sign in sign up
<<
Home , Hydrophile

Alkoxylates Collaborative Chemistry. AlkoxylatesCreative . AlkoxylatesAlkoxylates Collaborative Chemistry. CollaborativeCreative Solutions Chemistr. y. Creative Solutions. Collaborative Chemistry. Creative Solutions.

Stepan Company EO/PO Block Copolymers

1 Stepan EO/PO Block Copolymers Block copolymers provide a broad range of physical properties that make them versatile, low-foam nonionic made from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

MAKON® L-Series: Liquid EO/PO Block Copolymers MAKON P-Series: Paste EO/PO Block Copolymers MAKON R-Series: Liquid Reverse EO/PO Block Copolymers

MAKON L-Series & P-Series MAKON R-Series

EO PO EO PO EO PO

The MAKON L-Series and P-Series EO/PO The MAKON R-Series Reverse EO/PO Block Block Copolymers are both made by addition of Copolymers are made by addition of hydrophobic hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO) to both ends of a propylene oxide (PO) to both ends of a polypropylene glycol (PPG) . polyethylene glycol (PEG) .

Typical Properties

Average Cloud Point Pour Viscosity Stepan Molecular at 1 wt% INCI Name Form at 25oC HLB Point, at 38oC, Tradename Weight, aqueous, oC cps g/mol oC MAKON L61 Poloxamer 181 Liquid 3 2,000 24 -32 162 MAKON L62 Poloxamer 182 Liquid 7 2,500 32 -41 268 MAKON L64 Poloxamer 184 Liquid 15 2,900 58 18 312 MAKON L101 Poloxamer 331 Liquid 1 3,800 15 -36 392 MAKON P65/75 N/A Paste 17 3,800 82 27 2222 MAKON P104 Poloxamer 334 Paste 13 5,900 82 32 4482 MAKON P105 Poloxamer 335 Paste 15 6,500 631 36 6262 MAKON 17R2 Meroxapol 172 Liquid 6 2,150 35 -39 224 MAKON 17R4 Meroxapol 174 Liquid 12 2,650 46 10 333 MAKON L-Series and R-Series products contain <100 ppm ash catalyst For unfiltered grades of the MAKON L-Series, please contact your Stepan Sales Representative 1 1 wt% in 10 wt% NaCl (sodium chloride) 2 At 60oC

2 4000 Molecular Structure Guide

3500 MAKON L-Series & P-Series MAKON R-Series 3000 Liquid Paste Solid Liquid Paste Solid 4000 4000

2500 3500 3500

2000 3000 3000 4000 1500 2500 2500 3500 1000 0 10 20 30 200040 50 60 70 80 2000 3000

1500 1500 2500

1000 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 200040 50 60 70 80

1500 MAKON L-Series & P-Series Naming Structure: The naming and molecular structure for EO/PO block copolymers use the following rules: The first digit (the first two digits in a three digit 1000number) multiplied by 300 indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe (PO content). The last0 digit10 multiplied20 30 by40 50 60 70 80 ten gives the percentage of hydrophile (EO content) in the . For example, MAKON L64 indicates a hydrophobe molecular weight of approximately 1,800 g/mol and a hydrophile molecular weight of 40% of the molecular mass.

MAKON R-Series Naming Structure: The naming and molecular structure for reverse EO/PO block copolymers use the following rules: The first two digits multiplied by 100 indicate the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe. The last digit multiplied by ten gives the percentage of hydrophile in the molecule. For example, MAKON 17R2 indicates a hydrophobe molecular weight of approximately 1,700 g/mol and a hydrophile molecular weight of 20% of the molecular mass.

3

Stepan Tradename Xylene Toulene Kerosene Methanol Isopropanol (95%) Distilled Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Propylene Glycol Propylene Mineral Oil (light) Perchloroethylene

MAKON L61 Insoluble >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON L62 >10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON L64 >10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON L101 Insoluble >10 >10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON P65/75 >10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON P104 >10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble <10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON P105 <10 >10 <10 >10 Insoluble <10 >10 Insoluble Insoluble <10 <10 MAKON 17R2 <10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble <10 >10 <10 Insoluble >10 >10 MAKON 17R4 >10 >10 >10 >10 Insoluble >10 >10 Insoluble <10 >10 >10

Solutions evaluated at 22oC <10 indicates the surfactant forms a clear at less than 10 wt% in >10 indicates the forms a clear solution at greater than 10 wt% in solvent Insoluble indicates the surfactant does not form a clear solution at 1 wt%

Application Selection Guide

Due to the wide range of physical properties, EO/PO block copolymers can be utilized for many different industries and applications. Some of the industries they can be utilized for include paints & coatings, household & industrial cleaning, agricultural chemicals, metalworking fluids, textiles, pulp & paper and personal care.

MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON MAKON Applications L61 L62 L64 L101 P65/75 P104 P105 17R2 17R4 Adhesives X X Agrochemical X X X X X X Clean-in-Place X X X X X X X Foam Control X X X X Food Processing X X X X Iodophor X X X X Machine Dishwash X X X X Metalworking Fluids X X X X Paints & Coatings X X X X X X Personal Care X X X X Pulp & Paper X X X X X Rinse Aid X X X X Sanitizing Solutions X X X X X X Textiles X X X X Water Treatment X X X X X 4Wetting Agent X X X X TypeTypeType NameNameName 25 25C25 C C 50 50C50 C C 0.1%0.1%0.1% 1.0%1.0%1.0% 0.1%0.1%0.1% 1.0%1.0%1.0% L61L61L61MAKONMAKONMAKON L61 L61 L61 INSINSINS INSINSINS 636363 161616 L62L62L62MAKONMAKONMAKON L62 L62 L62 300300300 323232 ------L64L64L64MAKONMAKONMAKON L64 L64 L64 300300300 151515 ------L101L101L101MAKONMAKONMAKON L101 L101 L101 INSINSINSWettingINSINSINS ------P65/75P65/75P65/75MAKONMAKONMAKON P65/75 P65/75 P65/75 300300300 300300300 ------Draves describesP104P104P104MAKON aMAKON surfactant’sMAKON P104 P104 P104 ability to300 300penetrate300 13 13and13 wet -cotton.- - Based- - - on the data shown below, MAKON L64, MAKON P104P105 andP105P105 MAKONMAKONMAKONMAKON P105 17R4 P105 P105 show good300300 wetting300 30 and3030 penetrating- - - properties.- - - MAKON L61 and MAKON L101 o are both insoluble17R2 in17R2 water17R2MAKON MAKONatMAKON 25 17R2C. 17R2 17R2 300300300 300300300 ------17R417R417R4MAKONMAKONMAKON 17R4 17R4 17R4 696969 0 0 0 ------Draves Wetting at 25oC >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 90 9090

75 7575 69

60 6060

45 4545 32 30

30 3030

Wetting Time (sec) Wetting Time (sec) Wetting Time (sec) 15 13

15 1515 INS3 INS 0

0 0 0

0.1%0.10.1% wt%0.1%1.0%1.0%1.0%1.0 wt% 3 INS = Insoluble Draves Wetting Method: ASTM D2188-10, 5-g skein, 3-g hook, 0.1 wt% nonionic, deionized water, 25°C

SurfaceSurface TensionTension andand Interfacial Interfacial TensionTension

Surface Tension (ST): Surface tension is a measure of the amount of energy (work) required to expand surface area between air and water. Lowering the surface tension of water improves its capability to wet surfaces and solubilize liquids or disperse solids. Surfactant performance such as detergency is often correlated with lower surface or interfacial tension. Interfacial Tension (IFT): Interfacial tension is a measure of the work required to expand the interfacial area between two immiscible liquids, such as water and mineral oil. Lower IFT values correlate to better wetting and increased detergency, solubilization, or emulsification. Surface Tension, Interfacial Tension with Light Mineral Oil, Stepan dynes/cm (wt%) dynes/cm (wt%) Tradename 0.1% 0.01% 0.001% 0.1% 0.01% 0.001% MAKON L61 Insoluble 43.7 46.9 Insoluble 1 7. 0 24.1 MAKON L62 42.3 44.6 48.6 13.9 24.1 27.7 MAKON L64 41.5 44.4 48.0 13.9 1 7. 4 20.4 MAKON L101 Insoluble 34.8 39.2 Insoluble 4.5 25.1 MAKON P65/75 41.8 45.0 47.9 15.6 21.7 23.8 MAKON P104 35.7 38.9 42.9 4.3 12.6 31.9 MAKON P105 35.7 38.5 42.9 5.6 9.3 12.8 MAKON 17R2 43.0 45.8 48.8 15.1 19.1 23.3 MAKON 17R4 45.2 48.1 51.1 1 7. 5 21.6 24.3 5 40

35

30 MAKON L61 25 MAKON L62 20 MAKON L64 15 MAKON L101

10

5 High Shear Foam Behavior Defoaming 400 MAKON EO/PO Block and Reverse Block Copolymers exhibit low foaming characteristics. Traditionally, the Ross- Miles Method (ASTM35 D1173-53, 2001) has been used to show the foam profile of surfactants. However, it is hard to differentiate the products with this method due to their low levels of foam from a lack of shear. The Blender Foam 30 Method shows the foam behavior under high shear conditions and is able to differentiate product performance. 25 The charts shown below describe the foaming characteristics of aqueous solutions at 0.1% activeMAKON P65/75 at o a temperature of 25 20C in a Waring blender. The MAKON L-Series and R-Series exhibit the bestMAKON low-foam P104 properties. In general, the initial foam generation (flash foam) of block copolymers increases as the molecule has increasing amounts of EO. Additionally,15 as a block copolymer increases hydrophobe molecular weight (PO),MAKON while P105 EO remains constant, foam stability increases. Low foaming is dependent upon surfactant cloud point and application-use 10 temperature. When deciding on a formulation component, it is recommended that a formulator use a block copolymer whose cloud point is below5 the intended use temperature. o 400 High Shear Blender Foam at 25 C 40 35 Liquids 35 30 30 MAKON L61 25 25 MAKON 17R2L62 20 Type20 Name 0.1%, 25 C 0.1%, 50 C MAKON 17R4L64 120 Initial 5 min Initial 5 min 15 15 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) MAKON L101 L61100 MAKON L61 INS INS 0 0 10 L62 MAKON L62 16 1 20 8 L64805 MAKON L64 13 0 88 16 L101 MAKON L101 INS INS INS INS P65/7560400 MAKON P65/75 44 14 104 37 0 30 60 90 120 P104 MAKON P104 92 90 69 Reverses67 35 P10540 MAKON P105 82 Time (sec)73 91 77 Foam Height Height (mm) Foam 17R230 MAKON 17R2 0 0 0 0 17R420 MAKON 17R4 2 0 0 0 25 0 MAKON 17R2 20 MAKON 17R4 15

10 Initial 5 min 5 120 0 100 0 30 60 90 120 Time (sec) 80 Under the conditions described, MAKON L61, MAKON L101, MAKON 17R2 and MAKON 17R4 exhibit the best low-foaming properties. 60

Blender Method: Equipment: Waring Food40 & Beverage blender with 40-oz cloverleaf carafe

Test solution: 0.1 Height (mm) Foam wt% surfactant in deionized water Procedure: Incubate 20test solution and blender carafe at 25°C, blend 200 mL on high speed for 30 seconds, allow foam to settle, use video camera to record foam during blending and for 5 minutes after, measure foam height in mm

6 0

Initial 5 min Defoaming Type Name Foam Height (mm) @ Time (sec) In addition to having low-foam profiles, some of the0 MAKON5 EO/PO Block10 and Reverse15 Block30 Copolymers60 exhibit 10 defoaming characteristics.L61 MAKON The Defoaming L61 Method shows5.5 the 5.5foam behavior5.5 under high5 shear 4.5conditions with3 food soil (egg white) and alkalinity at elevated temperatures. This is relevant to Clean-in-Place (CIP) and machine dishwash L62 MAKON L62 6 6 6 6 6 6 applications. L64 MAKON L64 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 The charts shownL101 below describeMAKON L101 the defoaming characteristics7.5 7.5 of block copolymers6 added6 atMAKON 0.02%5 L61 active4.5 o concentration toP65/75 aqueousMAKON solutions P65/75 with 3% alkalinity17.5 and 1%17.5 egg white17.5 at a temperature17.5 ofMAKON 5017.5C in L62 a Waring17.5 blender. 5 The blank representsP104 the MAKONfoam level P104 generated from15 the alkaline15 egg white15 solution with15 no surfactantMAKON15 L64 added.14.5 The MAKON L-Series and R-Series exhibit the best defoaming properties. Defoaming is dependent upon surfactant cloud P105 MAKON P105 21 21 21 21 MAKON21 L101 21 point and application-use17R2 MAKONtemperature. 17R2 When deciding7 on a defoamer,7 it is recommended7 7 that a6.5 formulator6.5 use a block copolymer whose cloud point is below the intended use temperature. 17R4 MAKON 17R4 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5

Type High ShearName Defoaming with Egg White at 50oC Foam Height (mm) @ Time (sec) 100 0 5 10 15 30 60 40 Blank 26 26 Liquids26 26 25.5 25.5 L6135 MAKON L61 5.5 5.5 5.5 5 4.5 3 L62 MAKON L62 6 6 6 6 6 6 30 L64 MAKON L64 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 MAKON L61 L10125 MAKON L101 7.5 7.5 6 6 5 4.5 MAKON 17R2 MAKON L62 TypeP65/755 MAKONName P65/75 0.1%, 2517.5 C 17.50.1%, 50 C 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 20 MAKON 17R4 P104120 MAKON P104DefoamingInitial 5 min15 Initial15 5 min15 15 MAKON15 L64 14.5 15 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) P105 MAKON P105 21 21 21 21 MAKON21 L101 21 L61100 MAKON L61 INS INS 0 0 17R210 MAKON 17R2 7 7 7 7 6.5 6.5 L62 MAKON L62 16 1 20 8 Blank 17R480 MAKON 17R4 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 L64 5 MAKON L64 13 0 88 16 L101 MAKON L101 INS INS INS INS P65/7560400 MAKON P65/75 44 14 104 37 P104 MAKON0 P104 15 92 30 90 69 45 Reverses67 60 35 P10540 MAKON P105 82 Time (sec)73 91 77 Foam Height Height (mm) Foam 17R2 30 MAKON 17R2 0 0 0 0 17R420 MAKON 17R4 2 0 0 0 25 0 MAKON 17R2 20 Defoaming MAKON 17R4 15 Blank 10 Initial 5 min 1205

0 100 0 30 60 90 120 Time (sec) 80 Under the conditions described, MAKON L61, MAKON L101, MAKON 17R2 and MAKON 17R4 exhibit the best defoaming properties. 60

Defoaming Blender Method: Equipment: Waring40 Food & Beverage blender with 40-oz cloverleaf carafe

Test solution: 0.02 Height (mm) Foam wt% surfactant, 3 wt% NaOH (sodium hydroxide), and 1 wt% fresh egg white in deionized water Blank test solution:20 3 wt% NaOH, 1 wt% fresh egg white in deionized water, no surfactant added Procedure: Incubate test solution and blender carafe at 50°C, blend 200 mL on high speed for 30 seconds, allow foam to settle, use video camera to record foam during blending and for 5 minutes after, measure foam height in mm 0 7

Initial 5 min Visit www.stepan.com/alkoxylates for Stepan’s full product portfolio.

For further information, contact North America Technical Service at [email protected] or (800) 745-7837.

2018 © Stepan Company. All Rights Reserved. MAKON® is a registered trademark of Stepan Company. The information contained herein is based on the manufacturer’s own study and the works of others and is subject to change without prior notice. The information is not intended to be all-inclusive, including as to the manner and conditions of use, handling, storage or disposal or other factors that may involve additional legal, environmental, safety or performance considerations. Nothing contained herein grants or extends a license, express or implied, in connection with any patents issued or pending of the manufacturer or others, or shall be construed as a recommendation to infringe any patents. STEPAN COMPANY MAKES NO PRODUCT WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR GUARANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE, INCLUDING AS TO INFORMATION REGARDING PERFORMANCE, SAFETY, SUITABILITY, STABILITY, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, OR ADEQUACY. Stepan Company (and its employees, subsidiaries and affiliates) shall not be liable (regardless of fault) to the vendee, its employees, or any other party for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the accuracy, completeness, adequacy, furnishing, use, or reliance upon information provided herein. The vendee assumes and releases Stepan Company (and its employees, subsidiaries and affiliates) from all liability, whether in tort, contract or otherwise to the fullest extent possible under the relevant law. June 2018 8