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1462 Element of Month Beryllium BS All About Elements: Beryllium 1 Boreal’s All About Elements Series Fun Facts Building Real-World Connections to About… 4 the Building Blocks of Chemistry Beryllium PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1. Prior to being named beryllium, this element GROUP 1/IA 18/VIIIA 1 2 was known as glucinium, which originated H KEY He from the Greek word glykys, meaning sweet. Atomic Number 1.01 2/IIA 35 13/IIIA 14/IVA 15/VA 16/VIA 17/VIIA 4.00 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Symbol It was so named due to it characteristic Li Be Br B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.01 79.90 Atomic Weight 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 sweet taste. Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 8 9 10 22.99 24.31 3/IIIB 4/IVB 5/VB 6/VIB 7/VIIB VIIIBVIII 11/IB 12/IIB 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Be K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 2. Emerald, morganite and aquamarine are 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.41 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.9678.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 precious forms of beryl. Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97.91)(98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29 55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 3. Beryllium is resistant to concentrated 9.012 ´ 132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20207.2 208.98 (208.98)(209) (209.99)(210) (222.02)(222) 87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 nitric acid. Fr Ra AcAc-Lr - Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo ´´ (223.02)(223) (226.03)(226) (261.11)(261) (262.11)(262) (266.12)(266) (264.12)(264) (277.00)(277) (268.14)(268) (247.07)(269) (280.00)(272) (285.00)(285) (284.00)(284) (289.00)(289) (288.00)(288) (293.00)(289) (294.00) (294.00)(294) ´ 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 4. Where beryllium is rather transparent to x-rays, this element and its compounds are highly La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (144.91)(145) 150.36 151.97151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97 US: www.wardsci.com reflective to infrared light. Canada: www.wardsci.ca ´´ 800-962-2660 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 © 2010 Rev. 7/15 Ward’s Science. All Rights Reserved. No portion of this work may be reproduced in any form Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr or by any means without express prior written permission from Ward’s Science. (227.03)(227) 232.04232.04 231.04 238.03 (237.05)(237) (244.06)(244) (243.06)(243) (247.07)(247) (247.07)(247) (251.08)(251) (252.08)(252) (257.10)(257) (258.10)(258) (259.10)(259) (262.11)(262) US: www.scholarchemistry.com Canada: www.scholarchemistry.ca NOTES: Black — solid Red — gas Blue — liquid — synthetically prepared 866-260-0501 © Copyright 2010 ScholAR Chemistry. All Rights Reserved. Values provided are based on the 85th edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Some values have been rounded. BASICNo portion PERIODIC of this work TABLE may be reproduced- SIDE 1 (Rev.in any form7/15) or by any means without express prior written permission from ScholAR Chemistry. 5. Between 1998 and 2000 beryllium-aluminum-alloy pistons were used in the McLaren Formula Catalog #9630200 One racecar used by Mercedes-Benz. The periodic table of elements is an essential part of any chemistry classroom or science lab, but have you ever stopped to wonder about all of the amazing ways each element is used to create the world around us? Each of the trillions of substances in our universe can be tied back to just these 118 simple, yet powerful elements. All About In our All About Elements series, we’ve brought together the most fascinating Beryllium: facts and figures about your favorite elements so students can explore their properties and uses in the real world and you can create chemistry connections Beryllium is the fourth element on the Periodic Table of Elements, found in group 2 (2A), with atomic number of 4, in your classroom and beyond. and symbol Be. Beryllium contains two valence electrons, with a configuration of 1s22s2, making it an alkaline earth metal. Interestingly, beryllium is unlike other alkaline earth Look for a new featured element each month, plus metals in that it does not form ions. The result of this is all limited-time savings on select hands-on materials beryllium compounds are covalent compounds rather than ionic compounds. Beryllium is denser than water, with a to incorporate these element in your lessons. density of 1.85 g/cm3. In its pure elemental form it is a shiny- gray metal that is relatively brittle at room temperature. It is estimated that the crustal abundance of beryllium on Earth is only 2.8 mg/kg, mainly concentrated in soils, however beryllium is found in over 100 mineral species, includ- ing bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compound today. In fact, the name of beryllium originated from beryllos, which is the Greek name for the mineral beryl. Prior to being named beryllium however, this element was Check back often at boreal.com/elements for the latest content and known as glucinium, which originated from the Greek word glykys, meaning sweet. It was so named due exclusive savings on new teaching tools each month. to its characteristic sweet taste. Early chemists actually tasted the unknown element in order to determine its taste. However, the chemists who discovered this unique property of beryllium also found that it is in fact highly toxic and should therefore NEVER be tasted! boreal.com | 800-387-9393 2 3 di(2-diethylhexyl) phosphate in kerosene at elevated temperatures. The beryllium is then treated with Properties of Beryllium aqueous ammonium carbonate to form an aqueous ammonium beryllium carbonate complex, which is then heated to precipitate beryllium carbonate. Continued heating liberates carbon dioxide and beryllium Beryllium has both stable and unstable hydroxide (Be(OH)2). Beryllium hydroxide is then recovered by filtration and is the main compound used in isotopes, which are all created in stars. the production of beryllium metal, beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide. Radioisotopes of beryllium are very short lived however, some with half lives as In order to produce pure beryllium metal, the beryllium hydroxide is first converted into beryllium fluoride or short at 7 x 10-17 seconds (8Be) and 2.7 x beryllium chloride. To form beryllium fluoride, beryllium hydroxide has aqueous ammonium hydrogen fluo- 10-21 s (13Be). The most common stable ride added to it to yield ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate. This precipitate is then heated to 1000°C which yields isotope of beryllium was created in the beryllium fluoride. Using heat again at 900°C with magnesium, results in finely divided beryllium and contin- interstellar medium when cosmic rays ued heating up to 1300°C results in the compact metal. Conversely, simply heating the beryllium hydroxide induced fission in heavier elements will result in the oxide form of beryllium, which can easily become beryllium chloride when combined with found specifically in interstellar gas and carbon and chlorine. Electrolysis is then performed in order to obtain the pure metal. Only a few hundred tons dusts. There is only one stable isotope of metallic beryllium is produced each year. of beryllium, 9Be, and therefore it is a monoisotopic element. The isotope 10Be A) View NW across Death Valley showing the location of the shore- The majority of the beryllium that is produced is actually used to produce “beryllium copper” alloy, which con- is a radioactive isotope of beryllium that line from where 10Be TCN samples were collected. B) Surface of tains up to 3 percent beryllium by weight and is remarkably flexible, elastic, and hard wearing. Many products accumulates in the earth’s soil, where it the shoreline that was sampled. C) Views of several of the sampled are made from this versatile alloy such as springs, and even tools. Mixing 2% beryllium with 98% copper pro- enjoys a long half life of 1.36 million years.
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