DOCSLIB.ORG

Wezimann Magazine Fall 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wezimann Magazine Fall 2019 WEIZMANN MAGAZINE FALL 2019 No. 16 • Fall 2019 TheWe i z m a n n International magazine of science and people VOLUME 16 70 Seven decades of discovery From the President Dear Friends, This issue of Weizmann Magazine represents the WEIZMANN MILESTONES WEIZMANN very best that the Weizmann Institute of Science has to offer: stories about brilliant new scientists, surprising and important discoveries, lively profiles of our alumni and supporters, and windows into areas of science where Weizmann is playing a world-leading role. In the next issue, you’ll be greeted by Prof. Alon Chen, the newly elected President. In my 13-year tenure at the helm of Institute, I’ve taken great pleasure in bringing you the best news from our beautiful, thriving campus and its state-of-the art laboratories. Great science may indeed change the world, but no one will know it—or benefit from it—unless the word gets out. Storytelling about science is also an essential component of science education and literacy. I want to thank all of our readers—our friends around the world—for taking the time to learn about Weizmann science and finding ways to advance Credits it. In doing so, you become Weizmann ambassadors, A publication of the Department of Resource Development telling and retelling a truly thrilling tale and ensuring the future of science in Israel. Thank you for Editorial Staff your partnership. Prof. Israel Bar-Joseph, Vice President for Resource With all best wishes, Development and Public Affairs ¶ Kelly Avidan, Director, Department of Resource Development ¶ Tamar Morad, Head, Donor Communications ¶ Heidi Shulman, Publications and Video Production Coordinator Prof. Daniel Zajfman Writing and Production Staff President, Weizmann Institute of Science Sandy Cash, Dinah Elashvili, Tali Galsky, Yarden Jaron, Anne Sperling, Sharon Reinheimer, Sharon Shaniv, Edward Truitt Illustration Tal Bavli-Ziv Graphic Design Alexey Kletsel, Netgo Ltd. Photography and renderings Ryan Blau, PBL Photography ¶ Itai Belson, Ohad Herches of the Weizmann Institute Photo Lab ¶ CERN ¶ Scott Chimileski ¶ Grainge Photography ¶ Axel Griesch ¶ K-PTURE ¶ Knafo Klimor Architects ¶ Liora Visit us: Kogan ¶ Yael Ilan ¶ Michael Polsky ¶ Tal Sardenayoff www.weizmann.ac.il/WeizmannCompass ¶ Andrea Carolina Romero Triguero ¶ Weizmann Institute Photo Archives מכון ויצמן למדע FALL 2019 We i z m a n n MAGAZINE Table of Contents New Scientists Spotlight On Art & Science 12 Brain power: Introducing 34 Lighting the way: the 35 Taking a break Dr. Takashi Kawashima Beck family’s indelible with the greatest impact on campus minds in physics Science Briefs Special Section Education 2 Weizmann ranked #2 globally, 28 Passing the torch: Weizmann 56 Making the garden grow: EMET Prize, and much more... leadership changes hands A remodeling of the Clore Garden of Science New Scientists Science Features 10 Science and technology meet 14 Eyes on the sky: ULTRASAT will Profile of a Pair engineering: Introducing shed light on the cosmos 58 Fast friends: Eden and Steven Prof. Yonina Eldar 36 A potent future for stem cells Romick, and Prof. Ido Amit Spotlight On 40 Bridging the discovery gap: A new Alumni 18 Brazil in bloom: Mario Fleck tech transfer program shepherds 60 Digitizing blood: Sarah Levy and the blossoming of research to the marketplace Schreier infuses artificial Weizmann’s friends in Brazil intelligence into blood testing Weizmann World Cover Story 50 Committee news, campus In Memoriam 24 The Weizmann Institute turns 70 events, and more… 62 The Hon. Sir David Sieff, Prof. Yaron Silberberg, Andrea Klepetar Fallek WEIZMANN MILESTONES מכון ויצמן למדע We i z m a n n MAGAZINE Science Briefs Weizmann ranked #2 in the world Ranking prioritizes quality, raising the profile WEIZMANN MILESTONES WEIZMANN of small but serious institutions he Weizmann Institute ranked second among global institutions in an assessment based T on journal article quality, published by Nature, 1934 reinforcing its reputation as a Establishment of the Daniel compact but powerful purveyor Sieff Research Institute of scientific knowledge. The prestigious British journal recently released a new “normalized” ranking alongside its annual top 100 Nature Index, which draws on a more traditional metric known as the fractional count (FC), which measures all contributions an institution has made to papers in select leading publications. Revealing a very different set of academic frontrunners, the new normalized ranking takes into account the number of high-quality articles published as a proportion of an institution’s overall output in the natural sciences. In doing so, the ranking is able to compare institutions of varying sizes on the same basis, and in doing so, reflects both the prolific and high-quality nature of a small institution like Weizmann. “The inclusion this year of a normalized ranking alongside the standard Nature Index annual tables is especially interesting because the ranking draws to light some smaller institutes that are proportionally outstripping research powerhouses and would otherwise remain buried much lower down in the standard rankings,” says David Swinbanks, founder of Nature Index. “The smallest institutions in the top 10 have some common features: ambition, as #2 disclosed by mission statements about striving to be the best in the world, interdisciplinarity, with the strong embrace of collaboration across fields, and in several cases, the backing of Nobel laureates.” globally In the normalized ranking, the Weizmann Institute placed behind only Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Immediately behind the Weizmann Institute was the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, which was co-founded by Prof. Haim Harari, them follow their curiosity,” says Weizmann Institute former President of the Weizmann Institute, on the President Prof. Daniel Zajfman. “Interdisciplinarity basis of the Weizmann model. and collaboration across fields and across countries are simply part of our DNA, and we are proud of “We have known for a long time that size is irrelevant that fact. The Nature Index normalized ranking truly when it comes to excellence in science. For the showcases the quality of top research, showing Weizmann Institute of Science, striving to be the best you don’t have to be big to be on the cutting edge of involves attracting the best scientists and letting global science.” מכון ויצמן למדע FALL 2019 We i z m a n n MAGAZINE Science Briefs 2–3 EMET Prize to Weizmann scientists he prestigious EMET g Prof. Yair Reisner Prize for 2019, T conferred in Israel by the A.M.N. into accepting transplants it would Foundation, was otherwise reject, and preventing the awarded to two bone marrow cells from attacking the Weizmann patient. Institute scientists, Prof. Schwartz was recognized for Prof. Yair her achievements in introducing the Reisner of the pivotal role of the crosstalk between Department of the brain and the immune system Immunology and its impact on aging, Alzheimer’s and Prof. Michal disease and age-related Schwartz of dementia. She is renowned the Department for her revolutionary of Neurobiology. contributions to brain research, pioneering Prof. Reisner was the role of the recognized for his development immune system in of strategies for overcoming maintaining the immune barriers in bone brain’s health, and marrow transplantation for the helping mitigate treatment of leukemia and other its dysfunction. cancers, and he has recently suggested novel sources of Her pioneering #2 research in progenitor cells to treat lung diseases. He spent decades neuroimmunology investigating numerous aspects has overturned the of transplantation immunology, and long-held belief that in particular, developing approaches the brain is completely globally to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) isolated from the immune in ‘bubble’ children and patients with system by the blood- hematological malignancies for whom no brain barrier. matched donor is available. He is professor g Prof. Michal Schwartz emeritus at the Weizmann Institute and currently The revolutionary findings by runs an active lab at MD Anderson Cancer Center Prof. Schwartz, showing that the in Houston, Texas. immune system is a major player in the functioning of the healthy brain, in the healing In a series of advances over the years, Prof. Reisner process within the brain, and in brain diseases, provided the medical community with novel insights have far-reaching implications for understanding enabling BMT across major genetic barriers— the mystery brain aging, mental dysfunction, and essentially finding ways to trick the immune system neurodegenerative conditions. WEIZMANN MILESTONES מכון ויצמן למדע We i z m a n n MAGAZINE Science Briefs WEIZMANN MILESTONES WEIZMANN 1949 Establishment of the Weizmann Institute of Science The science of memory Dr. Yaniv Ziv receives the 2019 Adelis Brain Research Award he 2019 Adelis Brain Research Award for to the field through the development of new outstanding achievements by a young Israeli experimental methods to observe large populations T investigator was recently presented to Dr. Yaniv of neurons in the brains of live mice over the course Ziv of the Weizmann Institute’s Department of weeks and months. Moreover, his optical imaging of Neurobiology. approach—involving fluorescent microscopes that can be mounted on the heads of freely moving The award was established in 2015 by the late mice—has been adopted and is now widely used by André Cohen Deloro and his Adelis Foundation to other researchers to study the brain. support
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Land of Israel Symbolizes a Union Between the Most Modern Civilization and a Most Antique Culture. It Is the Place Where
    The Land of Israel symbolizes a union between the most modern civilization and a most antique culture. It is the place where intellect and vision, matter and spirit meet. Erich Mendelsohn The Weizmann Institute of Science is one of Research by Institute scientists has led to the develop- the world’s leading multidisciplinary basic research ment and production of Israel’s first ethical (original) drug; institutions in the natural and exact sciences. The the solving of three-dimensional structures of a number of Institute’s five faculties – Mathematics and Computer biological molecules, including one that plays a key role in Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology Alzheimer’s disease; inventions in the field of optics that – are home to 2,600 scientists, graduate students, have become the basis of virtual head displays for pilots researchers and administrative staff. and surgeons; the discovery and identification of genes that are involved in various diseases; advanced techniques The Daniel Sieff Research Institute, as the Weizmann for transplanting tissues; and the creation of a nanobiologi- Institute was originally called, was founded in 1934 by cal computer that may, in the future, be able to act directly Israel and Rebecca Sieff of the U.K., in memory of their inside the body to identify disease and eliminate it. son. The driving force behind its establishment was the Institute’s first president, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, a Today, the Institute is a leading force in advancing sci- noted chemist who headed the Zionist movement for ence education in all parts of society. Programs offered years and later became the first president of Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • MS 170 Papers of Leonard J.Stein, 1868-1972
    1 MS 170 Papers of Leonard J.Stein, 1868-1972 Leonard Jacques Stein (1887-1973) was educated at St. Paul's School and Balliol College, Oxford. He was President of the Oxford Union Society in 1910 and he was called to the bar of Inner Temple in 1912. Stein served in the army 1914-20, working for the Palestine Military Administration and on the political staff, EEF, 1918-20. He was political secretary of the World Zionist Organisation, 1920- 9; honorary legal advisor of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, 1929-39; president of the Anglo-Jewish Association, 1939-49; and chairman of ICA. He was awarded an OBE in 1953. * * * * * The archive has been divided into a number of different sections: General papers, which includes personal and family papers L Letters: non family correspondence W Letters relating to the edition of the Weizmann letters D Diaries P Photographs POL Politics AJA Anglo-Jewish Association M Middle East F Family trees/genealogy 2 MS 170 AJ 244 Papers of Leonard Jacques Stein General papers 1 Certificate of Leonard Stein's examination place from St. Linden's 1894 College 2 Report of Leonard Stein's midsummer examination results from St. 1897 Charles' College 3 Report of Leonard Stein's midsummer examination results from St. 1898 Charles' College 4 Letters and writings from Leonard Stein to his parents and uncle c.1896-1905 Jack 5 Printed list of laws of the St. Paul's School Union Society 1904 6 Printed plan of work for the upper eighth form of St. Paul's School 1904 Newspaper cutting relating to St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structure of Quarks and Leptons
    The Structure of Quarks and Leptons They have been , considered the elementary particles ofmatter, but instead they may consist of still smaller entities confjned within a volume less than a thousandth the size of a proton by Haim Harari n the past 100 years the search for the the quark model that brought relief. In imagination: they suggest a way of I ultimate constituents of matter has the initial formulation of the model all building a complex world out of a few penetrated four layers of structure. hadrons could be explained as combina­ simple parts. All matter has been shown to consist of tions of just three kinds of quarks. atoms. The atom itself has been found Now it is the quarks and leptons Any theory of the elementary particles to have a dense nucleus surrounded by a themselves whose proliferation is begin­ fl. of matter must also take into ac­ cloud of electrons. The nucleus in turn ning to stir interest in the possibility of a count the forces that act between them has been broken down into its compo­ simpler-scheme. Whereas the original and the laws of nature that govern the nent protons and neutrons. More recent­ model had three quarks, there are now forces. Little would be gained in simpli­ ly it has become apparent that the pro­ thought to be at least 18, as well as six fying the spectrum of particles if the ton and the neutron are also composite leptons and a dozen other particles that number of forces and laws were thereby particles; they are made up of the small­ act as carriers of forces.
    [Show full text]
  • A Computational and Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Cryptic Unstable Transcripts in Yeast
    A Computational and Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Cryptic Unstable Transcripts in Yeast By Jessica M. Vera B.S. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology 2015 This thesis entitled: A Computational and Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Cryptic Unstable Transcripts in Yeast written by Jessica M. Vera has been approved for the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Tom Blumenthal Robin Dowell Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline iii Vera, Jessica M. (Ph.D., Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology) A Computational and Evolutionary Approach to Understanding Cryptic Unstable Transcripts in Yeast Thesis Directed by Robin Dowell Cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are a largely unexplored class of nuclear exosome degraded, non-coding RNAs in budding yeast. It is highly debated whether CUT transcription has a functional role in the cell or whether CUTs represent noise in the yeast transcriptome. I sought to ascertain the extent of conserved CUT expression across a variety of Saccharomyces yeast strains to further understand and characterize the nature of CUT expression. To this end I designed a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to analyze strand-specific RNA sequencing data from nuclear exosome rrp6Δ mutants to identify and compare CUTs in four different yeast strains: S288c, Σ1278b, JAY291 (S.cerevisiae) and N17 (S.paradoxus).
    [Show full text]
  • EMBO Encounters Issue43.Pdf
    WINTER 2019/2020 ISSUE 43 Nine group leaders selected Meet the first EMBO Global Investigators PAGE 6 Accelerating scientific publishing EMBO publishing costs Review Commons Making our journals’ platform announced finances public PAGE 3 PAGES 10 – 11 Welcome, Young Investigators! Contract replaces stipend Marking ten years 27 group leaders join the programme EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowships EMBO Molecular Medicine receive an update celebrates anniversary PAGES 4 – 5 PAGE 7 PAGE 13 www.embo.org TABLE OF CONTENTS EMBO NEWS EMBO news Review Commons: accelerating publishing Page 3 EMBO Molecular Medicine turns ten © Marietta Schupp, EMBL Photolab Marietta Schupp, © Page 13 Editorial MBO was founded by scientists for Introducing 27 new Young Investigators scientists. This philosophy remains at Pages 4-5 Ethe heart of our organization until today. EMBO Members are vital in the running of our Meet the first EMBO Global programmes and activities: they screen appli- Accelerating scientific publishing 17 journals on board Investigators cations, interview candidates, decide on fund- Review Commons will manage the transfer of ing, and provide strategic direction. On pages EMBO and ASAPbio announced pre-journal portable review platform the manuscript, reviews, and responses to affili- Page 6 8-9 four members describe why they chose to ate journals. A consortium of seventeen journals New members meet in Heidelberg dedicate their time to an EMBO Committee across six publishers (see box) have joined the Fellowships: from stipends to contracts Pages 14 – 15 and what they took away from the experience. n December 2019, EMBO, in partnership with decide to submit their work to a journal, it will project by committing to use the Review Commons Page 7 When EMBO was created, the focus lay ASAPbio, launched Review Commons, a multi- allow editors to make efficient editorial decisions referee reports for their independent editorial deci- specifically on fostering cross-border inter- Ipublisher partnership which aims to stream- based on existing referee comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Cv from Public Relations
    PROF. RUTH ARNON Formerly Vice-President of the Weizmann Institute of Science (1988-1997), is a world renowned Immunologist. Prof. Arnon joined the Weizmann Institute in 1960. Prior to her appointment as Vice-President, she served as Head of the Department of Chemical Immunology, and as Dean of the Faculty of Biology. From 1985 to 1994, she was the Director of the Institute's MacArthur Center for Molecular Biology of Tropical Diseases. Prof. Arnon has made significant contributions to the fields of vaccine development, cancer research and to the study of parasitic diseases. Along with Prof. Michael Sela, she developed Copaxone® a drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and is presently marketed in the USA, Canada the EU, Australia and many other countries worldwide. Prof. Arnon is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences, and was the Chairperson of its Sciences division from 1995-2001 and was later elected as The Academy's Vice President. On the world scene, she is an elected member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). She has served as President of the European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS), and as Secretary-General of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), and is presently a member of the European Union Research Advisory Board (EURAB) and served as the Senior Vice-President of the Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia (AASA). In 2004 Prof. Arnon served as the President of the Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia (AASA). Her awards include the Robert Koch Prize in Medical Sciences, Spain's Jiminez Diaz Memorial Prize, France's Legion of Honor, the Hadassah World Organization's Women of Distinction Award, the Wolf Prize for Medicine, the Rothschild Prize for Biology and the Israel Prize; Tel-Hai; Honorary doctorate from the University of the Negev, Ben- Gurion.
    [Show full text]
  • Longevity Industry in Israel LANDSCAPE OVERVIEW
    Longevity Industry in Israel LANDSCAPE OVERVIEW SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGIES, COMPANIES, INVESTORS, TRENDS Longevity Industry in Israel Landscape Overview 2018 Mind Map Longevity Industry in Israel 3 Executive Summary 6 Chapter I: Israel Longevity Industry Landscape Overview 18 Сhapter II: History of Geroscience in Israel 37 Chapter III: Current State of Longevity in Israel 42 Chapter IV: Israeli Longevity Alliance (ISRLA)/VETEK 58 Chapter V: Top Universities Focusing on Longevity 61 Chapter VI: Media and Conferences 70 Chapter VII: The Policy Landscape of Longevity in Israel 76 Chapter VIII: Global Landscape Overviews from our previous reports 84 Chapter IX: The Economics of Longevity in Israel 109 APPENDIX/ PROFILES 10 Israel Longevity R&D Centers 128 10 Israel Longevity Non-Profit Organizations 141 10 Israel Longevity Conferences 154 60 Israel Longevity Influencers 167 160 Companies: Longevity in Israel 230 180 Investors: Longevity in Israel 393 Disclaimer 577 Longevity Companies - 160 Industry in Israel Personalized Investors - 180 Medicine Non-Profits - 10 Landscape 2019 R&D Centers - 10 Progressive Wellness Investors Companies Non-Profits R&D Centers Preventive Medicine AgeTech LONGEVITY Regenerative INTERNATIONAL Medicine Longevity Industry in Israel 2019 - 160 COMPANIES Drug Development Progressive wellness Gene therapies AgeTech Neurotech Others Progressive R&D Implant & Prosthetics Cell therapy Diagnostic Executive Summary Executive Summary 6 BIRAX Aging: Leapfrogging Population Ageing & Establishing A Strong Longevity Industry & R&D Landscape One of the most significant developments to occur in the Israel Longevity Industry in the past year is the formation of the BIRAX Partnership on Aging. The Britain Israel Research and Academic Exchange Partnership (BIRAX) is a multi-million pound initiative launched by the British Council, the Pears Foundation and the British Embassy in Israel, supported by both the Israeli and British Ministries of Science, to invest in research initiatives jointly undertaken by scientists in Britain and Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel Prize
    Year Winner Discipline 1953 Gedaliah Alon Jewish studies 1953 Haim Hazaz literature 1953 Ya'akov Cohen literature 1953 Dina Feitelson-Schur education 1953 Mark Dvorzhetski social science 1953 Lipman Heilprin medical science 1953 Zeev Ben-Zvi sculpture 1953 Shimshon Amitsur exact sciences 1953 Jacob Levitzki exact sciences 1954 Moshe Zvi Segal Jewish studies 1954 Schmuel Hugo Bergmann humanities 1954 David Shimoni literature 1954 Shmuel Yosef Agnon literature 1954 Arthur Biram education 1954 Gad Tedeschi jurisprudence 1954 Franz Ollendorff exact sciences 1954 Michael Zohary life sciences 1954 Shimon Fritz Bodenheimer agriculture 1955 Ödön Pártos music 1955 Ephraim Urbach Jewish studies 1955 Isaac Heinemann Jewish studies 1955 Zalman Shneur literature 1955 Yitzhak Lamdan literature 1955 Michael Fekete exact sciences 1955 Israel Reichart life sciences 1955 Yaakov Ben-Tor life sciences 1955 Akiva Vroman life sciences 1955 Benjamin Shapira medical science 1955 Sara Hestrin-Lerner medical science 1955 Netanel Hochberg agriculture 1956 Zahara Schatz painting and sculpture 1956 Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai Jewish studies 1956 Yigael Yadin Jewish studies 1956 Yehezkel Abramsky Rabbinical literature 1956 Gershon Shufman literature 1956 Miriam Yalan-Shteklis children's literature 1956 Nechama Leibowitz education 1956 Yaakov Talmon social sciences 1956 Avraham HaLevi Frankel exact sciences 1956 Manfred Aschner life sciences 1956 Haim Ernst Wertheimer medicine 1957 Hanna Rovina theatre 1957 Haim Shirman Jewish studies 1957 Yohanan Levi humanities 1957 Yaakov
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Einstein - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 27
    Albert Einstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 27 Albert Einstein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Albert Einstein ( /ælbərt a nsta n/; Albert Einstein German: [albt a nʃta n] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics.[2] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". [3] The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He Albert Einstein in 1921 realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his Born 14 March 1879 subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, a paper on the general theory of relativity. He German Empire continued to deal with problems of statistical Died mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his 18 April 1955 (aged 76) explanations of particle theory and the motion of Princeton, New Jersey, United States molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties Residence Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory States of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a Ethnicity Jewish [4] whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Braided Fermions from Hurwitz Algebras
    Braided fermions from Hurwitz algebras Niels G Gresnigt Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Department of Mathematical Sciences. 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Some curious structural similarities between a recent braid- and Hurwitz algebraic description of the unbroken internal symmetries for a single generations of Standard Model fermions were recently identified. The non-trivial braid groups that can be represented using c the four normed division algebras are B2 and B3, exactly those required to represent a single generation of fermions in terms of simple three strand ribbon braids. These braided fermion states can be identified with the basis states of the minimal left ideals of the Clifford algebra C`(6), generated from the nested left actions of the complex octonions C ⊗ O on itself. That is, the ribbon spectrum can be related to octonion algebras. Some speculative ideas relating to ongoing research that attempts to construct a unified theory based on braid groups and Hurwitz algebras are discussed. 1. Introduction Leptons and quarks are identified with representations of the gauge group U(1)Y × SU(2)L × SU(3)C in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Despite its success in accurately describing and predicting experimental observations, this gauge group lacks a theoretical basis. Why has Nature chosen these gauge groups from an infinite set of Lie groups, and why do only some representations correspond to physical states? A second shortcoming of the SM is the lack of gravity, or equivalently, its unification with General Relativity (GR).
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS Haim Harari Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel and Stanford Linear Accele
    THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF e+e- RESULTS Haim Harari Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University Stanford, California, U.S.A. Summary First Generation Fermions: Are quarks and leptons Recent experimental results and theoretical ideas pointlike? Do quarks come in three colors? Do they related to e+e- scattering are reviewed. have the "usual" charges of i and - j-? Second Generation Fermions: Is the right-handed muon 1. INTRODUCTION: A Long List of Answerable Questions in an SU(2) x U(l) singlet? Is the cs current a V-A The study of electron-positron collisions has current? What is the cc potential? Where are the gradually become the most productive experimental pseudoscalar charmonium states? Do semileptonic D-decays method of uncovering new particles and new phenomena. proceed mainly to strange particles, as predicted by Beginning with the "November revolution" of 1974 and GIM? What are the features of nonleptonic D-decays? continuing at an incredibly rapid pace since that What are the properties of F+, A+ , L etc? time, the 1JJ family, the T-lepton, the D+ and DO, c c Third Generation Fermions: Does the top quark exist, various D*'s and possibly F+ were discovered in e+e­ and if so, what is its mass? Do B-mesons and T-mesons collisions, while the T-states, the charmed baryons as exist? Are the charged currents involving t and b, well as quark jets and now gluon jets have been studied. left-handed? What are the values of the generalized Our present theoretical picture of the fundamental Cabibbo angles 8 ,8 and the Kobayashi-Maskawa phase particles and their interactions is very compact.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Bipartite Network Community Detection: Development and Survey of Algorithmic and Stochastic Block Model Based Methods Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0tr9j01r Author Sun, Yidan Publication Date 2021 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Bipartite Network Community Detection: Development and Survey of Algorithmic and Stochastic Block Model Based Methods A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics by Yidan Sun 2021 © Copyright by Yidan Sun 2021 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Bipartite Network Community Detection: Development and Survey of Algorithmic and Stochastic Block Model Based Methods by Yidan Sun Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics University of California, Los Angeles, 2021 Professor Jingyi Li, Chair In a bipartite network, nodes are divided into two types, and edges are only allowed to connect nodes of different types. Bipartite network clustering problems aim to identify node groups with more edges between themselves and fewer edges to the rest of the network. The approaches for community detection in the bipartite network can roughly be classified into algorithmic and model-based methods. The algorithmic methods solve the problem either by greedy searches in a heuristic way or optimizing based on some criteria over all possible partitions. The model-based methods fit a generative model to the observed data and study the model in a statistically principled way. In this dissertation, we mainly focus on bipartite clustering under two scenarios: incorporation of node covariates and detection of mixed membership communities.
    [Show full text]