 17 12 2 11 Aeranthes setiformis live 0 14 080000000 Aeranthes setipes live 0 0 0 20 20 000000 Aeranthes subramosa live 00000000100 Aeranthes tenella live 00000200000 Aeranthes tricalcarata live 00040000000 Aerides spp. live 74 44 17 8 138 104 67 1000 Aerides biswasianum live 0 0 1 26 2000000 Aerides crassifolia live 1355 776 2005 3664 5395 491 81 0 50 50 0 Aerides cylindrica live 000003000000 Aerides falcata live 4621 1792 840 739 1319 176 960 0 51 0 0 Aerides flabellata live 527 542 803 304 1355 614 00000 Aerides houlletiana live 1943 820 2037 2584 2417 917 20000 Aerides krabiense live 1102 189 522 1718 1554 784 970 15 0 0 0 Aerides lawrenciae live 166 5 2 52 3000000 Aerides multiflora live 1806 566 2116 1181 1532 408 963 11 151 0 0 Aerides odorata dried plants 00000700000 Aerides odorata live 1323 1497 1758 1893 2303 1195 960 13 50 0 0 Aerides pedunculata live 000000105010000 Aerides quinquevulnera live 299 0000024015000 Aerides rosea live 46 338 449 1051 331 605 00000 Aerides rubescens live 000000015000 Agrostophyllum spp. live 1 0 0 110 0 15 10000 Agrostophyllum khasianum live 3 1 27 200025000 Agrostophyllum longifolium live 00102000000 Agrostophyllum luzonense live 40000000000 Agrostophyllum majus live 0056173400000 Agrostophyllum stipulatum live 20 0000000000 Altensteinia spp. dried plants 00000100010 Amesiella philippinensis live 11762 0300000000 Amparoa spp. live 00001000000 Ancistrorhynchus cephalotes live 0 0 35 00000000 Angraecopsis spp. live 40000000000 Angraecopsis parviflora live 00020000000 Angraecopsis pobeguinii live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum spp. dried plants 0 12 0 21 0 0 0 15 0 0 2

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 66 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Angraecum spp. live 686 448 41 412 280 183 84 58 51 210 3 Angraecum ampullaceum live 00003000000 Angraecum andasibeense live 02020000000 Angraecum ankeranense live 56 77 30 37 49 64 78 1400 Angraecum appendiculoides live 00010000000 Angraecum baronii live 00000200000 Angraecum bicallosum live 151 73 49 122 88 69 66 35 11 3 0 Angraecum breve live 71 75 30 73 34 58 31 37 8 3 0 Angraecum calceolus dried plants 00010000000 Angraecum calceolus live 3 9 23 10 12 13 16 0 51 0 0 Angraecum chaetopodum live 0 0 0 22 0000000 Angraecum chamaeanthum live 00000000010 Angraecum chloranthum live 000003111000 Angraecum clavigerum live 00000000002 Angraecum compactum dried plants 00010000000 Angraecum compactum live 119 140 111 195 230 144 139 21 12 2 0 Angraecum compressicaule live 13 0000500000 Angraecum coriaceum live 00080000000 Angraecum crassum live 0000212500100 Angraecum cucullatum live 00010030000 Angraecum cultriforme live 00030000000 Angraecum curnowianum live 0 0 0 30 0000000 Angraecum curvicalcar live 0 2 0 30 20 000000 Angraecum danguyanum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum decaryanum live 0 0 0 23 6000000 Angraecum dendrobiopsis live 72 67 25 19 21 47 15 50 0 0 0 Angraecum didieri live 52 18 17 192 99 63 20 12 16 3 1 Angraecum distichum live 10 0040000000 Angraecum dollii live 000000210000 Angraecum drouhardii live 77 151 48 144 68 100 57 5510 Angraecum dryadum live 02020000000 Angraecum eburneum dried plants 10044000000 Angraecum eburneum live 104 19 16 13 28 30 6 15 0 1 0 Angraecum eburneum ssp. superbum live 14 11 41 18 18 4 15 1104 Angraecum eburneum ssp. superbum var. longicalcar live 1 18 7 73 56 23 14 2000 Angraecum eburneum ssp. xerophilum live 000000006200 Angraecum eichlerianum live 000002000000 Angraecum elephantinum live 254 86 69 328 146 200 70 37 17 0 0 Angraecum equitans live 276 146 25 231 142 73 65 2 16 3 0 Angraecum filicornu live 378 21 11 32 35 44 16 61 3 0 0 Angraecum florulentum live 00000100000 Angraecum germinyanum live 56 159 111 205 67 63 55 116 19 3 0 Angraecum humbertii live 0 0 0 21 20 0 14 0000 Angraecum humblotianum live 0 0 0 15 5500000 Angraecum imerinense live 0 0 10 00000000 Angraecum laggiarae live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum lecomtei dried plants 00010000000 Angraecum lecomtei live 0 0 0 10 0000500 Angraecum leonis live 214 145 93 163 122 135 28 31 0 0 2 Angraecum linearifolium live 00002000000 Angraecum madagascariense live 10 0 0 42 36 17 10910 Angraecum magdalenae live 71 98 121 488 195 211 112 53 34 0 4 Angraecum mahavavense live 40 14 45 379 226 109 17 5000 Angraecum mauritianum dried plants 00010000000 Angraecum mauritianum live 3 0 1 17 2 25 50000 Angraecum meirax live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum minutum live 00040000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 67 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Angraecum mirabile live 13 38 4 9 12 32 17 0000 Angraecum moratii live 24 2500000000 Angraecum multiflorum live 01000000000 Angraecum obesum live 64 95 49 130 91 69 49 61 17 1 0 Angraecum oblongifolium live 0 5 25 0 51 002000 Angraecum onivense live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum palmiforme live 01000000000 Angraecum panicifolium live 00030000000 Angraecum parvulum live 00000040000 Angraecum pauciramosum live 00040000000 Angraecum pectinatum live 00010050000 Angraecum penzigianum live 00010000000 Angraecum pinifolium live 1 0 1 26 56 21 42 30 0 0 0 Angraecum potamophilum live 00050000000 Angraecum praestans live 114 33 17 89 79 55 53 21 12 0 0 Angraecum protensum live 123 66 84 183 36 34 7 55 2 0 4 Angraecum pseudodidieri live 00000000200 Angraecum pseudofilicornu live 69 15 21 83 151 85 69 18 5 0 2 Angraecum ramosum live 236 66 64 87 219 145 93900 Angraecum rhynchoglossum live 0 0 0 40 0001000 Angraecum rutenbergianum live 146 49 120 210 196 152 66 67 23 3 2 Angraecum sacciferum live 00010000010 Angraecum sacculatum live 000000001800 Angraecum scalariforme live 05000000000 Angraecum scottianum live 403 100 50 122 105 75 10 14 15 3 1 Angraecum sedifolium live 80220200003 Angraecum sesquipedale live 108 134 114 233 239 164 26 7 16 1 6 Angraecum sesquipedale ssp. angustifolium live 0 0 0 29 37 000000 Angraecum setipes live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Angraecum sororium dried plants 00010000000 Angraecum sororium live 151 89 115 200 150 103 29 34 8 3 0 Angraecum sterrophyllum live 3 0 0 25 20 500000 Angraecum tenuifolium live 00030000000 Angraecum teretifolium live 92 61 91 149 120 46 44 79 29 1 2 Angraecum trichoplectron live 0 100 020500000 Angraecum triquetrum live 3 100 200000000 Angraecum urschianum live 00010300001 Angraecum viguieri live 280 46 108 107 125 151 27 6630 Anguloa clowesii live 15 0000000000 Anguloa ruckeri live 0 0 10 00000000 Anguloa uniflora live 000010000000 Ania angustifolia live 0 0 15 00000000 Ania hookeriana live 0 20 04201352000 Ania latifolia live 0 2 33 40000000 Ania penangiana live 0 22 5 11 0000000 Anoectochilus spp. live 0 136 0 0 0 10 205 0000 Anoectochilus burmannicus live 00003000000 Anoectochilus imitans live 0 20 14 00000000 Anoectochilus roxburghii live 0000155000000 Anoectochilus siamensis live 00001000000 Anoectochilus sikkimensis live 00000001520020 Ansellia spp. live 00000010000 Ansellia africana live 0 20 800005000 Ansellia gigantea live 00000000010 Anthosiphon spp. live 00000000001 Anthosiphon pseudobulbosus live 0 0 20 00000000 Apostasia spp. dried plants 00000500000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 68 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Apostasia nuda dried plants 00000001000 Apostasia wallichii dried plants 00000001000 Appendicula spp. dried plants 00000200000 Appendicula spp. live 05000220000 Appendicula anceps live 0 0 3 11 9 20 00000 Appendicula buxifolia live 20000000000 Appendicula koenigii live 35 1000000000 Appendicula micrantha live 40000000000 Appendicula pendula dried plants 00000200000 Appendicula reflexa live 01000000000 Appendicula undulata live 30 1 101 0 0 50 00000 Arachnis spp. live 65 1 200 5 2 26 20 0000 Arachnis flos-aeris live 11 1 13 1201404000 Arachnis hookeriana live 00105000000 Arachnis labrosa live 00000010000 Arachnis maingayi live 000015010402000 Armodorum siamense live 003012100000 Arpophyllum spp. live 50 0000000040 Arpophyllum giganteum dried plants 00000001100 Arpophyllum giganteum live 25 0000215040400 Arundina spp. live 00010210000 Arundina bambusifolia live 26 20 0 0 43 000000 Arundina chinensis live 0 500 000000000 Arundina graminifolia live 2077 6027 128 1685 328 1592 4253 3000 Ascocentrum spp. live 50 35 11 2 178 44 5131 0 0 0 100 Ascocentrum ampullaceum live 10476 15754 39952 22293 15397 2310 00000 Ascocentrum aurantiacum live 10 2 93 72 72 35 00000 Ascocentrum christensonianum live 00000503320 925 1010 1500 0 Ascocentrum curvifolium live 2584 1831 2888 1816 1513 1245 00000 Ascocentrum garayi live 26868 15625 23135 30550 15951 6352 1800 30 150 0 0 Ascocentrum pumilum live 000005000000 Ascocentrum semiteretifolium live 0 0 10 359 55 000000 Ascochilus spp. live 00000200000 Ascoglossum calopterum live 75 0000000000 Aspasia spp. dried plants 03000000000 Aspasia spp. live 03001000001 Aspasia variegata live 07000006000 Barbosella spp. dried plants 01000000020 Barbosella spp. live 70000200000 Barbosella cucullata live 00010000000 Barbosella handroi live 0 0 19 00000000 Barbosella microphylla live 00030000000 Barkeria spp. live 0 50 0000100300 Barkeria chinensis live 00000000040 Barkeria lindleyana live 02000400000 Barkeria skinneri dried plants 00300000000 Barkeria spectabilis live 00000000040 Barlia robertiana live 000010100000 Basiphyllaea spp. dried plants 000001000000 Basiphyllaea spp. live 00000500000 Baskervilla spp. dried plants 00000100000 Baskervilla spp. live 05000000000 Batemannia ciliata live 70000000000 Beadlea spp. live 000010000000 Beclardia spp. live 120 312 131 2 11 1500253 Beclardia macrostachya dried plants 00010000000 Beclardia macrostachya live 162 125 34 39 52 15 4 1 17 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 69 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Beloglottis spp. live 00000000040 Benthamia spp. dried plants 00030000000 Benthamia spp. live 00000030000 Benthamia graminea live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bletia spp. dried plants 000001601000 Bletia spp. live 3600 00203705500 Bletia catenulata live 1 0 15 55000000 Bletia florida live 000833560060 Bletia patula dried plants 00000206000 Bletia patula live 000015200000 Bletia purpurea dried plants 00000401000 Bletia purpurea live 0 0 100 42 5 22 10 0 50 2 0 Bletilla spp. live 000028000000 Bletilla striata derivatives shipment 0000000130000 Bletilla striata dried plants kg 00000000000 Bletilla striata live 000050170003000 Bletilla striata roots kg 000000019830000 Bletilla striata derivatives kg 00007000 0 0 30000 2 0 0 Bollea spp. live 15 0000000000 Bollea coelestis live 15 0000000000 Bollea hirtzii live 50000000000 Bothriochilus bellus live 100 102 17 0 15 0 150 281 50 150 0 Bothriochilus macrostachyus live 00060000000 Brachionidium spp. dried plants 05000000000 Brachionidium spp. live 01000000009 Brachycorythis spp. live 00000010000 Brachycorythis acuta live 296 0 0 50 0000000 Brachycorythis galeandra live 00000010000 Brachycorythis helferi live 40 0 41 00000000 Brachycorythis pleistophylla dried plants 00010000000 Brachypeza spp. live 00000010000 Brachypeza laotica live 16 0000000000 Brassavola spp. live 320 0 0 20 40 2 1 20 6 4 0 Brassavola cebolleta live 00000000020 Brassavola cordata live 0 0 20 125 25 80 168 6 72 8 0 Brassavola cucullata dried plants 00000100000 Brassavola cucullata live 1 175 25 0 95 6 22 2040 Brassavola flagellaris live 000053000000 Brassavola grandiflora live 0 45 5 0 95 000000 Brassavola martiana live 8 4 0 10 0050000 Brassavola nodosa dried plants 00000100000 Brassavola nodosa live 552 754 428 419 2008 2397 1721 2355 0 0 75 Brassavola perrinii live 0 1 40 6 165 101000 Brassavola tuberculata live 00005000000 Brassavola venosa live 00000000040 Brassia spp. live 5 500 0002020000 Brassia allenii live 00000001000 Brassia caudata live 250 245 345 48 65 52 200 98 5 16 2 Brassia chlorops dried plants 02000000000 Brassia gireoudiana live 0 10 000000000 Brassia lanceana live 8 14 220060000 Brassia longissima live 00000002000 Brassia maculata live 265 150 115 100 54 159 107 24 0 0 3 Brassia neglecta live 00100000000 Brassia peruviana live 000010000000 Brassia verrucosa dried plants 00500000000 Brassia verrucosa live 18 0 0 144 115 107 50 501 30 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 70 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bromheadia aporoides live 224 9 46 21 351 5 0 0 120 0 0 Bromheadia finlaysoniana live 700000002000 Broughtonia spp. live 0000020000000 Broughtonia negrilensis live 0 0 238 143 0 0 12 13 5 5 6 Broughtonia sanguinea live 5 30 219 327 21 240 56 14 89 10 4 Brownleea coerulea live 00000000005 Bulbophyllum spp. dried plants 0 5 0 27 4 100 1 25 0 169 18 Bulbophyllum spp. live 9190 1454 402 692 2162 417 2768 398 312 326 1100 Bulbophyllum abbreviatum live 00040000000 Bulbophyllum acuminatum live 0 38 44 11 8 15 00000 Bulbophyllum acutisepalum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum acutum live 00020000000 Bulbophyllum affine live 438 201 287 495 937 69 00000 Bulbophyllum afzelii live 0 0 0 11 00001000 Bulbophyllum alcicorne live 10 0 25 2 0 48 00000 Bulbophyllum alexandrae live 00030000000 Bulbophyllum allenkerrii live 1 98 85 24 0000000 Bulbophyllum alsiosum live 21 0000000000 Bulbophyllum ambrense live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum amphorimorphum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum analamazoatrae live 00060000000 Bulbophyllum angusteovatum live 20 30 0 0 18 52 00000 Bulbophyllum ankaratranum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum annandalei live 25 0000000000 Bulbophyllum antenniferum live 63 0000000000 Bulbophyllum aphanopetalum live 80000300000 Bulbophyllum apodum live 55 30 000000000 Bulbophyllum aristatum live 0 0 10 00200000 Bulbophyllum aurantiacum live 10 0000000000 Bulbophyllum auratum live 211 48 315 151 108 150 00000 Bulbophyllum auriflorum live 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 Bulbophyllum baladeanum live 0 28 14 00300000 Bulbophyllum barbigerum live 0 0 0 20 0000000 Bulbophyllum baronii live 0 1 25 35 11 400000 Bulbophyllum bathieanum live 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 Bulbophyllum betchei live 3 10 000000000 Bulbophyllum bicoloratum live 00000100000 Bulbophyllum biflorum live 1 48 83 45 30 25 00000 Bulbophyllum bittnerianum live 81 165 0 40 0000000 Bulbophyllum blepharistes live 779 705 1578 1165 2574 252 158 0000 Bulbophyllum brachyphyton live 000000025000 Bulbophyllum brevipetalum live 000000025000 Bulbophyllum caeruleolineatum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum caespitosum live 00000050000 Bulbophyllum calyptropus live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum capillipes live 48 104 74 24 35 32 00000 Bulbophyllum careyanum live 229 750 6 85 31 725 00000 Bulbophyllum cariniflorum live 000002000000 Bulbophyllum cataractarum live 00008006000 Bulbophyllum ceriodorum live 00050000000 Bulbophyllum clavatum live 00010050000 Bulbophyllum cochleatum live 00000000010 Bulbophyllum cocoinum live 85 0000000000 Bulbophyllum comosum live 0002002000010 Bulbophyllum complanatum live 0 0 0 10 8000000 Bulbophyllum conchidioides live 0 0 0 13 0000000 Bulbophyllum concinnum live 90 72 19 377 218 175 00000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 71 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bulbophyllum congestum live 44 0 265 04000000 Bulbophyllum corallinum live 0 50 000000000 Bulbophyllum coriophorum live 00023000000 Bulbophyllum corolliferum live 91 48 71 103 5 21 00000 Bulbophyllum corythium live 00000300000 Bulbophyllum craibianum live 000019000000 Bulbophyllum crassipes live 0 49 700000000 Bulbophyllum crassipetalum live 00018000000 Bulbophyllum cupreum live 15 0000000000 Bulbophyllum cyclanthum live 00000005000 Bulbophyllum dayanum live 148 685 770 765 305 195 00000 Bulbophyllum dearei live 159 0000000000 Bulbophyllum dentiferum live 41 1 12 469 108 21 00000 Bulbophyllum devangiriense live 000006100000 Bulbophyllum dianthum live 00000500000 Bulbophyllum digoelense dried plants 00000000001 Bulbophyllum discilabium live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum dissitiflorum live 2 0 30 0 11 000000 Bulbophyllum divaricatum live 0 0 0 10 8000000 Bulbophyllum elisae live 30 0000000000 Bulbophyllum elliotii live 00000006000 Bulbophyllum emiliorum live 101 0000000000 Bulbophyllum evrardii live 0000002021580010 Bulbophyllum falcatum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum flaviflorum live 000830000000 Bulbophyllum forrestii live 44 18 34 10 31 220 20 0 0 0 10 Bulbophyllum frostii live 000000074010000 Bulbophyllum gracilicaule live 000001030000 Bulbophyllum gracillimum live 138 412 3732 297 3120 402 30020 Bulbophyllum guttulatum live 0 43 000000000 Bulbophyllum hamelinii live 0 0 0 19 25 23 9 80 0 0 0 Bulbophyllum haniffii live 63 36 100 01100000 Bulbophyllum hastatum live 01220000000 Bulbophyllum helenae live 15 49 40 69 69 173 00000 Bulbophyllum henrici live 00018000000 Bulbophyllum hexarhopalon live 00000000020 Bulbophyllum hildebrandtii live 00000200000 Bulbophyllum hirtum live 46 750 440 7 22 100000 Bulbophyllum humbertii live 00008000000 Bulbophyllum hyalinum live 00000100000 Bulbophyllum incurvum live 00010030000 Bulbophyllum intricatum live 0 50 000000000 Bulbophyllum jaguariahyvae live 00010000000 Bulbophyllum jamaicense live 000000001000 Bulbophyllum kanburiense live 866 50 339 58 50 000000 Bulbophyllum khaoyaiense live 10 79 6 5 204 26 00000 Bulbophyllum khasyanum live 00000300000 Bulbophyllum kwangtungense live 25 0000000000 Bulbophyllum laciniatum live 000032000000 Bulbophyllum lancifolium live 40000000000 Bulbophyllum lasiochilum live 659 490 2230 450 206 85 00000 Bulbophyllum latipetalum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum laxiflorum live 122 66 36 47 7 101 00000 Bulbophyllum leandrianum live 000618000010 Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides live 00000300000 Bulbophyllum lemniscatum live 00030000000 Bulbophyllum lemuraeoides live 00020000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 72 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bulbophyllum leopardinum live 0 71 54 213 692 53 00000 Bulbophyllum lepidum live 428 1168 752 387 1521 716 139 500 20 0 470 Bulbophyllum leptochlamys live 000000010000 Bulbophyllum leratii live 00000200000 Bulbophyllum lilacinum live 30 0000000000 Bulbophyllum lindleyanum live 00600000000 Bulbophyllum lobbii live 554 860 968 2045 5831 2071 00000 Bulbophyllum lobulatum live 000000015000 Bulbophyllum longibracteatum live 0 0 32 11 13 28 00000 Bulbophyllum longiflorum live 19 2 14 12200000 Bulbophyllum longiscapum live 00000020000 Bulbophyllum loxodiphyllum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum lucidum live 0 0 50 00000000 Bulbophyllum lyperocephalum live 00030000000 Bulbophyllum macranthum live 338 2190 699 532 199 68 0 30 50 0 0 Bulbophyllum mastersianum live 0 12 100 120 70 000000 Bulbophyllum mauritianum live 00020000000 Bulbophyllum maximum live 00000000010 Bulbophyllum medusae live 888 858 1680 2386 4188 4131 00000 Bulbophyllum megalanthum live 00050000000 Bulbophyllum melleum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum micholitzii live 00100000000 Bulbophyllum microglossum live 01001000000 Bulbophyllum micropetaliforme live 10000000000 Bulbophyllum minax live 0 0 25 000030000 Bulbophyllum mirificum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum molossus live 0 1 0 19 0000000 Bulbophyllum moniliforme live 176 0 1815 19 15 000000 Bulbophyllum morphologorum live 81 249 753 8248 207 437 00000 Bulbophyllum multiflorum live 00000100000 Bulbophyllum multiligulatum live 00080000000 Bulbophyllum muscarirubrum live 375 83 354 178 16 15 00000 Bulbophyllum mutabile live 00024000000 Bulbophyllum neocaledonicum live 60000000000 Bulbophyllum nesiotes live 25 0000000000 Bulbophyllum ngoyense live 70000000000 Bulbophyllum nigrescens live 0 0 0 20 0 11 0 0 100 0 0 Bulbophyllum nigriflorum live 00020000000 Bulbophyllum nigrilabium live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum nipondhii live 0 13 000000000 Bulbophyllum nitens live 00088000000 Bulbophyllum nutans live 0 6 0 18 0070000 Bulbophyllum obtusilabium live 0 0 0 13 0000000 Bulbophyllum occlusum live 0 0 10 62 72 21 0 40 0 1 0 Bulbophyllum odoratissimum live 260 122 767 233 1627 62 00000 Bulbophyllum odoratum live 0000000200010 Bulbophyllum oerstedii live 0 200 000000000 Bulbophyllum onivense live 0 0 0 13 8000500 Bulbophyllum ophiuchus var. pallens live 00080000000 Bulbophyllum oreodorum live 00008003000 Bulbophyllum orientale live 158 50 71 44 25 23 00000 Bulbophyllum ornatissimum live 101 100 106 52 102 24 00000 Bulbophyllum oxycalyx live 00080000000 Bulbophyllum pachyanthum live 00000200000 Bulbophyllum pachypus live 0 0 0 12 0000000 Bulbophyllum paleiferum live 00020000000 Bulbophyllum pallidiflorum live 30020000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 73 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bulbophyllum pandurella live 00088006000 Bulbophyllum pantoblepharon live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum papangense live 00080100000 Bulbophyllum parviflorum live 40 0000000000 Bulbophyllum patens live 512 136 891 469 444 304 00000 Bulbophyllum pectinatum live 20 20 1149 55 33 35 00000 Bulbophyllum pendulum live 00010000000 Bulbophyllum peniculus live 00080000000 Bulbophyllum pentaneurum live 1 305 49 00000000 Bulbophyllum perductum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum perii live 00040000000 Bulbophyllum perparvulum live 00008000000 Bulbophyllum phayamense live 20 0000000000 Bulbophyllum picturatum live 334 157 135 2558 296 58 0 0 50 0 20 Bulbophyllum planibulbe live 0 10 69 24 26 64 00000 Bulbophyllum platypodum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum polypodioides live 0 18 14 00300000 Bulbophyllum polyrhizum live 0 50 000000000 Bulbophyllum proboscideum live 01800000000 Bulbophyllum propinquum live 40 65 620000000 Bulbophyllum protectum live 000011000000 Bulbophyllum protractum live 006501800000 Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum live 40 50 238 66 2400000 Bulbophyllum pulchellum live 177 1723 710 86 4600000 Bulbophyllum pulchrum live 10 0 0 0 119 20 00000 Bulbophyllum pumilio live 0 0 0 38 0000000 Bulbophyllum purpurascens live 50 61 59 20 1 95 00000 Bulbophyllum purpureifolium live 00000005000 Bulbophyllum putidum live 1822 1477 2740 1542 2173 1648 0 750 100 0 120 Bulbophyllum quadrialatum live 00008000000 Bulbophyllum rauhii live 00010000000 Bulbophyllum refractum live 115 84 160 0 0 0 100 30 50 0 10 Bulbophyllum repens live 85 100 40 1 25 700000 Bulbophyllum retusiusculum live 0 0 0 10 0 21 00000 Bulbophyllum rhizomatosum live 000000015000 Bulbophyllum rhodostachys live 00000008000 Bulbophyllum rictorium live 000000030000 Bulbophyllum rigidum live 00400000000 Bulbophyllum rubiginosum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum rufilabrum live 14 126 67 20 1 143 00000 Bulbophyllum rufinum live 89 236 1554 452 113 76 00000 Bulbophyllum ruginosum live 0 10 65 00000000 Bulbophyllum saurocephalum live 100 0000000000 Bulbophyllum secundum live 125 62 0 23 131 20 00000 Bulbophyllum septatum live 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 Bulbophyllum sessile live 77 17 530 5 119 14 00000 Bulbophyllum sigilliforme live 00020000000 Bulbophyllum simulacrum live 00008000000 Bulbophyllum spathulatum live 60 67 37 57 42 42 0 0 50 0 0 Bulbophyllum stenobulbon live 64 0000000000 Bulbophyllum striatum live 00060000000 Bulbophyllum suavissimum live 35 50 000000000 Bulbophyllum subclavatum live 00008000000 Bulbophyllum subsecundum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum subtenellum live 0000150000000 Bulbophyllum sutepense live 0 50 60 00000000 Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum live 00030000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 74 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bulbophyllum thaiorum live 35 0000000000 Bulbophyllum thompsonii live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum tortisepalum live 000000201550010 Bulbophyllum trichocephalum live 0 50 32 7 0 27 00000 Bulbophyllum tricorne live 86 70 114 131 169 50 00000 Bulbophyllum tricornoides live 189 6 54 54 2 12 00000 Bulbophyllum tridentatum live 117 30 146 02000000 Bulbophyllum trilineatum live 00008006000 Bulbophyllum tripudians live 3 2550 0 3 30 41 00000 Bulbophyllum triste live 30 36 0 74 100 42 00000 Bulbophyllum tristriatum live 0 0 14 00000000 Bulbophyllum umbellatum live 000002800000 Bulbophyllum uniflorum live 00100000000 Bulbophyllum unifoliatum ssp. flectens live 00000000010 Bulbophyllum vaginatum live 270 391 182 665 4702 167 00000 Bulbophyllum verruculiferum live 01000000000 Bulbophyllum violaceum live 00033180000 Bulbophyllum wangkaense live 25 0000000000 Bulbophyllum wendlandianum live 279 812 193 175 572 430 00000 Bulbophyllum xanthobulbum live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Bulbophyllum xylophyllum live 58 49 000000000 Cadetia spp. dried plants 000000000180 Calanthe spp. dried plants 00000315001 Calanthe spp. live 23 24 50 17 30 180 50 9 20 14 0 Calanthe balansae live 08000300000 Calanthe biloba live 00003000000 Calanthe calanthoides dried plants 00000005000 Calanthe calanthoides live 00000200000 Calanthe cardioglossa live 172 46 1516 2153 57 32 00000 Calanthe conspicua live 36 0000000000 Calanthe densiflora live 000000020000 Calanthe flava live 10000000000 Calanthe hancockii live 00002000000 Calanthe hennisii live 61 0000000000 Calanthe hololeuca live 08000000000 Calanthe humbertii live 01000000000 Calanthe madagascariensis live 93 187 78 541 156 42 37 5 22 2 1 Calanthe millotae live 12 0000000000 Calanthe puberula live 0000001030000 Calanthe repens live 0 0 0 10 0000200 Calanthe rosea live 12166 16297 2748 17325 5124 559 00000 Calanthe rubens live 4360 349 176 3573 2010 24 12 15 0 0 0 Calanthe sylvatica live 59 257 142 494 164 50 3 5 4 10 3 Calanthe tricarinata live 00004000000 Calanthe triplicata live 36 770 91 26 34 24 0000110 Calanthe ventrilabrum dried plants 00000000001 Calanthe ventrilabrum live 0 28 000200000 Calanthe vestita live 342 202 1003 40 208 54 0 20 0 0 0 Calanthe vestita roots 250 0000000000 Calopogon tuberosus live 0 10 0 12 0000000 Calypso bulbosa live 00000003000 Calyptrochilum spp. dried plants 00040000000 Campylocentrum spp. dried plants 02000000000 Campylocentrum spp. live 0 0 26 29 57 64 2 15 7 6 0 Campylocentrum burchellii live 00600000000 Campylocentrum fasciola live 00004208000 Campylocentrum micranthum live 1 3 2 31 10 14 12 43 16 1 18

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 75 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Campylocentrum microphyllum live 00003000000 Campylocentrum pachyrrhizum live 00000060100 Cannaeorchis cymatoleguum live 00000200000 Cannaeorchis fractiflexa live 0 8 14 00300000 Cannaeorchis polycladium live 00000200000 Cannaeorchis steatoglossa live 08000200000 Cannaeorchis verrucifera live 00000300000 Capanemia spp. live 000064000000 Capanemia micromera live 0 1 11 1 125 000000 Capanemia superflua live 0 0 12 1 20 000000 Catasetum spp. live 35 10 2 0 6 55 3 52 12 12 6 Catasetum appendiculatum live 100000059000 Catasetum barbatum live 08020000000 Catasetum denticulatum live 00000002000 Catasetum discolor live 00000001000 Catasetum fimbriatum live 00321051500000 Catasetum incurvum live 000000010000 Catasetum integerrimum live 54 90 90 195 178 29 16 219 0 0 4 Catasetum x intermedium live 00003000000 Catasetum longifolium live 00000003000 Catasetum macrocarpum live 10 2000030000 Catasetum macroglossum live 003000010000 Catasetum maculatum dried plants 00000001000 Catasetum maculatum live 00000032000 Catasetum moorei live 00000005000 Catasetum pileatum live 01000000000 Catasetum saccatum live 000000000120 Catasetum spitzii live 02000001000 Catasetum tenebrosum live 0000000100150 Catasetum tuberculatum live 00300000000 Catasetum viridiflavum live 1 0 150 2 67 100 250 100 0 0 0 Cattleya spp. live 827 1319 391 360 106 2 300 0 550 12 0 Cattleya aurantiaca live 00200300000 Cattleya bicolor live 13 0000000000 Cattleya bowringiana live 275 250 1 22 166 40 01000 Cattleya dolosa live 01000000000 Cattleya gaskelliana live 0 0 10 00000000 Cattleya guatemalensis live 0 10 000000040 Cattleya guttata live 10000000000 Cattleya harrisoniana live 10000000000 Cattleya intermedia live 00003004000 Cattleya iricolor live 40000000000 Cattleya labiata live 00100000000 Cattleya leopoldii live 02000000000 Cattleya luteola live 001000015000 Cattleya maxima live 15 0000003002130 Cattleya mendelii live 15 0000000000 Cattleya mooreana live 000010000000 Cattleya mossiae live 50100000000 Cattleya nobilior live 70000007000 Cattleya rex live 000000020000 Cattleya schilleriana live 11000000000 Cattleya velutina live 500 0000000000 Cattleya violacea live 00000001040 Cattleya walkeriana live 5 2 0 22 90 500000 Cattleya warscewiczii live 00000000002 Cattleyopsis spp. live 00000800000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 76 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Caularthron spp. live 0000050310000 Caularthron bicornutum live 03000500000 Caularthron bilamellatum dried plants 00000003000 Caularthron bilamellatum live 50 303 0 135 130 74 40 67 0 0 32 Cephalantheropsis halconensis live 30000000000 Ceratostylis spp. dried plants 000000200120 Ceratostylis spp. live 00000014000 Ceratostylis micrantha live 10000000000 Ceratostylis philippinensis live 46 0000000000 Ceratostylis retisquama live 785 0000000000 Ceratostylis subulata live 90 0000000002 Chamaeangis spp. live 61 19 52 91 15 410070 Chamaeangis gracilis live 0 0 0 10 22 000000 Chamaeanthus spp. live 40000000000 Chaubardia heteroclita live 000000000150 Chiloschista spp. live 225 216 141 21 6 56 10000 Chiloschista exuperei live 20 10 000010000 Chiloschista lunifera live 588 1023 1330 489 362 442 00000 Chiloschista parishii live 30 3021000000 Chiloschista pusilla live 39 0 26 00000000 Chiloschista ramifera live 30 0001000000 Chiloschista sweelimii live 0 20 162 69 0 117 00000 Chiloschista trudelii live 80 37 500000000 Chiloschista usneoides live 1632 549 1313 1614 500 332 00000 Chiloschista viridiflava live 00022000000 Chondrorhyncha spp. dried plants 00000202000 Chondrorhyncha spp. live 72300001006 Chondrorhyncha thienii live 00300000000 Chondroscaphe flaveola dried plants 00000200000 Christensonia spp. live 000002150000 Christensonia vietnamica live 0005004531 780 1060 0 50 Chrysoglossum spp. live 00000210000 Chysis spp. live 030000504002100130 Chysis aurea live 000050010050040 Chysis bractescens dried plants 00000000100 Chysis bractescens live 100 255 10 0 105 657 541 500 0 0 0 Chysis tricostata live 00000010000 Cirrhopetalum pumilio live 00100000000 Cischweinfia spp. live 00000000002 Cleisomeria spp. live 000000180000 Cleisomeria lanata live 272 15 443 27 46 10 0 10 0 0 0 Cleisomeria pilosula live 76 49 163 2 23 300000 Cleisostoma spp. live 350 65 204 6 7 160 110 0000 Cleisostoma arietinum live 2443 911 2571 4045 1223 801 0 0 50 0 0 Cleisostoma aspersum live 0 0 46 30 1200000 Cleisostoma birmanicum live 000000010000 Cleisostoma capricorne live 1529 0602000000 Cleisostoma chantaburiense live 176 346 813 135 58 356 30 0000 Cleisostoma crassifolium live 4224 33 1579 154 47 600000 Cleisostoma crochetii live 379 100 129 105 122 700000 Cleisostoma discolor live 222 21 241 34 54 10 00000 Cleisostoma duplicilobum live 29 23 54 0 103 400000 Cleisostoma elegans live 50 0 8 32 28 15 00000 Cleisostoma filiforme live 249 120 26 8 187 0 0 30 50 0 0 Cleisostoma flagelliforme live 2 33 26 54 01005000 Cleisostoma fuerstenbergianum live 0 3 10 61 35 100000 Cleisostoma kerrii live 0 0 1 31 2400000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 77 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cleisostoma krabiense live 000012200000 Cleisostoma linearilobatum live 433 488 817 522 89 395 00000 Cleisostoma litoreum live 00010000000 Cleisostoma pacificum live 00000020000 Cleisostoma paniculatum live 19 0 1 20 1000000 Cleisostoma parishii live 0 12 000000000 Cleisostoma racemiferum live 133 55 12 8 7 23 00000 Cleisostoma ramosum live 0 0 0 30 0000000 Cleisostoma rolfeanum live 10 1000 100 00000000 Cleisostoma rostellatum live 30000000000 Cleisostoma rostratum live 10 0 0 30 2200000 Cleisostoma scortechinii live 20000000000 Cleisostoma simondii live 800 51 32 148 792 306 00000 Cleisostoma subulatum live 12 1000 3 31 2200000 Cleisostoma tenuifolium live 195 64 272 57 328 5 0 0 50 0 0 Cleisostoma williamsonii live 70315300000 Cleistes spp. live 00006000000 Clematepistephium smilacifolium live 00000200000 Clowesia spp. live 00000000040 Clowesia russelliana live 0000002000000 Cochleanthes spp. dried plants 00000001000 Cochleanthes spp. live 00030200702 Cochleanthes amazonica live 15 0200006010 Cochleanthes discolor dried plants 00000200000 Cochleanthes discolor live 05000002000 Cochleanthes flabelliformis live 0 0 0 10 10 30 06245 Cochleanthes ionoleuca live 20 0000000000 Cochleanthes lipscombiae live 15 1000000000 Cochleanthes picta dried plants 00000001000 Cochleanthes picta live 00000002000 Cochlioda spp. live 00000001000 Cochlioda rosea live 000000000200 Codonorchis lessonii dried plants 00000000040 Coelia triptera live 0 0 105 00050100 Coeliopsis hyacinthosma live 00000000100 Coelogyne spp. dried plants 000001100000 Coelogyne spp. live 400 172 91 58 550 152 2284 776 50 0 200 Coelogyne asperata live 10000000000 Coelogyne assamica live 20 000000205000 Coelogyne brachyptera live 85 35 8 806 642 124 00000 Coelogyne confusa live 36 0000000000 Coelogyne cristata live 02500000000 Coelogyne cumingii live 249 518 98 2756 765 106 00000 Coelogyne dayana live 100 0000000000 Coelogyne fimbriata live 5 45 26 22 27 21 0 70 0 0 0 Coelogyne fragrans dried plants 00000000001 Coelogyne fuscescens live 15 50 0 0 0 40 00000 Coelogyne huettneriana live 0 1 57 29 19 400000 Coelogyne lactea live 39 2 107 19 3 19 00000 Coelogyne lawrenceana live 01002050020505010 Coelogyne lentiginosa live 53 155 169 1420 7527 63 200 0000 Coelogyne lycastoides live 0 1 14 00000000 Coelogyne marmorata live 74 0000000000 Coelogyne massangeana live 0000002315000 Coelogyne merrillii live 50 0000000000 Coelogyne mooreana live 0 0 0 100 50 0 200 560 50 0 0 Coelogyne nitida live 37 75 0 1 426 74 400 1000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 78 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Coelogyne ovalis live 62 229 1099 442 48 26 0 15 0 0 10 Coelogyne pallens live 10 35 000000000 Coelogyne parishii live 58 46 177 50 325 400000 Coelogyne prolifera live 139 4 642 17 36 22 00000 Coelogyne psectrantha live 0000001025000 Coelogyne rigida live 0 1 11 4 55 26 0 0 50 0 0 Coelogyne rochussenii live 52 0 30 0 200 000000 Coelogyne sanderae live 00000002015000 Coelogyne sanderiana live 00000005000 Coelogyne schilleriana live 0 0 0 53 0000000 Coelogyne stenochila live 00002000000 Coelogyne swaniana live 00000500000 Coelogyne tenasserimensis live 00007000000 Coelogyne thailandica live 0000180000000 Coelogyne trinervis live 202 103 218 239 166 137 00000 Coelogyne virescens live 116 307 207 593 43 2 6 25 50 0 10 Coelogyne viscosa live 313 451 266 383 886 122 000010 Comparettia spp. live 00000000070 Comparettia falcata live 40 0 0 0 25 4 50 100 50 4 30 Comparettia speciosa live 20000000020 Coryanthes spp. live 11 0001202010015 Coryanthes alborosea live 00000000060 Coryanthes macrantha live 2 2 25 62 0100000 Coryanthes speciosa live 60 201 15 51 207 7 168 76 0 0 0 Corymborkis spp. live 00000620000 Corymborkis corymbis live 00020000000 Cranichis spp. dried plants 00000102000 Cranichis spp. live 00000300000 Cranichis muscosa live 00000020080 Cranichis wageneri live 00000020000 Cremastra variabilis derivatives 0000100000000 Cremastra variabilis derivatives kg 00002000003000 Crossoglossa caulescens live 00102000000 Cryptarrhena spp. live 00000220000 Cryptarrhena guatemalensis dried plants 00000001000 Cryptarrhena lunata live 0 0 0 18 0200000 Cryptocentrum spp. dried plants 00000100000 Cryptocentrum spp. live 55 10 20 00030000 Cryptocentrum calcaratum dried plants 02000000000 Cryptocentrum calcaratum live 04000000000 Cryptocentrum dunstervilleorum live 0 10 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum gracilipes live 02000000000 Cryptocentrum hoppii live 0 0 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum inaequisepalum live 0 0 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum jamesonii live 0 0 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum latifolium live 02000200000 Cryptocentrum lehmannii live 0 0 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum longiscapum live 0 0 20 00000000 Cryptocentrum standleyi live 0 2 20 00000000 Cryptopus spp. live 30 2044030040 Cryptopus elatus live 20 10 31 4 10 2 10 0000 Cryptopus paniculatus live 51 45 66 520 113 50 28 2000 Cryptopylos clausus live 1 0 32 5 8 11 0 10 0 0 0 Cryptostylis spp. live 00000500000 Cuitlauzina pendula live 05000000000 Cyclopogon spp. dried plants 00000008000 Cyclopogon spp. live 00600000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 79 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cyclopogon amabilis dried plants 00100000000 Cyclopogon elatus live 00000200000 Cycnoches spp. live 0 181 0012153354124 Cycnoches cooperi live 00000002000 Cycnoches egertonianum live 000030030000 Cycnoches pentadactylon live 010000010060 Cycnoches peruvianum live 000000010000 Cycnoches ventricosum live 00000200000 Cycnoches ventricosum var. chlorochilon live 0 105 0 0 0 251 00000 Cycnoches warscewiczii live 0 0 15 0 26 17 23 7000 Cymbidiella spp. live 3000500160060 Cymbidiella falcigera live 15 20 8 31 23 18 35200 Cymbidiella flabellata live 54 164 23 52 97 73 24 30 35 0 0 Cymbidiella pardalina live 201 127 90 139 125 113 64 11 12 4 0 Cymbidium spp. live 672 28169 211 8 39 724 712 42 10020 100 0 Cymbidium aloifolium live 10747 132 312 489 211 65 10 10 0 0 30 Cymbidium atropurpureum live 30 40 3 2 2 10 00000 Cymbidium bicolor live 10020000000 Cymbidium x cooperi live 000000020000 Cymbidium cyperifolium live 41 534 167 1 455 51 00000 Cymbidium dayanum live 6438 632 655 157 322 298 04000 Cymbidium devonianum live 0 145 31 67 1 0 0 10 20 0 0 Cymbidium eburneum live 3 203 1260 01003210000 Cymbidium elegans live 36 4000000000 Cymbidium ensifolium live 12110 655 812 289 542 67421 0 30 0 0 0 Cymbidium ensifolium ssp. haematodes live 21398 2764 2 15 465 36 00000 Cymbidium erythrostylum live 000000022034000 Cymbidium faberi live 0 10 0 0 46 0 0 20 0 0 0 Cymbidium finlaysonianum live 65 19 51 47 25 35 00000 Cymbidium floribundum live 0 10 000000000 Cymbidium goeringii live 0 40 0 0 20 2500 0 500 0 0 0 Cymbidium hookerianum live 0 10 0 0 58 000000 Cymbidium insigne live 91 720 1452 72 229 18 0 20 50 0 0 Cymbidium iridioides live 100000020000 Cymbidium kanran live 15000 10 4000 0 0 1000 10 720 50 0 0 Cymbidium lancifolium live 0 100 10002 0 0 1000 0 20 0 0 0 Cymbidium lowianum live 122 62 57 191 7 36 00000 Cymbidium mastersii live 203 408 0 5 63 000000 Cymbidium munronianum live 32000010205000 Cymbidium parishii live 60 0000000000 Cymbidium schroederi live 000000500000 Cymbidium sinense live 15000 10000 38 117 66 28400 0 25 0 0 0 Cymbidium tigrinum live 18 0000000000 Cymbidium tracyanum live 8213 107 180 2 0 8 750 0000 Cynorkis spp. dried plants 3 0 0 17 0 0 0 25 0 0 10 Cynorkis spp. live 37 140 27 52 14 205 23 31 12 51 5 Cynorkis elegans live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Cynorkis fastigiata dried plants 00030000000 Cynorkis fastigiata live 00000030000 Cynorkis flexuosa live 000000120000 Cynorkis gibbosa live 26 9 10 15 10 128 51 5533 Cynorkis globulosa live 00008000000 Cynorkis gracilis live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Cynorkis grandiflora dried plants 00000400000 Cynorkis grandiflora live 00000020000 Cynorkis hirtula live 00008000000 Cynorkis laeta live 00008000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 80 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cynorkis lowiana live 00300000000 Cynorkis nutans live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Cynorkis spatulata live 0 0 0 16 0000000 Cynorkis squamosa live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Cynorkis uncinata live 92535103465530 Cynorkis uniflora dried plants 00010000000 Cynorkis uniflora live 100340100000 Cypripedium spp. live 0 0 34 0 172 10 50 0000 Cypripedium acaule live 0000000100000 Cypripedium x barbeyi live 0 0 60 00000000 Cypripedium calceolus dried plants 00000000100 Cypripedium calceolus live 0 0 60 0 0 4000 1000 1000 0 0 0 Cypripedium guttatum live 0 0 30 0 0 0 50 0000 Cypripedium japonicum live 00002000 2000 00000 Cypripedium macranthon live 0 0 60 0 0 0 650 0000 Cypripedium montanum live 0000002001000 Cypripedium parviflorum live 00000401890 1450 200 125 0 Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens live 00000561040 325 0 21 0 Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens roots 0000020660000 Cypripedium reginae live 0 20 20 20 0 66 330 250 120 0 0 Cypripedium reginae roots 0000050620000 Cypripedium shanxiense live 0 0 30 00000000 Cypripedium yatabeanum live 0 0 30 00000000 Cyrtopodium spp. live 12 1 6 0 57 0 100 350 0 0 0 Cyrtopodium hatschbachii live 00003000000 Cyrtopodium longibulbosum live 000040000000 Cyrtopodium palmifrons live 030030000000 Cyrtopodium paranaense live 10000000000 Cyrtopodium punctatum live 141 125 135 235 370 744 453 2 30 0 30 Cyrtopodium virescens live 0 2 0 13 83 16 00000 Cyrtorchis spp. live 0 14 000500000 Cyrtorchis arcuata live 200 0 12 20 0000010 Cyrtorchis praetermissa live 10000010010 Cyrtosia spp. live 00000010000 Dactylorhiza spp. live 0 0 0 19 0000000 Dactylorhiza baltica live 000000600000 Dactylorhiza fuchsii live 000037005000 Dactylorhiza incarnata live 000070502000 Dactylorhiza maculata live 000115000000 Dactylorhiza majalis ssp. baltica live 00003000000 Dactylorhiza romana ssp. markusii live 000010000000 Dasyglossum edwardii live 50000000000 Dendrobium spp. derivatives 0 500 000000000 Dendrobium spp. derivatives kg 0000500006000 Dendrobium spp. derivatives shipment 000000001200 0 1 Dendrobium spp. extract kg 00000000000 Dendrobium spp. live 496037 80905 63044 68174 822 1408 12352 104 206 250 650 Dendrobium spp. dried plants 000003010000 0 0 39 1 Dendrobium spp. dried plants kg 00000028000 25000 0 10000 0 Dendrobium spp. roots kg 0 500 000000010000 150000 Dendrobium acerosum live 322 44 8 38 109 70 00000 Dendrobium aciculare live 000039000000 Dendrobium acinaciforme live 169 58 883300000 Dendrobium aduncum live 57 0 0 41 200 0 0 500 2280 1500 0 Dendrobium albosanguineum live 388 309 2614 2323 1202 378 00000 Dendrobium aliciae live 15 0000000000 Dendrobium aloifolium live 57 2 21 54 28 500000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 81 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dendrobium amabile live 00000001053290 300 0 Dendrobium amethystoglossum live 2404 0000000000 Dendrobium anceps live 0 0 52 20 36 12 00000 Dendrobium anosmum live 977 303 427 522 592 1982 108 1014 230 100 20 Dendrobium antennatum live 10000000000 Dendrobium aphrodite live 682 634 1039 1993 556 141 00000 Dendrobium aphyllum live 857 2251 1237 2773 9760 2337 0 10 0 0 0 Dendrobium batanense live 32 1000000000 Dendrobium bellatulum live 3222 4193 4237 4953 9422 1547 600 675 50 200 550 Dendrobium bicameratum live 1 15 0 1 66 000000 Dendrobium bifarium live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Dendrobium bigibbum live 000002160000 Dendrobium bilobulatum live 000055000000 Dendrobium binoculare live 00020300000 Dendrobium blumei live 101 0 31 106 120 600000 Dendrobium brevimentum live 00100000000 Dendrobium brongniartii live 61 0000000000 Dendrobium brymerianum dried plants kg 00000000001000 Dendrobium brymerianum live 2868 402 577 286 2980 588 600 0 0 0 230 Dendrobium bullenianum live 276 1000000000 Dendrobium calicopis live 35 0 70 170 219 26 00000 Dendrobium camaridiorum live 0 1 14 00200000 Dendrobium canaliculatum live 6 1206 000000000 Dendrobium capillipes live 2218 2758 4337 3319 11723 1898 100 0 1520 500 0 Dendrobium cariniferum live 1047 500 665 2842 3588 882 100 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium caryicola live 000000020000 Dendrobium casuarinae live 08000000000 Dendrobium ceraula live 50 0000000000 Dendrobium chameleon live 157 0000000000 Dendrobium chlorostylum live 000000031010000 Dendrobium christyanum live 1535 2831 3521 8921 11241 11300 00000 Dendrobium chrysanthum live 469 415 970 1712 657 1438 0 310 60 50 0 Dendrobium chryseum live 45 03731030105000 Dendrobium chrysocrepis live 0 0 0 32 0000000 Dendrobium chrysotoxum live 23621 16240 39450 23738 26521 18041 500 1 80 50 0 Dendrobium clavator live 0020102000000 Dendrobium closterium live 0 14 14 00300000 Dendrobium cobbianum live 100 0000000000 Dendrobium compactum live 1123 757 621 2164 959 126 00000 Dendrobium comptonii live 00000200000 Dendrobium conanthum live 10000010000 Dendrobium concinnum live 80 50 9 32 19 800000 Dendrobium crassicaule live 00000300000 Dendrobium crepidatum live 1768 3330 2586 1953 5572 2062 000020 Dendrobium cretaceum live 177 0 0 0 40 000000 Dendrobium crocatum live 0 120 10 12000000 Dendrobium cruentum live 1606 916 1603 10 0000000 Dendrobium crumenatum live 301 185 233 1245 349 49 00100 Dendrobium crystallinum live 307 1375 723 2778 2957 1692 0 0 0 100 0 Dendrobium cumulatum live 159 35 97 94 1693 400000 Dendrobium curviflorum live 26 0000000000 Dendrobium cuspidatum live 65 350 3 0 34 000000 Dendrobium dantaniense live 0 0 59 216 18 14 0 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium dayanum live 0 0 0 712 0000000 Dendrobium dearei live 1087 0000000000 Dendrobium delacourii live 774 3538 1750 1374 1097 1511 0 0 50 200 0 Dendrobium deltatum live 00210000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 82 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dendrobium densiflorum live 3844 1202 1433 928 638 96 0 10 50 150 0 Dendrobium densifolium live 0 0 1 120 0000000 Dendrobium denudans live 50 0000000000 Dendrobium derryi live 1 0 21 30 35 000000 Dendrobium devonianum live 2047 1924 1082 3379 2275 3356 3 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium dickasonii live 207 421 1358 874 677 436 1 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium dixanthum live 695 603 441 974 996 876 00000 Dendrobium dixonianum live 00011000000 Dendrobium draconis live 1696 2451 3525 4721 3008 697 300 10 1550 1500 0 Dendrobium elephantinum live 232 0000000000 Dendrobium ellipsophyllum live 133 144 65 99 1057 64 30000 Dendrobium exile live 221 270 275 258 9 140 0 0 20 0 0 Dendrobium fairchildae live 60000000000 Dendrobium falconeri live 1369 1117 379 829 1102 616 202 0002 Dendrobium falcorostrum live 00000100000 Dendrobium farmeri live 13912 8360 13498 10466 8150 2762 601 1020 50 0 0 Dendrobium fimbriatum live 748 1743 1060 2789 2157 1533 0 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium findlayanum live 6073 2049 2933 7471 3914 3525 00000 Dendrobium finetianum live 0 28 14 00300023 Dendrobium fleckeri live 00000100000 Dendrobium flexile live 20 0000000000 Dendrobium floribundum live 000020000000 Dendrobium formosum live 3654 2345 4503 5116 7178 2744 0 210 2085 1500 0 Dendrobium friedericksianum live 702 177 349 357 647 226 00100 Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum live 10 50 5 0 176 000000 Dendrobium garrettii live 00900000000 Dendrobium gibsonii live 36 246 134 56 211 154 0 300 140 0 0 Dendrobium goldfinchii live 000000000043 Dendrobium gracilicaule live 2 11 14 10000000 Dendrobium x gracillimum live 00000100000 Dendrobium grande live 0 3 1 159 23 32 00000 Dendrobium gratiosissimum live 691 1473 1272 1348 2364 2866 0 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium gregulus live 0 39 418 10 37 000000 Dendrobium griffithianum live 1097 719 1214 384 925 512 00000 Dendrobium guerreroi live 129 0000000000 Dendrobium hainanense live 000000050000 Dendrobium hancockii live 00000001005000 Dendrobium harveyanum live 1282 1838 2246 1122 3339 1039 0 0 1300 0 200 Dendrobium hemimelanoglossum live 000000002000 Dendrobium hendersonii live 00132000000 Dendrobium henryi live 000055200000 Dendrobium herbaceum dried plants kg 00000023000 0 0 0 11000 Dendrobium herbaceum roots kg 0000000035000 0 0 Dendrobium hercoglossum live 1713 1602 2205 333 1000 646 1 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium heterocarpum live 792 349 405 400 204 125 00000 Dendrobium hymenopterum live 20 0 7 47 22 32 00000 Dendrobium indivisum live 433 65 106 303 61 45 00000 Dendrobium infundibulum live 662 1202 1264 67 832 1526 0 0 50 50 0 Dendrobium involutum live 00000000002 Dendrobium jenkinsii live 0 900 100000000 Dendrobium jonesii ssp. jonesii live 01000000000 Dendrobium junceum live 59 0000000000 Dendrobium kanburiense live 140 0000000000 Dendrobium keithii live 71 5 6 15 405 100000 Dendrobium kentrophyllum live 140 10 12 70 10 96 0 0 20 0 0 Dendrobium kingianum live 00000500000 Dendrobium kratense live 30 0000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 83 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dendrobium lamellatum live 91 274 60 22 0000000 Dendrobium lamii live 0000350000000 Dendrobium lampongense live 10700000000 Dendrobium leonis live 500 745 2201 2156 1545 91 00000 Dendrobium lindleyi live 24875 19199 20513 23140 22327 21290 400 0 1 600 250 Dendrobium linguella live 365 00005000000 Dendrobium lituiflorum live 1046 842 461 1835 986 83 00000 Dendrobium lomatochilum live 000000002000 Dendrobium lowii live 0 0 180 00000000 Dendrobium macranthum live 1 0 14 000200018 Dendrobium macrophyllum live 285 8 0 0 80 000000 Dendrobium mannii live 6 13 42 47 19 200000 Dendrobium masarangense live 00100000000 Dendrobium metachilinum live 00800000000 Dendrobium mirbelianum dried plants 00008000000 Dendrobium miyakei live 80000000000 Dendrobium moniliforme live 40 000000000100 Dendrobium moniliforme dried plants 0000003700 0000 Dendrobium moniliforme dried plants kg 0000005000 0000 Dendrobium monticola live 40 0 1 24 77 000000 Dendrobium mortii live 0 0 14 00200000 Dendrobium moschatum live 459 187 437 407 727 10 0 30 0 0 0 Dendrobium muricatum live 03000200000 Dendrobium nathanielis live 146 36 28 93 190 13 00000 Dendrobium ngoyense live 0 20 000300021 Dendrobium nobile derivatives kg 00006000 0 0 0 56 3000 6 Dendrobium nobile extract flasks 00000000010 Dendrobium nobile roots 0 1000 000000000 Dendrobium nobile derivatives 18000 000000600000 Dendrobium nobile derivatives shipment 8629 92 145 000006553200 Dendrobium nobile live 81 427 13099 745 835 667 400 1776 130 0 0 Dendrobium nobile dried plants kg 00000020000 67000 0 16500 22000 Dendrobium nobile roots kg 0 1000 0 28175 0 24500 39000 0 23000 400000 0 Dendrobium nothofagicola dried plants 00000000001 Dendrobium obtusum live 05000000000 Dendrobium ochraceum live 0000000205000 Dendrobium ochreatum live 284 1285 918 986 2261 1457 00000 Dendrobium odontochilum live 0 30 14 00300000 Dendrobium oligophyllum live 5348 4197 5036 267 1880 1745 00000 Dendrobium oppositifolium live 0 10 000200000 Dendrobium pachyglossum live 195 50 2 55 152 53 00000 Dendrobium pachyphyllum live 113 72 41 254 257 29 00000 Dendrobium palpebrae live 400 195 100 95 114 38 00000 Dendrobium papilio live 200 0000000000 Dendrobium parciflorum live 000000003000 Dendrobium parcum live 259 69 75 200 69 77 100 0 20 0 0 Dendrobium parishii live 6894 7466 6894 9464 12241 4095 00000 Dendrobium peguanum live 100 0 0 0 28 000000 Dendrobium pendulum live 2257 2295 1011 479 405 836 0 300 80 0 0 Dendrobium phalaenopsis live 00200000000 Dendrobium philippinense live 20 0000000000 Dendrobium planibulbe live 0 0 1 53 0000000 Dendrobium platycaulon live 50 0000000000 Dendrobium podagraria live 51 0 30 000002000 Dendrobium polysema live 00000000005 Dendrobium porphyrochilum live 0 0 0 153 0000000 Dendrobium porphyrophyllum live 00802400000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 84 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dendrobium primulinum live 4302 5383 4172 3683 7757 2030 2 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium pulchellum live 424 754 1202 2038 1407 1352 00000 Dendrobium quadrangulare live 119 827 51 25 13 400000 Dendrobium revolutum live 1 60 26 920002000 Dendrobium rhodopterygium live 00000100000 Dendrobium rhodostele live 25 0 0 30 0000000 Dendrobium rigidum live 10000000000 Dendrobium rosellum live 00010000000 Dendrobium salaccense live 38325200000 Dendrobium sanderae live 1138 50 000000000 Dendrobium sanguinolentum live 45 2 9 21 0000000 Dendrobium scabrilingue live 8741 5956 4875 10397 6492 2514 00000 Dendrobium schuetzei live 915 1000000000 Dendrobium secundum live 5931 6005 3657 3622 8709 3242 0 1500 1210 1500 0 Dendrobium seidenfadenii live 1200468000000 Dendrobium senile live 3411 2116 825 3411 9214 3211 00000 Dendrobium serratilabium live 01000000000 Dendrobium sessile live 31 0000000000 Dendrobium signatum live 252 243 236 338 807 1295 00000 Dendrobium speciosum live 00000200000 Dendrobium striolatum live 00000100000 Dendrobium strongylanthum live 0 15 000000000 Dendrobium stuposum live 0061134200000 Dendrobium subclausum live 000002003000 Dendrobium sulcatum live 1615 209 2168 2946 883 1280 0 0 50 0 0 Dendrobium x superbiens live 02010000000 Dendrobium sutepense live 149 177 181 355 1 10 00000 Dendrobium sylvanum live 00000200000 Dendrobium taurinum live 131 0000000000 Dendrobium terminale live 82100501000 Dendrobium tetragonum live 00000100000 Dendrobium tetrodon live 008002000000 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum live 17904 18556 20569 20456 20149 18700 800 2710 735 300 0 Dendrobium torricellianum dried plants 00000000001 Dendrobium tortile live 1021 1352 2356 1347 679 1287 102 20 30 0 20 Dendrobium trigonopus live 401 2556 3698 4587 5679 1896 00000 Dendrobium trinervium live 35 0 6 21 1000000 Dendrobium truncatum live 15 0000000000 Dendrobium unicum live 1774 6322 7346 17515 17290 6471 0000350 Dendrobium uniflorum live 188 3000000000 Dendrobium vagans live 00000000009 Dendrobium venustum live 1098 617 122 2949 2404 149 00000 Dendrobium victoriae-reginae live 2071 0000000000 Dendrobium virgineum live 347 511 403 323 607 989 00000 Dendrobium viridulum live 20000000000 Dendrobium virotii live 0 28 14 00300000 Dendrobium wardianum live 142 1330 851 229 397 576 0 0 0 100 150 Dendrobium wassellii live 00000100000 Dendrobium wattii live 115 0 0 90 0000000 Dendrobium wenzelii live 52 0000000000 Dendrobium williamsianum live 0 0 2 53 11 000000 Dendrobium williamsonii live 0 2 2 50 116 30 0 0 0 100 0 Dendrobium wilmsianum live 11 50 17 243 77 45 00000 Dendrobium xanthophlebium live 00800000000 Dendrochilum spp. live 300 000003500000 Dendrochilum arachnites live 58 0000000000 Dendrochilum filiforme live 20 0000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 85 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dendrochilum glumaceum live 682 0000000000 Dendrochilum gracile live 40 0000000000 Dendrophylax spp. live 0 0 0 25 4000000 Dendrophylax barrettiae live 0 0 123 010601500 Dendrophylax fawcettii live 00011000000 Dendrophylax funalis live 1 0 29 50 0 5 1 28 0 0 0 Dendrophylax helorrhiza live 00000500000 Dendrophylax varius dried plants 00000001000 Diaphananthe pellucida live 0 0 30 24 0000000 Diaphananthe quintasii live 00030000000 Dichaea spp. dried plants 060001306070 Dichaea spp. live 91 9 2 63 4 6 4 19 13 4 0 Dichaea australis dried plants 00000200000 Dichaea brachypoda live 00000024000 Dichaea glauca dried plants 00000202000 Dichaea glauca live 00000412000 Dichaea hystricina dried plants 00000201000 Dichaea hystricina live 00010200000 Dichaea morrisii live 00020301000 Dichaea muricatoides live 00010130100 Dichaea panamensis live 00010002000 Dichaea pendula live 00000400000 Dichaea picta live 39200030000 Dichaea squarrosa live 000020000000 Dichaea trichocarpa live 00001100000 Dichaea trulla live 00000202000 Dichaea verrucosa live 00000010000 Didiciea spp. live 00100000000 Dilomilis montana live 000001000000 Dilomilis oligophylla dried plants 00000001000 Dimerandra spp. live 0030075251000 Dimerandra emarginata live 100 250 30 71 257 79 11 69 0 0 76 Dimorphorchis lowei live 000001000000 Dinema spp. live 00000110000 Diplocaulobium spp. live 100003000062 Diplocaulobium filiforme live 103 0000000000 Diplocaulobium ou-hinnae live 00000200000 Diploprora championi live 000059000000 Dipodium spp. live 0 0 23 00010000 Dipodium paludosum live 148 00000115000 Dipodium pictum dried plants 00000000001 Dipodium pictum live 002105200000 Disa spp. live 70 101 0 20 004001068 Disa aconitoides ssp. goetzeana live 00000000002 Disa alticola live 00000000001 Disa amoena live 00002000000 Disa andringitrana live 0 0 0 35 00001000 Disa atricapilla live 00000000002 Disa aurata live 00000000001 Disa buchenaviana live 0 0 2 61 0000102 Disa cardinalis live 00000000001 Disa caulescens live 00000000001 Disa cephalotes live 00000000003 Disa chrysostachya live 00000000001 Disa cooperi live 00000000001 Disa cornuta live 00000000003 Disa crassicornis live 00000000001

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 86 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Disa cylindrica live 00000000003 Disa draconis live 00000000002 Disa elegans live 00000000001 Disa erubescens live 00000000001 Disa ferruginea live 00000000002 Disa hallackii live 00000000003 Disa harveiana live 00000000002 Disa incarnata live 8 6 12 71 11 515101 Disa maculata live 00000000001 Disa nivea live 00000000001 Disa oreophila live 00000000002 Disa patula live 00000000002 Disa pulchra live 00000000001 Disa rhodantha live 00000000001 Disa robusta live 00000000001 Disa sagittalis live 00000000002 Disa saxicola live 00000000001 Disa telipogonis live 00000000002 Disa tenella live 00000000001 Disa tenuifolia live 00000000002 Disa tripetaloides live 00000000001 Disa tysonii live 00000000001 Disa uncinata live 30000000000 Disa vaginata live 00000000001 Disa versicolor live 00000000004 Disperis spp. live 00000070202 Disperis oppositifolia dried plants 00000200000 Disperis trilineata dried plants 00100000000 Domingoa hymenodes live 00000100000 Domingoa nodosa dried plants 00000003000 Domingoa nodosa live 00000204000 Doritis spp. live 0 20 2 0 500 640000 Doritis pulcherrima live 1845 7066 1435 110 554 533 6 15 0 0 0 Dracula spp. dried plants 00000002000 Dracula spp. live 000000031004 Dracula erythrochaete dried plants 01000000000 Dracula erythrochaete ssp. astuta live 00000006000 Dracula gigas live 50000000000 Dracula hirtzii live 50000006000 Dracula nycterina live 00000004000 Dracula polyphemus live 20000006000 Dracula simia live 00000003000 Dracula trichroma live 50000000000 Dracula tubeana live 00000003000 Dracula vampira live 000000012000 Dracula vespertilio live 50000006000 Dracula woolwardiae live 10000000000 Dresslerella hispida dried plants 00000001000 Dressleria spp. live 06000000044 Dressleria dilecta live 00000000001 Dryadella spp. live 10 0 0 1 80 0000014 Dryadella linearifolia live 00010200000 Dryadella obrieniana live 00010000000 Drymoda siamensis live 3 45 000000000 Earina spp. live 00000720000 Earina deplanchei live 00000300000 Earina mucronata live 00000010000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 87 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Earina valida live 0 0 14 00200000 Elleanthus spp. dried plants 0200010190590 Elleanthus spp. live 07006001002 Elleanthus capitatus live 00000001000 Elleanthus caricoides live 00000200000 Elleanthus cephalotus live 00000000200 Elleanthus cordidactylus dried plants 00000001000 Elleanthus cynarocephalus live 00000002000 Elleanthus graminifolius live 00000200000 Elleanthus hymenophorus dried plants 00000001000 Elleanthus lentii live 02000000000 Elleanthus linifolius live 00000400000 Elleanthus longibracteatus live 00000305000 Elleanthus muscicola live 00000200000 Elleanthus poiformis live 03000200000 Elleanthus tonduzii live 00000200000 Elleanthus tricallosus dried plants 00000001000 Encyclia spp. dried plants 000004000020 Encyclia spp. live 7 128 113 84 44 47 50 360 53 22 10 Encyclia adenocarpon live 1 0 10 00000190 Encyclia adenocaula live 05000000000 Encyclia alata live 251 924 1515 424 857 219 751 35 0 0 202 Encyclia allemanii live 00000001000 Encyclia amanda live 0 100 0 7 9 14 52 95 0 0 42 Encyclia aspera live 000000750000 Encyclia baculus dried plants 00000000100 Encyclia baculus live 0 0 15 04347320 Encyclia bennettii live 00000000040 Encyclia boothiana live 0 0 55 0 63 602 150 367 50 100 0 Encyclia boothiana ssp. boothiana live 151 225 50 118 128 105 39 21 0 0 47 Encyclia bractescens live 367 703 789 175 1045 1666 257 1265 0 100 566 Encyclia brassavolae live 00000002500 Encyclia chacaoensis live 0 200 25 04004200 Encyclia chapadensis live 00000004000 Encyclia chloroleuca live 00300400000 Encyclia citrina live 05000000000 Encyclia cochleata dried plants 00000201000 Encyclia cochleata live 11 2 100 85 25 50 8 121 65 3 0 Encyclia cordigera live 0 100 10 0 50 75 02100 Encyclia dickinsoniana live 50 0 10 00000000 Encyclia diota live 00014000000 Encyclia distantiflora live 00000009000 Encyclia fragrans live 9 113 230 324 43 3 151 131 57 0 9 Encyclia garciana live 0 10 000000000 Encyclia gravida live 00000300000 Encyclia guatemalensis dried plants 00000400000 Encyclia guatemalensis live 3 0 15 42 321 9 94 82 0 0 15 Encyclia ionophlebia live 00000000100 Encyclia linearifolioides live 10000000000 Encyclia livida live 10000200000 Encyclia mariae live 37 0000000000 Encyclia michuacana live 000000200600250 Encyclia microtos live 000000000100 Encyclia nematocaulon live 0000169500000 Encyclia ochracea live 00000002500 Encyclia oncidioides live 02500010100 Encyclia papillosa live 00004000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 88 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Encyclia polybulbon live 0 0 15 10 86402400 Encyclia prismatocarpa live 01000000000 Encyclia pseudopygmaea live 00000030000 Encyclia pygmaea dried plants 00000003000 Encyclia pygmaea live 0 0 5 73 14631240 Encyclia radiata live 292 500 100 87 608 320 570 293 0 100 68 Encyclia randii live 00000004000 Encyclia selligera live 29030060000 Encyclia stellata live 0000156000000 Encyclia tampensis live 0 3 210 16 57 300 00000 Encyclia venezuelana live 03000000000 Encyclia vespa dried plants 000000012000 Encyclia vespa live 39531036000 Encyclia viridiflora live 02000005000 Encyclia vitellina live 0 10 000000000 Eparmatostigma spp. live 00000010000 Eparmatostigma dives live 00000010000 Epiblastus spp. dried plants 000000000230 Epiblastus spp. live 00000110000 Epidanthus muscicola live 00000200000 Epidanthus paranthicus live 00000001000 Epidendrum spp. dried plants 06000140811480 Epidendrum spp. live 67 93 14 5 68 101 55 217 63 20 0 Epidendrum aggregatum live 01000000000 Epidendrum alabastrialatum live 00000010000 Epidendrum angustifolium live 001010000180 Epidendrum annabellae live 00000600000 Epidendrum anoglossoides dried plants 00000001000 Epidendrum aquaticoides live 01000000000 Epidendrum arbusculum dried plants 00300000000 Epidendrum arbusculum live 00001000000 Epidendrum carpophorum dried plants 00000001000 Epidendrum carpophorum live 00004110040 Epidendrum ciliare live 75 115 0 2 100 453 525 4 52 100 290 Epidendrum clowesii live 0001250030000 Epidendrum cnemidophorum live 00010000000 Epidendrum conopseum live 00002000000 Epidendrum coriifolium live 00000001000 Epidendrum coronatum live 04000000000 Epidendrum cristatum live 1 0 0 35 0 2 100 0000 Epidendrum diffusum live 0 0 0 38 2 56 9 94 4 6 0 Epidendrum evectum live 03000000000 Epidendrum firmum dried plants 00000001000 Epidendrum frigidum live 01000000000 Epidendrum fulgens live 00000400000 Epidendrum gastropodium live 02000000000 Epidendrum hartii live 01000000000 Epidendrum hiorami dried plants 00000206000 Epidendrum hodgeanum live 03000000000 Epidendrum ibaguense live 0 28 000240000 Epidendrum imatophyllum live 78 75 0 82 80 61 72 45 0 0 0 Epidendrum isochilum live 00000500000 Epidendrum isomerum live 00010000000 Epidendrum jajense live 02200000000 Epidendrum jamaicense live 00000000100 Epidendrum kingsii live 00011000000 Epidendrum lacustre live 03004002000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 89 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Epidendrum lanipes live 000000000100 Epidendrum latilabre live 00000300000 Epidendrum laucheanum dried plants 01000000000 Epidendrum leucochilum live 01000000000 Epidendrum luetzelbergii live 10 0000000000 Epidendrum macrocarpum live 00000004000 Epidendrum mirabile live 00002000000 Epidendrum myodes dried plants 01000000000 Epidendrum nitens live 0000481570000 Epidendrum nocturnum dried plants 00000502000 Epidendrum nocturnum live 99 64 75 158 192 74 79 121 17 10 30 Epidendrum nutans live 0 50 0 61 0 14 01004 Epidendrum x obrienianum live 000001400000 Epidendrum oerstedii live 00004000000 Epidendrum pallens live 50000000000 Epidendrum paniculatum dried plants 00300000000 Epidendrum paniculatum live 0 75 2 80 51 902100 Epidendrum paranaense dried plants 00000005000 Epidendrum parkinsonianum live 1 20 0 0 15 2 11 2400 Epidendrum phoeniceum dried plants 00000300000 Epidendrum phoeniceum live 00000540000 Epidendrum pichinchae live 07000000000 Epidendrum pyriforme dried plants 00000200000 Epidendrum pyriforme live 00000100000 Epidendrum radicans live 00004532300 Epidendrum ramosum dried plants 00000022000 Epidendrum ramosum live 020000011050 Epidendrum repens dried plants 00000005000 Epidendrum repens live 00000300000 Epidendrum rigidiflorum live 01000000000 Epidendrum rigidum dried plants 00000021000 Epidendrum rigidum live 4 53 4 180 70 3 108 37 19 0 0 Epidendrum rivulare dried plants 00000001000 Epidendrum sancti-ramoni live 00000202000 Epidendrum scriptum live 000029000000 Epidendrum secundum dried plants 00000231000 Epidendrum secundum live 9 80 2 50 32 13 13 15 40 21 3 Epidendrum selaginella dried plants 01000000000 Epidendrum serrulatum live 00100820000 Epidendrum stamfordianum live 168 232 130 147 244 1534 825 2145 2 3 302 Epidendrum strobiliferum live 1 0 0 95 68 24 50000 Epidendrum suaveolens live 03000000000 Epidendrum tomlinsonianum live 00100002000 Epidendrum viviparum live 02000000000 Epigeneium spp. live 00000030020000100 Epigeneium acuminatum live 100 0000000000 Epigeneium amplum live 2 103 1439 154 191 85 10000 Epigeneium chapaense live 00000001000 Epigeneium coelogyne live 20 173 114 105 189 100000 Epigeneium lyonii live 1744 0000000000 Epigeneium verruciferum live 0 8 14 00000000 Epipactis atrorubens live 00000002000 Epistephium spp. live 00000001000 Eria spp. dried plants 0000013000162 Eria spp. live 439 51 45 792 54 62 149 51 0 0 100 Eria acervata live 138 50 65 51 42 000000 Eria albidotomentosa live 64 53 138 775 41 18 0 20 0 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 90 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Eria albiflora live 00040000000 Eria aliciae live 50000000000 Eria amica live 71 9 75 34000000 Eria biflora live 30 165016010000 Eria brachystachya live 25 0000000000 Eria bractescens live 106 44 285 52 25 25 00000 Eria cepifolia live 00020000000 Eria concolor live 00173200000 Eria cylindrostachya live 32 0000000000 Eria cymbiformis live 20000000000 Eria dacrydium live 0000001015000 Eria dasyphylla live 154 510 090000000 Eria dasypus live 00092000000 Eria densa live 250 345 248 182 77 11 00000 Eria discolor live 30043600000 Eria elmeri live 10000000000 Eria flava extract kg 00000000000 Eria flava live 0 35 000000000 Eria floribunda live 133 000030010000 Eria formosana live 32 0000000000 Eria giungii live 000000100000 Eria hyacinthoides live 000001000000 Eria iridifolia live 00010000000 Eria javanica live 25 40 40 24 44 19 00000 Eria lamellata live 10000000000 Eria latilabellis live 01000000000 Eria longissima live 25 0000000000 Eria lyonii live 20000000000 Eria merguensis live 00001000000 Eria merrillii live 33 0000000000 Eria multiflora live 00010000000 Eria muscicola live 00000001000 Eria nudicaulis live 46 0000000000 Eria obesa live 0 1 0 14 0 15 00000 Eria ornata live 153 215 632 1732 69 15 100 0000 Eria ovata live 00102000000 Eria pachystachya live 006231400000 Eria pannea live 69 301 25 13 9 139 10 15 0 0 0 Eria philippinensis live 27 0000000000 Eria pilifera live 0 0 36 40200000 Eria profusa live 50 0000000000 Eria pubescens extract kg 00000000000 Eria pubescens live 02730200000 Eria pulchella live 4 0 27 32800000 Eria pumila live 02100000000 Eria pusilla live 00100000000 Eria rostriflora live 00000010000 Eria siamensis live 102 65 1 6 0 15 00000 Eria spicata live 191 0 20 7 0 10 10 25 0 0 0 Eria stricta live 00690000000 Eria thwaitesii live 0000001000000 Eria tomentosa live 0 11 023100000 Eria tomentosiflora live 10000000000 Eria truncata live 102 0000000000 Eria ventricosa live 25 0000000000 Eria vieillardii live 0 8 14 00000000 Eria xanthocheila live 0 0 13 00000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 91 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Eriaxis rigida live 6 8 14 00300000 Eriopsis spp. live 0 11 000000000 Eriopsis biloba live 0 0 25 0 15 002000 Erythrodes spp. dried plants 06000000000 Erythrodes spp. live 086321420000 Erythrodes calophylla live 03000000000 Erythrodes hirtella live 00000300000 Erythrodes killipii live 00020200000 Erythrodes nobilis live 00055000000 Erythrodes plantaginea dried plants 00000002000 Erythrodes plantaginea live 00200020000 Erythrodes vesicifera live 03000000000 Euanthe sanderiana live 00030100000 Eulophia spp. dried plants 0 5 0 13 0000000 Eulophia spp. live 677 95 74 136 168 26 122 6 19 14 9 Eulophia andamanensis live 50 0 265 283 122 22 00000 Eulophia beravensis live 00007000000 Eulophia burkei live 15 170 30 00000000 Eulophia dufossei live 354 3000300000 Eulophia epidendraea live 00300000000 Eulophia flava live 0 0 9 14 33 40 00000 Eulophia galbana live 0 0 0 10 7000000 Eulophia graminea live 24 2 8 18 11 196 00000 Eulophia grandidieri live 00500000000 Eulophia hologlossa live 00007000000 Eulophia horsfallii live 00007000000 Eulophia humbertii live 00007000000 Eulophia keithii live 96 130 159 22 66 200000 Eulophia livingstoneana live 00507000000 Eulophia macrobulbon live 78 55 56 522 9 14 00000 Eulophia macrobulbon roots 0 0 0 500 0000000 Eulophia macrostachya live 0 0 0 12 7000000 Eulophia milnei live 00020000000 Eulophia nervosa live 00007000000 Eulophia nyasae live 20 10 207030000 Eulophia palmicola live 0 0 15 20000000 Eulophia ramosa live 00010000000 Eulophia scripta live 0 0 0 10 7000000 Eulophia siamensis live 000001300000 Eulophia spectabilis live 16 5 9 13 54 52 0 20 0 0 0 Eulophia stricta live 0 0 10 20 0000000 Eulophiella spp. live 002405115150 Eulophiella elisabethae live 57 87 15 88 61 51 48 7 13 2 0 Eulophiella roempleriana live 50 53 11 30 52 60 21 1220 Eurychone rothschildiana live 0 0 0 155 0000000 Eurystyles ananassocomos live 00000040500 Eurystyles auriculata dried plants 00300000000 Fernandezia spp. dried plants 00000000010 Fernandezia spp. live 00000000001 Fernandezia ionanthera live 60000000000 Flickingeria spp. live 39 8 1 0 40 020000 Flickingeria albopurpurea live 0 0 1 295 60 000000 Flickingeria compressa live 0 0 1 20 50 000000 Flickingeria fimbriata live 50 50 17 24 14 36 000010 Flickingeria macraei live 020000002000 Flickingeria pallens live 0 0 2 50 6 27 00000 Flickingeria pardalina live 22 2 11 24 0000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 92 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Flickingeria pumila live 1 2452 0 0 0 20 00000 Flickingeria scopa live 30 0000000000 Fregea amabilis live 01000200000 Galeandra spp. live 000089010020001000 Galeandra batemanii live 176 385 225 182 82 590 294 118 0 0 0 Galeandra baueri live 1 0 0 52 200 851 250 305 0 0 0 Galearis spectabilis live 20000000000 Galeola spp. extract kg 00000000000 Gastrochilus spp. live 270 1004 102 0 50 0 204 0000 Gastrochilus acaulis live 0 7 86 78 29 42 0 20 30 0 0 Gastrochilus bellinus live 945 569 850 202 244 99 00000 Gastrochilus biggibus live 0000000253000 Gastrochilus dasypogon live 907 1105 1058 340 522 124 00000 Gastrochilus intermedius live 1 0 151 00000000 Gastrodia spp. roots kg 0000000100000 Gastrodia elata derivatives 0001600000000 Gastrodia elata derivatives kg 0 300 0 0 30 0 0 469 162 0 0 Gastrodia elata dried plants 00010000000 Gastrodia elata roots kg 00000000505000 0 Genyorchis pumila live 0 0 0 37 0000000 Geodorum spp. live 4 12 001010000 Geodorum citrinum live 39 42 616 31000000 Geodorum densiflorum live 0 4 11 40 11 000000 Geodorum nutans live 20000000000 Geodorum purpureum live 65 0 10 35 10 000000 Geodorum siamense live 0000002010000 Glomera spp. live 00000810600 Glossorhyncha spp. live 00000500000 Gomesa planifolia live 00000001000 Gomphichis spp. dried plants 00000500000 Gonatostylis vieillardii live 0 28 14 00300000 Gongora spp. dried plants 00000100000 Gongora spp. live 14 11 9 26 28 22 325 151 10 160 72 Gongora aceras live 00200000000 Gongora armeniaca live 1000501001000000 Gongora cassidea live 00004144600 Gongora fulva live 00000000040 Gongora quinquenervis live 26 238 2 75 30 277 43 17 0 13 8 Gongora sanderiana live 000002005000 Gongora scaphephorus live 00000008000 Gongora truncata dried plants 00000000100 Gongora unicolor dried plants 00000000100 Gongora unicolor live 0 50 0 0 43 200 0 100 0 0 0 Goodyera spp. dried plants 000000027000 Goodyera spp. live 0000219200100 Goodyera rubicunda dried plants 00000002000 Goodyera viridiflora live 0 0 14 00000000 Govenia spp. dried plants 00000100000 Govenia spp. live 00014200000 Grammangis spp. live 112010612021 Grammangis ellisii live 253 81 69 262 217 120 92 14 4 5 0 Grammangis fallax live 0 3 3 18 18 59 22 0300 Grammangis spectabilis live 4 19 6 10 9 1 10 0010 Grammatophyllum spp. dried plants 00000000090 Grammatophyllum spp. live 10 33 0 29 100 010000 Grammatophyllum scriptum live 1245 20 100000000 Grammatophyllum scriptum var. tigrinum live 30 16 000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 93 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Grammatophyllum speciosum live 111 87 93 69 129 14 10000 Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum live 1000100000000 Graphorkis spp. live 000002000000 Graphorkis scripta live 0001020110000 Grosourdya spp. live 00000010000 Grosourdya appendiculata live 1 1300 17 136 6 23 10000 Grosourdya muscosa live 00002000000 Gudrunia tuerckheimii live 00000400000 Gunnarella spp. live 00000700000 Gunnarella aymardii live 10000000000 Gymnadenia conopsea derivatives shipment 0000000018000 Gymnadenia conopsea dried plants 00010000000 Habenaria spp. dried plants 00030102010010 Habenaria spp. live 5400 17946 6206 12584 225 10 1 15 0 4 500 Habenaria acuifera live 50 0 0 0 5840 000000 Habenaria acuticalcar live 01000000000 Habenaria carnea live 10606 10200 978 483 130 400000 Habenaria chlorina live 802 0000000000 Habenaria columbae live 1096 3500000000 Habenaria dentata live 1066 54 10 02000000 Habenaria floribunda dried plants 00300000000 Habenaria lindleyana live 00020000000 Habenaria malintana live 000000110000 Habenaria medioflexa live 60 5 72 12 4000000 Habenaria medusa live 0 0 20 00000000 Habenaria monorrhiza dried plants 00000001000 Habenaria monorrhiza live 00000010000 Habenaria quinqueseta dried plants 00000200000 Habenaria quinqueseta live 00000000030 Habenaria repens live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Habenaria rhodocheila live 29883 41337 46858 57836 23286 5100 1 0 20 0 3500 Habenaria rhodocheila roots 0 12142 18700 3240 0000000 Habenaria roseata live 61 0 0 11 0000000 Habenaria rostrata live 0 0 0 11 0000000 Hapalorchis lineatus live 00000300000 Harrisella porrecta live 0 0 17 0 25 0 0 0 17 0 0 Herschelianthe barbata live 00000000001 Herschelianthe graminifolia live 00000000002 Herschelianthe purpurascens live 00000000002 Herschelianthe spathulata live 00000000001 Hexadesmia spp. live 00000030000 Hexadesmia crurigera live 00000200000 Hexadesmia micrantha live 00004232000 Hexadesmia pulchella live 00200000000 Hexisea spp. live 56 0 0 0 30 9 1 84 0 0 0 Hexisea bidentata live 00000322100 Hexisea imbricata live 00000000020 Hispaniella henekenii live 00000200000 Holcoglossum spp. live 00000013000 Holcoglossum amesianum live 5 235 041000000 Holcoglossum kimballianum live 719 1297 419 668 383 703 27 0000 Holcoglossum subulifolium live 100 266 3 15 67 0 222 10 0 0 0 Homalopetalum pumilio live 00000224200 Houlletia spp. live 0 38 000000040 Houlletia odoratissima live 20000000000 Houlletia tigrina live 00200000002 Huntleya spp. dried plants 00000000020

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 94 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Huntleya spp. live 86000000002 Huntleya citrina live 00300000000 Huntleya fasciata live 000030000000 Huntleya meleagris live 11000002000 Huntleya wallisii live 00300000000 Hygrochilus spp. live 00000010000 Hygrochilus parishii live 468 548 892 925 935 962 1 0 20 0 0 Hymenorchis spp. live 65 0000300000 Ionopsis spp. live 13 1001000000 Ionopsis satyrioides live 20 152 174 2 1 47 103 6 8 16 0 Ionopsis utricularioides live 128 360 50 60 132 17 27 76 72 5 0 Isabelia spp. live 000000500000 Isochilus spp. dried plants 00000300000 Isochilus spp. live 55 0 0 90 30 4 5 62 7 2 0 Isochilus carnosiflorus live 0000027513000 Isochilus latibracteatus live 00004000000 Isochilus linearis dried plants 00000005000 Isochilus linearis live 2 2 155 20 122 29 51 5116 Jacquiniella spp. dried plants 00000001000 Jacquiniella spp. live 00006153282820 Jacquiniella cobanensis live 00000010000 Jacquiniella globosa dried plants 00000003020 Jacquiniella globosa live 70 300 001010010 Jacquiniella teretifolia dried plants 00000221000 Jacquiniella teretifolia live 00208307000 Jumellea spp. dried plants 070900010005 Jumellea spp. live 113 35 20 190 27 70 13 45 5 30 0 Jumellea ambrensis live 000000003000 Jumellea amplifolia live 000010000000 Jumellea angustifolia live 69 0 13 8 41 40 221015 Jumellea anjouanensis live 30000000000 Jumellea arachnantha live 30000000000 Jumellea arborescens live 3 4 21 90000002 Jumellea bathiei live 000010000000 Jumellea brachycentra live 3000101602000 Jumellea brevifolia live 000001000000 Jumellea confusa dried plants 00010000000 Jumellea confusa live 00040800000 Jumellea cyrtoceras live 0000301000000 Jumellea densifoliata live 610110000000 Jumellea flavescens live 000001000000 Jumellea fragrans live 0 0 0 10 10 000000 Jumellea gracilipes live 29 10 0 1 23 20 0 21 0 0 1 Jumellea henryi live 0 0 6 19 39 35 28200 Jumellea hyalina live 000010000000 Jumellea ibityana live 59 29 48 249 35 37 12 11 5 3 10 Jumellea intricata live 30000000000 Jumellea lignosa live 01000000000 Jumellea linearipetala live 30000000000 Jumellea major live 68 39 57 65 62 67 40 17 7 1 0 Jumellea maxillarioides live 122 8 13 17 23 46 02500 Jumellea neglecta live 12 1030000000 Jumellea pachyura live 0 0 0 10 10 000000 Jumellea pandurata live 82 196 15 414 256 126 10 15 6 0 0 Jumellea peyrotii live 82000000000 Jumellea punctata live 48 15 66 67 5 26 11 33 4 3 0 Jumellea recta live 00000030000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 95 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Jumellea rigida live 91 31 65 38 28 23 10 3500 Jumellea sagittata live 00030000500 Jumellea similis live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Jumellea teretifolia live 414 19 44 98 45 62 15530 Kalopternix sophronites live 00000000010 Kefersteinia spp. live 33023000006 Kefersteinia bertoldii live 000000000200 Kefersteinia costaricensis dried plants 00300000000 Kefersteinia costaricensis live 00030000000 Kefersteinia gemma live 25 0000000000 Kefersteinia lactea live 02030000000 Kegeliella spp. live 00000004002 Kegeliella kupperi live 00000200000 Kingidium spp. live 61000020000 Kingidium chibae live 0000000156000 Kingidium decumbens live 185 91 532 126 597 85 0 0 10 0 10 Kingidium deliciosum live 0 21 1125 1000 51 80 20000 Kingidium minus live 00042000000 Kingidium taenialis live 163 0000000000 Koellensteinia spp. live 50000000000 Koellensteinia tricolor live 100020000000 Lacaena spp. live 00000009900 Lacaena spectabilis live 00000030000 Laelia spp. live 000002000160 Laelia anceps live 2 25 100005000 Laelia angereri live 10000000000 Laelia autumnalis live 02000000000 Laelia cinnabarina live 10000000000 Laelia flava live 00001000000 Laelia lundii live 0000125001000 Laelia purpurata live 00400000000 Laelia rubescens live 0 15 0 0 50 270000 Laelia sincorana live 10500000000 Laelia speciosa live 0 20 000000000 Laeliopsis domingensis dried plants 00000008000 Laeliopsis domingensis live 00020005000 Lanium avicula live 10000000000 Lemboglossum spp. live 00000001080 Lemboglossum bictoniense live 00000030000 Lemurella spp. live 40000000000 Lemurella culicifera live 00010000001 Lemurorchis madagascariensis live 00000501000 Leochilus spp. live 00001010040 Leochilus labiatus dried plants 00000001000 Leochilus labiatus live 00900033550 Leochilus scriptus live 00000002500 Lepanthes spp. dried plants 30 15 000720670540 Lepanthes spp. live 77 7 0 83 7 29 5 3 3 154 18 Lepanthes acuminata live 000010000030 Lepanthes ciliata dried plants 00000060000 Lepanthes cochlearifolia live 00000020000 Lepanthes comet-halleyi live 00000001000 Lepanthes costaricensis live 00004000000 Lepanthes diaziae dried plants 00000050000 Lepanthes disticha live 00010100050 Lepanthes divaricata live 00010000300 Lepanthes domingensis live 00000300000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 96 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Lepanthes dorsalis dried plants 00000330000 Lepanthes dorsalis live 00000500000 Lepanthes dressleri dried plants 00000070000 Lepanthes elata live 00030000000 Lepanthes fulva dried plants 00000040000 Lepanthes guatemalensis live 000000015000 Lepanthes helleri live 00004000000 Lepanthes intermedia live 00000022000 Lepanthes melanocaulon dried plants 00000080000 Lepanthes melanocaulon live 00000200000 Lepanthes mentosa dried plants 05000000000 Lepanthes minima-mundana dried plants 00000050000 Lepanthes multiflora live 000000052000 Lepanthes obliquiloba dried plants 00000020000 Lepanthes obtusa live 000000018050 Lepanthes obtusipetala live 00700000000 Lepanthes ovalis live 00000000060 Lepanthes palpebralis dried plants 00000001000 Lepanthes pulchella live 00700000000 Lepanthes silvae dried plants 00000030000 Lepanthes trichodactyla dried plants 00000080000 Lepanthes turialvae live 00030000000 Lepanthes woodiana live 00000020000 Lepanthopsis spp. live 000003000001 Lepanthopsis melanantha live 00300000000 Leptotes bicolor live 00803000000 Leptotes unicolor live 0308160000000 Lesliea mirabilis live 10100000000 Liparis spp. dried plants 00020003000 Liparis spp. live 1 94 30 8 5 16 204 803 5 0 5 Liparis anthericoides live 00003000100 Liparis bootanensis live 0 10 010000000 Liparis caespitosa live 00001030000 Liparis cardiophylla live 00002000000 Liparis condylobulbon live 10 5030030000 Liparis elata live 000100244000 Liparis elliptica live 08000000000 Liparis ferruginea live 10000000000 Liparis gibbosa live 40000000000 Liparis gracilipes live 00020000000 Liparis lacerata live 00010000000 Liparis latifolia live 0 0 0 24 2100000 Liparis laxa live 08000000000 Liparis layardii live 6 30 14 00020022 Liparis listeroides live 00002000000 Liparis loeselii live 000000001200 Liparis nervosa live 00000300000 Liparis nutans live 30 0000000000 Liparis pallida live 00010000000 Liparis parviflora live 00010000000 Liparis resupinata live 00240000000 Liparis rhodochila live 000003000000 Liparis rivalis live 00002000000 Liparis vestita live 0 0 0 24 2000000 Liparis viridiflora live 70 0 42 2 6 50 00000 Liparis wrayi live 20001000000 Listera spp. live 0000001000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 97 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Lockhartia spp. dried plants 01000001000 Lockhartia spp. live 030001073000 Lockhartia acuta live 05000000000 Lockhartia amoena dried plants 00000003000 Lockhartia amoena live 00000202000 Lockhartia hercodonta live 01000200030 Lockhartia imbricata live 02000000000 Lockhartia lunifera live 00000003000 Lockhartia micrantha live 00000200000 Lockhartia oerstedii live 00000002000 Lockhartia pittieri live 000010200000 Lockhartia serra live 00000200000 Ludisia spp. live 01010270000 Ludisia discolor live 50 275 1018 240 12958 0 0 10 0 0 0 Luisia spp. live 14 64 45 0 0 21 100 0000 Luisia amesiana live 51 0000000000 Luisia antennifera live 27 0000000000 Luisia macrotis live 000016000000 Luisia psyche live 9 0 34 68 7000000 Luisia recurva live 000005000000 Luisia secunda live 3 41 000000000 Luisia teres live 00000050000 Luisia teretifolia live 202 0 11 3 10 000000 Luisia thailandica live 121342700000 Luisia tristis live 500000002000 Luisia zollingeri live 0 3 2 13 13 32 0 0 20 0 0 Lycaste spp. live 14 128 02782504910160 Lycaste aromatica live 0 50 5 10 75 450 259 510 50 150 0 Lycaste barringtoniae dried plants 00000002000 Lycaste barringtoniae live 0 0 62 02306040 Lycaste brevispatha live 00000002000 Lycaste ciliata live 000000000200 Lycaste cochleata live 70 350 0 1 46 10 06000 Lycaste cruenta live 0001001250000 Lycaste dyeriana live 00000000010 Lycaste leucantha live 000045501000000 Lycaste macrophylla live 10 0200000000 Lycaste powellii live 00000000100 Lycaste skinneri live 0000002000000 Lycaste tricolor live 00000002000 Lycomormium spp. live 0 23 000000000 Macodes spp. dried plants 000000000140 Macodes spp. live 00000500000 Macradenia spp. live 000005000000 Macradenia brassavolae live 156 330 0 38 77 12 175 231 0 0 30 Macradenia lutescens live 0 13 6 13 1 36 2 10 0 7 0 Macradenia multiflora live 50000000000 Macropodanthus spp. live 00000030000 Macropodanthus alatus live 00000030000 Malaxis spp. dried plants 00000603000 Malaxis spp. live 38 00067230030 Malaxis latifolia live 000002000000 Malaxis massonii live 00000800000 Malaxis maxonii dried plants 00300000000 Malaxis perakensis live 000002000000 Malaxis pittieri live 03000000000 Malaxis taurina live 5 28 000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 98 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Malaxis unifolia dried plants 00000100000 Malleola spp. live 00001010000 Malleola altocarinata live 00208000000 Malleola dentifera live 17 1 235 0 22 010000 Masdevallia spp. dried plants 500002000270 Masdevallia spp. live 29 52 0 0 0 202 100 900 53 155 212 Masdevallia abbreviata live 00000000060 Masdevallia agaster live 50000000000 Masdevallia ampullacea live 50000000000 Masdevallia andreettaeana live 50000000000 Masdevallia angulata live 50000000000 Masdevallia attenuata live 00000002000 Masdevallia calura live 02000000000 Masdevallia cardiantha live 00000000050 Masdevallia caudata live 0000002000000 Masdevallia chaparensis live 00000002000 Masdevallia chontalensis dried plants 02000000000 Masdevallia chontalensis live 0 0 10 0 15 002000 Masdevallia coccinea live 000000030000 Masdevallia collina live 000050000000 Masdevallia cucullata live 50000000000 Masdevallia cyclotega live 000010000000 Masdevallia erinacea live 00000000100 Masdevallia floribunda live 0 0 10 1 200 0 0 300 1 0 0 Masdevallia garciae live 03000000000 Masdevallia herradurae live 20 0000000000 Masdevallia hirtzii live 50000000000 Masdevallia infracta live 00002000000 Masdevallia limax live 50000000000 Masdevallia limax ssp. maxilimax live 50000000000 Masdevallia mendozae live 50000000000 Masdevallia mentosa live 40000000000 Masdevallia mezae live 000000000200 Masdevallia nicaraguae live 00000040000 Masdevallia patriciana live 50000000000 Masdevallia picturata live 01000002000 Masdevallia portillae live 50000000000 Masdevallia pumila live 50000000000 Masdevallia rigens live 00000000060 Masdevallia rolfeana live 02000000000 Masdevallia roseola live 50000000000 Masdevallia sanctae-inesae live 50000000000 Masdevallia schizopetala dried plants 01000000000 Masdevallia setacea live 50000000000 Masdevallia triangularis live 50000000000 Masdevallia tubuliflora live 0 0 10 0 15 200 30000 Masdevallia veitchiana live 00000005000 Masdevallia weberbaueri live 000010000000 Maxillaria spp. dried plants 05000190730980 Maxillaria spp. live 100 122 70 27 22 52 150 353 41 23 1 Maxillaria acostaei live 00030000000 Maxillaria acuminata live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria acutifolia live 0 5 22 00200000 Maxillaria adolphii live 00030000000 Maxillaria alba live 0 25 941055000 Maxillaria albiflora live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria alpestris live 0 0 20 00000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 99 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Maxillaria amparoana live 0 100 0390265000 Maxillaria ampliflora live 00200000000 Maxillaria angustisegmenta live 03000000000 Maxillaria bicallosa live 0 0 10 30000000 Maxillaria biolleyi live 00030200000 Maxillaria bolivarensis live 0 5 20 00000000 Maxillaria brachybulbon dried plants 00300000000 Maxillaria brachybulbon live 0 0 10 00002000 Maxillaria bracteata live 00030002000 Maxillaria brunnea live 0 100 000052000 Maxillaria camaridii live 3 8 22 20030000 Maxillaria chartacifolia live 00200000000 Maxillaria coccinea dried plants 00000002000 Maxillaria coccinea live 00000202000 Maxillaria conferta dried plants 00000004000 Maxillaria conferta live 0089185111150 Maxillaria crassifolia dried plants 00000002000 Maxillaria crassifolia live 111 250 0 98 65 7 63 29 1 10 18 Maxillaria cucullata dried plants 00300000000 Maxillaria cucullata live 0 0 10 34010000 Maxillaria dendrobioides live 00020002000 Maxillaria densa live 1 50 10 16 0 2 90 625 4 2 0 Maxillaria discolor live 4 2 20 00000000 Maxillaria ecuadorensis live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria elata live 00100000000 Maxillaria elatior live 0 0 10 000025000 Maxillaria exaltata live 0 0 12 00000000 Maxillaria fletcheriana live 20 0000000000 Maxillaria foliosa dried plants 00000400000 Maxillaria foliosa live 00000530000 Maxillaria friedrichsthalii live 51 200 10 19 55 32 6 13 0 0 20 Maxillaria grandis live 10 00000070150 Maxillaria guadalupensis live 0 0 30 00000000 Maxillaria hedwigiae live 00010000000 Maxillaria hematoglossa live 00000030250 Maxillaria hirtzii live 00100000000 Maxillaria imbricata live 00300000000 Maxillaria inaudita live 00000200000 Maxillaria infausta live 00000000020 Maxillaria lehmannii live 15 0000000000 Maxillaria lepidota live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria luteo-alba live 000000000120 Maxillaria macrura live 20000000000 Maxillaria mapiriensis live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria meleagris live 00030000000 Maxillaria meridensis live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria miniata live 0 0 10 00005000 Maxillaria minor dried plants 02000000000 Maxillaria multiflora live 02000000000 Maxillaria nasuta live 00060000000 Maxillaria neglecta live 02030000020 Maxillaria notylioglossa live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria paleata live 00030000000 Maxillaria picta live 00000001000 Maxillaria ponerantha live 00001000000 Maxillaria porrecta live 0 0 20 00000000 Maxillaria quitensis live 0 0 10 00000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 100 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Maxillaria ramosa live 0 0 20 00000000 Maxillaria reichenheimiana live 0 0 10 00000020 Maxillaria ringens live 0 150 0200030000 Maxillaria rodrigueziana live 00000002100 Maxillaria rufescens dried plants 00300000100 Maxillaria rufescens live 130 105 38 77 2 18 17 0 50 0 0 Maxillaria sanguinea live 00030000000 Maxillaria scorpioidea live 00020000000 Maxillaria setigera live 000000000150 Maxillaria sophronitis live 01000000000 Maxillaria splendens live 15 0000001000 Maxillaria stenophylla live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria striata live 20000000000 Maxillaria superflua live 20000020000 Maxillaria tenuifolia live 119 207 150 176 193 258 432 567 2 0 266 Maxillaria tigrina live 00020000000 Maxillaria triloris live 0 0 10 00000000 Maxillaria umbratilis live 00030000000 Maxillaria uncata live 63 213 10 85 43 25 10 9220 Maxillaria valenzuelana live 00022000000 Maxillaria vandiformis live 00200000000 Maxillaria variabilis dried plants 00000000200 Maxillaria variabilis live 4 50 0 98 5 11 6 39 7 2 0 Maxillaria villosa live 00200000000 Maxillaria wrightii live 00030000000 Mediocalcar spp. dried plants 000000000380 Mediocalcar spp. live 0000011018100 Megalotus bifidus live 10000000000 Megastylis spp. live 00000200002 Megastylis gigas live 3 28 14 00200000 Megastylis glandulosa live 7 20 14 00300000 Megastylis latissima live 10000000030 Megastylis rara live 00000000020 Mendoncella spp. live 00000000040 Mendoncella acuminata live 00000000010 Mendoncella fimbriata live 15 0000000000 Mendoncella grandiflora live 0 0 10 0 30 000100 Mendoncella negrensis live 22 0000000000 Mesospinidium spp. live 00000200000 Mesospinidium panamense live 00000000100 Microcoelia spp. dried plants 01010000000 Microcoelia spp. live 4 14 0601210000 Microcoelia aurantiaca live 0000211210000 Microcoelia gilpinae live 00000000010 Microcoelia globulosa live 0 0 30 00000000 Microcoelia macrantha live 37 255 6 117 48 32 02110 Micropera spp. live 10 2000020000 Micropera obtusa live 0 0 12 0 269 600000 Micropera pallida live 246 300 199 528010000 Micropera philippinensis live 80000000000 Micropera rostrata live 442 0 2 24 86 217 00000 Micropera thailandica live 00002300000 Microsaccus spp. live 00000010000 Microsaccus griffithii live 20 25 7 13 54 33 10000 Microtatorchis spp. live 00000000100 Microterangis hariotiana live 0 0 0 10 0200000 Microterangis humblotii live 0 0 0 10 0000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 101 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Microterangis oligantha live 0 0 0 10 20 000000 Miltonia spp. live 3 50 000130000 Miltonia flavescens live 0 3 81 5 95 000000 Miltonia spectabilis live 00000000001 Miltonioides spp. live 00000000200 Miltonioides confusa live 00001000000 Miltonioides pauciflora live 00000010000 Miltonioides stenoglossa live 00004000000 Miltoniopsis spp. live 00000000001 Miltoniopsis phalaenopsis live 500000100200 Miltoniopsis roezlii live 00000002000 Miltoniopsis santanaei live 00000000020 Miltoniopsis vexillaria live 40000000000 Mischobulbum spp. live 00000210000 Mischobulbum cordifolium live 000000135000 Mischobulbum wrayanum live 00160000000 Monadenia bolusiana live 00000000001 Monadenia bracteata live 00000000002 Monadenia brevicornis live 00000000003 Monadenia comosa live 00000000002 Monadenia conferta live 00000000001 Monadenia ophrydea live 00000000001 Monadenia pygmaea live 00000000001 Monadenia reticulata live 00000000001 Monadenia rufescens live 00000000001 Monomeria longipes live 00000100000 Mormodes spp. live 0 61 00021001308126 Mormodes andreettae live 00300000000 Mormodes buccinator live 000026001000 Mormodes colossus dried plants 00000001000 Mormodes flavida dried plants 00300000000 Mormodes frymirei live 00301000000 Mormodes horichii live 00000000030 Mormodes lobata live 00000002000 Mormodes revoluta live 000000015050 Mormodes rolfeana live 0000150010000 Mormodes vinacea live 00000002000 Mormolyca spp. live 00006000000 Mormolyca gracilipes live 0 0 10 00000000 Mormolyca ringens live 12 200 35 99 35 35 100 9000 Myoxanthus spp. dried plants 50000001000 Myoxanthus spp. live 00000002004 Myoxanthus speciosus live 01000000000 Myrmecophila spp. live 00003010000 Myrmecophila brysiana live 50 50 10 0 25 50 100 0000 Myrmecophila exaltata live 0 75 000000000 Myrmecophila tibicinis live 74 65 150 67 234 460 300 1039 0 0 618 Myrmecophila wendlandii live 0 80 30 04000000 Mystacidium spp. live 00000030000 Nageliella spp. live 00000200000 Nageliella angustifolia live 00000200000 Nageliella purpurea live 0 15 000000000 Nanodes spp. live 80000300000 Nanodes discolor live 40000032210 Nanodes medusae live 10 0000000000 Nanodes porpax live 00004562800 Neo-Urbania adendrobium live 00030000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 102 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Neobathiea spp. dried plants 00050000000 Neobathiea spp. live 30 5 0 11 0 30 15 10 5 1 0 Neobathiea filicornu dried plants 00010000000 Neobathiea filicornu live 154 891 403 424 341 217 43 54 23 1 3 Neobathiea hirtula live 00000000100 Neobathiea perrieri dried plants 00010000000 Neobathiea perrieri live 23 425 121 331 275 101 35 5600 Neobenthamia gracilis dried plants 00010000000 Neobenthamia gracilis live 00010000000 Neocogniauxia spp. dried plants 00000001000 Neocogniauxia monophylla live 0 0 0 50 3010000 Neofinetia spp. live 00000004400 Neofinetia falcata live 54020100000 Neogyna spp. live 00300000000 Neogyna gardneriana live 00300000000 Neolehmannia barbeyana live 00000002000 Neolehmannia difformis dried plants 00000009000 Neolehmannia difformis live 2 55 0 19 45 9 8 92 51 4 2 Neolehmannia microcattleya live 00000000010 Neolehmannia peperomia live 02000000000 Nephelaphyllum spp. live 0 100 30 00210000 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum live 0 0 30 000002000 Nephelaphyllum tenuiflorum live 000000002000 Nervilia spp. extract kg 00000000000 Nervilia spp. live 050500501566 Nervilia bicarinata live 01000000000 Nervilia fordii derivatives kg 0000000000100 Nervilia fordii roots kg 0000000000100 Neuwiedia spp. live 00000040000 Neuwiedia annamensis live 00000010000 Nidema spp. live 000916000000 Nidema boothii live 0 0 0 59 12 16 100 7 52 0 30 Nidema ottonis live 000000010000 Notylia spp. live 0010101060002 Notylia barkeri live 268 250 0 390 508 552 265 681 0 0 50 Notylia bicolor live 0000000116000 Notylia panamensis live 00000000100 Oberonia spp. dried plants 00000000070 Oberonia spp. live 15 154 2 8 0 30 15 226 0 0 100 Oberonia anceps live 15 0000000000 Oberonia apiculata live 00239000000 Oberonia dalatensis live 0000000256000 Oberonia disticha dried plants 00010100000 Oberonia disticha live 0 0 0 49 10 030200 Oberonia dubia live 01227000000 Oberonia ensiformis live 0200000103000 Oberonia falconeri live 000003500000 Oberonia gammiei live 0043111200000 Oberonia iridifolia live 81 1 1 3 84 000000 Oberonia kanburiensis live 35 0 0 0 10 000000 Oberonia langbianensis live 0000000253000 Oberonia longibracteata live 00102000000 Oberonia maxima live 15 50 000000000 Oberonia miniata live 01000000000 Oberonia nitida live 46 0 6 47 2 25 00000 Oberonia pachyphylla live 003312100103000 Oberonia pyrulifera live 00110000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 103 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Oberonia recurva live 00100000000 Oberonia tenuis live 10 0000000000 Oberonia teres live 10 0003000000 Octarrhena spp. live 00000130000 Octarrhena myosurus live 40 50 000000000 Octomeria spp. dried plants 20000000030 Octomeria spp. live 020060000000 Octomeria deltoglossa live 20030150000 Octomeria tridentata dried plants 00000012000 Odontoglossum spp. live 46 60 0000000168 Odontoglossum aureum live 000000000100 Odontoglossum cariniferum live 00000000100 Odontoglossum crinitum live 15 0000000000 Odontoglossum cristatum live 15 0000000000 Odontoglossum cruentum live 15 0000000000 Odontoglossum hallii live 15 0000000000 Odontoglossum harryanum live 000000000150 Odontoglossum kegeljani live 15 0000000000 Odontoglossum praestans live 00000000001 Odontoglossum trilobum live 000000000150 Oeceoclades spp. live 58 13 38 5 50 248 100 10 22 2 5 Oeceoclades boinensis live 000073500000 Oeceoclades decaryana live 30 9 0 10 33 8 12 0410 Oeceoclades gracillima live 000301500000 Oeceoclades maculata dried plants 00000200000 Oeceoclades maculata live 2 0 0 85 60 13 8 12 29 0 6 Oeceoclades pandurata live 00040020000 Oeceoclades pulchra live 000329000000 Oeceoclades roseovariegata live 00000000002 Oeceoclades spathulifera live 000073500000 Oeonia spp. live 0 0 102 2 20 0 1 0 25 10 0 Oeonia oncidiflora live 63 28 53 103 136 50 81 102 12 0 2 Oeonia volucris live 47 8 36 212 92 30 4 81 11 0 2 Oeoniella spp. live 600021430020 Oeoniella polystachys live 39 70 19 113 163 172 106 5314 Oerstedella spp. dried plants 000000012040 Oerstedella spp. live 000017403009 Oerstedella centropetala dried plants 00000001000 Oerstedella endresii dried plants 01000000000 Oerstedella endresii live 00000400000 Oerstedella exasperata dried plants 02000000000 Oerstedella pentadactyla live 03000002000 Oerstedella pseudoschumanniana live 00000000100 Oerstedella schweinfurthiana live 000000500000 Oerstedella wallisii live 00000200000 Oncidium spp. dried plants 0 12 000304390 Oncidium spp. live 430160 37334 100 2050 266 305 22 175 13 8132 8 Oncidium altissimum live 50 200 000007100 Oncidium ampliatum live 00000002000 Oncidium annulare live 000000000200 Oncidium ansiferum live 00000002000 Oncidium asparagoides live 03000000000 Oncidium aurisasinorum live 00002002230 Oncidium biflorum live 01005000000 Oncidium bifolium live 8 0 0 13 136 004000 Oncidium bracteatum live 00000002000 Oncidium calochilum dried plants 000000019000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 104 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Oncidium calochilum live 0001115023000 Oncidium carthagenense live 186 576 430 93 440 506 516 561 2 2 0 Oncidium cavendishianum live 06000000000 Oncidium caymanense live 00011000000 Oncidium cheirophorum live 00002022200 Oncidium compressicaule dried plants 000000011000 Oncidium compressicaule live 000001505000 Oncidium crista-galli live 00000021000 Oncidium cucullatum live 20 0000000000 Oncidium deltoideum live 000000000100 Oncidium ensatum live 1 125 10 20 89 0 125 42 0 0 0 Oncidium excavatum live 00000006000 Oncidium falcipetalum live 15 0000000000 Oncidium flavovirens live 000010000000 Oncidium flexuosum live 000040000000 Oncidium floridanum live 0 0 0 30 0200000 Oncidium foveatum live 00000005000 Oncidium fuscatum live 15 0000000000 Oncidium gauntlettii live 0 0 10 00010000 Oncidium globuliferum live 50000202000 Oncidium guianense dried plants 000000018000 Oncidium guianense live 0000017047000 Oncidium hastatum live 000000000030 Oncidium heteranthum live 51002202000 Oncidium kautskyi live 60000000000 Oncidium lanceanum live 15 13 50 10 2 2 10 0000 Oncidium lemonianum dried plants 00000500000 Oncidium lemonianum live 000001000000 Oncidium leucochilum live 000000340000 Oncidium lindenii live 65 325 10 5 107 50 100 70 0 0 5 Oncidium longicornu live 0002127000000 Oncidium longipes live 0 0 2 11 148 001000 Oncidium luridum live 1 405 325 184 723 223 100 131 37 2 94 Oncidium luteum live 00001000000 Oncidium macranthum live 40000000030 Oncidium macropetalum live 23 0 0 0 175 000000 Oncidium maculatum live 000000010000 Oncidium morenoi live 0023193000000 Oncidium nanum live 00000000020 Oncidium nubigenum live 20 0000000000 Oncidium obryzatum live 00300000000 Oncidium ochmatochilum live 00200000000 Oncidium oliganthum live 00004000000 Oncidium onustum live 0000000100180 Oncidium ornithorrhynchum live 00200000000 Oncidium panamense live 00000000001 Oncidium papilio live 20500000000 Oncidium parviflorum live 01000000100 Oncidium pubes live 0 1 50 14 121 000000 Oncidium pulchellum live 0 0 86 163 60 200 206 4 39 8 0 Oncidium pulvinatum live 0 2 39 3 85 000000 Oncidium pumilum live 0 0 36 12 151 001000 Oncidium quadrilobum live 00000100000 Oncidium reflexum live 00010000000 Oncidium retusum live 000000000100 Oncidium schroederianum live 00000200000 Oncidium simulans live 10000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 105 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Oncidium spathulatum live 100 0000000000 Oncidium sphacelatum live 1554 154 230 124 98 414 475 889 0 0 700 Oncidium spilopterum live 00000000070 Oncidium splendidum live 0000305000000 Oncidium stenotis live 00000002100 Oncidium tetrapetalum live 0 0 180 89 11 0 31 37 7 0 11 Oncidium triquetrum live 0 0 290 136 16 50 6 26 11 0 0 Oncidium varicosum live 00900000000 Oncidium variegatum dried plants 0000014039000 Oncidium variegatum live 0000051027000 Oncidium viperinum live 00001000000 Oncidium wentworthianum live 00500000000 Ophrys ciliata live 000010100000 Ophrys dyris live 000010300000 Ophrys fusca live 000010500000 Ophrys holoserica live 000010000000 Ophrys lutea live 000010500000 Ophrys sphegodes live 000010000000 Ophrys tenthredinifera live 000010300000 Orchis spp. live 0 0 0 14 0000000 Orchis anatolica live 00020000000 Orchis collina live 000010100000 Orchis coriophora live 000110500000 Orchis longicornu live 000010000000 Orchis mascula extract kg 00000071046 1233 0 0 Orchis mascula live 00010101000 Orchis militaris live 00000001000 Orchis morio live 000210071000 Orchis morio ssp. champagneuxii live 000010000000 Orchis morio ssp. picta live 00000002000 Orchis papilionacea live 000010500000 Orchis purpurea live 00010000000 Orchis simia live 00010000000 Orchis tridentata live 000010002000 Orleanesia amazonica live 00500000000 Orleanesia maculata live 00500000000 Ornithocephalus spp. dried plants 01000000000 Ornithocephalus spp. live 12 305 60823119010 Ornithocephalus bicornis live 5 100 290 36 0 203 42000 Ornithocephalus gladiatus dried plants 00000600100 Ornithocephalus gladiatus live 250 50 20 50 66 41 0 82 0 0 0 Ornithocephalus grandiflorus live 20000000000 Ornithocephalus inflexus live 000016005000 Ornithochilus spp. live 000002211000 Ornithochilus difformis live 10 9 139 67 42 68 6 45 0 0 0 Osmoglossum spp. live 00002004440 Osmoglossum egertonii dried plants 00000001000 Osmoglossum egertonii live 00000000100 Osmoglossum pulchellum live 00000010040 Otochilus spp. live 00001010000 Otochilus alba live 0 0 1 12 50002000 Otochilus fusca live 72 7 4 51 2 0 1 565 20 0 0 Pabstia jugosa live 30000000000 Pachyphyllum spp. live 0 27 000020000 Pachyplectron arifolium live 08000000000 Pachyplectron neocaledonicum live 00000300000 Pachystele corallorrhiza live 00000200000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 106 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Pachystele densa live 00000400000 Pachystele jimenezii live 00000200000 Palmorchis spp. dried plants 00000002000 Palumbina candida live 0000002550000 Panisea spp. live 00000220000 Panisea demissa live 0 0 20 00000000 Panisea distelidia live 00001000000 Panisea uniflora live 0 11 1 2 4 41 00000 Paphinia spp. live 05200000002 Paphinia cristata live 01000000000 Papilionanthe spp. live 000000288000380 Papilionanthe hookeriana live 14 22 10 0 50 000000 Papilionanthe masperoae live 0000015000000 Papilionanthe teres live 79 600 327 111 2830 20 200 0 0 10 0 Paraphalaenopsis spp. live 0000300000000 Paraphalaenopsis spp. live flasks 000050000000 Paraphalaenopsis labukensis live 00000500000 Paraphalaenopsis laycockii live 010002000000 Paraphalaenopsis serpentilingua live 01000500000 Parapteroceras elobe live 000000003000 Pecteilis spp. live 1000 0000010000 Pecteilis henryi live 0 0 11 10 4000000 Pecteilis sagarikii live 6524 52 55418 1271 56 11 00000 Pecteilis susannae live 379 200 5 130 229 0 101 0000 Pelatantheria spp. live 01000210000 Pelatantheria bicuspidata live 0 150 13 0 0 180 00000 Pelatantheria ctenoglossa live 38 135 267 14 15 35 0 10 0 0 0 Pelatantheria insectifera live 108 0000000000 Pelexia spp. live 01000010000 Pelexia roseoalba live 02000060000 Pelexia sceptrum dried plants 00300000000 Peristeria spp. live 00300000000 Peristeria pendula live 00300000030 Peristylus spp. dried plants 00000020000 Peristylus spp. live 000001000000 Peristylus goodyeroides live 35 0000000000 Perrieriella madagascariensis live 00000200000 Pescatoria spp. live 23300000000 Pescatoria coronaria live 20 0000000000 Pescatoria lehmannii live 20 0000000000 Pescatoria odorata live 10000000000 Phaius spp. dried plants 00000005004 Phaius spp. live 52 14 30 458 121 114 108 19 11 66 0 Phaius daenikerii live 8 8 14 00200000 Phaius flavus live 000000060000 Phaius francoisii live 41 195 182 462 146 81 75 220 11 5 0 Phaius gibbulosus live 01000000000 Phaius humblotii live 294 562 331 859 301 163 166 433 24 5 2 Phaius indigoferus live 000000010000 Phaius luteus live 107 56 134 373 49 52 61 170 2 2 0 Phaius mishmensis live 000000010000 Phaius peyrotii live 109 233 004300000 Phaius pulchellus dried plants 00010000000 Phaius pulchellus live 15 110 2 5 2 44 50011 Phaius pulcher live 0206113000010 Phaius pulcher var. perrieri live 00000001250 Phaius robertsii live 00000200000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 107 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Phaius simulans live 00005100000 Phaius tankervilleae live 2941 27 10 257 39 11 200 2000 Phaius tetragonus live 00000030000 Phaius tuberculosus live 47 9 45 436 104 24 51 10 12 5 0 Phaius woodfordii live 100 0000000000 Phalaenopsis spp. live flasks 000080000000 Phalaenopsis spp. live 1172 200 520 245 800 160 5000 15 0 8100 1 Phalaenopsis amabilis live 55 503003000000 Phalaenopsis amboinensis live 00020000000 Phalaenopsis aphrodite live 134 00005000000 Phalaenopsis bastianii live 87 0000000000 Phalaenopsis cornucervi live 971 1294 1282 503 1067 595 00000 Phalaenopsis equestris live 415 20 000000000 Phalaenopsis fasciata live 65 0000010000 Phalaenopsis fimbriata live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis fuscata live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis gibbosa live 0 3000 50 306 32 000000 Phalaenopsis gigantea live 10000500000 Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica live 48 0000000000 Phalaenopsis inscriptiosinensis live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis x intermedia live 299 0000000000 Phalaenopsis kunstleri live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis x leucorrhoda live 44 0000000000 Phalaenopsis lindenii live 229 0000000000 Phalaenopsis lobbii live 0000100000000 Phalaenopsis lowii live 0 0 540 1697 1183 000000 Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana live 252 0000000000 Phalaenopsis maculata live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis mannii live 15 0000000115010 Phalaenopsis mariae live 160 0000000000 Phalaenopsis modesta live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis pallens live 10000000000 Phalaenopsis parishii live 0 224 202 492 1086 131 000010 Phalaenopsis pulchra live 10000000000 Phalaenopsis sanderiana live 70 0000000000 Phalaenopsis schilleriana live 2523 1000000000 Phalaenopsis stuartiana live 435 0000000000 Phalaenopsis sumatrana live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis x veitchiana live 23 0000000000 Phalaenopsis venosa live 00000500000 Phalaenopsis violacea dried plants 00000100000 Phalaenopsis violacea live 37 35 0 0 0 105 00000 Phalaenopsis violacea live flasks 00007000000 Phalaenopsis violacea var. alba live flasks 00005000000 Pholidota spp. dried plants 00000210000 Pholidota spp. live 0 48 2 54 20 65 278 0000 Pholidota annamensis live 00000010251000 Pholidota articulata live 351 72 148 280 163 102 10 35 20 0 0 Pholidota convallariae live 00600010101000 Pholidota gibbosa live 0 0 170 00000000 Pholidota imbricata live 220 227 204 165 35 36 200 15 10 0 0 Pholidota pallida live 77 255 468 308 62 60 00000 Pholidota recurva live 0 35 0 1 20 000000 Pholidota rubra live 05080010101000 Phragmipedilum spp. live 0 0 0 93 0000000 Phreatia spp. live 700002330000 Phreatia densiflora live 30000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 108 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Phreatia pachyphylla live 80000000000 Phreatia paleata live 0 10 000000000 Platanthera bifolia live 000010004000 Platanthera chlorantha live 00000001000 Platylepis spp. live 00020000000 Platystele spp. dried plants 500000000330 Platystele spp. live 51000200006 Platystele minimiflora dried plants 00200000000 Platystele oxyglossa live 00010000000 Platystele pedicellaris live 00010000000 Platystele stenostachya live 000110400050 Platythelys spp. dried plants 00000200000 Platythelys maculata live 03000000000 Platythelys querceticola dried plants 00000000100 Platythelys querceticola live 00000004000 Plectrelminthus caudatus live 0 0 42 130 0000000 Plectrophora spp. live 10000000000 Pleione maculata live 60 510 200000000 Pleione praecox live 5 30 0 27 0000000 Pleione yunnanensis live 0 0 0 30000 0000000 Pleurothallis spp. dried plants 100 25 0 0 0 13 128 289 0 85 0 Pleurothallis spp. live 169 399 54 69 170 14 325 248 64 40 242 Pleurothallis alopex live 000040000000 Pleurothallis alpestris live 00500000000 Pleurothallis amparoana live 00000200000 Pleurothallis angustifolia live 0 0 10 00100000 Pleurothallis angustisepala live 00000004000 Pleurothallis archicolonae live 0 0 10 00000000 Pleurothallis aristata live 02000000000 Pleurothallis brighamii dried plants 00000000100 Pleurothallis brighamii live 0 0 0 68 55 29 10 0000 Pleurothallis cardiantha live 01000000000 Pleurothallis cardiophyllax live 00000300000 Pleurothallis cardiothallis live 00020004000 Pleurothallis caymanensis live 00011003000 Pleurothallis cogniauxiana dried plants 03000000000 Pleurothallis corniculata dried plants 00000377000 Pleurothallis corniculata live 000005410000 Pleurothallis divexa live 00010000000 Pleurothallis domingensis dried plants 000000011000 Pleurothallis erinacea dried plants 00000000100 Pleurothallis erinacea live 00000400000 Pleurothallis eumecocaulon live 000320000000 Pleurothallis floribunda live 0 100 000000000 Pleurothallis gelida dried plants 00000034000 Pleurothallis gelida live 00030002010 Pleurothallis glandulosa dried plants 00300000000 Pleurothallis glandulosa live 00000200000 Pleurothallis grandis live 00020001000 Pleurothallis grobyi dried plants 0000002321000 Pleurothallis grobyi live 103 7 90 98 133 180 10 212 0 0 100 Pleurothallis hastata live 00030000000 Pleurothallis hirsutula live 00000024000 Pleurothallis immersa dried plants 02000000000 Pleurothallis immersa live 00030000000 Pleurothallis lanceola dried plants 00000001000 Pleurothallis lanceola live 000000010000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 109 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Pleurothallis lewisae live 00010000000 Pleurothallis llamachoi dried plants 0000001510000 Pleurothallis llamachoi live 00000042000 Pleurothallis longilabris dried plants 000000021000 Pleurothallis longilabris live 00000002000 Pleurothallis matudiana live 00004000000 Pleurothallis minutalis live 00010000000 Pleurothallis nummularia dried plants 00000014000 Pleurothallis nummularia live 00000012000 Pleurothallis oblongifolia dried plants 00000005000 Pleurothallis oblongifolia live 00000100000 Pleurothallis obovata dried plants 00000034000 Pleurothallis obovata live 00000001000 Pleurothallis ochracea live 000053000000 Pleurothallis ophioglossoides dried plants 00000306000 Pleurothallis ophioglossoides live 000005000910 Pleurothallis papillosa live 0 10 000000000 Pleurothallis picta live 8 11 000040000 Pleurothallis pidax live 00300000000 Pleurothallis pruinosa dried plants 00000036000 Pleurothallis pruinosa live 01000022030 Pleurothallis quadrifida live 50 0005020000 Pleurothallis racemiflora live 0 0 298 225315000 Pleurothallis racemosa live 01000000000 Pleurothallis ramosa live 01000000000 Pleurothallis richteri dried plants 000000811000 Pleurothallis richteri live 00000032000 Pleurothallis ruscifolia live 00020000000 Pleurothallis sanchoii live 00030000000 Pleurothallis segoviensis dried plants 02000000000 Pleurothallis segoviensis live 00000000040 Pleurothallis sertularioides dried plants 000000216000 Pleurothallis sertularioides live 000604421040 Pleurothallis setosa live 00010007000 Pleurothallis talpinaria live 20000000000 Pleurothallis testifolia live 00000030000 Pleurothallis tikalensis live 53 25 0 79 41 2 12 10 0 0 22 Pleurothallis tribuloides dried plants 000003321000 Pleurothallis tribuloides live 0 0 0 91 0 7 7 16 0 9 0 Pleurothallis tubata live 00008000000 Pleurothallis tuerckheimii live 00010004040 Pleurothallis wilsonii dried plants 000000010000 Pleurothallis wilsonii live 00000003000 Plocoglottis spp. live 00000010000 Plocoglottis bokorensis live 0 0 25 00000000 Plocoglottis javanica live 00000510000 Podangis dactyloceras live 0 0 492 206 0000000 Podochilus spp. live 00000020000 Podochilus cornutus live 0 0 5 11 8700000 Podochilus microphyllus live 00010000000 Polycycnis spp. live 08000001005 Polyradicion spp. live 10006000000 Polystachya spp. dried plants 00020101010000 Polystachya spp. live 104 65 168 171 133 129 165 39 10 0 0 Polystachya albescens live 00000000010 Polystachya aurantiaca live 0000000112900 Polystachya clavata live 00000200000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 110 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Polystachya concreta dried plants 00000002000 Polystachya concreta live 11 0 402 6 2 100 6 5 14 6 3 Polystachya cornigera live 00038000000 Polystachya cultriformis dried plants 00020000000 Polystachya cultriformis live 0 0 60 4 24 001000 Polystachya dolichophylla live 30040000000 Polystachya flavescens live 02200000000 Polystachya foliosa dried plants 00000201000 Polystachya foliosa live 2 0 15 98 91 37 77000 Polystachya fusiformis dried plants 00020000000 Polystachya fusiformis live 00048000000 Polystachya heckeliana live 00008000000 Polystachya henrici live 00008000000 Polystachya humbertii live 00008000000 Polystachya masayensis live 00000005000 Polystachya paniculata live 0 0 0 42 0000000 Polystachya rosea dried plants 00010000000 Polystachya rosea live 25 0008000000 Polystachya stricta live 0 14 000000000 Polystachya tessellata dried plants 00010000000 Polystachya tessellata live 00000000010 Polystachya tsinjoarivensis live 00020000000 Pomatocalpa spp. live 14 0000220000 Pomatocalpa arachnanthe live 00010000000 Pomatocalpa bicolor live 40000000000 Pomatocalpa latifolia live 2 0 0 12 2 10 00000 Pomatocalpa naevata live 0 0 21 13 9 11 00000 Pomatocalpa ramosa live 24 0 25 30 16 200000 Pomatocalpa spicata live 68 393 183 140 87 39 00000 Ponera spp. live 000002017000 Ponera striata live 1 0 65 12 22 3 0 32 0 0 0 Ponthieva spp. dried plants 00300000010 Ponthieva spp. live 03060010000 Ponthieva maculata dried plants 00000001000 Ponthieva racemosa live 00030000000 Ponthieva triloba dried plants 00300000000 Porpax grandiflora live 0 0 0 50 0000000 Porpax lanii live 0 0 0 121 0000000 Porpax meirax live 0 0 0 63 0000000 Porpax meirax var. elwesii live 0 0 0 63 0000000 Prescottia spp. dried plants 00000102000 Prescottia spp. live 03060000000 Prescottia oligantha dried plants 00000200000 Prescottia oligantha live 000001036000 Prescottia stachyodes dried plants 00000101000 Prescottia stachyodes live 000005029000 Pristiglottis spp. live 00000200000 Promenaea xanthina live 20000000000 Pseuderia spp. live 00000400000 Pseudomaxillaria parviflora dried plants 00000004000 Pseudomaxillaria parviflora live 0 0 12 00000000 Psilochilus macrophyllus dried plants 00000203000 Psilochilus macrophyllus live 00000204000 Psychilis spp. live 0 0 0 20 0302000 Psychilis kraenzlinii live 00020000000 Psychilis krugii live 00000500000 Psychilis olivacea live 00020000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 111 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Psychilis truncata live 000204400000 Psychopsiella sanderae live 00000000020 Psygmorchis spp. dried plants 00000100020 Psygmorchis gnomus live 00000002200 Psygmorchis pumilio live 00000030000 Psygmorchis pusilla live 402 110 95 75 234 183 256 1101 50 4 0 Pteroceras spp. live 00000050145000100 Pteroceras caligare live 80000000000 Pteroceras longicalcareum live 50000000000 Pteroceras pallidum live 58 00000025000 Pteroceras semiteretifolium live 000000100303000 Pteroceras teres live 000001613003000 Pteroceras unguiculatum live 20000000000 Pterostylis curta live 00000100000 Pterostylis obtusa live 00000100000 Quisqueya spp. live 00000002000 Quisqueya ekmanii dried plants 00000001000 Quisqueya fuertesii live 00000100000 Rangaeris spp. live 0 0 10 00000000 Rangaeris amaniensis live 0 14 000000000 Rangaeris muscicola live 0 0 0 20 0000010 Rangaeris rhipsalisocia live 10000000000 Reichenbachanthus spp. dried plants 00000000060 Reichenbachanthus spp. live 03000200000 Reichenbachanthus reflexus live 03000000000 Renanthera spp. live 820020020200000100 Renanthera annamensis live 00000002751860 0 0 Renanthera citrina live 000000002000 Renanthera coccinea live 508 176 98 31 722 62 202 790 0 0 30 Renanthera imschootiana live 000002000000 Renanthera isosepala live 25 46 106 26 299 800000 Renanthera matutina live 315 0010000000 Renanthera monachica live 273 00001000000 Renanthera philippinensis live 88 3220000000 Renanthera storiei live 325 0 0 0 100 000000 Renantherella histrionica live 000002000000 Restrepia spp. dried plants 10000100000 Restrepia spp. live 00000001003 Restrepia hemsleyana live 03000000010 Restrepia muscifera live 00000002000 Restrepia nittiorhyncha live 05000000000 Restrepia subserrata dried plants 00000001000 Restrepia subserrata live 00000002000 Rhyncholaelia digbyana live 0 0 300 2 20 000000 Rhyncholaelia glauca live 352 477 140 256 801 2759 709 2187 0 4 40 Rhynchophreatia micrantha live 20000000000 Rhynchostylis spp. live 104 155 0 5 100 144 7224 1000 Rhynchostylis coelestis live 5866 4562 7368 13887 8080 1620 0 0 0 1000 0 Rhynchostylis gigantea live 4279 6576 2043 2193 1905 969 300 0 80 0 0 Rhynchostylis retusa live 4241 2041 7252 5280 3058 3365 0 0 0 50 0 Rhynchostylis violacea live 40000000000 Robiquetia spp. live 10 0 0 0 41 720000 Robiquetia compressa live 55 0000000000 Robiquetia merrillii live 796 0000000000 Robiquetia mimus live 000000000020 Robiquetia pachyphylla live 0024331900000 Robiquetia spatulata live 101 3 1 5 13 38 0 15 20 0 0

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 112 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Robiquetia succisa live 138 155 379 443 60 36 00000 Rodriguezia spp. live 505000022120 Rodriguezia lanceolata live 89030060000 Rodriguezia leeana live 000000000150 Rodriguezia secunda live 03000810010 Rodriguezia venusta live 40000000000 Rossioglossum spp. live 0 10 000000000 Rossioglossum grande live 00000030000 Rossioglossum schlieperianum live 01001000000 Rudolfiella aurantiaca live 00600000000 Rudolfiella picta live 01200000000 Saccolabiopsis pallida live 000000010000 Saccolabium spp. live 000138501225000 Salpistele spp. live 00000000006 Sarcanthopsis spp. live 00000810000 Sarcanthopsis nagarensis live 00000010001 Sarcanthus spp. live 10 0527641520000 Sarchochilus spp. live 10 0000000000 Sarcochilus spp. live 2 0 11 1 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 Sarcochilus falcatus live 00000100000 Sarcochilus hartmannii live 00400000000 Sarcochilus koghiensis live 10000000000 Sarcoglottis spp. live 00000002200 Sarcoglottis sceptrodes live 00006700000 Sarcoglottis schaffneri dried plants 00300000000 Sarcoglyphis comberi live 000002500000 Sarcoglyphis mirabilis live 20000000000 Sarcoglyphis thailandica live 00557800000 Sarcoglyphis yunnanensis live 00375700000 Sarcophyton spp. live 000000007000 Sarcophyton pachyphyllum live 210 0000000000 Satyridium rostratum live 00000000002 Satyrium spp. dried plants 00010000000 Satyrium spp. live 00000000003 Satyrium acuminatum live 00000000001 Satyrium amblyosaccos live 00000000001 Satyrium bicallosum live 00000000002 Satyrium bicorne live 00000000006 Satyrium bracteatum live 00000000003 Satyrium breve live 00000000001 Satyrium buchananii live 00000000002 Satyrium carneum live 00000000002 Satyrium chlorocorys live 00000000001 Satyrium coriifolium live 00000000004 Satyrium crassicaule live 00000000001 Satyrium cristatum live 00000000004 Satyrium erectum live 00000000004 Satyrium hallackii live 00000000001 Satyrium humile live 00000000001 Satyrium ligulatum live 00000000001 Satyrium longicauda live 00000000007 Satyrium membranaceum live 00000000002 Satyrium microcorys live 00000000001 Satyrium microrrhynchum live 00000000002 Satyrium muticum live 00000000001 Satyrium neglectum live 00000000003 Satyrium nepalense live 00000000001

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 113 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Satyrium odorum live 00000000005 Satyrium orbiculare live 00000000001 Satyrium paludosum live 00000000001 Satyrium parviflorum live 00000000007 Satyrium princeae live 00000000001 Satyrium pumilum live 00000000003 Satyrium rupestre live 00000000001 Satyrium sceptrum live 00000000002 Satyrium sphaeranthum live 00000000001 Satyrium sphaerocarpum live 00000000001 Satyrium stenopetalum live 00000000006 Satyrium trinerve dried plants 00020000000 Satyrium trinerve live 00010000002 Satyrium volkensii live 00000000001 Scaphosepalum spp. dried plants 50000001000 Scaphosepalum spp. live 840000013000 Scaphosepalum anchoriferum live 01000000000 Scaphosepalum hirtzii live 50000000000 Scaphyglottis spp. dried plants 000003070230 Scaphyglottis spp. live 0 154 4 25 40 56 12 20 23 2 0 Scaphyglottis acostaei live 00000400000 Scaphyglottis amethystina live 30000020000 Scaphyglottis amparoana live 00000200000 Scaphyglottis behrii live 0 0 15 12 6 5 75 11 0 0 0 Scaphyglottis bifida dried plants 02000000000 Scaphyglottis gigantea dried plants 01000000000 Scaphyglottis graminifolia live 00010000000 Scaphyglottis limonensis dried plants 00000002000 Scaphyglottis limonensis live 00000200000 Scaphyglottis lindeniana live 0 0 20 00002000 Scaphyglottis mesocopis live 00000200000 Scaphyglottis minutiflora live 000019100000 Scaphyglottis prolifera live 0 0 65 88 4306000 Scaphyglottis sigmoidea live 00000200000 Scaphyglottis spathulata live 00000200000 Scaphyglottis violacea live 00004200000 Scelochilus spp. live 00200000000 Scelochilus ottonis live 00001000000 Scelochilus tuerckheimii live 00000040000 Schizodium bifidum live 00000000002 Schizodium cornutum live 0 0 10 00000002 Schizodium inflexum live 00000000001 Schizodium obliquum live 00000000003 Schlimmia alpina live 00006000000 Schlimmia condorana live 00000000001 Schoenorchis spp. live 16 001354440000 Schoenorchis fragrans live 5599 12823 10324 7153 5180 3076 00000 Schoenorchis gemmata live 13 0 4 4 50 21 20 36 0 0 110 Schoenorchis micrantha live 52105020150010 Schoenorchis pachyacris live 390 340 788 653 549 40 00000 Schoenorchis tortifolia live 0000001003000 Schomburgkia spp. live 4 0 0 150 200 0 232 500 6 200 0 Schomburgkia gloriosa live 3 1 0 10 0031000 Schomburgkia lyonsii live 0 0 45 20 2 30 41000 Schomburgkia marginata live 00000002000 Schomburgkia superbiens live 30004002400 Schomburgkia thomsoniana live 1 50 210 31 26 65 200 2000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 114 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Schomburgkia undulata live 100022000100 Scuticaria spp. live 00000000010 Seidenfadenia mitrata live 2962 2022 3836 1315 7303 1136 60000 Serapias cordigera live 000010000000 Serapias lingua live 000010300000 Serapias parviflora live 000010500000 Serapias vomeracea live 00010000000 Sievekingia spp. live 00000010002 Sievekingia reichenbachiana live 00300000000 Sievekingia suavis live 00000002000 Sigmatostalix spp. live 30000202005 Sigmatostalix guatemalensis dried plants 00300000000 Sigmatostalix guatemalensis live 00004000000 Sigmatostalix hymenantha live 00000200000 Sigmatostalix macrobulbon live 00000002000 Sigmatostalix picta live 00000200000 Sigmatostalix unguiculata live 00000200000 Smitinandia spp. live 000002710000 Smitinandia helferi live 0 0 11 3 53 20 00000 Smitinandia micrantha live 148 79 719 595 3882 130 22 10 0 0 0 Sobennikoffia spp. dried plants 02000000000 Sobennikoffia spp. live 0 4 1 12 5030080 Sobennikoffia humbertiana live 96 37 61 162 92 130 55 3 100 1 20 Sobennikoffia robusta live 189 118 44 236 152 49 17 13 8 0 2 Sobennikoffia robusta roots 00040000000 Sobralia spp. dried plants 0200020130280 Sobralia spp. live 5 107 17 0 2 27 100 19 7 2 6 Sobralia decora live 0 3 70 94 32 10 12 101 0 0 4 Sobralia dichotoma live 00000000030 Sobralia fragrans live 0 3 0 73 0000000 Sobralia macra live 00000200000 Sobralia macrantha live 24 30 15 17 39 7 25 10 0 0 1 Sobralia macrophylla live 00001000000 Sobralia mucronata live 00000002000 Sobralia powellii live 00004000000 Solenangis spp. live 39 14 0 431 59552270 Solenangis aphylla live 0 12 0 40 10 002600 Solenangis cornuta live 0 0 0 20 1000000 Sophronitis cernua live 11505001000 Sophronitis coccinea live 30000000000 Soterosanthus shepheardii live 00300000000 Spathoglottis spp. dried plants 00000300000 Spathoglottis spp. live 1303 21 0 5 34 40 3 25 0 0 0 Spathoglottis affinis live 1077 3327 8556 2751 12573 1534 00000 Spathoglottis aurea live 000000020000 Spathoglottis confusa live 0 50 100000000 Spathoglottis eburnea live 0 1200 3200 050025000 Spathoglottis elmeri live 103 0000000000 Spathoglottis pacifica live 00000080000 Spathoglottis plicata live 37 41 3042 2253 2799 381 4 25 0 0 0 Spathoglottis pubescens live 200 650 4087 88 15685 22 00000 Spathoglottis vanoverberghii live 118 0000000000 Spiranthes spp. live 0 10 8 10 42 000000 Spiranthes cranichoides live 00000200000 Spiranthes torta dried plants 00000006000 Spiranthes torta live 00000004000 Stanhopea spp. dried plants 0000050246000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 115 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Stanhopea spp. live 50 45 0 16 0 451 350 104 16 155 9 Stanhopea anfracta live 000000010000 Stanhopea candida live 003000010000 Stanhopea cirrhata live 10000000000 Stanhopea connata live 000000000120 Stanhopea costaricense dried plants 00300000000 Stanhopea ecornuta live 0 50 20 0 45 100 01000 Stanhopea grandiflora live 06200000000 Stanhopea graveolens dried plants 00200000000 Stanhopea graveolens live 00000040000 Stanhopea inodora dried plants 00000400000 Stanhopea oculata live 50 330 20 0 262 237 20 72 0 8 0 Stanhopea ruckeri dried plants 00000001000 Stanhopea tigrina live 01000003000 Stanhopea tricornis live 00300000000 Stanhopea wardii live 0 1 0 20 0 26 32000 Staurochilus spp. live 21 0 0 0 10 030000 Staurochilus agusanensis live 30000000000 Staurochilus dawsonianus live 35 15 73 355 406 17 00000 Staurochilus fasciatus live 66 201 180 136 1449 113 3 35 50 0 10 Staurochilus loheriana live 10000000000 Staurochilus tamesisii live 20000000000 Stelis spp. dried plants 100 000011134442850 Stelis spp. live 90 27 10 22 16 21 20 37 50 21 5 Stelis argentata live 08004020000 Stelis ciliaris live 3 0 100 78 0000000 Stelis gracilis live 00010000000 Stelis purpurea live 01000002000 Stelis repens live 00000500000 Stelis tolimensis live 0 0 10 00000000 Stellilabium spp. live 00000000002 Stenia pallida live 01000000000 Stenoglottis spp. live 00000000004 Stenorrhynchos spp. live 00000330002 Stenorrhynchos aurantiacus live 00000030000 Stenorrhynchos calcaratus live 00000420000 Stenorrhynchos lanceolatus dried plants 00000002100 Stenorrhynchos lanceolatus live 00052201000 Stenorrhynchos petenensis dried plants 00000000200 Stenorrhynchos speciosus live 00000150040 Stereochilus spp. live 00000010000 Steveniella caucasica dried plants 00000000400 Steveniella caucasica live 00010000000 Stilifolium ascendens live 1 475 137 497 726 237 65 479 4 2 26 Stilifolium cebolleta live 177 2 7 0 159 6 300 30 2 4 0 Stilifolium jonesianum live 4062165000000 Stilifolium stipitatum live 000075000100 Stilifolium teres live 00000000100 Sunipia spp. live 0 18 000000000 Sunipia annamensis live 0 0 0 100 0000000 Sunipia grandiflora live 10 0000000000 Sunipia minor live 0 60 000000000 Systeloglossum spp. live 00002000000 Systeloglossum costaricense live 00000200000 Taeniophyllum spp. live 00001400100 Taeniophyllum biocellatum live 00000700000 Taeniophyllum culiciferum live 50 0300000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 116 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Taeniophyllum obtusum live 18000000000 Tainia spp. live 00040410000 Tainia latilingue live 02380000000 Telipogon spp. dried plants 00000002000 Telipogon spp. live 22 00002000022 Telipogon biolleyi live 00002000000 Tetragamestus modestus live 00000520000 Tetramicra spp. dried plants 000000012000 Tetramicra spp. live 00000502000 Tetramicra bulbosa live 00000001000 Tetramicra canaliculata live 00000400000 Tetramicra ekmanii live 00000600000 Tetramicra eulophiae dried plants 00000200000 Thecostele spp. live 00000010000 Thecostele alata live 11 1 13 10 18 110000 Thelasis spp. live 000102200000 Thelasis capitata live 00010000000 Thrixspermum spp. extract kg 00000000000 Thrixspermum spp. live 360 171 41 23 4 30 18 0000 Thrixspermum acuminatissimum dried plants 00000300000 Thrixspermum acuminatissimum live 23 64 32 2 29 34 00000 Thrixspermum amplexicaule live 00010000000 Thrixspermum arachnites extract kg 00000000000 Thrixspermum arachnites live 17 3 481 51 18 1 0 30 0 0 0 Thrixspermum calceolus live 51300300000 Thrixspermum centipeda live 0 66 50 71 23 19 0 30 50 0 0 Thrixspermum elongatum live 20000000000 Thrixspermum rubrocallosum live 002011000000 Thrixspermum scopa live 00010000000 Thrixspermum subulatum live 00010000000 Thrixspermum sutepense live 000004000000 Thunia spp. live 0 0 16 0 10 200000 Thunia bensoniae live 0000205000000 Thunia bracteata live 280 64 119 2111 2204 95 0 0 50 0 0 Thunia marshalliana live 203 20 0 41 0 85 100 0000 Ticoglossum spp. dried plants 00000000060 Ticoglossum spp. live 00000200000 Ticoglossum krameri dried plants 00000001000 Ticoglossum krameri live 00000200000 Ticoglossum oerstedii live 00000420000 Trachoma subluteum live 20000000000 Trias spp. live 41 21 48 0 22 220000 Trias intermedia live 168 63 93 147 499 270 00000 Trias nana live 20 0 100 32 16 200 100 0000 Trias nasuta live 15 49 0 31 355 150 20000 Trias oblonga live 35 50 063000000 Trias picta live 0 50 20 13 162 700000 Trias vitrina live 36 25 46 31 166 500000 Trichocentrum spp. live 00000503031 Trichocentrum pfavii live 02000000000 Trichocentrum tigrinum live 0000000200200 Trichoceros antennifer live 00000003000 Trichoceros parviflorus live 000000000320 Trichoglottis spp. live 575 93 230 3 4 25 33 1000 Trichoglottis amesiana live 30000000000 Trichoglottis bipunctata live 0053142200000 Trichoglottis cirrhifera live 0 0 10 2 13 26 00000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 117 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Trichoglottis ionosma live 60000000000 Trichoglottis lanceolaria live 00210000000 Trichoglottis philippinensis live 140 3 19 10000000 Trichoglottis retusa live 0 0 50 0 28 0 0 35 0 0 10 Trichoglottis rosea live 30000000000 Trichoglottis scaphigera live 00212000000 Trichoglottis tomentosa live 0023360000000 Trichoglottis triflora live 52 10 5 4 12 10 00000 Trichoglottis wenzelii live 90000000000 Trichopilia spp. dried plants 00000003000 Trichopilia spp. live 0003005012130 Trichopilia fragrans dried plants 00000009000 Trichopilia leucoxantha live 01000000000 Trichopilia maculata live 01000007000 Trichopilia marginata live 00000002500 Trichopilia suavis live 01000003000 Trichopilia tortilis live 00000330040 Trichosalpinx spp. dried plants 00000300070 Trichosalpinx blaisdellii live 00000600000 Trichosalpinx cedralensis live 00030000000 Trichosalpinx ciliaris live 0000012700000 Trichosalpinx foliata live 00000010000 Trichosalpinx microlepanthes dried plants 00000020000 Trichotosia spp. dried plants 00000400000 Trichotosia spp. live 00000110000 Trichotosia dalatensis live 0000001020000 Trichotosia microphylla live 00034000000 Trichotosia mucronata live 00030000000 Trichotosia pulvinata live 00000010000 Trichotosia rigida live 0 0 0 10 0000000 Trichotosia sakdisrii live 00001000000 Trichotosia velutina live 36 1 0 9 11 19 00000 Trichotosia vulpina live 40000010000 Tridactyle spp. live 1 14 000000000 Tridactyle bicaudata live 00010000000 Trigonidium spp. dried plants 00000000090 Trigonidium spp. live 0 100 12 0 13 600020 Trigonidium acuminatum live 1 9 20 00030000 Trigonidium egertonianum dried plants 00000004100 Trigonidium egertonianum live 11 4 77 127 122 87 89 78 0 0 0 Trigonidium grande live 0 0 10 00000000 Trigonidium insigne live 00000001000 Trigonidium lankesteri live 01000010000 Trigonidium riopalenquense live 0 0 13 00000000 Trigonochilum alatum live 000000016000 Trigonochilum meirax live 00000500000 Triphora spp. live 000000260000 Trisetella spp. live 20000000000 Trisetella regia live 00000000001 Trizeuxis spp. live 00001000000 Tropidia spp. live 00002000000 Trudelia pumila live 1 82 190 91 52 45 1 0 50 0 250 Tuberolabium kotoense live 163 0000000000 Uncifera dalatensis live 72 114 0 188 109 359 301 640 0 0 0 Vanda spp. dried plants 00000000001 Vanda spp. live 8808 4131 4932 1307 450 786 200 31 0 21 14 Vanda bensonii live 670 442 239 546 764 63 00000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 118 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Vanda bidupensis live 000000003000 Vanda brunnea live 106 149 95 155 92 34 10 15 0 0 0 Vanda coerulescens live 1294 1504 169 78 256 105 00000 Vanda dearei live 0 10 004000000 Vanda denisoniana live 569 904 1049 1326 309 765 1 16 80 50 0 Vanda javierii live 20000000000 Vanda lamellata live 102 16 000000000 Vanda lamellata var. boxallii live 266 0000000000 Vanda lilacina live 2783 2017 581 404 1754 1319 210 0 30 0 0 Vanda liouvillei live 0 72 55 149 136 001000 Vanda luzonica live 32 0000000000 Vanda parviflora live 11 35 41 30200000 Vanda roeblingiana live 339 0000000000 Vanda tessellata extract kg 000000018000 Vanda tessellata live 00001000000 Vanda testacea live 00040000000 Vanda tricolor live 00010000000 Vanda vipanii live 00900000000 Vandopsis spp. live 4 2 0 10 4 574 50100 Vandopsis gigantea live 6 21 44 276 62 42 00000 Vandopsis lissochiloides live 28 22 48 51 82 41 00000 Vanilla spp. dried plants 06040101050 Vanilla spp. live 920605001211114 Vanilla aphylla live 54 119 26 9 3168 46 00000 Vanilla barbellata dried plants 00000005000 Vanilla barbellata live 00082201000 Vanilla bicolor dried plants 00000021000 Vanilla bicolor live 0 0 15 00801000 Vanilla claviculata live 00580344020 Vanilla decaryana live 00050000100 Vanilla dilloniana dried plants 00000001000 Vanilla dilloniana live 00000220000 Vanilla grandiflora live 40000000000 Vanilla griffithii live 60000000000 Vanilla madagascariensis dried plants 00000000008 Vanilla madagascariensis live 0 0 1 15 0030000 Vanilla mexicana dried plants 00000001000 Vanilla mexicana live 00000100000 Vanilla pfaviana live 00000007000 Vanilla pilifera live 0000390000000 Vanilla planifolia live 5 150 80 150 80 26 0 23 0 1 32 Vanilla poitaei live 00000100000 Vanilla pompona live 02000000000 Vanilla siamensis live 0 3 10 5 1 23 00000 Vrydagzynea spp. live 00000030300 Warmingia eugenii live 000020000000 Warrea spp. live 002020000000 Warrea warreana live 003010000000 Wullschlaegelia aphylla dried plants 00000010000 Xylobium spp. dried plants 03000000000 Xylobium spp. live 03000022030 Xylobium colleyi live 003015000000 Xylobium elongatum live 010000000150 Xylobium foveatum live 00300000000 Xylobium palmifolium live 00000300200 Xylobium variegatum live 0 0 10 00000000 Zeuxine francii live 60000000000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 119 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Zootrophion spp. live 00000100000 Zootrophion atropurpureum dried plants 00000300000 Zootrophion atropurpureum live 00102520000 Zygopetalum spp. live 00001000000 Zygopetalum maxillare live 20 0 0 0 20 000000 Zygostates spp. live 000019000000 Zygostates alleniana live 000060000000 OROBANCHACEAE Cistanche deserticola derivatives 00000000001 Cistanche deserticola derivatives kg 000000004200 0 1146 Cistanche deserticola derivatives shipment 00000000001 Cistanche deserticola stems kg 0000000003750 2500 PALMAE Chrysalidocarpus decipiens live 0104141000000 Neodypsis decaryi derivatives kg 0000000030300 Neodypsis decaryi live 0 540 08407000000 PORTULACACEAE Anacampseros spp. live 00620000000 Anacampseros albidiflora live 00000100000 Anacampseros arachnoides live 00000100000 Anacampseros comptonii live 00000100000 Avonia papyracea live 000101500000 Avonia quinaria ssp. alstonii live 000000015000 PRIMULACEAE Cyclamen spp. live 540 580300 12195 16 30000 2775 6400 0000 Cyclamen adzharicum live 000000000011 Cyclamen cilicium live 333600 320155 101110 64245 77010 151197 250000 250000 250000 250000 286675 Cyclamen colchicum live 000000000400 Cyclamen coum live 77195 154375 134775 100245 108125 159155 210400 250000 250000 527930 610830 Cyclamen coum ssp. caucasicum live 000000000400 Cyclamen hederifolium live 1195818 1654534 1507490 537430 1228703 1419051 1265000 748962 1250000 1544859 1462065 Cyclamen hederifolium var. hederifolium fa. hed. live 224317 158752 332835 193830 363759 295077 399242 692888 13800 0 0 Cyclamen intaminatum dried plants 000000000100100 Cyclamen intaminatum live 00000000355050 Cyclamen mirabile live 000000003500 Cyclamen persicum live 0000510000000 Cyclamen pseudibericum dried plants 000000000100100 Cyclamen pseudibericum live 0000000005050 Cyclamen repandum live 00050000000 Cyclamen trochopteranthum dried plants 000000018000 Cyclamen trochopteranthum live 00000507575000 RANUNCULACEAE Hydrastis canadensis derivatives litre 00000000005 Hydrastis canadensis dried plants kg 0000004534 0 0 0 60 Hydrastis canadensis extract kg 000000001300 Hydrastis canadensis live kg 000000250000 Hydrastis canadensis roots kg 0000008031301421 256 60

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 120 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ROSACEAE Prunus africana bark 0000016020 10000 Prunus africana bark kg 0 0 0 150000 478000 648426 739013 777484 529761 614165 307561 Prunus africana chips kg 00000000000 Prunus africana derivatives 00000150000 900 0000 Prunus africana derivatives kg 000000000201764 Prunus africana dried plants 00000030000 Prunus africana dried plants kg 000000211012 0 0 Prunus africana extract 00000030500160 Prunus africana extract kg 0 0 0 2469 10106 54954 604749 226055 341784 7415 2866 Prunus africana leaves kg 00000000000 Prunus africana powder kg 0 0 0 809672 876 284708 883481 331022 362660 60000 0 Prunus africana roots kg 00000000100 Prunus africana sawn timber 00000021000 Prunus africana sawn timber m3 0000075300000 Prunus africana specimens 00000010800 Prunus africana specimens kg 00000000010 Prunus africana timber pieces kg 0000008000000 Prunus africana unspecified 0000032750 00000 SARRACENIACEAE Sarracenia flava derivatives 0 0 1000 00000000 Sarracenia leucophylla live 13500 0000000000 Sarracenia minor live 50000000000 Sarracenia psittacina live 9000 27500 000000000 Sarracenia purpurea dried plants kg 000002100000 Sarracenia purpurea leaves 0000000005660 Sarracenia purpurea live 6000 25450 0000000400 SCROPHULARIACEAE Picrorhiza kurrooa derivatives kg 0000000001000 Picrorhiza kurrooa dried plants kg 00000000000 Picrorhiza kurrooa extract kg 0000000000300 Picrorhiza kurrooa roots kg 000000000100300 STANGERIACEAE Bowenia serrulata stems 0 0 0 33370 3820 7020 0 1890 13700 0 0 Bowenia serrulata live 0 0 0 23765 0000030 Bowenia serrulata leaves 0 0 0 3563 1765 10900 0 3020 18700 0 0 TAXACEAE Taxus wallichiana extract kg 0000000056383 Taxus wallichiana derivatives kg 00000004000 0 0 0 THYMELAEACEAE (AQUILARIACEAE) Aquilaria spp. chips kg 0 0 0 15759 8174 0 566481 232660 725000 0 1 Aquilaria spp. sawn timber m3 0000000001330 Aquilaria spp. sawn timber kg 000000000283587 0 Aquilaria malaccensis chips m3 000000000014 Aquilaria malaccensis chips kg 0 0 0 539888 499309 604553 483275 220407 167208 209700 259065 Aquilaria malaccensis derivatives kg 00000001001 0 50 0 Aquilaria malaccensis derivatives shipment 000000045000 Aquilaria malaccensis extract kg 00000005000 Aquilaria malaccensis oil kg 0 0 0 380 0000200 Aquilaria malaccensis roots kg 000000003000 0 0 Aquilaria malaccensis sawn timber kg 0 0 0 24063 2494 3892 787 945 340 3195 0 Aquilaria malaccensis specimens 00000000102

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 121 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 VALERIANACEAE Nardostachys grandiflora specimens 00000000200 Nardostachys grandiflora roots kg 00000000012500 0 WELWITSCHIACEAE Welwitschia mirabilis stems 00000001000 ZAMIACEAE Zamiaceae spp. live 2000010020200 Zamiaceae spp. seeds 000000004400 0 0 Dioon edule live 0 0 0 350 0000000 Dioon rzedowskii live 000000037000 Dioon spinulosum live 00000020000 Lepidozamia peroffskyana live 3 0 0 18 0000060 Macrozamia spp. live 00000004070 Macrozamia cardiacensis live 00000000020 Macrozamia communis dried plants 000010000000 Macrozamia communis live 3 0 0 230 0000000 Macrozamia communis leaves 0 4000 0 12000 45500 8150 70000 0 4000 0 0 Macrozamia communis stems 4000 0 4000 22349 0000070000 0 Macrozamia longispina live 000000000170 Macrozamia lucida live 000000000110 Macrozamia miquelii logs 00000000800 Macrozamia miquelii live 0 0 0 600 10000 0 0 0 50 103 2 Macrozamia miquelii stems 0 0 600 0 470100 60015 0 420 8 0 0 Macrozamia moorei logs 0000000018200 Macrozamia moorei stems 000000002400 Macrozamia moorei live 0 0 0 212 227 269 1 419 1294 1582 707 Macrozamia mountperriensis live 000000000450 Macrozamia riedlei live 0005252518224000 Macrozamia riedlei leaves 00031040000000 Macrozamia riedlei stems 000040548 6000 00000 Macrozamia spiralis live 00000020000 Zamia spp. dried plants 00000200000 Zamia spp. roots 00004000050 Zamia spp. seeds 000005000000 Zamia spp. specimens 00000000030 Zamia spp. live 0 0 0 47958 0 0 0 14 0 5 0 Zamia cunaria live 00000000700 Zamia debilis live 00000400000 Zamia dressleri live 000000002100 Zamia fairchildiana live 000000001000 Zamia floridana live 00000010000 Zamia furfuracea live 0 0 0 279210 269590 10010 1 0 0 1800 3500 Zamia furfuracea live kg 0000000001361 0 Zamia furfuracea leaves 0 0 0 100040 0000000 Zamia lindenii live 000000000300 Zamia muricata dried plants 00000001000 Zamia picta live 000000015070 Zamia picta roots 00000000070 Zamia picta specimens 00000000020 Zamia polymorpha live 00000000060 Zamia polymorpha roots 000000010060 Zamia polymorpha specimens 00000000020 Zamia pseudoparasitica live 000000001100 Zamia pumila dried plants 00000001000 Zamia pumila live 00000001000 Zamia skinneri live 00000000700

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 122 Taxon Term Unit 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Guaiacum spp. sawn timber m3 00000000000 Guaiacum spp. specimens shipment 01000000000 Guaiacum officinale carving 0 36 000000000 Guaiacum officinale live 00001200000 Guaiacum officinale specimens kg 00000200000 Guaiacum officinale timber pieces 0000010923 17633 2834 0 0 0 Guaiacum officinale unspecified 0000005290 0000 Guaiacum sanctum carving 00000001000 Guaiacum sanctum carving kg 000000000200 Guaiacum sanctum dried plants 08000000000 Guaiacum sanctum sawn timber 00000000100 Guaiacum sanctum sawn timber m3 29 328 274 150 220 130 154 171 315 150 243 Guaiacum sanctum specimens kg 00000000000 Guaiacum sanctum stems kg 00000000000 Guaiacum sanctum timber pieces 000000310000 Guaiacum sanctum unspecified 0050010049 00000

PC14 Doc. 9.3 – p. 123