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In/Security in Context: an Inquiry Into the Relational and Contextual Dimensions of In/Security Within

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In/Security in Context: an Inquiry Into the Relational and Contextual Dimensions of In/Security Within IN/SECURITY IN CONTEXT An inquiry into the relational and contextual dimensions of in/security within the Colombian peace process A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2017 Caroline Delgado School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Table of Contents List of Maps .......................................................................................................................... 8 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ 8 List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................. 9 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 11 Declaration .......................................................................................................................... 12 Copyright Statement .......................................................................................................... 13 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 14 Dedication ........................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ........................................................................................ 17 1.1 An Abstract of Everyday In/Security .................................................................. 17 1.2 Relational and Contextual Dimensions of In/security ....................................... 20 1.3 Outline of the Thesis ............................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review and Conceptual Framework ............................. 26 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Traditional Security Studies................................................................................. 27 2.2.1 Security as a ‘Thing’ .................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 State Centrality ............................................................................................. 29 2.2.3 State-Society Relations ................................................................................ 30 2.2.4 Boundaries and Exclusions .......................................................................... 31 2.3 Turning a Critical Gaze on Traditional Approaches ........................................ 32 2.3.1 Critical Security Studies and the Referent Object........................................ 33 2.3.2 Critical Security Studies, Discourse and Identity ........................................ 36 2.3.3 Critical security Studies and Context ........................................................... 39 2.3.4 Critical Security Studies and the Politicisation of Security ......................... 41 2 2.4 Critiquing the Critical Security Approaches ...................................................... 42 2.5 The Research Framework .................................................................................... 45 2.5.1 The Relational and Contextual Dimensions of In/security .......................... 46 2.5.2 Asymmetrical Levels ................................................................................... 49 2.5.2.1 The state level .............................................................................................. 50 2.5.2.2 The local community level ........................................................................... 52 2.5.3 Implications of In/Security Understandings ................................................ 52 2.6 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 54 2.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 55 CHAPTER THREE: A Contextual Background on the Colombian Armed Conflict . 57 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 57 3.2 Representations of the Armed Conflict in Colombia ......................................... 58 3.3 The Centre-Periphery Divide ............................................................................... 60 3.4 The Armed Conflict in the Peripheries ............................................................... 63 3.4.1 Temporal Dynamics ..................................................................................... 63 3.4.2 Alternative Sites of Authority ...................................................................... 67 3.4.2.1 The IAGs as an alternative site of authority................................................. 68 3.4.2.2 Alternative sites of authority through state-paramilitary alliances .............. 69 3.4.2.3 Alternative sites of authority through paramilitaries, rural elite, and the national armed forces alliances ................................................................................ 71 3.4.3 State Legitimacy Eroded in the Peripheries ................................................. 72 3.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 74 CHAPTER FOUR: Methodology ..................................................................................... 76 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 76 4.2 Reality as Subjectively Constructed: The Research Philosophy ...................... 76 4.2.1 Ontological Position ..................................................................................... 77 3 4.2.2 Epistemological Position .............................................................................. 77 4.2.3 Positionality ................................................................................................. 78 4.3 The Colombian Case Study .................................................................................. 79 4.3.1 Micro-level: Local Conflict-Affected Communities .................................... 80 4.3.1.1 Farmer associations ...................................................................................... 81 4.3.1.2 Internally displaced people .......................................................................... 82 4.3.2 Macro-level: The Government and State Institutions .................................. 83 4.4 Capturing Relational and Contextual Dimensions through Mixed Methods .. 84 4.4.1 Qualitative Methods ..................................................................................... 84 4.4.2 Quantitative Methods ................................................................................... 85 4.4.3 Visual Methods ............................................................................................ 85 4.5 The Three Phases of Research ............................................................................. 86 4.5.1 Phase One: Selection of Local Research Sites ............................................. 86 4.5.1.1 Data used ...................................................................................................... 87 4.5.1.2 Creating the maps ......................................................................................... 88 4.5.1.3 Contextual background of the research sites ................................................ 90 4.5.2 Phase Two: Analysis of National Security Policy ....................................... 92 4.5.3 Phase Three: Primary Data Sampling .......................................................... 93 4.5.3.1 The practicalities of the interviews .............................................................. 93 4.5.3.2 The ethics of the interviews ......................................................................... 95 4.5.3.3 Grounded theory-inspired sampling and analysis ........................................ 97 4.5.3.4 Interviews as interactional............................................................................ 99 4.5.3.5 Triangulation .............................................................................................. 100 4.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 100 CHAPTER FIVE: Understandings of In/Security at the Macro-Level ...................... 102 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 102 4 5.2 Geospatial Dimensions of In/Security ............................................................... 103 5.3 In/Security Understandings Represented in Policy ......................................... 105 5.3.1 National Security Policy ............................................................................ 105 5.3.2 The Territorial Consolidation Programme ................................................. 108 5.3.3 Territorial Peace and the Victim and Land Restitution Law...................... 113 5.4 State-Centred Foundations ................................................................................ 121 5.5 The Strong Legitimate State Identity ...............................................................
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