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An Analysis of the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme and Its Effects on Social and Economic Development in the Northern Region of Ghana

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An Analysis of the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme and Its Effects on Social and Economic Development in the Northern Region of Ghana University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh AN ANALYSIS OF THE GUINEA WORM ERADICATION PROGRAMME AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA BY NICHOLAS N-KANG YEMBILAH THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PH.D) GEOGRAPHY DEGREE DECEMBER 2015 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MY FATHER, DR. NICHOLLAS NYABAH YEMBILAH AND MOTHER, MRS. STELLE KATE YEMBILAH (NEE GURIBIE) FOR THEIR UNFAILING SUPPORT THEY HAVE ALWAYS GIVEN TO MY SISTERS AND I IN OUR EFFORTS TO BE USEFUL TO OURSELVES, OUR FAMILY, OUR COUNTRY, AND HUMANITY i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references cited which have been duely acknowledged, this work is the result of my own research produced under supervision. It has never been presented anywhere, either in part, or wholly, for the award of any degree. ………………………………………… NICHOLAS N-KANG YEMBILAH (STUDENT) ………………………………………… NAA PROF. JOHN S. NABILA (PRINCIPAL SUPERVISOR) ………………………………………… PROF. SAMUEL AGYEI-MENSAH (CO-SUPERVISOR) ………………………………………… PROF. JACOB SONGSORE (CO-SUPERVISOR) ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several people contributed to make the writing of this thesis a success, and deserve acknowledgement and special thanks. First to be mentioned in this regard is the University for Development Studies for not withholding from me, a grant of study leave to pursue this programme, despite the late completion of my study leave application. My gratitude goes to the then Dean-in-Charge of the Wa Campus Professor Abraham Berinyuu, and the Department Head of Environment and Resources Studies, Dr. Osman Kanton for advicing me on the administrative procedures to pursue to apply for study leave and ensuring that my application forms were promptly delivered to the Registrar. Next to be mentioned in this regard is the then Pro-Vice Chancellor Professor David Millar and subsequently the subsisting Pro-Vice Chancellor Professor G. A. Teye for extending their courtesy to me during the entire period of my programme. Also to rememberred in this regard are Dr. A. B. T. Zakariah, Mr Idrrisu M. Tanko of the Academic Affairs Unit of the University for Development Studies and Mr. Moses A. Asekabta formerly of the Academic Affairs Unit and currently of the School of Graduate Studies, for assising me to complete my study leave application to enable me pursue this programme on a full time basis. Last but not the least is Dr. Sylvester Zacharia Galaa, Dean of the Faculty of Integrated Development Studies for occasionally contacting me on phone to enquire of my progress of work. The second to be mentioned in this regard is my Principal Supervisor Naa Professor John S. Nabila. I met got know him in the summer of 1991, when I was preparing for my “A” level exams. His affable and friendly disposition, made me conceive the idea of pursuing a university education to the PhD level. He guided me during my under graduate studies, the iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh research period of my MPhil programme, and also during the entire period of my PhD programme. I learnt from him several things in research and in the ethics of higher education, especially the art of laying a solid foundation for research (unambiguously arriving at the statement of a research problem and its accompanying objectives) and cultivating the spirit of fortitude in academic work when he asked the 1997 level 400 year group of my class, especially Catholics, to acquire knowledge on “handling pressures” in life from the book of Sirach, when we complained that lecturers in the Geography Department were placing heavy academic burdens on us, thus making it difficult for us to study. During the field work stage of this programme he gave me unimpeded access to the corridors of power of Ghana Health Service and Guinea Worm Eradication Programme offices in the Northern Region by informing the Regional Directors of my research before I arrived in the region to officially undertake my fieldwork. His comments during the early stages of the research expanded my imagination and paved the way for the write up stage of this thesis. These are but a few of the things he ignited in me for which I will forever be indebted to him. For these and those that I have not mentioned I say thank you for leading me kindly to this destination of my academic training. Third in the row of those deserving acknowledgement and gratitude is my Supervisor Professor Samuel Agyei-Mensah. I got to know him in 1998 when I came under his instruction as an MPhil student and during the research stage of my MPhil programme. I recall his comment to me during the research stage of my MPhil programme, that one of the requirements for post graduate research was to “demonstrate [our] mastery” in the use of geographical tools; which I consider a boon which was imparted to me through him, and which I have since relied on in my academic work. Also during the entire period of my programme he took time off his busy schedule to encourage me during the critical stages of iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh the research. For the personal relationship which he cultivated with me and which he used to informally impart academic knowledge to me since 1998, and especially during the stressful period of his administrative duties as a Dean and Pro-Vost, I owe him my gratitude and sincere thanks. Next in the row to be mentioned for acknowledgment and special thanks is my Supervisor Professor Jacob Songsore. I got to know him from a distance in 1991 and later at close range from 1996 onwards. I took my first steps into the field of research with great uncertainty. However, under his supervision he released my imagination in conducting research. I had difficulty expressing my ideas on paper; but his positive comments on my potential to clearly express myself on paper encouraged me to invest in developing my writing skill. He constantly put on me the required pressure I needed to keep me on my toes to bring this thesis to its conclusion. For these and many more I express my profound gratitude and very great thanks. Also to be mentioned in the list of those who encouraged me to work on this thesis is Professor Raymond B. Benning. The first challenge I encountered at the beginning of the research was the concern that the topic had been “over flogged” and may not be a suitable area for research. His advice on the path I should take in my literature review to find a point at which I could contribute to the subject without recycling what has already been done paved the way for me to find a suitable area to research into. There were other challenges I occasionally encountered; but his encouragement gave me the impetus to keep working to complete the research. For always having a listening ear and encouraging me to keep working, I register my profound gratitude and thanks, and look forward to benefitting from his good counsel. v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh I also give my special gratitude to Professors Edwin Gyasi and Paul W.K. Yankson who during seminars made constructive criticisms of research topics which helped me to try to make it “relevant to meet the pressing socio-economic needs” of Ghana. I also give special thanks to Dr. Sam Bugri, Chairman of the National Guinea Worm Certification Committee and Head of Department of the Department of Community Health of the School of Medical and Health Sciences of the University for Development Studies, Tamale; Dr. Akwasi Twumasi, Regional Director of the Ghana Health Services, Northern Region, Tamale; and, Dr. Jacob Y. Mahama, Deputy Director of Public Health Services, Northern Region, Tamale, without whose support the field work of the research would not have been able to take off in the region. I also remember with great gratitude the assistance and cooperation Mr. Gilbert Dery (Programme Manager, Northern Region, GWEP), Mr. Kwame Owusu, (National Data Manager, GWEP), and Mr. David Agyeman (Deputy National Programme Manager, GWEP), gave me by making available to me the necessary information and guidance I needed to put this thesis together. I also remember with profound gratitude the moral support and assistance Mr. Patrick Abass Bukari Awedaga, gave me by accompanying me all the time into the field, sometimes travelling in anxious silence during the night, and being my spokesman to secure the cooperation of community members with respect to administering questionnaire. An Omen/monstrum for Da-oni & Co vi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh To Francis Xavier Naawaakuo and, Irene Ambeng of the Faculty of Applied Sciences of the University for Development Studies I say thank you for assisting in preparing my questionnaire for the test of the research hypotheses and analysing my data. I also owe my deep gratitude and special thanks to Rev. Sisters Albana Yelkedebo and Genevieve Fiiriter (Sisters of Mary Immaculate) for making available to me some of their guest rooms in Mary Immaculate Home, Dzowulo, at greatly subsidized prices, as my temporary place of residence during the entire period of my programme. I also give my special gratitude and profound thanks to my parents (Dr. and Mrs. Yembilah), for making available to me their vehicles, whenever I was to go into the field, to travel across some of the most hostile road terrain in the Northern Region and, encouraging me through prayer and other forms of moral support to enable me finish this thesis.
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