Bibliography
MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
Devonshire Regimental Museum, Exeter
Quarterly Historical Report, 1st Battalion, Devonshire Regiment, Malaya, January-March, 1950.
Imperial War Museum, London
Jeudwine, Lt. Gen. Sir Hugh, private papers, box no. 72/82/2. Montgomery of Alamein, Field Marshal, Viscount Bernard, private papers, BLM 210-12. Patrick, Maj. James, Department of Sound Records, accession no. 9141/4. Percival, Gen. A. E., private papers, AEP 4/1. Strickland, Gen. Sir Peter, private papers, pp. 362-3.
India Office Records, London
LIMILl5: War Diaries of the Burma Revolt, 1930-32. LIMILl17: Military Records, India, Including Operations on the Northwest Frontier and the Moplah Rebellion, 1920-21. LlP&J/611782: Correspondence, Despatches, and Telegrams on the Moplah Rebellion, 1920-21. LIP&J/6/2020: Correspondence, Despatches, and Telegrams on the Burma Revolt, 1930-32. MSS EUR. D. 605: Correspondence of Lord Rawlinson of Trent. MSS EUR. F. 163: Private Papers of Lt. Col. C. E. Bruce. PN 2416: 'Report on the Rebellion in Burma up to 3 May 1931'. V/26/262/3-9: Evidence Taken before the Disorders Inquiry Committee, vol. 3: Amritsar.
National Army Museum, Chelsea, London
Lloyd Owen, David, miscellaneous correspondence, accession no. 8301--6. Lloyd Owen, David, and Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, correspondence with James Lewis Hankins, accession no. 8011-132.
Public Record Office, Kew, London
AIR-2, 5: Air Operations 1921-39. Cabinet 23: Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda, 1919-39.
195 196 Bibliography
Cabinet 128-129: Cabinet Minutes and Memoranda, 1945-56. Colonial Office 537: Original Correspondence for Palestine, 1936-39. Colonial Office 733: Original Correspondence for Palestine, 1945-48. Colonial Office 822: Original Correspondence for Kenya, 1952-56. Colonial Office 904: Colonial Office Papers on Ireland, 1919-21. Colonial Office 926: Original Correspondence for Cyprus, 1952-56. Colonial Office 935: High Commissioner of Palestine's Narrative Despatches, 1937-39. Colonial Office 1022: Original Correspondence for Malaya, 1948-56. War Office 32: General Series Papers. War Office 33: Miscellaneous Reports. War Office 35: Reports on Ireland to 1923. War Office 106: Director of Military Operations and Intelligence Papers. War Office 208: Director of Military Intelligence Papers, 1917-48. War Office 216: Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff Papers. War Office 236: Gen. Sir George Erskine's Papers, 1936-57. War Office 268: Quarterly Historical Reports, Far Eastern Land Forces, 1946-50. War Office 275: Reports of Sixth Airborne Division in Palestine, 1945-48. War Office 276: East Africa Command Papers, 1902-64. War Office 282: Gen. Sir John Dill, General Officer Commanding, Palestine, 1936-37, Papers.
UnpUblished Manuscripts
Deller, William, 'Student Report on United States Army Command and General Staff College Course, 1962-3', personal copy of report submitted to the Ministry of Defence, n.d. Wight, Ian, autobiographical account of military career, n.d.
INTERVIEWS
Burdick, Lt. Col. P., interview with author, 12 June 1987. Clutterbuck, Maj. Gen. Richard, interview with author, 27 May 1987. Deller, Brig. William, interview with author, 9 Aug. 1987. Harding of Petherton, Field Marshal, Viscount John, interview with author, 18 July 1987. Kitson, Gen. Sir Frank, interview with author, 11 June 1987. Mander, Lt. Col. Darcy, interview with author, 4 June 1987. Mans, Maj. Gen. R. N., interview with author, 23 June 1987. Selwyn, John, interview with author, 8 June 1987. Sibbald, Maj. Gen. Peter, interview with author, 28 May 1987. Thompson, Sir Robert, interview with author, 13 June 1987. Tremlett, Col. Edward, interview with author, 12 June 1987. Wight, Brig. Ian, interview with author, 15 June 1987. Bibliography 197
PRINTED SOURCES
Parliamentary Papers
Palestine Royal Commission Report, Cmd. 5479, July 1937. 'Palestine: Statement of Policy', 1939 White Paper, Cmd. 6019, 1939. Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Cmd. 681, 1920.
Official Publications
Beckett, Ian, The Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960: Junior Command and Staff Course (Royal Military Academy Sandhurst: 1986). The Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations in Malaya (Kuala Lampur: 1952). Dill, Gen. Sir John, Notes on the Tactical Lessons of the Palestine Rebellion, 1936 (London: 1937). Duties in Aid of the Civil Power, 1923 (London: 1923). Duties in Aid of the Civil Power, 1937 (London: 1937). Field Service Regulations (London: 1924,1929, 1935). A Handbook of Anti-Mau Mau Operations (Nairobi: 1954). Imperial Policing and Duties in Aid of the Civil Power, 1949 (London: 1949). Keeping the Peace (Duties in Support of the Civil Power) (London: 1957). Keeping the Peace (Duties in Support of the Civil Power) (London: 1963). Manual ofJungle Warfare for Officers ofthe Burma Military Police (Rangoon: 1928). Manual of Military Law (London: 1914, 1929). Notes on Imperial Policing, 1934 (London: 1934). Rowan-Robinson, Maj. Gen. H., Jungle Warfare (London: n.d.). Staff College Counter-Revolutionary Warfare Handbook (Camberley: 1986). Tactics C: Internal Security and Operations in Aid of the Civil Power. Study Manual SN62 H (Camberley: n.d.).
Contemporary Works
Barnett, Donald and Karari Njama, Mau Mau from Within: Autobiography and Analysis of Kenya's Peasant Revolt (New York: 1966). Barry, Tom, Guerrilla Days in Ireland (New York: 1956). '2nd Battalion Notes', Hampshire RegimentalJournal16, (Mar. 1921), no. 3, p.37. Begin, Menachim, The Revolt, trans. by Samuel Katz (New York: 1951). Ben-Gurion, David, 'Britain's Contribution to Arming the Haganah', in W. Khalidi (ed.), From Haven to Conquest: The Origins and Development of the Palestine Problem, 1897-1948 (Beirut: 1971). Bruce, Lt. Col. C. E., Waziristan, 1936-37: The Problems of the Northwest Frontier of India and their Solutions (Aldershot: 1938). 'The Bull' (pseud.), 'Rift Valley Interlude', in Faugh-a-Ballagh: The Regimen• tal Gazette of the Royal Irish Fusiliers, 41 (Mar. 1956), no. 187, pp. 190-5. 198 Bibliography
'The Burmese Rebellion', Journal of the United Services Institute (India) (July 1932), pp. 146-62. The article was bound with several others at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst without any indication of the author or volume number. Callwell, Charles, Small Wars - their Principles and Practice (London: 1903; 1st ed., 1896). Campbell, Arthur, Jungle Green (London: 1953). Cole, D. H. and E. C. Priestly, British Military History, 1660-1936 (London: 1945; 1st ed., 1936). Dayan, Moshe, Moshe Dayan: Story of My Life, an Autobiography (New York: 1976). Denning, Maj. B. C., 'Modem Problems of Guerrilla Warfare', Army Quarterly and Defence Journal, 13 (Jan. 1927), pp. 347-54. 'Editorial', The Bugle: The Journal of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry 43 (Winter 1951), no. 1, p. II. Erskine, Gen. Sir George, 'Kenya - What Is It All About?' Journal of the Royal Artillery 83 (1956), no. 2, pp. 99-116. Fergusson, Bernard, The Trumpet in the Hall: 1930-1958 (London: 1970). Grivas, George, The Memoirs of General Grivas, edited by Charles Foley (New York: 1964). Gwynn, Charles, Imperial Policing (London: 1934). Henderson, Ian, Manhunt in Kenya (New York: 1958). Insall, John A., 'Events Leading to the Assumption of Military Control in Iraq by the Royal Air Force', The Fighting Forces (July 1927), pp. 247- 5I. Keith, Jeffrey, The Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson (London: 1985). Lathbury, Lt. Gen. Sir Gerald, 'The Security Forces in the Kenya Emer• gency', Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry Chronicle (1957), pp.80-92. Letter From an Officer Serving in Ireland to His Mother, Hampshire RegimentalJournal16 (Aug. 1922), no. 8, pp. 136--7. Lowe, Brevet Maj. T. A., 'Some Reflections of a Junior Commander upon "The Campaign" in Ireland, 1920 and 1921', Army Quarterly and Defence Journal 5 (Oct. 1922), pp. 50-8. Lyttelton, Oliver, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos (London: 1962). Mackinnon, Lt. Col. 'The Moplah Rebellion, 1921-23', Army Quarterly and Defence Journal, 7 (Oct. 1923-Jan. 1924), no. 2, pp. 260-77. O'Dwyer, Michael, India as I Knew It (London: 1925). O'Malley, Ernie, On Another Man's Wound (New York: 1961; 1st ed., London: 1936). 'Punitive Demolition of Houses', The Hampshire Regimental Journal 22 (Dec. 1937), no. 12, pp. 383-4. Simson, H., British Rule and Rebellion (London: 1938). Slessor, Sir John, The Central Blue: An Autobiography of Sir John Slessor, Marshal of the RAF(New York: 1957). Slim, Field-Marshal Sir William, Unofficial History (London: 1959). 'Sub-Editorial', The Iron Duke 33 (Apr. 1957), no. 104, pp. 36--7. Bibliography 199
Talbot, Maj. W. E. H., 'The Rebellion in Burma, 1931-32', Annual Journal of the United Services Institute of Nova Scotia, 5 (1932), pp. 74-86. 'The War in Ireland: II - The Fight at Clonmult', Hampshire Regimental Journal 16 (May 1921) no. 5, pp. 80-2. 'The War in Ireland: ill - The Mountaineers', Hampshire Regimental Journal 16 (June 1921) no. 6, pp. 99-102. Wimberley, Capt. Douglas, 'Military Prize Essay, 1933', Army Quarterly and Defence Journal, 26 (July 1933), pp. 209-33.
Modern Works
Alastos, Doros, Cyprus Guerrilla - Grivas, Makarios, and the British (London: 1960). Ash, Bernard, The Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson (London: 1968). Asprey, Robert, War in the Shadows: The Guerrilla in History, 2 vols (New York: 1975). Barker, Dudley, Grivas - Portrait of a Terrorist (London: 1959). Beckett, Ian and John Pimlott (eds) , Armed Forces and Modern Counterinsur• gency (New York: 1985). --, letter to the author, 7 Oct. 1986. Bell, J. Bowyer, The Myth of the Guerrilla: Revolutionary Theory and Malpractice (New York: 1971). Benet, W. and C. Aiken (eds) , An Anthology of Famous English and American Poetry (New York: 1945). Bethel, Nicholas, The Palestine Triangle: The Struggle for the Holy Land, 1935-48 (New York: 1979). Blaufarb, Douglas, The Counterinsurgency Era (New York: 1977). Blaxland, Gregory, The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 1945-1970 (London: 1971). Bowden, Tom, The Breakdown of Public Security: The Case of Ireland, 1916-1921, and Palestine, 1936-1939 (London: 1977). Byford-Jones, W., Grivas and the Story of EOKA (London: 1959). Charters, David, The British Army and the Jewish Insurgency, 1945-47 (London: 1989). Charters, David, 'Special Operations in Counterinsurgency', Journal of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies 124 (June 1979), pp. 5fr 61. Cloake, John, Templer, Tiger of Malaya: The Life of Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer (London: 1985). Clutterbuck, Richard, Riot and Revolution in Singapore and Malaya, 1945- 1963 (London: 1973). Crawshaw, Nancy, The Cyprus Revolt: an Account of the Struggle for Union with Greece (London: 1978). Crozier, Brian, The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections (Boston: 1960). Dowty, Alan, 'The Use of Emergency Powers in Israel', Middle East Review, 21 (Autumn 1988) no. 1, pp. 34-46. 200 Bibliography
Draper, Alfred, Amritsar: The Massacre that Ended the Raj (London: 1981). Dunn, Peter M., 'The American Army: The Vietnam War, 1965--1973', in Ian Beckett (ed.), Armed Forces and Modern Counterinsurgency (New York: 1985), pp. 77-107. Eckstein, Harry (ed.), Internal War: Problems and Approaches (New York: 1964). Elliot-Bateman, Michael, The Fourth Dimension of Warfare, vol. 1, Intelli• gence, Subversion, Resistance (New York: 1970). Fitzpatrick, David, Politics and Irish Life, 1913-1921: Provincial Experience of War and Revolution (New York: 1977). Galula, David, Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice (New York: 1966; 1st ed., 1964). Horne, Alistair, 'The French Army and the Algerian War, 1954-62', in Ronald Haycock (ed.), Regular Armies and Insurgency (London: 1979). Jones, Howard, A New Kind of War: America's Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine (New York: 1989). Jones, Martin, Failure in Palestine: British and United States Policy after the Second World War (New York: 1986). Kalkas, Barbara, 'The Revolt of 1936: A Chronicle of Events', in Ibrahim Abu-Lughod (ed.), The Transformation of Palestine: Essays on the Origin and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Evanston: 1971), pp. 237- 74. Katz, Samuel, Days of Fire (London: 1968). Key, Robert, The Green Flag: A Turbulent History of the Irish National Movement (New York: 1972). Kheng, Cheah Boon, 'Some Aspects of the Malayan Emergency: 1948- 1960', in Khoo Kay Kim (ed.), History of South-East, South, and East Asia: Essays and Documents (London: 1977), pp. 111-20. Kitson, Frank, Bunch of Five (London: 1977). --, Gangs and Counter-gangs (London: 1960). --, Low-Intensity Operations (London: 1971). Komer, R. W., The Malayan Emergency in Retrospect: Organization of a Successful Counterinsurgency (Santa Monica, Cal.: Rand Corp., 1972), Memo. 90406. Lapping, Brian, End of Empire (New York: 1985). Laquer, Walter and Barry Rubin (eds), The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documen• tary History of the Middle East (New York: 1985; 1st ed. 1969). Lyons, F. S. L., Ireland Since the Famine (London: 1971). Majdalany, F., State of Emergency: The Full Story of the Mau Mau (Boston: 1963). Marlowe, John, The Seat of Pilate: An Account of the Palestinian Mandate (London: 1959). Masters, John, Bugles and a Tiger (London: 1986; 1st ed., 1956). Maung, U Maung, From Sangha to Laity: Nationalist Movements in Burma, 1920-1940 (New Delhi: 1980). O'Ballance, Edgar, Malaya: The Communist Insurgent War, 1948-60 (Hamden, Conn., 1966). O'Brien, Connor Cruise, The Siege: The Saga of Israel and Zionism (New York: 1986). Bibliography 201
Osgood, Robert, Limited War: The Challenge to American Strategy (New York: 1957). Paget, Julian, Counter-Insurgency Campaigning (London: 1967). Packenham, Thomas, The Boer War (London: 1979). Pimlott, John, 'The French Army: from Indochina to Chad, 1946-1984', in Ian Beckett (ed.), Armed Forces and Modern Counterinsurgency (New York: 1985), pp. 46-76. Pye, Lucian, Guerrilla Communism in Malaya: Its Social and Political Meaning (Princeton, 1964; 1st ed., 1956). --, 'The Roots of Insurgency and the Commencement of Rebellions', in Harry Eckstein (ed.), Internal War: Problems and Approaches (Westport, Conn.: 1964), pp. 157-79. Rosberg, Jr, Carl G. and John Nottingham, The Myth of 'Mau Mau': Nationalism in Kenya (New York: 1966). Rude, George, Revolutionary Europe, 1783-1815 (London: 1964). Sayigh, Rosemary, Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries (London: 1979). Shipler, David, Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land (New York: 1986). Short, Anthony, The Communist Insurrection in Malaya, 1948-1960 (London: 1975). Sukhbir, Choudhary, The Moplah Uprising (1921-23) (New Delhi: 1977). Sunderland, Riley, Army Operations in Malaya, 1948-1960 (Santa Monica, Cal.: Rand Corp., 1964), Memo. 4170. --, Organizing Counterinsurgency in Malaya, 1948-1960 (Santa Monica, Cal.: Rand Corp., 1964), Memo. 417l. --, Antiguerrilla Intelligence in Malaya, 1948-1960 (Santa Monica, Cal.: Rand Corp., 1964), Memo. 41n --, Resettlement and Food Control in Malaya, 1948-1960 (Santa Monica, Cal.: Rand Corp., 1964), Memo. 4173. Swinson, Arthur, Six Minutes to Sunset: The Story of General Dyer and the Amritsar Massacre (London: 1963). Sykes, Christopher, Crossroads to Israel (New York: 1965). Taber, Robert, The War of the Flea: A Study of Guerrilla Warfare Theory and Practice (New York: 1965). Thompson, Robert, Defeating Communist Insurgency: The Lessons of Malaya and Vietnam (New York: 1966). Thornton, Thomas, 'Terror as a Weapon of Political Agitation', in Harry Eckstein (ed.), Internal War: Problems and Approaches (Westport, Conn.: 1964). Throup, David, Economic and Social Origins of the Mau Mau (Columbus, Ohio: 1988). Townshend, Charles, The British Campaign in Ireland, 1919-1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies (London: 1975). --, Britain's Civil Wars: Counterinsurgency in the Twentieth Century (London: 1986). Tregonning, K. G., A History of Modern Malaya (Singapore: 1964). Tse-Tung, Mao, Selected Military Writings (Peking: 1966; 1st ed., 1963). Verdery, Richard, 'Arab "Disturbances" and the Commissions of Inquiry', in Ibrahim Abu-Lughod (ed.), The Transformation of Palestine: Essays on 202 Bibliography
the Origin and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Evanston: 1971), pp. 275-304. Woodruff, Philip (Philip Mason), The Men who Ruled India, vol. II, The Guardians (London: 1954). Index
(Page numbers in bold print indicate main references)
Aden 15 n.31, 31 Barnes, Sir William Gorrell 129: see also Ad-Husseini, Haj Amin 88 Mau Mau emergency Afghanistan 83 Barry, Tom 11,67,149,176 n.9: see Afxentiou, Gregoris 172: see also also Anglo-Irish War; IRA Cyprus emergency; EOKA Batang Kali massacre 53: see also Aid to the Civil Power 17,24,27, atrocities; Malayan emergency 58 n.22, 71, 92, 147, 152, 154, 181, Begin, Menachim 103: see also Irgun; 182, 184 Jewish insurgency; King David Air Control 27-32, 59 n.55; Hotel blockade 30-1 Ben-Gurion, David 103, 139 n.6: see Algeria 7, 27, 56: see also French Jewish Agency; Jewish insurgency counterinsurgency Bewes, Canon F. C. 47,50: see also Amritsar Massacre 21-5,37,39,40,77, atrocities; Mau Mau emergency 79, 192: see also atrocities; Dyer, Black and Tans 19,44, 66, 108: see also Gen. Reginald Anglo-Irish War; atrocities; RIC Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry Boer War 2, 18-19, 147-8, 150 (Palestine) 104, 108 Briggs, Gen. Harold 115-19, 160, 164, Anglo-Irish War 12, 19-20 184 casualties 56 n.6 Briggs Plan: see Malayan emergency civil-military co-operation 65-76 British Army intelligence 73-6 Cardwell Reforms 146, 176 n.2 operations 149-52 Command and Control 145--6,160, Arab Revolt (1936-39) 26,28,33-6, 166-7,170-1,173-4,178 n.58, 41,57,76,92-5,98 n.67, 100, 101, 181, 187, 189, 193 102,108,110,111,152 general staff 146 civil-military co-operation 92-5, 111 leadership training 189 intelligence 92,93-4,99 n.87, 158 organization 146,176 n.2 operations 33-4 regimental system 175--6 Arabia 30,31 regiments: Devonshire 163,166,171; Arabs 87-9,90,91,92,93,94, 100, Duke of Wellington's 172-3; 101, 102, 103, 110 Essex 151; Green Howards Armitage, Sir Robert 135: see also 148, 163, 165, 166; Gurkhas 21, Cyprus emergency 32,153,157,166; Hampshire 90, Army Quarterly and Defence Journal 150; Kings Own Yorkshire Light 151, 181 Infantry 164; Royal Irish Atrocities 34, 37-40, 43-54, 60 n.60, Fusiliers 169-70; Scots 61 n.95, 62 n.103, 68, 70,138 Guards 53; Sixth Airborne Attlee, Clement 104, 111 161; Suffolk 118, 163, 165, 166, Auxiliaries: see Royal Irish Constabulary 178 n.53 role as imperial police force 146-7, Baghdad Pact 133 152, 173 Balfour, Arthur 103 tactics, counterinsurgency 145-9, Baring, Sir Evelyn 47,48,49, 125, 128, 152, 166, 173-6, 180, 182, 184, 130: see also Kenya, government; 187: see also specific emergencies Mau Mau emergency Bruce, Lt. Col. C. E. 84-7: see also Barker, Gen. Sir Evelyn 42,102,105: hearts-and-minds campaign; see also Jewish insurgency Northwest Frontier
203 204 Index
Burdick, Lt. Col. Paul 170-1: see also Common law, English 18,24,55 Mau Mau emergency Communism 7, 14, 180 Burma Communists 192, 193, 194 Military Police 40,60 n.66, 81-2, 154 Chinese 7 Second World War 160, 171 Greek 51, 133 Burma Revolt (1930-32) 38-40, 52, Malayan 8-9,15 n.23, 55,112-17, 124, 163 119, 122-4, 162, 165, 184 casualties 60 n.66 Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations in civil-military co-operation ~3, 118, Malaya 183-4: see also insurgency 188 doctrine Malayan emergency; intelligence 82, 155-6 counterinsurgency operations 154-6 Cordon-and-search operations 41,42, Burmese Extraordinary Powers 89, 128, 160, 161, 168, 185 Ordinance (1931) 82: see also Counterinsurgency 6-7,14,80,161, Burma Revolt 162, 164, 193 Burnett-Stuart, Maj. Gen. J. 153: see American 55-6, 139 also Madras, Moplah Rebellion British 12-14, 15 n.31, 23, 24, 25-6, 49,50,52,53,54-5,57,63,69,79, Cairo Conference 28: see also air 83,86,87,89,90,92,94,100,101, control 102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115, Callwell, Charles 17,147 117, 119, 122, 126, 131, 134, 135, Campbell, Arthur 118: see also 138-9, 145-6, 147, 151, 156, 160, Malayan emergency 166,167,168,170,171 n.41, 180- Castro, Fidel 7: see also Cuba; 5, 188, 189, 192, 193, 194 insurgency French 56-7,139: see also specific Catling, Sir Richard 140 n.24, 188 emergencies Chetwode, Sir P. W. 72: see also Counterinsurgency doctrine, British Anglo-Irish War 132, 180, 184-9, 189 n.23, 193 Chi Mihn, Ho 7: see also Vietnam Counter-revolutionary warfare: see Chinese, Malayan: see Federation of counterinsurgency Malaya, Chinese Courtney, Sir Christopher 35: see also Churchill, Winston 28, 120, 121, 150 Arab Revolt Civil-military co-operation 13, 63, 69, Creech-Jones, Arthur 105-6 100, 138-9, 145, 149, 180, 182, 183, Cross, H. A. 46-7: see also atrocities; 187, 193: see also specific Mau Mau emergency emergencies Cuba 8: see also Fidel Castro Civil war 3, 13 Cunningham, Gen. Sir Alan 102,105, Clutterbuck, Richard 117,163,176,185 106, 107-8, 109, 110, 121: see also Cole, D. H. 26 Jewish insurgency; Palestine Collective punishment 66-7,90-1, Cyprus 9, 132, 135, 137, 172 95 n.9, 98 n.76, 110, 122, 135-6, government 134,137,138 183, 192 Greeks 125, 132, 133, 137, 138, Collector: see District Magistrate 144 n.125 Collins, Michael 74: see also Anglo• Nicosia 51, 181 Irish War; IRA police 137, 172, 173 Colonial administration 188-9 Turks 132, 138 Colonial police, organization 77, 109, Cyprus emergency 51-2,62 n.1oo, 132- 142 n.85 8, 144 n.125, 184 Colonial wars 17: see also imperial civil-military co-operation policing intelligence 137, 144 n.131, 172 Commandos 194: see also Special Air operations 171-3,179 n.80, Service; special forces 179 n.85: 'Pepperpot' 171-2; Commings, Brig. P. R. C. 81-2, 154- 'Sparrowhawk' 172; 'Snatches' 5, 158: see also Burma Revolt 172-3; Q groups 173 Index 205
David, E B. 129: see also Mau Mau 170,178 n.53: see also Malayan emergency emergency; Kenya emergency Defense of the Realm Act 70, 96 n.22, Framework deployment 75, 164-6 110 Malayan emergency Deller, Brig. William 174,178 n.58: see Fraser, Hugh 120: see also Malayan also Malayan emergency emergency; Palestine Police Dempsey, Gen. Miles 109: see also Frontier Constabulary 33,45, 86: see Je~shinsurgency also Northwest Frontier Denning, Major B. C. 20, 181 Frontier Scouts 86: see also Northwest Detention 114, 128--9, 135, 136: see also Frontier specific emergencies Deverell, Gen. C. 29: see also air Gray, Col. W. 119: see also Malayan control emergency Dill, Gen. John 35,89,94, 158: see also Greece 133, 134 Arab Revolt; Palestine Civil war 51, 55-6 Director of Operations 115, 130, 137, Greenwood, Sir Hammer 65: see also 184 Anglo-Irish War District Magistrate 77,82,85,92,93, Griffiths, Capt. 50: see also Mau Mau 99 n.87, 108, 118, 155, 189 emergency District Officer: see District Magistrate Grivas, George 51, 133-8, 171-2, Dublin Metropolitan Police 70,74: see 179 n.85 also Anglo-Irish War; RIC Cyprus emergency; EOKA Durand Line 83: see also Northwest Guerrilla Warfare 1-2,8,15 n.19, 78, Frontier 83,87, 111-12, 113, 134, 138, 147, Duties in Aid to the Civil Power 181, 180: see also insurgency; 183 counterinsurgency Dyer, Gen. Reginald 21-4,26,65,79, Gurney, Sir Henry 19: see also Malayan 192: see also Amritsar massacre emergency Gwynn, Maj. Gen. Sir Charles 182-3: Egypt 133 see also Imperial Policing Enosis 51,133,137,138: see also Cyprus emergency Haganah 102-3, 104, 105, 106, 139 n.5, EOKA 51,52,134,135,137,138,171, 159, 161: see also Je~sh insurgency 172,173,184: see also Cyprus Haining, Lt. Gen. Robert 159: see also emergency; George Grivas Arab Revolt Erskine, Gen. George 36,49,55, Handbook of Anti-Mau Mau 61 n.88, 121, 130, 131, 143 n.11O, Operations 184: see also 160, 168, 184: see also Mau Mau counterinsurgency doctrine; Mau emergency Mau emergency Hayward, Brian 47-8: see also Mau Farran, Roy 43-4, 146: see also Jewish Mau emergency insurgency; special forces Henderson, Ian 132,143 n.116: see also Fergusson, Bernard 43-4: see also Mau Mau emergency; pseudo-gangs Higher Arab Committee 88, 89 Je~sh insurgency; special forces Ferret forces 162: see also Malayan Hunter Committee 22-3: see also emergency Amritsar massacre Field Intelligence Officers 131-2: see also Mau Mau emergency Imperial policing 18, 63, 100, 173, 180 Field Service Regulations 180: see also Imperial Policing 182-3: see also counterinsurgency doctrine counterinsurgency doctrine Food control 116: see also Malayan Imperial Policing and Duties in Aid to the emergency Civil Power, 1949 25, 183: see also Food denial 117-18,148,153,165,169, counterinsurgency doctrine 206 Index
India 39, 180 government 44, 45, 48, 50, 125, 130, ~adras 26,77,78,80,153,156 142 n.85 ~alabar 26, 78, 152, 156 Highland Board 127 police 37-8, 153, 154 Kikuyu Reserve 36,124,127,128, Punjab 23 138,168 Indochina, French 7,27: see also ~t. Kenya 167, 168 Vietnam Nairobi 38, 68, 124, 126, 128 Innes, Sir Charles 156: see also Burma police 131, 188 Revolt; ~oplah Rebellion prohibited areas 36,124,127,167, Insurgency 1~, 13, 14 n.7, 20, 24, 37, 169 66 White Highlands 124 Insurrection 18,22,23,24 Kenya African Union 125-6 Intelligence 13, 54-5, 63, 69, 100, 118, Kenya Police Reserve 45,46, 188 145, 148, 149, 181, 182, 184, 187, Kenya Regiment 48, 61 n.81 193 Kenyatta, Jomo 125-6: see also Kenya Iraq 27, 30: see also air control African Union; ~au ~au Ireland 40, 45 emergency Cork City 11 Khassadars (native levies) 86: see also Cork County 67,74,149,150,151, Northwest Frontier 156, 180; City 71 Kikuyu 45,47,49,50,55,124,125, Easter Rising 10,70,73 127-8,131,167,170: see also Kenya; Northern 26 ~au ~au emergency Irgun Zvai Leumi 43, 10:>-4, 105, 106, Kikuyu Central Organization 126: see 110, 161: see also Jewish insurgency also ~au ~au emergency Irish Republican Army (IRA) 10-11, Kikuyu Home Guard 45,46,48,131, 19,20,65-70,7:>-4,149-52 168, 170 fiying column 11, 150: see also Anglo• Kimathi, Didan 132, 143 n.116: see also Irish War ~au ~au emergency Irish Republican Brotherhood 11: see King's Regulations 18 also IRA Kipling, Rudyard 17 Irregular warfare: see guerrilla warfare; Kitchener, Herbert 147 colonial wars; insurgency Kitson, Frank 48,132,145,146,167, Israel 192 170,179 n.75, 185, 186, 180 n.17: see also Counterinsurgency Jewish Agency 42, 89, 102-3, 104, 105, Doctrine; ~au ~au emergency 106: see also Haganah; Jewish insurgency; Worldwide Zionist Land and Freedom Army 5, 48, 125: Organisation; Zionism see also ~au ~au Jewish insurgency 41, 100-11, 139 n.7 Lari massacre 48, 126: see also ~au intelligence 109, 111, 140 n.25 ~au emergency King David Hotel, bombing 105 Lathbury, Lt. Gen. Sir Gerald 169: see operations 160-2, 177 n.41: also ~au ~au emergency 'Agatha' 42,43, 105, 109; League of Nations 101 'Shark' 43, 105, 161 Lehi 43, 103, 161: see also Abraham Jews 87-8,90,92,93,101,103,111 Stern; Jewish insurgency immigration into Palestine 87-9,91, Libya 192 92, 101, 106, 109: see also Jewish Lloyd, Sir T. 127: see also ~au ~au insurgency; Palestine emergency Lloyd George, David 152 Lloyd Owen, David 121: see also Kennedy, Pres. John F. 175 ~alayan emergency; Gen. Gerald Kenya 9,25,44,126,135,136,137, Templer 148,167,171,189 Lowe, ~aj. T. A. 151: see also Anglo• Aberdare Forest 36,156,167,168 Irish War Index 207
Lyttelton, Sir Oliver 48, 120: see also intelligence 100, 113, 116, 118, Malayan emergency; Mau Mau 141 n.51, 164" 166, 178 n.49 emergency operations 162-7,178 n.49, 178 n.53: ferret forces 162; police jungle squads MacCurtain, Thomas 11: see also rehabilitation Anglo-Irish War; Cork City, Ireland Malayan Races Liberation Army 8, Macdonald, Malcolm 91, 121: see also 112: see also Malayan emergency Arab Revolt; Malayan emergency Mander, Lt. Col. Darcy 148, 165, 166: MacMichael, Harold 93,95: see also see also Malayan emergency Palestine; Arab Revolt Mans, Maj. Gen. R. B. 56, 165: see Macready, Gen. Sir Nevil 19,20,71, also Malayan emergency 72: see also Anglo-Irish War Manual of Military Law 11,22: see also Majdalany, Fred 124: see also Mau Mau common law; minimum force emergency Martial Law 22,58 n.14, 70, 72, 79-80, Makarios, Archbishop 133, 135, 137, 81,89,94, 110, 149, 182 138, 173: see also Cyprus emergency Statutory 90, 94-5, 110 Malaya, Federation of 116, 128, 151, Masters, John 32, 157: see also British 154 Army; Northwest Frontier aborigines 8, 118 Mau Mau 44-.51,125-32,167, 168, 169, Chinese 8, 55, 112, 114, 116, 130, 170 142; subsistence farmers Oathing 126,128,142 n.86, 170: see ('squatters') 8-9, 112, 114, 115- also Land and Freedom Army; 16, 170 Mau Mau emergency civil service 87, 185 Mau Mau emergency 44-.51,61 n.94, geography 8 61 n.95, 124-32, 172, 184, 185, 188 government 113, 120, 121, 183 civil-military co-operation 130-1 independence 9, 113 detention 128 Johore 54, 113 food denial 169, 170 Kachau, Selangor 54 intelligence 131-2, 179 n.75 Malays 112 operations 167-71; 'Anvil' 168; police 113, 118-20 'First Flute' 169; forest population 8, 112 companies 170; 'Hammer' resources 112 168-9; tracker/combat teams Tanjong Malim 122 170 Malayan Emergency 9-10,36,37,52- rehabilitation 129 5,62 n.103, 63-4, 69, 75, 78, 83, 87, villigization 129-30, 170 111-24, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136, Minimum force 13, 18,23,24,25-7, 142 n.80, 153, 160, 170, 184, 185, 28,34,35,37,40,41,49,50,54-7, 186, 188, 192 63,70, 145, 159, 180, 181, 182, 186, Briggs plan 115-19,121,164: District 187: see also common law War Executive Committees Moffat, County Inspector 108-9: see 118, 121; Federation Executive also Jewish insurgency; Palestine Council 118; food control 116; police; Sir Charles Wickham food denial 117-18, 148, 153, Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard 165,166,178 n.53; 'new 26,42,57,102,107-8,160-1:see villages' 9, 115-16, 119, 122; also Arab Revolt; Jewish relocation 115, 119, 130, insurgency; Palestine 141 n.46, 165, 186; State War Moplah Rebellion 26-7,37-8,59 n.59, Executive Committees 118, 121 60 n.6O, 83, 97 n.44 civil-military co-operation 112-13, casualties 60 n.61 117-18, 120 civil-military co-operation 78-80 detention 114 intelligence 78-9, 153-4 home guards 118 operations 152-4, 156 208 Index
Moreton, J. 127, 128: see also Mau Jewish insurgency: Special Mau emergency Operations Executive Moyne, Lord 103: see also Jewish Partisans: see guerrilla warfare insurgency Patrick, J. 114,167: see also Malayan emergency NATO 133,134 Peel Lord 89-90: see also Arab Revolt; Njama, Karari 48: see also Land and Palestine; Royal Commission Freedom Army; Mau Mau Peirse, Air Vice-Marshal R. E. 35, 89, emergency 92, 94, 157-8: see also air control; Northwest Frontier, India 30,32,33, Arab Revolt 38,45,54,83-7,118 Percival, A. E. 68,72,151,180: see Baluchistan 85 also Anglo-Irish War; Frontier Constabulary 86 counterinsurgency doctrine Frontier Scouts 86 Peshawar riots 36, 38, 180: see also Khassadars (native levies) 86 minimum force Mashuds 84 Ping, Chen 162: see also Malayan operations 156-7: Faquir of Ipi Communists War 87 Propaganda 3,20,21,27,29-30,37, Pathans 32, 157 38,53,63,68-9,82,111,127,134, Tirah 85 138: see also subversion Waziristan 84, 85, 156 Pseudo-gangs 48, 132, 167, 170, 173: Notes on Imperial Policing, 1934 24-5, see also Frank Kitson; Mau Mau 33,41,148,182,183 emergency Notrim (Jewish settlement police) 102- Pye, Lucian 123: see also 3, 109: see also Arab Revolt; counterinsurgency; insurgency; fIaganah;Jewishinsurgency; Malayan emergency Palestine police Quteibi Tribe 31-2: see also air control O'Dwyer, Sir Michael 26: see also Amritsar massacre; Moplah Rawlinson, Lord 29,79,84: see also air Rebellion control; Moplah Rebellion O'Malley, Ernie 19: see also Anglo• Rebellion 26: see also insurgency; Irish War; IRA insurrection; riot; common law Osgood, Robert 56: see also American Rehabilitation 193: see also Cyprus counterinsurgency emergency; detention; Malayan emergency; Mau Mau emergency Paget, Julian 185: see also Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 13: counterinsurgency doctrine see also Anglo-Irish War Palestine 12,34,41,52,88,91,94,107, Revolution 2: see also insurgency; 110, 133, 136, 140, 140 n.32, 146, insurrection; rebellion 149, 157, 160, 162, 168 Riding, B. 134: see also Mau Mau British Mandate 88, 89, 92, 98 n.68, emergency 101, 102, 109, 110, 132, 138, Riot 18, 23, 24: see also insurgency; 140 n.32 insurrection, rebellion fIaifa 104, 105, 106, 159 Ritchie, Gen. Sir Neil 113--14, 162: see Jerusalem 105 also Malayan emergency Police 41-3,92,93,94, 108-9, 119, Rowlat Acts 21: see also Amritsar 188: Mobile Force 44, 108, 188 massacre Ramat fIacovesh 41-2 Royal Air Force (RAF) 27,29,30,32, Tel Aviv 42,43, 104, 105, 160, 161, 35, 36, 92, 157, 169: see also air 168, 181 control Palestine (Defence) Order in Council Royal Commission, Palestine (1937) 1937 90,94,99 n.87, 110 89: see also Arab Revolt; Jewish Palmach 103, 106: see also fIaganah, immigration; Palestine; Lord Peel Index 209
Royal Irish Constabulary 19,67,68, Templer, Gen. Sir Gerald 64,120-4, 70-1,73,74, 188 144 n.123, 160, 167, 176, 188: see Special Auxiliary Division 19,66,70, also Malayan emergency 71-2: see also Anglo-Irish War Terrorism 4-6, 138, 192: see also Royal Marines 53 guerrilla warfare; insurgency Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Thompson, Sir Robert 121, 185-{i: see 146, 175, 189, 190 n.14, 190 n.17 also counterinsurgency doctrine; curriculum 184-5: see also British Malayan emergency; Vietnam Army; counterinsurgency Tito, Marshal 2,55: Greece, civil war; doctrine guerrilla warfare; insurgency; Rubowitz, Alexander 43: see also Roy Yugoslavia Farran; Jewish insurgency; Lehi Transjordan 34 Trainor, Mr Justice 52: see also Cyprus Sandeman, Sir Robert 85: see also emergency Northwest Frontier, Baluchistan; Tremlett, Col. Edward 148: see also hearts and minds Mau Mau emergency Selwyn, John 59 n.46: see also Truman, Pres. Harry 106, 111: see also Northwest Frontier Constabulary Jewish insurgency Simson, H. J. 26: see also minimum Tse-Tung, Mao 7,8,64,74,112,114: force; British counterinsurgency see also insurgency Sinn Fein 10,65,68,71: see also Anglo- Tudor, Maj. Gen. Sir Hugh 19,20,71, Irish War; IRA 72: see also Anglo-Irish War; RIC Slim, Field Marshal Sir William 22 Turkey 133, 134, 138: see also Baghdad South Africa 192 Pact; Cyprus Emergency Special Air Service 54, 118, 146: see also Malayan emergency; special United Kingdom forces government: Air Ministry 29; Special forces 146 Cabinet 20, 35, 36, 50, 53, 72- Special night squads 34, 43, 102, 146, 3,91,104,111; Colonial Office 159: see also Arab Revolt; Orde 25,44,45,47,48,50,107,108, Wingate 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135; Special Operations Executive 103: see War Office 20,28,71,76,93, also Palmach; special forces 107,130,160,180 Staff College, British 180, 182, 185, 187, society 175 190 n.21: see also British Army; United Nations 108, 110: see also counterinsurgency doctrine Jewish insurgency; Palestine State of Siege 56: see also common law; United States insurrection, martial law; riot Army: command and control 174-5; Stem, Abraham 103: see also Lehi; Command and General Staff Jewish insurgency College 174; counterinsurgency Stem Gang: see Lehi tactics 174, 179 n.86 Strategic Hamlets 9: see also Malayan House of Representatives 20 emergency, Briggs plan: 'new Society 175 villages'; Vietnam U Saw 39: see also Burma Revolt Strickland, Gen. Sir Peter 65,66,67, 68, 72-3: see also Anglo-Irish War; Viet Cong 56 Cork, Ireland Vietnam 8,9,27,56,145,146,185,186 Subversion 3, 113, 186: see also Volunteers, Irish 11, 15 n.27: see also insurgency; propaganda Anglo-Irish War; IRA; Ireland, Easter Rising Tan, Sir Cheng-Lock 122: see also Federation of Malaya, Chinese; Wauchope, Sir Arthur 88-9, 93, 110, Malayan emergency 121: see also Arab Revolt; Palestine 210 Index
Wavell, Field Marshal Lord 189: see Wingate,Orde 34,43, 102, 146, 159: also British Army, leadership see also Arab Revolt; special night training squads Weizmann, Chaim 102, 139 n.6: see World Wide Zionist Organization 102: also Jewish Agency; Jewish see also Jewish Agency; Jewish insurgency; Zionism immigration; Jewish insurgency White paper, Palestine (1939) 91,100, 101: see also Arab Revolt; Jewish immigration; Jewish insurgency; Young, Arthur 120: see also Federation Malcolm Macdonald of Malaya, police; Malayan Wickham, Sir Charles 108-9: see also emergency Jewish insurgency; Palestine police Yugoslavia 55: see also insurgency; Wight, Brig. Ian 163, 165, 166, Marshal Tito 178 n.58, 188: see also Malayan emergency Wilson, Sir Henry 65,72: see also Zionism 87,88,89,92,100-2,106,111, Anglo-Irish War 139 n.6: see also Jewish Agency; Wimberley, Capt. Douglas 180: see also Jewish immigration, Jewish counterinsurgency doctrine insurgency; Palestine