sign in sign up
<<
Home , Edward Mezvinsky, Gene Snyder (baseball), The Watermen, Ultimate Blue, Wayne Knight

October 2, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31517 Wagner, Louise Wagner, Tracy Wagner, County, Fla., relative to the printing o! bal­ H.R. 8603 Gwendolyn Wagner, Leslie Wagner, and David lots in foreign languages; to the Committee By Mr. COHEN: Wagner; to the Committee on the Judiciary. on House Admlnistration. Page 23, line 16, strike out the quotation By Mr. D'AMOURS: 244. Also, petition of the board o! county mark and the period lmmedia.tely after the H.R. 10000. A blll for the relief of Albert commissioners, Collier County, Fla., relative quotation mark. J. Dunbrack; to the Committee on the Ju­ to allowing residents to remain in the Big Page 23, immediately after line 16, insert diciary. Cypress purchase area; to the Committee on the following: By Mr. DAN DANIEL: Interior and Insular Affairs. "(e) In the administration of this section, H.R. 10001. A bill for the relief of John W. 245. Also, petition of the board of county any organization or association- Wilson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. commissioners, Collier County, Fla., relative " ( 1) which ls not organized for profit a.nd to foreign assistance; to the Committee on none of the net income of which Inures to International Relations. the benefit of any private stockholder or PETITIONS, ETC. individual; and Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions "(2) which is engaged 1n the harvesting ot AMENDMENTS marine resources; and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk shall be considered an agricultural organi­ and referred as follows: Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ zation or association for purposes of former 243. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the posed amendments were submitted as section 4358(j) (2) and former section 4554 board of county commissioners, Collier follows: (b) (1) (B) of this title.".

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AN ORDERLY PROCESS FOR RAIL clearly a Government-subsidized mo­ ber of Congress from the Northeast and REORGANIZATION nopoly. If we follow present procedures, Midwest is willing to let this plan go into Congress will have no idea which of effect until there is some real predicta­ these two greatly divergent plans will bility about what is going to happen to HON. MARVIN L. ESCH come !nto being, because the Chessie is those rail lines which the USRA felt OF MICWGAN not required to make its decision on were nonessential. A good number of us IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES whether to acquire the bankrupt lines believe that many of those lines are, in which are vital to the plan until 30 days Thursday, October 2, 1975 fact, essential and I, for one, am not will­ after the FSP is scheduled to go into ing to see the FSP go into effect while Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, the Nation effect. they are left hanging. The shippers and has embarked on the most m·assive in­ Many of us are greatly concerned the communities have a right to some dustrial reorganization in history with about the question of branch line aban­ predictability as to their future trans­ the reorganization of the bankrupt donments. In Michigan, for example, portation service. railroads of the Northeast and Midwest. the FSP calls for the State to lose more Not only would automatic approval of The reorganization will affect thousands than : ,100 miles of railroad line. This the FSP leave unresolved the key ques­ of industries and shippers; it will have is a serious matter for Michigan; other tions of whether or not there will be a a significant impact on the growth pat­ States are similarly concerned. There competitive rail system in the Northeast terns of communities and industries; it are at least a dozen different major pro­ and how branch lines will be treated, but will determine whether thousands of posals pending before the Commerce we are also totally in the dark as to the individuals will have jobs; it will shape Committee on the branch line abandon­ whole financial base of this incredibly the transpartation system of this area ment question. Further there are dozens complex reorganization. The USRA has for the next decade and beyond. of other sensitive, and explosive rail made recommendations for additional In short, Mr. Speaker, the reorgani­ issues involved in the final system plan. funds; Chairman ROONEY and ranking zation of the bankrupt railroads of the Even if the House were to stick to the minority member SKUBITZ have come Northea&t and Midwest is one of the optimistic schedule now outlined by the forward with a somewhat different plan major questions which will be decided Commerce Committee which would which may not be acceptable to the by the Congress over the next few bring legislation to the floor in early administration; on the Senate side they months. Yet the procedures under November, it is absolutely clear that are working with several varying con­ which we will consider this reorganiza­ the Senate will not meet the same ac­ cepts; the financial community has cast tion are establlshed in such a way as to celerated schedule. The Senate Sub­ serious doubts on the USRA figures; the make rational consideration of the committee on Transpartation of the railroad creditors claim the Government problem almost impossible. Senate Commerce Committee has has vastly undervalued the property and When we approved the Regional Rall scheduled hearings to begin October 21 will sue regardless of what Congress does; Reorganization Act of 1973-RRRA­ on a yet unwritten omnibus rail pro­ the Chessie and other acquiring railroads Congress intended for the U.S. Railway posal. It is literally impossible for the are demanding deficiency judgment pro­ Association to present to us a final plan Senate subcommittee to finish its own tection written into law if they are t.o on which we could then make a final markup, obtain full committee approval make the enormous investment in new determination as to whether it was ap­ and fioor consideration by mid-Novem­ lines called for in the FSP. propriate. However, because of the am­ ber. Then, remember, a House-Senate Billions of dollars are at stake. biguous nature of the final system plan conference coinmittee must meet and As I indicated while discussing the which the USRA sent to the Congress decide many extremely controversial branch line question-there simply is not we will not, in fact, know what kind of issues and the President must sign the one chance in a thousand that these a rail system we are going to get until entire package into law. extremely complex financial questions after the FSP has been approved. While all of us believe that there will will be settled prior to mid-November. Under present law, the Congress must be some compromise on the question of Mr. Speaker, if we are to be completely reject the final system plan by mid­ abandonments which will allow for a honest about this rail reorganization, we November or it automatically goes into system of Government subsidies, the will have to admit that it is probable that effect. The FSP, however, is not one facts are that we simply will not know the system which we create will be a con­ plan-but two options which are radi­ the size, shape, and scope of the pro­ stant drain on the Federal Treasury for cally different in concept. The preferred gram-or whether, in fact, there will be the forseeable future. I, for one, want to plan-ConRail/ Chessie-is based on the a program-by the date the FSP is made know just what the :financial structure is acquisition of major portions of the bank­ effective. I am not willing to let hundreds going to be-and what the future llability rupt railroads by the Chessie System. The of Michigan communities, and hundreds of the Government is likely to amount fall-back plan-Unified Conrail-is a of Michigan shippers, and thousands of to-before I am willing to allow the plan massive noncompetitive. Government­ Michigan workers take a chance on the t.o go into effect. :financed railroad which would absorb all adoption of the FSP before I know what The problems and complications of the the bankrupts in the area being reorga­ the implementing legislation is going to final system plan and the rail crisis nized under the RRRA. One plan calls for be in vital areas such as abandonment which is facing the Congress must be a system of competition; the other ts policy. I cannot believe that any Mem- addressed. The primary problem now is 31518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 1975 that the whole decision is scheduled to to take action on this question prior to tended hospital care will increase to $26 take place before we know what we are the date of decision. If it has not com­ daily, from the present $23, and for ex­ deciding on. This 'is absolutely absurd. pleted action, I believe it would be per­ tended nursing home care, the out-of­ I am therefore introducing legisla.tion fectly proper for the profitable railroads pocket cost will increase to $13 daily, today which would straighten out the to make their certification contingent from the present $11.50. procedure under which this rail reor­ upon the subsequent passage of defi­ Mr. Speaker, I can no longer wait and ganization will be approved by Congress. ciency judgment legislation. hope for committee action to alleviate This bill is neutral as to whether the fi­ Once the Chessie and other railroads the heavy burden of medical costs on the nal system plan is ultimately accepted have made their decision, the nature of elderly who are struggling to ·exist on or rejected. It is designed to assure that competition in the Northeast will be­ low and fixed incomes. These latest in­ the issue will be decided in an orderiy .come clear. We will know, when we creases, loaded on top of the already in­ process which will recognize that the :must make a decision on the final sys­ adequate payments under part B of med­ final decision cannot be made until the ·tem plan 30 days later, whether there icare, are just too much. I am therefore key rail issues have been resolved. is to be a competitive, at least partially introducing today legislation to freeze My bill will amend the language of •private system, or whether we are facing all out-of-pocket costs for hospitaliza­ the Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 to ·a massive, unified ConRail that is, for tion and nursing home care covered by provide that the decision of the Congress all intents and purposes, the beginning medicare at their present 1975 levels. on the acceptance or rejection of the of a nationalized rail system. My bill will buy time for the elderly, pro­ final system plan will take place 120 Mr. Speaker, I feel very strongly that vide them with protection against fur­ legislative days following its submission the Congress should not make this in­ ther financial burdens, while the House to us. This will add 2 months to the time credibly important decision until all the Ways and Means Committee's Subcom­ we have to consider this extremely com­ factors are fully understood. I believe my mittee on Health completes its hear­ plex issue. During that time, if present bill will provide an orderly procedure ings and makes Iegislative recommenda­ schedules are adhered to-and there is which will allow us to make the decision tions for the revision of medicare. I have every reason to believe that the Com­ in the most rational manner. already expressed to the subcommittee merce Committee is intent on moving I am aware, Mr. Speaker, that there my strong concern over the gap between this legislation just as speedily as it can are forces within the administration and what the Congress intended medicare responsibly do so-implementing amend­ the USRA which will strongly oppose to do, and what it is actually doing. My ments to the RRRA will have been con­ this bill. They favor letting the final bill will prevent a.ny further widening sidered by both the House and the Sen­ system plan slip silently into effect with­ of that gap, and I sincerely hope that the ate and will have been signed into law. out an up-or-down vote by the Con­ final result of the committee's delibera­ I am confident that, at the end of that gress. They hope to let it slide into being tions will be restoration of medicare period of time, we will know what de­ before the Congress has had a chance benefits to the level which the Congress cision has been made with regard to to work its will. They hope to free them­ intended. branchline abandonments-we will know selves of congressional oversight of the Following is the text of my bill: what future financial commitments have plan and the future of America's rail­ H.R. 9985 been made-and we can make a rational roads. A bill to amend pa1·t A of title XVIII of decision on the future of transportation I strongly believe that the Congress the Social Security Act to freeze the in­ in the Northeast. must be an integral part of this ex­ patient hospital deductible under the My bill will also amend the Regional tremely important decision and I believe medicare program at its 1975 level Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 to re­ the procedure which I have outlined will Be it enacted by the Senate and House quire that profitable railroads certify provide the means for us to exert our of Representatives of the United States of their decision as to whether to purchase America in Congress assembled, That the portions of the bankrupt lines 90 calen­ will in a logical and orderly way. second sentence of section 1813(b) (2) of the dar days after the submission of the fi­ Mr. Speaker, I will soon be circulating Social Security Act is amended by inserting nal system plan. This is, in fact, precisely this bill to other Members of Congress before the period at the end thereof the for their cosponsorship. Whatever your following: "; except that the inpatient hos­ the period of time during which they views on the final system plan itself, I pital deductible which is applicable in the must make their decision under the pres­ invite you to join with me in working to case of any spell of illness beginning in or ent law. However, under my amendment, after the calendar . year 1976 (as promul­ this date would fall prior to, rather than see that the way it is adopted is a rea­ gated under the preceding sentence) shall following, the final decision on accep­ sonable one. not exceed the inpatient hospital deductible tance or rejection of the entire final sys­ (as so promulgated) which was applicable tem plan. In light of the radical differ­ in the case of spells of illness beginning dur­ ence which these decisions will make on ing the calendar year ·1975". FREEZING MEDICARE COSTS SEC. 2. Notwithstanding any other provi­ the future of rail transportation in the sion of law, the determination and promul­ region, it seems essential that we know gation required. to be made during the calen­ whether the profitable railroads are go­ HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG dar year 1975 by the first sentence of section ing to extend their operations into the 1813(b) (2) of the Social security Act shall region. The entire nature of competition OF FLORmA be made (taking into account the amend­ in the region depends on the decision of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment made by the first section of this Act) the Chessie; the Southern Railroad has Thursday, October 2, 1975 during the 30-day period immediately follow­ indicated serious reservations about the ing the date of the enactment of this Act; Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, and the determination and promulgation so purchase of lines which will provide serv­ older Americans covered by medicare made shall constitute the determination and ice in the entire Delmarva region; the have been buffeted with increasing fre­ promulgation required by such sentence. Grand Trunk Western and the Detroit, quency of late by inflationary increases Toledo & Ironton are considering acqui­ sitions which will make a major differ­ in health care costs. As I noted in my re­ INTRODUCTION OF THE LOCAL RAIL ence to the future of rail service in marks earlier this wee~ the so-called SERVICES AMENDMENTS OF 1975 Michigan. allowable charges paid by medicare are I am aware that these railroads are further and further ifrom what these greatly concerned about the question of charges are in reality, and the di1Ierence HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III deficiency judgments against them if comes out of the pockets of the elderly. OF PENNSYLVANIA Adding insult to injury, the Social Se­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the creditors of the previous bankrupt curity Administration now plans to in­ railroads do not feel that they have been crease the out-of-pocket hospitalization Thursday, October 2, 1975 adequately compensated. I believe that costs for the elderly by 13 percent on Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, during pub­ the Congress will have made a decision January 1 next year. lic hearings on the proposed restruc­ with regard to this question prior to the Under the new Social Security Admin­ tured rail system in the Northeast and date when certification will be required. istration proposal, medicare clients will Midwest, the issue that generated the While one cannot bind the Congress to have to pay the first $104 of their hos­ most concern surrounded the methods a schedule by legislation, it is clearly the pital bill after January 1, up from the used by the U.S. Railway Association for intention of the Commerce Committee present $92. In addition, costs for ex- determining lines to be abandoned. Octobe1 .. 2, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 81519 The final system plan developed by Service will be provided for a 2-year in­ the threat of Communist subversion and USRA recommends that we abandon terim period under a 90-percent Federal- the need for the United States to be able 7,000 miles of track, including 1,200 miles 10-percent State/user subsidy. During to make immediate response to any kind in my State of Pennsylvania alone. Since this 2-year period the Rail Service Plan­ of threat to our canal. this matter is extremely important to ning Office would c,onduct a study of each A local commentator, Mr. Paul Chiera, many communities and users of rail such local service lines and would report recalls the 1967 controversy in a recent service, it is essential that a means be its conclusions and recommendations to newspaper column in the Southwest Vir­ devised to reverse exclusion decisions ConRail. ginia Enterprise for September 25. Its which later are found to be incorrect. If In addition, my legislation provides for text follows: the final system plan were to be imple­ the analysis and possible return to serv­ FORD DOES A COMPLETE ABOUT FACE-Now mented in its present form the scheduled ice of those lines out of service upon WANTS To GIVE AWAY PANAMA CANAL abandonments could result in the clos·· the ·effective date of the final system plan President Ford, while House minority lead­ ing of factories, the dismption of small or which were out of service as a result of er on July 7, 1967, after reading the text of communities across Pennsylvania and a natural disaster. One such example is the Johnson Administration's "new Panama throughout the Northeast and Midwest, a rail line running from York, Pa., to canal defense treaty" (obtained by the and the loss of many thousands of jobs. Cockeysville, Md., which was severely Chicago Tribune in Panama, while it was still under secrecy wraps) declared its terms That is why I am today introducing damaged by Hurricane Agnes and is cur­ "shocking" and that they would "weaken the Local Rail Service Amendments of rently out of service. Available data in­ U.S. control." Ford then stated that the 1975. I believe this legislation offers an dicates that this line would be profitable American people would be shocked when they attractive alternative to the imminent if it were operated. However, USRA did learned the terms of the proposed settlement abandonment of lines designated as ex­ not analyze the line. and he also expressed concern about a com­ cess by USRA. Mr. Speaker, enactment of my bill munist threat to the canal under lessened Local branch line service has a direct would allow us the time we need to as­ American authority. Minority Leader Ford continued his scath­ affect on individual rail users and often semble the best available data on these ing denunciation of President Johnson's is the lifeline of a community or indus­ lines and enhance the chances of creat­ proposed treaties by saying, "With Cuba un­ try. However, these light density lines ing a successful rail network in the der control of the Soviet Union via Castro an can also constitute a serious drain on Northeast and Midwest. At the end of the increased communist subversion in Latin the limited financial resources of a rail­ first 2 years of study, ConRall would America, a communist threat to the canal is road. submit to the Congress a local service a real danger." He added: "Certainly Con­ Therefore, in considering the final plan designating which studied lines gress has the responsibllity to get more in­ system plan we must strike a very deli­ should be retained in its system and formation than has been ma.de available so far before accepting the Johnson Adminis­ cate balance on the question of light which should either be abandoned or tration-sponsored treattee." density lines. Overburdening ConRail made available for subsidy under a Fed­ Referring to a specific section of the de­ with an abundance of unprofitable local eral-State 70/30 matching grant. This fense treaty that provided for United States­ service lines may lead to the collapse of latter subsidy would be available for an Panama consultation before the United ConRail and the rail network in the additional 3 years, without any need to States could move into certain sections of Northeast and Midwest. Yet, in all fair­ increase the present $180 million au­ the Canal Zone for defense puropses, Ford ness, we must take into consideration thorization subsidy money available un­ said: der the Regional Rall Reorganization "Any action on our part to meet a threat each case where USRA methodology has involving the national security of the United. been attacked as inadequate and where Act. States should not be hamstrung by the need USRA's decision is being contested by According to the Rail Service Planning for time consuming consultation With a gov­ an affected State. We must have the Office, the total estimated subsidy pay­ ernment that might be reluctant to cooper­ benefit of the best available data before ment required to operate all lines ana­ ate in the defense, or possibly be in opposi­ we take the very serious step of abandon­ lyzed by USRA, but no. recommended for tion to our best interests." ing lines, especially those borderline inclusion in ConRall, has been computed One week later on July 15, 1967, the Chicago cases where a mistake in methodology at $35.4 million for 2 years, exclusive of Tribune published the complete text of three proposed treaties With Pa.nama. which In­ could result in the permanent loss of a rehabllitation costs. volved serious imdermlning of the existing profitable line. For example, there is a I believe that this proposal is a fair sovereign rights of the United States over the 10-mile stretch of Reading line in Bucks and reasonable approach to the light Canal Zone and canal itself, the publication and Montgomery County in Pennsyl­ density line question and I am hopeful of which caused such indignant furor vania, which serves six major shippers that with the support of my colleagues throughout the United States that President and employs 2,000 people. If this line this legislation will be given immediate Johnson never submitted the proposed were abandoned as called for in the final consideration. treaties to the senate for confirmation. system plan, two plants would close and Only eight years have elapsed since Ford, a Republican, denounced treaties negotiated by four others would move, costing 1,764 Johnson, a Democrat. Now, as President, Ford employees their jobs. In another case is negotiating, through his Secretary of State the proposed abandonment of 16.5 miles FORD ABOUT FACE ON PANAMA with his announced approval, new treaties of the Penn Central line between Read­ With Panama, containing surrender terms ing and Hamburg, Pa., would cause the far more drastic and detrimental to the vital closing of four plants and the loss of 500 HON. GENE SNYDER interests of the United States than those jobs. OF KENTUCKY which were contained in the Johnson-nego­ These are just two examples of 29 tiated treaties. This for the reason that com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munism is much more rampant in Panama lines in Pennsylvania which the Penn­ Thursday, October 2, 1975 sylvania Department of Transportation today with serious infiltration into the rev­ Mr. olutionary government of usurper-dictator has found to be viable under a more com­ Mr. SNYDER. Speaker, the State Omar Torrijos, who never ceases to black­ prehensive analysis. While I am not in Department's avowed int.ention to give mail the United States and to issue threats a position to pass judgment on which up the Panama Canal and the Canal of sabotage and violence against our United methods are the most reliable, I strongly Zone has sparked much public debate. States-owned Canal Zone involving serious believe that this reasonable doubt war­ However, this is just the latest episode danger to om· people residing there. rants further study of those lines being in the controversy. Upon the disclosure of the actually pro­ contested. our President, who today seems to be posed provisions of the Ford-negotiated The legislation I introduce today will backing the State Department, in 1967 treaties With Panama, it should be obvious was vociferously on the other side of the that the hue and cry of our people against have the effect of placing a 2-year mora­ them will be at lea.st as vociferous as they torium on the discontinuance of con­ argument. When President Lyndon B. were against the Johnson proposed treaties tested lines. Under my bill, local service Johnson's administration proposed an in 1967. But our people need not wait for lines, which the USRA has designated as earlier giveaway, and the Chicago Trib­ that for they have enough Informa­ excess in the final system plan, will be une published the text of the still secret tion now to voice their opposition to the operated by ConRall or another carrier treaty, Mr. Ford as minority leader, spoke President and to their representatives In Con­ to be designated in the final system plan. out at once against it, warning againsii gress. 31520. ,,_ EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS , .•;•\ October 2, 1975 SMITH ISLAND, MD.-PEACE Crisfield, Md., on the eastern shore of the peake for weeks at a time 1n search of. oyster AND "PEELERS" 12 miles away. And many of the beds. islanders stm tanc with an elegant. gllc:Ung But there are compensations. "Here, rn be accent said by some experts to hark back to worktng for myself and Uvtng With my own HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Elizabethan English: tt ts nearly unlntelllgt· people. says one waterman. ••1 guess I Just ble to the outsider. OJ' KABYLAND like the way of life too much to leave. The modern world hasn't entirely passed AUSTERE WAY OF LIFE m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Smith Island by. In 1941 a radiotelephone It's a quiet, austere way of. life. Liquor Thursday. October 2, 1975 system was installed to provide communica­ tions with the outside world. In 1947 the Isn't sold on the lsland, mainly for religious Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Wall Rural Electrification Admf.n1strat1on provided reasons. and the main event on the social Street Journal recently included. an tunds to build an electrical generator. And calendar ls the July "camp meeting, a week­ article on Smith Island, a unique com­ cars are barged in, though they are usually long religious revival and family reunion for second-hand. There ls only a mile or two of. which even Smith Island expatriates return. munity out in the Chesapeake Bay which Someone tried to start a makeshift movie I have the honor to represent in the road on the island, so cars are prized mainly for their motors, which watermen (the local theater In the mid-1960s, but ft soon closed Congress. The article tells about the iso­ term for fishermen) use to power their boat down. "Some people thought it created too lation and independence, the austere, yet winches. much noise and confusion," says one matron rewarding life, which has kept these 750 Smith Islanders are offended by sugges­ approvingly. !People and their ancestors on Smith tions they are backward. "We've got TV and The church is the focal point of most com­ Island for generations. refrigerators just like anyone else." says Alice munity activity (there is much social pres­ Middleton, a retired school teacher. "The sure to attend church, some islanders con­ I believe that, for an outsider, Journal fide.) The church bulletin serves as a sort Staff Writer Thomas J. Bray has caught dentist comes once a month from the main­ of. island newspaper and street lighting is the flavor of the island fairly well. My land-I wish you could see the air-condi­ tioned office we provide for him-and our paid for out of. church funds. Important colleagues will be interested in learn.Ing volunteer fire department has several nice community issues usually are thrashed out .about this community, and can gain looking pieces of equipment. And we have a at church meetings. "Whenever I want some­ some insight.s into the independence nurse who's as good as any doctor.'' thing for the medical clinic, r Just stand which characterizes not only Smith up in church and say what r think r need, NEAT FRAME HOUSES says Mrs. Becker, the nurse. "Pretty soon, Islanders but people throughout Mary­ Still. Smith Island offers an interesting somebody will show up to do repairs or bring land's First District. For those who en­ contrast to the normal hurly-burly of. Amer­ me the supplies I've asked for." joy unusual places, a visit to Smith Island ican life. As Mrs. Middleton puts it, "I ca.me One issue being hotly debated 1s whether 1s certainly worthwhile. here 60 years ago and decided to stay, be­ to encourage the tourist trade, as has Tan­ The article follows: cause I liked what I didn't see:• gier Island, a s1milarly isolated spot on the [From the Wall Street Journal, Oct. 1, 1975] Smith Island actually is composed of three south of Smith Island. (Tangier was bought communities. Two. Ewell and Rhodes Point, by John Crockett and his four sons in 1666 PEACE AND 'PEELERs,' PLUS LoTS OF EvANSES, are Joined by a dirt road across a marsh. The from the Indians for two overcoats; now it ON lsLB CALLED SMITH third, Tylerton, can be reached only by has a population of. about 850, half of them (By Thomas J. Bray) water. named Crockett.) SMrrH ISLAND, MD.-Frank Dize deftly Neat white frame houses, many of them TOURISTS NOT WANTED maneuvers his 50-foot fish.1ng boat "Island bordered by colorful flower gardens, line the In favor are such entrepreneurs as Mr. Belle" alongside a rickety crab shanty on village lanes. There are only a handful of. Tyler, the school-boat owner, who would like an inlet of this tiny Chesapeake Bay island. commercial establishments, including two to expand his ferrying business in the sum­ A deckhand Jumps off the boat, picks up small general stores owned by two different mer months. "How do you like the island? a large insulated box packed with "peel­ branches of. the Evans family. The only place Do you think the tourist business could ever ers"-recently molted, or soft-shell crabs that to stay ls in the home of. Francis Kitching be big here?" he asks a visitor. But many are considered a delicacy hereabouts-and in Ewell, where $15 (cash only) fetches a islanders are opposed to tourists because hoists it aboard. The crabs are destined for back bedroom with a fan, a sumptuous din­ they fear the changes that an influx of. out­ market on the mainland after similar pick­ ner of. crabcakes and a bedside copy of. "Grit,.. siders might bring. "rt would ruin this ups at the dozen or so other island shanties a weekly newspaper published in Pennsyl­ place," says Mrs. Becker. Add.s a store owner, lin1ng the inlet. For the crew, it's a familiar vania that tends to favor goocl news "The tourists we get over here now routine requiring few words. The early Marriages between cousins have been so don't spend any money, so what's the morning calm ls broken only by the cry of frequent over the centuries that questions point?" gulls and a deckhouse radio playing reli- about family trees draw shrugs. "We just try Smith Islanders uniformly resent outside gious folk music. . to keep track of first cousins," says one young interference in their affairs. A Washington "I'd say the crab catch ls only about half bachelor. As a result of this close breeding, decision in the 1950s to declare a large sec­ last year's," says Mr. Dize in a nu-e conver­ islanders have a tendency to diabetes and tion of. marshland on the north point of the sational burst. "Crabs come and go. Don't obesity. island a wildlife preserve rankles many really know why." Is the shortage hurting "On the whole, they are a healthy. intelli­ islanders who like to hunt. A more recent de­ Smith Island's fishing industry? "Yup. but gent breed of. people,'' says Linette Becker, cision to install a sewer system to comply we'll manage. We've always looked after an Australian nurse who moved here with with strict water quality laws was also con­ each other out here." her husband several yea.rs ago in response troverslal. Indeed they have. Smith Island, a four­ to a search by the islanders for medical help. When a state policeman showed up sev­ square-mile speck in the Chesapeake lo­ Children attend a one-room school in Ty­ eral years ago on the main street in Ewell cated just north of the Virginia state line, lerton or a two-room school in Ewell until to check auto registrations (few if any of bas been going it alone for some time. they reach high-school age. Then they com­ the ca.rs were properly tagged), the islanders Smith Island was named for its discoverer, mute to school on the mainland aboard a simply stopped driving for a few days until Capt. John Smith, who charted the Chesa­ sleek new cruise boat that can make the trip he went away. Smith Island has a deputy peake in 1608. It was settled in 1657, when a in 45 minutes. The 50-passenger vessel, which sheriff, Otis Tyler, but he can't remember small band of. families, chiefly by the name ls chartered by Somerset County from Alan the last time there was so much as a fist of Evans, Tyler and Bradshaw. moved there Tyler of Rhodes Point, makes it possible fight on the Island, and he isn't very big on after a falllng out with Leonard Calvert, son for the children to return to Smith Island acting like a cop anyway. "Most of these of Maryland's founder, Lord Baltimore. each day; previously they were boarded in people are either relatives or neighbors,'' he They fished for a living, were early con­ homes on the mainland for the school week notes as he watches an obviously under-age verted from the Church of. England to Meth­ returning only on Friday, becaust> the old youth driving down the street. odism and became noted for their stub.. ferry couldn't negotiate the frequently rough bornly independent existence. waters of the Chesapeake. Many young people eventually move away NO MAYOR OR JAl'.L from the island (perhaps to escape the fero­ That formula hasn't changed much over cious mosquitoes that breed In the island's JOHN T. FORREST, 13, RECEIVES the years. Crabbing and oystering are still marshes), but a surprising number remain AWARD the main livelihood. The Methodist Church and become watermen like their fathers. It's 1s still the only church. And most of the not a trade that's likely to make them rich. population of 750 ls stm named Evans, Tyler Even in a good year, watermen figure they're HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER or Bra

10%. Moreover. translating pension eJCPecta­ ber 1974. Venezuela. agreed to provide oil to FOOTNOTES tions into today•s values, abou~ 80% of the the Central American republics at a dis­ • Fede1·ico G. Gil, "Fo1·eword," in Arpad total amount of future pension claims is held count price and to make the difference. to von Lazar, Latin American Politic8: A Primer, by persons in the $9.000 to $20,000 wage be deposited in the central banks of the area, (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1971), p . bracket. This is by far their biggest asset. Yet, available for bilateral projects. It also pledged Xi. sadly, it ls an asset being destroyed very rap­ 80 million dollan to ftnance a proposed cof­ 7 Times of the Americans, January 17, 1975. idly by the impact of ln1lation. fee marketing organization to limit coffee s Latin America, voz. VIlI, No. 5, December These myths that I have enumerated are exports and keep prices at a higher level. In 29,1974,pp.393-94. return, Venezuela asked only for good will not harmless. They lead to "soak the rich" 11 Gil, Latin American-Uni ted States Rela­ legislation which, in effect, then "soaks the and a reasonable return (8 per cent) on loans. tions, p. 229. President Perez once stated that Venezuela's poor," the former workers on pensions. They 1o Latin American Report, Vol. Ill, No. 6, lead to policies enacted as "antirecessionary," oil is Latin America's oil. And he added "we January, 1975, p. 3. which primarily fuel inflation Without stim­ have it to help in the welfare of our peoples 11 Excelsior, January 10, 1975. ulating consumption or employment, And and not for oppression or as an instrument 12 Kalman H. Silvert and Frieda M. Silvery, to enforce political solidarity." 7 In spite of these myths inhibit right measures-meas­ "Fate, Change, and Faith," American Uni ­ ures to encourage capital formation. Indeed, this disclaimer, no one will dispute that a fairly impressive degree of unity has devel­ versities Field Staff Reports, (North America unless we discard these myths and face up Series) , Vol. II, No. 2, September, 1974. to economic reality, we cannot hope to have oped behind the Venezuelan concept of what effective economic policies. La.tin America can hope to achieve. If efforts to stimulate Central American integration are successful, it is safe to predict that Ven­ ezuela's star will continue to rise not only in LEGAL ISSUES INVOLVED IN COM­ UNITED STATES-LATIN AMERICAN the but in the rest of the conti­ MERCE DEPARTMENT'S REFUSAL RELATIONS IN THE CHANGING nent as wen.a TO DISCLOSE BOYCOTT-RELATED MID-70'8-ill A third nation which has emerged as a INFORMATION first-class power in La.tin American terms because of its symbolic significance, if only HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN on the second or third class in terms of re­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN is OF FLORIDA sources and military might, Cuba. "The Cuban Revolution demonstrated that a small OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Latin American country. traditionally politi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, October 2, 1975 cally subordinated to and economically de­ Thursday, October 2, 1975 pendent on its northern neighbor, could suc­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, this is the cessfully challenge the might of the pre­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, 1n the face third installment of the paper of Dr. ponderant power of the hemisphere." 11 The of a congressional subpena., requests Federico G. Gil, which was recommended impact of Cuba's example has been incal­ made by a number of House committees, to me and to my colleagues by my con­ culable. After sixteen years of trial and er­ and a Federal lawsuit, Secretary of Com­ stituent, Dr. Ione S. Wright. This sec­ ror, of some tragic economic mistakes, and merce Rogers Morton continues re­ costly improvisation in general, Cuba seems to tion of Dr. Gil's paper, "United States­ to be entering an era of consolidation and in­ fuse to disclose the names of those com­ Latin American Relations in the Chang­ stitutionalization under the most auspicious panies which have been warned or ing Mid-70's" describes nations rising to circumstances. Its gross national product charged for violating boycott reporting new prominence in Latin America, and grew at an annual rate of 13 per cent be­ requirements. The Export Administra­ discusses impact of Cuba on Latin Amer­ tween 1970 and 1974, its gains in exports tion Act of 1969 requires American firms icans' views of our hemisphere. last year were 70 per cent up compared to to report any boycott-related demands The article follows: 1973, and the construction industry is grow­ communicated to them in connection ing at a rapid pace. A five-year development with their commercial transactions. UNITED STATES-LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS plan will be submitted to the first Congress IN THE CHANGING l\fin-70's-!ll of the Communist party in November 1975.10 Available evidence indicates that this i·e­ quirement was largely ignored until New actors have entered the Latin Amer­ Its extraordinary achievements in health and ican international stage. The Peruvian mili­ education are invariably the subject of ad­ 1975. The publicity generated by the tary government headed by General Velasco miration and praise by foreign visitors, par­ Arab boycott earlier this year focused Alvarado, after embarking on a series of sig­ ticularly Latin Americans. Preoccupied With attention on the Commerce Depart­ nificant social and economic reforms under­ the task of institution-building and e<:o­ ment's failure to enforce the reporting lined by a strong nationalistic line has awak­ nomic development, the Cuban regime. with­ requirement and its neglect of the Gov­ ened much interest among Latin Americans. out repudiating its solemn commitment to ernment's general policy to oppQse re­ It has developed close ties with the Soviet continental social revolution, ls no longer active in militarily exporting its own revolu­ strictive or discriminatory trade boycotts. Union through the purchase of military While the Department of Commerce still equipment, and its relations with CUba are tion. Fidel Castro has said that the Cuban most amicable. The "Peruvian solution" or Revolution showed Latin America. that it was tacitly supports the boycott through peruvianismo. as it ls often called in Latin possible to "resist imperialism." He has also policies described beginning on page America, has captured the imagination of slg­ recognized, however that realistically there 29884 of the September 23 RECORD, it nlflcant numbers of the non-Communist are no immediate prospects for a thorough has issued warning letters to 162 ex­ left.8 It is not surprising then that Peru as­ revolution, adding that the objective condi­ porters thus far this year for fallw·e to pires to a leading role in inter-American tions are present but the subjective ones are obey the boycott rePorting requirements. affairs. still lacking on the continent as a whole. But still he OOmits the existence of "positive, pro­ Secretary Morton has repeatedly re­ Another new and formidable contender for gressive changes," deserving of Cuban ap­ fused to disclose the names of those com­ Latin America's leadership is Venezuela. The proval, in , Panama, Peru, Venezuela., panies on the grounds that such disclos­ sud-den quadrupling of oil prices has made and other countries.11 that nation a power broker in hemispheric ure would be in violation cf section 7Cc) But, as impressive as are the accomplish­ of the Export Administration Act. In as­ politics. It has already committed hundreds ments in health and education, what strikes of millions of dollars to Latin American de­ the constant stream of Latin American visi­ serting that claim, Secretary Morton ob­ velopment and it has agreed to financially tors to the island more deeply is the strong fuscates the crucial difference between support Central America to maintain the feeling of solidarity and national identity information supplied by exporters under prices of that region's agricultural exports. which pervades all aspects of life in revolu­ a promise of confidentiality and action Venezuela knows, in the words of its leader tionary Cuba. As Kalman H. Silvert put it taken by the Commerce Department President Carlos Andres Perez that this is after a recent visit, "Cuba is the first Latin against exporters who have failed to her opportunity to create a new international American country to become a true natlon­ order and it obviously does not intend to state, secular, partially egalitarian, aiming supply the requisite information. If I forego that chance. The country is expanding toward total participation, able to call on its may draw an analogy, an individual's its state-owned industry in the Orinoco back­ people to show ultimate loyalty to fellow tax return is confidential, yet the bring­ lands. paying to educate thousands of future Cubans despite status-derived differences. ing of tax evasion charges against an leaders at universities abroad. and, at the With this accomplishment Cuba has joined individual based upon his tax return same time, it is forging ahead in the ta.sk of the modern world, ..• It has built a social consolidating the fragile edifices of Latin would not in itself be kept secret. nation, the tool for the realization of more This particular point was the focus American unity and solidarity. President difficult dreams." 12 It 1s on this intangible Perez's decision to support the Central Amer­ but formidable achievement-the creation of of a recent exchange of letters between ican Market marked the beginning of Ven­ a national com.m.umty-th&'t Cuba's in1lu­ David A. Brody, Director of the Wash­ ezuela's diploma.tic offensive. At the confer­ ence and prestige among the La.tin American ington Office ot the Anti-Defamation ence of Puerto Ordaz in Guayana, Decem- nations rests today. League of B'nai B'rith, and Commerce 3il528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 1975 Secretary Morton. Mr. Brody presents a dom of Information Act make pla.ln that become public. Under the Director's reason­ cogent legal argument for disclosure of Congress never intended Sec. 'l(c) to provide ing, however. the lnformation would have the warning letters issued to exporters. a sanctuary for and shield exporters who to be kept secret. B1mllarly, the orders is­ based in large part upon an examination violate the law by failing to report the re­ sued against the four exporters who did not of the legislative history of the Export ceipt of boycott requests. contest the charges and which have been 2. I! the Director's ruling 1s neve-rtheless made public would also have to be withheld Administration Act dating back to 1949. upheld, considerations of national pollcy re­ because they contain the same information Mr. Brody correctly notes the Irration­ quire you to make a determination that the contained in the letters which the Direc­ ality and inconsistency of keeping charg­ withholding of these letters ls "contrary to tor has held to be exempt from disclosure un­ ing and warning letters secret while dis­ the national interest." der Sec. 7 ( c) .• Clearly there is nothing in closing final punitive action taken Section 7(c) provides "No depa.rtment, Sec. 7(c) to warrant and support this di!· against boycott reporting violators. agency, or official exercislng any functions ference in treatment between the initial Secretary Morton's reply largely under this Act shall publish or disclose in­ charging and warning letters and the final formation obtained hereunder which is orders. Ignores the case for disclosure made by deemed confidentlal or with reference to n Mr. Brody. The Secretary tries to draw a which a. request for confidential treatment As a. sepa.ra.te ground for this appeal we distinction between the disclosure of a ls made by the person furnishing such In­ submit that withholding these letters from criminal indictment and the disclosure of formation, unless the head of such depart­ public inspection ls contrary to the national an administrative warning. In the for­ ment or agency determines that the with­ Interest. Not only ls lt national policy to mer case. he argues, the public's pre­ holding thereof is contrary to the national oppose the Arab boycott, Sec. (3) (5) of the sumption of ignorance is clear, while the interest." Export Administration Act, 50 U.S.C. App. latter Instance carries a clearer infer­ In denying our request, the DiTector as­ 2402(5), but it is also a. violation of the Act serts that information gathered in the course punishable by fine or imprisonment for a ence of illegal conduct. This line of rea­ of the Department's investigation and the U.S. exporter not to report the receipt of a soning appears to be spurious. If a com­ matters related thereto must be kept confi­ request to participate in the Arab boycott, pany has been warned for doing some­ dential under Sec. 7(c). We submit that the 50 U.S.C. App. 2403(c) and 2405(a.). The thing illegal, why should not that fact be DiTect.or's reliance on Sec. 7 ( c) In the action of the Director in refusing to disclose made public? Why should the company's limited circumstances of this case is mis­ the warning and charging letters can there­ Image be protected against public knowl­ placed. fore only frustrate and do violence to the edge of its activities? At the same time, Section 'l(c) was adopted in 1949 a.s Sec. will of the Congress, encourage non-compli­ 6(c) of the Export Control Act of 1949. In ance with the reporting requirement of the many persons' images have been tainted its report on the bill, the senate Committee law and otherwise prejudice the public in­ by a criminal Indictment, even if their on Banking and CUrrency stated that the terest.7 As such the Director's action ls plain­ innocence were eventually established. If Section prohibited the "disclosure of confi­ ly contrary to the national Interest and ac­ public disclosure can occur in only one dential information furnished" (emphasis cordingly it ls incumbent upon you to make of these two instances, I would prefer added). s. Rept. 81-31, Blst Cong. 1st sess. 6 a deterinina.tlon to that effect. that it focus on those issued warnings for ( 1949) . In enacting Sec. 7 ( c) Congress For the foregoing reasons we urge that violating administrative requirements. plainly Intended to prohibit only the dis­ the action of the Director in denying our re· I closure of information furnished by the ex­ quest be reversed. On the other hand, see no reason why porter. It did not Intend to protect ex­ Since our appeal ls based on two inde­ we must make such a choice, and would porters who violated the law by falling to pendent grounds, one of which would obvi­ thus advocate the disclosure of criminal report the receipt of boycott requests and ate the need for you to make the statutory indictments and administrative warnings thereby compel the Department to ferret out determination that withholding access to alike. that information on its own initiative and the charging and warning letters ls "conb-y I hope that the Secretary of Com­ through its own investigation. To invest to the national interest" we are also sending merce will reverse his position and agree with a cloak of confidentiality Information a copy of this appeal to the Assistant Secre­ to this so obtained ls to distort the intent of Con­ tary for Domestic and International Busi­ release important information. gress in enacting Sec. 7 ( c) .s ness. Without the effects generated by public Secondly, we subinit that the cha1rglng and Sincerely, disclosure, administrative warnings in warning letters do not in any event consti­ DAVID A. BRODY, the boycott field have minimal Impact. tute confidential ''Information." a Rather, FOOTNOTES If Secretary Morton continues to resist they represent departmental a.ctlons. They l Since the receipt of the Department's re­ disclosure, I assume that this issue will constitute the results of the Department's sponse, four of the five charged exporters eventually be resolved by the Federal investigative and enforcement activities, Cf. have ea.ch agreed to the imposition of a. $1,000 courts. WeUfor

rising expectations has created a confrouta- ductions and rebates; and (3) the "lay-off tion reported for July; and ( 4) the strong tion between two basic economic truths: (1) rate"-the number of workers losing their upward trend, beginning in March, of the the list of claims against the national out- jobs-could be reduced so that unemploy­ new composite index of twelve leading statiS­ put of goods a.nd services is literally endless; ment would stop rising so rapidly and con­ tical Indicators. These developments provide and (2) hum.a~ material and capital re- sumer confl.dence could be strengthened. a necessary foundation for a sustained re­ sources are limited even in the advanced During the first quarter of 1975 real output covery into 1976 based on rising personal U.S. economy. This obvious contradiction of goods and services continued to decline spending which will eventually stimulate a requires a more careful ranking of claim at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 11.4 resumption of business investment to meet priorities a.nd effective management of eco- percent but economic conditions were al­ the demand for goods and services. Although nomic policies. In particular, we need more ready beginning to shift. During those first the shape and speed of this recovery is still stable fiscal and monetary programs which three mont hs of 1975 personal consumption, uncertain, because of the dominant role of do not overreact to fluctuating economic de- net exports of goOds and services and govern­ inventory adjustments and the continuing velopments. Over the past decade recession ment spending at all levels reported strong problems in the housing and automobile sec­ and expansion trends have too often been gains. Most of the economic weakness wa.s tors, moderate expansion of economic activ­ exaggerated by frequent fine-tuning policy concentrated in the private investment sec­ ity is now clearly underway. adjustments. It is not so much a problem tor where residential construction and busi­ ll. ECONO:A-IYC POLICIES of deciding what to do as it is one of sus- ness spending declined and a massive turn­ taining basic policies long enough to en- around in inventories occurred. During the While there is widespread agreement that courage stable growth and longer-term last three months of 1974 unwanted invento- a moderate-to-strong economic recovery has planning. ries were accumulated at seasonally ad- begun, there ls justified concern about its a. sustainability. The severe recession just ex­ 1. CURRENT ECONOMIC OUTLOOK justed annual rate of $18 billion. In the first perienced clea.rly demonstrated that the U.S. current policy decisions must begin with quarter of 1975 the situation waB reversed economy can be constrained by shortages of an understanding of the background a.nd as inventories were liquidated at an adjusted oil and other industrial raw materials. Con­ current status of the economy. During the annual rate of $19 billion. Since final sales sumer sentiment is still fragile and directly mid-1960's the simultaneous escalation of were basically flat, the severe drop In total dependent upon future employment develop­ public spending for the Vietnam War and output reported during the first three ments. Business capital Investment must be various social programs combined with a months of this year waa a direct result of the increased if the near-term expansion is to capital investment boom in -the private sector large swing in inventories which was a neces.. continue and needed productive capacity and to overheat the economy and create accel- sary prerequisite for future recovery. future jobs are to be created. Because the era.ting lnfl.ation pressures. That rapid ex- As the spring progressed other signals that immediate pattern of business investment pansion was followed by a relatively mild an economic adjustment was occurring be­ wlll be largely determined by the strength of recession a.nd gradual improvement in reduc- came evident. The current rate of consumer personal consumption, it is crucial at this ing lnfl.atlon. Then a sharp economic recovery price Increases dropped from the double-digit stage of the recovery that a surge of new in­ from 1971 through 1973 resulted in an annual level of 1974 to a 6 to 7 percent zone and the flation pressures be avoided. Prices are still rate of increase in the "real.. GNP of 6.6 Tax Reduction Act of 1975 was finally passed increasing at an unsatisfactory seasonally percent which was well above the long-term in March. As a result, real disposable per­ adjusted annual rate of 6 to 7 percent. An capacity of the U.S. economy to expand real sonal income (stated in constant dollars) in­ escala.tlon of cunent prlces--or of lnfiation­ output approximately 4 percent each year. creased at a seasonally adjusted annual rate ary expectations-during the next few During that same three-year period the aver- of 21.6 percent during the second quarter of months would quickly disrupt both personal age annual increase in the GNP price defiator 1975 followtng five consecutive quarterly de­ and business spending plans which would, in was 4.7 percent and unemployment declined cllnes. This improvement was reflected in turn. curtail both the strength and sustain­ from 6 percent to 4.6 percent by October strong retail sales. The "lay-off" rate declined ability of the recovery. Therefore, current 1973 as 7.2 million additional people were steadily throughout the first half of 1975, policies must guard against fiscal and mone­ employed. The trade deficits of 1971 and 1972 employment began rising again in April and tary excesses which would disrupt ·the current were reversed and a small surplus was re- the average number of hours worked and the expansion and complicate· the problems of ported in 1973. In general. the performance amount of overtime Increased. As the inven­ creating a more stable economy. of the U.S. economy was impressive through- tory liquidation cleaned out unwanted The fiscal dilemma of rapidly increasing out that period but the pace of expansion stocks new orders turned up in April and government expenditures and lagging rev­ could not be sustained. The housing and industrial production bottomed out early enues continues to distort economic plan­ automobile industries began to falter as in- in the summer. Exports continued at a strong ning. During the past decade fl.seal policies flation surged upward early in 1973. Raw pace throughout this period and rising gov­ have had to adapt to the surge of spending materla.1 and productive capacity shortages ernment spending provided anticipated stim­ for the Vietnam War and various social also restricted growth. Fina.lly, the oil em- ulus. The downward slide in new home and spending programs, the major impact of in­ bargo declared aga.inst the United States in automobile sales finally stablllzed and mod­ flation and the sharp ei·osion of revenues October 1973 disrupted economic activit y and est gains occurred in both sectors by late and increased transfer payments caused by created great uncertainties. spring. two recessions. From Fiscal Year 1966 In the tlrst quarter of 1974 real output de- Publication of preliminary GNP figures through Fiscal Year 1975, Federal budget clined sharply at a 7.0 percent seasonally for the second quarter indicates that the outlays Increased from $134.6 billlon to $325.1 adjusted annual rate. The economy then sharp decline in real output has ended and billion (Table 1) . During that decade the stabilized temporarily in mid-year before that the U.S. economy has entered into the cumulative budget deficit totaled $148.7 bil­ rapidly deteriorating Into a severe reces- expected recovery period. The level of real lion a.nd the "net increase" in borrowtng sion in the fall as residential constructlo~ economic activity (adjusted to remove the for various "off-budget" programs excluded automobile sales, business investment, and effects of price changes) was basically sta­ from the Federal budget totaled an addi­ consumer spending all declined. During the ble-down only 0.3 percent at a seasonally tional $149.7 bllllon. last three months of 1974 real output fell at adjusted annual rate-according to the pre­ In attempting to respond to the severe a 9.0 percent seasonally adjusted annual rate liminary estimates which Will be revised recession, the President originally submitted and it became clear that economic policies Thursday. This turnaround represents a ma­ a proposed Federal budget for Fiscal Year had to focus on reversing the sharp deter!- jor improvement following five consecutive 1976 which called for outlays of $349.4 bil­ oration in output and final sales without quarterly declines in the real GNP. lion and a deficit of $51.9 billion. The mid­ abandoning the necessary effort to control While it is gratifying that the turning session review published May 30 subsequently the double-digit lnfiation which had been point was reached sooner than expected and increased the expected outlays to $368.9 bil­ largely responsible for the serious erosion of the pace of recovery is somewhat stronger lion and the deficit to $59.9 billion. In a home building, consumer spending and busl- than anticipated, this shift in direction does separate action by Congress, their first con­ ness investment. not mean that everything is now fine. To the CUl'l'ent Resolution on the budget published By yea.rend 1974 some analysts believed contrary, a turning point at the bottom of May 9 recommended outlays of $367.0 billion that the sharp deterioration in economic a cycle represents the worst combination of and a: deficit of $68.8 billion. Whatever the activity would continue leading to a. world- economic conditions experienced during a re­ final figures turn out to be it is obvious that wide depression comparable to the traumatic cession. It is likely that there will be many another large increase in spending and a experiences of the 1930's. Others argued that more economic disappointments during the record-level budget deficit will occur. economic recovery would begin long before coming months as the moderate recovery ac­ The President also asked for a temporary such catastrophic developments OCCUITed. celerates. But it is certainly encouraging to cut in taxes to help stimulate the economic The Administration based its policy recom- note the upward tilt of most economic statis­ recovery expected by mid-year. In March the mendations on analysis that a turning point tics, particularly: (1) the improvement In Tax Reduction Act of 1976 was finally passed would occur about mid-year if three funda- employment and the related drop in the sea.­ which provided approximately $20 b11lion of mental adjustments could be accomplished: _ sonally adjusted unemployment rate from net tax relief. About $17 bllllon of the to­ (1) the unwanted accumulation of inven- 9.2 percent in May to 8.4 percent in July; tal was allocated to individuals in the form tories could be cleared out and new order& (2) the increase in retail and wholesale ln­ of a rebate on 1974 taxes and· temporary re­ increased; (2) "real incomes" of consumers ventories in June in i·esponse to several ductions for 1975 were provided 'by increas­ could be restored. by significantly redueing months of strong sales; (3) the second con­ ing the standard deductions. an addltiona.l t he level of tn:.O.ation and initiating tax re- secutive monthly gain in industrial produc- $10 exemption credit, a 5 percent housing October 2, 1975· EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 311555 credit and an earned income credit for eligi­ ual committees so that it was impossible to vides most of the information required for ble low-income families. Business tax relief develop a comprehensive overview of the to­ public and private sector economic decisions. was provided by increasing the investment tal impact of the specific legislative actions. As you fulfill this important assignment, I tax credit to 10 percent and by raising the Under the new procedures, the two Congres­ hope that you will also communicate to your surtax exemption for small firms. At the same sional budget committees will prepare a con­ students, business associates and the general time, the depletion allowance for oil and nat­ current Resolution establishing the basic public a greater awareness of the produc­ ural gas was phased out and limitations budget goals and identifying their impact on tivity and creativity of the U.S. economy added in the use of foreign tax credits as­ the entire economy. The actions of each a.p­ when it is allowed to function properly. propriat.ion committee will then be combined sociated with foreign oll and gas operations. TABLE 1.-FEDERAL BUDGETS, CHANGES IN THE UNIFIED During the next few munths important de­ and compared with the budget committee cisions a.bout possible extension of parts of recommendations before preparing a second BUDGET OUTLAYS, BY FJSCAL YEAR, 1961-76 the 1975 tax cuts must be made as the pat­ concurrent Resolution for Congress to ap­ [Dollar amounts in billions) tern of economic recovery becomes clearer. prove. A trial run using these procedures The rapid growth of Federal spending dur­ over the past few months for coordinating spending decisions has been encouraging and Percent- ing the past decade has increasingly eroded Fiscal year over Federal Dollar age Surplus or our fiscal fiexibllity. Many government pro­ a. new sense of priorities and discipline may precedin1 year outlays increase increase deficit grams involve an "entitlement authority" well result from this new approach. which makes the actual outlays open-ended The combination of increased government 1961. ••. -;;-.~.-::.-:: $97.8 $5.6 6.1 -3.4 depending upon the eligibility rules and spending and tax reductions has provided 1962 ______..: 9. 0 9.2 -7.1 extensive stimulus for the economy in mov­ 1963. ______; 106.8 benefit levels established. There has been a 1964 ______; 111.3 4.5 4.2 -4.8 tendency to liberalize both guidelines and ing back to a recovery pattern. Given the 1965 ______118.6 7.3 6.1 -5.9 severity of the recession, particularly the 1966 ______.,: 118.4 -0.2 ------1.6 benefits for Pederal retirement, social secu­ 134. 7 16.3 13.8 -3.8 rity and other income maintenance programs large increase in unemployment, a sizable 23.6 17.5 -8.7 budget deficit during the past year was a. 19681967------~-..: ______-;;-__ ..: 158.3 are now indexed so that they riSe automati­ 1969. ______..: 178.8 20.5 13.0 -25.2 cally as infiation occurs. Other outlays are suitable response. But such fiscal actions 1970 ______184.S 5.7 3.2 +3.2 must be carefully controlled, even during 1971 ______196.6 12. l 6. 6 -2.8 required by specific legislation and contrac­ 211.4 14.8 7. 5 -23.0 tual agreements. As a result, the Federal difficult periods, to avoid more permanent 197Z ______231.9 20.5 9. 7 -23.2 budget is increasingly committed to the pri­ erosion of our future flexibility. Fiscal re­ 1973 ______246.5 14.6 6. 3 -14.3 sponsibility is particularly important in pro­ 1974 •• ______..: 268.4 21.9 8.8 -3.5 orities of the past which makes it difficult -44.2 to respond to current problems and future viding a necessary balance with monetary 1975. ------325.1 56. 7 21. 1 claims. Approximately three-fourths of the policies. The Federal Reserve System is t.oo Federal budget ts now considered to be "un­ often required to bear a disproportionate Source: Economic Report of the President, February 1975, controllable" because of existing entitle­ burden in restraining inflation pressures table C-14, p. 324, for years 1961 through 1974; 1975 figure whenever government spending and tax poli­ published in joint statement of Secretary William E. Simon and ments and contractual obligations. In theory, Director James T. Lynn concerning "Budget Results for Fiscal there is no such thing as an "uncontrollable" cies create excessive stimulus. Year 1975," July 28, 1975. budget commitment since Congress controls Extensive criticism was directed at mone­ the annual appropriations process. In reali­ tary authorities during the last few months Mr. Speaker, the credibility of the ty, existing programs are rarely eliminated of 1974 and early 1975 because of the very Secretary's assertions is greatly rein­ low rate of growth of the money supply at or reduced and new claims are typicaly ~'add­ forced by an awareness of his experi­ ed on" to current outlays. The near-term an annual ra.te of only 1 percent during the six months period ending January 15, 1975. ences. A Ph.D. in economics from Stan­ prospects are for continued increases in out­ ford University-with doctoral subjects lays and more Federal budget deficits. This Since late January the money stock has in­ trend can either be modified by Congressional creased at a seasonally adjusted annual rate in such diverse fields as finance and action or resources can be transferred from of 9.4 per~ent. Combining these two periods banking, industrial management, statis­ the private sector which would mean a fur­ indicates that the money supply has in­ tics, marketing, research and develop­ ther increase in the role of government in the creased about 5 _percent over the past year ment administration, public finance, economy. with almost all of the growth -0ccurring dur­ economic history, economic development, A second important problem concerns the ing the last few months. Given the volatile nature of short-term monetary developments, history, and political geography-he has proper role of the Federal budget. In pre­ served as a counselor to the Secretary pa1ing the budget plan government omctals a longer-term perspecti1re of monetary policy are actually allocating the human and mate­ indicates that officials are moving toward the of the Treasury, as deputy assistant to rial resources available and determining the policy commitment of keeping the money and deputy counselor to the President division of responsib11ities between the pub­ suw1y growth tn the 5 to 7¥.a percent zone for economic policy, Assistant Secretary lic and private sectors. This is clearly a prop­ while also giving careful attention to inter­ of Commerce for Economic Affairs, and er function. However, since the 1930's the est rates and other monetary measures. This senior economist to the Council of Eco­ Federal budget has been used more 11.nd more policy goal appears to be a reasonable target nomic Advisers. He has also taught at as a tool for -economic stabilization. Increased when combined with the existing stlmUlua being provided by fiscal actions. the University of Michigan and North­ outlays and resultant deficits a.re defended western and has co-authored three im­ by claiming that Federal spending ts re­ III. SUMMARY quired to replace private demand during Although the recovery ls apparently well portant textbooks. periods of slack. underway, the next few months are likely The size of the Federal budget is then to be a turbulent period as fiscal and mone­ SENIOR CITIZENS manipulated to meet current economic sta­ tary policies will probably be under intense bilization goals in this system of economic pressure to respond to specific infia.tion a.nd management. Unfortunately the balance unemployment developments. In such a vola­ turns out to be asymmetrical, because def­ tile environment, those who advocate more HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS icits usually occur during periods of both stable economic policies will be considered OF NEW JERSEY strong and w.eak economic activity. Federal naive at best and insensitive at worst. Never­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES budget deficits have been recorded in four­ theless, there must be a longer-term perspec­ teen out of the last fifteen fiscal years-or tive in determining policies if we are to ever Thursday, October 2, 1975 forty of the la.st forty-eight yea.Ts-and more avoid the "stop-go" results of the past. Re­ Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. are expected according to our current five­ cent events clearly demonstrate that the U.S. :Mr. year projections. economy will not function properly with Speaker, because it appears that Con­ The overall results of using the budget for hlgh single or double-digit inflation just as gress has been getting more than its stabilization purposes are not clear because it cannot survive for very long with such share of criticism from professional of the complexity of the total economy and excessive levels of unemployment. The con­ critics, it is encouraging to receive praise the lagged impact .of such policies. But one stant shifting of policies and resulting un­ from time to time. specific result does seem obvious: The crea­ certainties about the lagged impact of such I would like to share with my col· tion of new spending programs during pe­ actions has too often frustrated the basic riods of economic slack typically creates a goal of promoting "maximum employment leagues a letter I received from my con­ permanent sequence of outlays that con­ production, and purchasing power." ' stituent, Mrs. Lillian Allan, exPressing tinues far beyond the immediate need for The beginning point in adopting more gratitude to Congress for its efforts on s tabiliza tion. stable fiscal and monetary policies is a res­ behalf of all senior citizens. Hopefully, increased realism in determin­ toration of public confidence in the govern­ Mrs. Allan, the president of the Hud­ ing future fiscal policies will result from the ment's ability and willingness to establish son County, N.J. Senior Citizens Council, recent creation of a Oongressional Budget longer-term economic goals. As members of a spokes­ Office which is required to provide overall the American Accounting Association you has over the years become Federal budget targets for receipts and out­ have an important education role in describ­ woman for the senior citizens of the lays for the guidance of the new Congres­ ing how the American economy works and in county and of the Nation as we1L Mrs. sional budget committees. In the pa.st, ap­ preserving the integrity of the comprehen­ Allan, whom I deeply admire for her propriations have been approved by individ- sive system of financial accounts which pro- tireless efforts for the Nation.. s elderly. 311556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 1975 is proud to be an older American, to live standing achievements of his illustrious ca­ SINAI PEACE AGREEMENT a productive life, and to be a senior reer and his deep involvement on behalf of citizen, a title which she assumes with !ta.Io-Americans. He has restored to Italo­ AmerJ.ca.ns the pride and prestige that is dignity. Older Americans are valuable rightfully theirs. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI and must be recognized for their con­ OF ILLINOIS tributions, past and continuing, to so­ Congressman BIAGGI was elected to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ciety. Mrs. Allan has been instrumental House in 1968, following an illustrious 23- Thursday, October 2, 1975 in this awareness. year career in the New York City Police Mrs. Allan's interest in so many worth­ Department. During his career, BIAGGI Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, some­ while causes typifies the deep personal was the recipient of a number of key time next week before the Columbus Day concern she feels for senior citizens. Her awards, including the prestigious New recess, the House may vote on the resolu­ interest is not confined to the older per­ York Medal of Honor. He was elected to tion to approve the Sinai Peace Agree­ sons of Hudson County as many of my the National Police Hall of Fame, and ment. colleagues · are aware through corre­ has been lauded as one of New York Unfortunately, many Members wUI spondence with her. For my colleagues City's most decorated policemen. Fol­ consider this a matter of short-term who do not know Mrs. Allan, I share with lowing his police career, BIAGGI became a political expediency. However, in my them her letter and her appreciation: member of the New York State Bar after judgment, we must look at the long I'm tired of hearing the title of "Senior graduating from New York Law School range picture of the tragic complications Citizen" put down. This title carries a story in 1963. that are inherent in another major of our Bicentennial heritage. The American BIAGGI's election in 1968 made him the Middle East war. immigrants are proud to bear the title of first Democrat to be elected from that David Hall, former Middle East cor­ "'Senior Citizen." It means that they are citi­ area of the Bronx in 16 years. He has zens of the United States of America, and respondent and now editorial writer for have earned their right to vote. Senior Citi­ been returned to Congress on three addi­ the Chicago Daily News, discusses in his zens have the best voting record on Election tional occasions by impressive margins. column of Saturday, September 13, the Day. They have raised and educated their Because of his police background, he has value of the U.S. role in the Middle East. children. They are the senior members of the been dubbed the "Cop in Congress,'' and I found this article to be a very logical family which demands respect and dignity. has sponsored the law enforcement offi­ and objective study of the situation: of They are also the backbone the American cers Bill of Rights and the national law WHY U.S. BELONGS IN MIDDLE EAST family as to religion, education and respect enforcement memorial. (By David Hall) for law and order, as parents, and grand­ But BIAGGI's interests are not limited pa.rents. Henry M. Jackson, presidential aspirant The names "Senior Citizen" is respected all to law enforcement. As a member of the and U.S. senator, gave a speech before a over the world, as well as the highest officials House Education and Labor Committee, largely Jewish audience the other night. He of city, county, state and federal government he has become an advocate for a number lambasted the interim settlement the United of America. The elderly of this generation are of worthwhile causes including improv­ States arranged between Israel and Egypt, organized and ready for action! They read ing the quality of life for our mentally especially the plan to station U.S. technicians the newspapers, watch current events and ill. One of his legislative accomplish­ a.t Sinai Desert warning posts. government on TV. They now have the time ments came in 1973 with the passage of Then Jackson uttered the clincher: to learn about their rights as citizens, resi­ "When the issue comes before the Con­ dents and patients in a hospital. the Child Abuse Prevention and Treat­ gress I hope to vote to approve the substance We are grateful to Congress for its efforts ment Act, a bill which he worked for since of the agreement as it has been presented to in behalf of the Senior Citizens. his early days in Congress. He is cur­ the American people." Sincerely, rently investigating the child care in­ How's that? LU.LIAN ALLAN, dustry in this Nation, and I understand Jackson is trying to play it both ways: To President. he plans to introduce legislation designed reflect the fears of Americans a.pout a new to correct some of the inherent abuses in and deep foreign involvement while sup­ porting the cause of Israel and pleasing the ON THE DEDICATION OF MARIO the present system. As a member of the newly established politically powerful Jewish voting bloc. BIAGGI LODGE NO. 2339 IN In his train a.re politicians left and right, QUEENS, N.Y. Select Committee on Aging MARIO BIAGGI Democratic and Republican. The issue is has continued his commitment to im­ ma.de for fencestraddling, which politicians proving the quality of life for our older find so comfortable. They c·a.n bellow a.bout HON. EDWARD I. KOCH Americans. He has introduced numerous being trapped by the wily Kissinger in a fa.it OF NEW YORK bills which are intended to restore a life accompli. A senator or representative can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of dignity and economic freedom to our say the deal ls necessary for Israel's con­ elderly. Another significant achievement tinued survival, although he would have Thursday, October 2, 1975 for MARIO BIAGGI came in 1971 when an preferred something more "long-lasting" and more "durable" than the three-year separa­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the New York amendment he offered to the Mass Tran­ tion of armies. delegation in the House of Representa­ sit Act, mandating equal mass transit Congress will hold hearings. Some tough­ tives has 39 Members. We are comprised facilities for the elderly and handicapped sounding questions will pepper Kissinger. of Democrats and Republicans, liberals became law. He will answer in monotone, citing the and conservatives. In the course of our MARIO BIAGGI is recognized among his smallness of the American personnel com- work together on behalf of the city and colleagues as one of the best service­ • mitment and the hope for "a just and lasting State of New York we try to put aside our oriented Congressmen. He spends a great peace." deal of his time meeting with and assist­ . Congress will vote, and as surely as the philosophical differences and points of autumn leaves fall it wlll vote for the mas­ view believing that cooperation is in the ing his constituents. His staffs, in New sive aid commitments (perhaps $9 billion best interest of our city and State. MARIO York and Washington, work hard to meet over the next three years) and for the tech­ BIAGGI and I differ on a whole host of the varied demands of the people of the nicians. issues because of our philosophical posi­ 10th Congressional District in New York. In back-door ifa.shion, Congress is going to tions, yet on many occasions we vote to­ And, of cow·se, MARIO BIAGGI is a true do the right thing at the right time about the gether in support of issues that transcend so:i of the Italo-American community Middle East. Reluctantly, it is going to in­ liberal and conservative doctrine. And it and has actively worked on their behalf ject the United States in a greater way into is my privilege to announce to my col­ in Congress. He has waged a number of a.n area where U.S. interests are so vital as leagues that on Sunday, October 5, MARIO key battles on the House floor to rid this to bear on national survival itself. BIAGGI will be honored by the Sons of Nation of the scourge of discrimination, At a. time when Soviet influence is waning Italy with the formal dedication of the wherever it exists. He has worked to pro­ among Arabs, the United States is estab­ vide the millions of Italo-Americans in lishing itself as the power through which to MARIO BIAGGI Lodge No. 2339 in Queens, deal. It's a. position that not only Israel, but ·N.Y. This is a fitting tribute to one of our this Nation with a voice in the Congress. several Arab states, prefer more than public colleagues who is a leader of the Itallan­ It is my privilege to commend MARIO pronouncements often indicate. American congressional delegation. Ac­ BIAGGI. He is surely worthy of this out­ Because congressmen a.re afraid to face the cording to Philip Avelli, venerable of the standing honor from the Sons of Italy issue, and because the Ford a.dministration lodge: and on behalf of many of my colleagues is content to leave well enough a.lone, the The decision to name Lodge No. 2339 the here in the House, I extend to him warm­ public is not being leveled with as the U.S. Marlo Biaggl Lodge, was based upon the out- est congratulations. ·role grows. It is not being told that if further October 2, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31557 steps away from war are made, and if the enjoyment and entertainment for the to the floor of the House, I appended United States is to protect the Mediterra­ tens of millions who have witnessed her some individual views to that report in­ nean sea-lanes along NATO's southern flank performances as an actress, she has dicating my concern that the functi~nal and access to Mideast oil, then American blessed many other millions with her codes which the committee and its able commitments will almost certainly expand. sta:f! were using might become overrigid I.little efl'ort is being made to show that the personal expressions of love, generosity, United States, in protecting its interests, and solicitude. in their application to actual decisions by can play the morally preferable role of peace­ Mr. Speaker, Miss Rogers has proposed the Congress. maker. It can protect the existence of Israel, a laudable program for our Nation's Bi­ It seemed to me then that in our efforts a nation it helped form. It oan press Israel, consisting of a plan of volun­ to free ow·selves from an unwarranted where no other nation can, to consider and tary gifts which may be contributed by acceptance of OMB's terminology and respond to the legitimate interests of Syria, our citizens to the Nation in apprecia­ initiatives, we should not easily and un­ Jordan and Egypt in regaining occupied ter­ critically accept the terminology and in-. ritory, a.nd the unshakable Palestinian case tion for the blessings of freedom and op­ for a national identity in the area. portunity which we enjoy as Americans. herent viewpoint of some other arbitrary There is a scenario for Mideast peace that Mr. Speaker, Ginger Rogers' proposal system. is more ideal. It has the disputing parties, is worthy of appropriate action by the Since that resolution was agreed to by riven by decades of mistrust punctuated by Congress of the United States. It is ex­ the House, we have had more than one war, coming together under international plained succinctly and beautifully in her occasion on which a system of functional auspices for a final settlement. own words which follow: analysis which should have been only Kissinger's tactic is based on a more real­ REMARKS BY GINGER ROGERS that has tended to become mistaken for istic understanding of the deep divisions­ a universally accepted set of legally bind­ religious, territorial, historical-that divide There is an idea regarding our Bicentennial Arabs and Jews in Biblical Palestine. celebration which will bless our entire Na­ ing conclusions, with all the policy and The hostility, the suspicion, the hate will tion: There is a way in which the enormous fiscal implications that flow from that. take decades to still. Along the way addi­ national debt burden our Uncle Sam is bear­ Recently Mr. Roy Millenson, for many tional guarantees to both sides, in the form ing can be met quickly and our country freed years a highly respected minority staff of a big-power commitment, may well have from threat of bankruptcy which is attempt­ member of the Senate Labor and Public to be interposed. It is not possible to guar­ ing to put fear into the hearts of many of Welfare Committee, wrote a short article antee "peace," in the ethical sense, but it ls our citizens: Establish a fund which will for the committee on full funding en­ possible to guarantee against aggression and allow every man, woman, and child of this great Nation to express love and appreciation titled "The Washington 500." Mr. Mil­ war, as 30 years of commitment to western lenson says what I was trying to say last Europe and Japan. Unfortunately, those suc­ for the blessings and unlimited oppoTtunities cess stories are tarnished by Vietnam. That its freedoms afford by sendlng a monetary April. I include Mr. Millenson's article in comparison continues to crop up in the devel­ gift to Uncle Sam for his 200th birthday. the RECORD: oping Mideast debate, and it is not appli­ Everyone regardless of party affiliation THE WASHINGTON 500 cable at all. The correct lesson is: Don't participating in sending "Love Currency to (By Roy H. Millenson) squander U.S. power and prestige where there Uncle Sam"-this would be evidence to the rest of the world that we are truly one nation The Indianapolis 500 is a competitive event are no interests at stake and no ties with in Ma.yin which a group of numbered con­ the overseas people involved. indivisible under God having assets to meet all obligations. There is an abundance of testants go rapidly about in a circle until one Sen. Jackson and many of his colleagues ~s declared ~h~ winner. The Washington 500 pretend they must go along with Kissinger's wealth in our country. When our churches get into financial ar­ is a compet1t1ve event, involving not autos deal because they have no choice. P.erhaps but education funding, also kicked off in not, but poorer choices could have come their rears we are reminded of our blessings and gladly make the necessary contributions to May, wherein a group of numbered partici­ way. It would be better for the American pants also go about rapidly in a circle. But people if policymakers in the administration balance the church budget. We support will­ ingly that which we love. It is our country unlike Indianapolis, you can never quite and in Congress would acknowledge that the determine who is ahead. ),1ideast role is growing, but defend more which makes our freedom of worship possible and it is now urgent that we devote our best What happened in Washington this May? openly the need for that role in serving the This May, Congress ad.opted H. Con. Res. 218, national interest. consecrated effort to balance our country's budget. the first concurrent resolution on the budget We don't want to be captured by our own as prescribed by PL 93-344*, the budget re­ greed as monkeys are sometimes captured. form legislation enacted just last year. The report on that resolution established within When rice is put through a small ope~ ln GINGER ROGERS' BICENTENNIAL a coconut shell and chained to a tree, a the prescribed overall Federal budget levels GIFT PROGRAM monkey will fill his paw so full of rlce he dollar llmlts for 16 functional categories cannot withdraw it, and the greedy unwise bearing functional category numbers identi~ motikey loses his freedom. cal to those appearing in the President's HON. ROBERT McCLORY Let us be wiser than the monkeys and let budget submitted last February.** Educa­ OF U.LINOIS go of some "rice" by placing it in a very right tion comes under the "500" classification, a designation which it shares as a partner With 1.N" THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place at the right time instead of ho.arding it and allowing Uncle Sam to be harassed manpower and social services. So much for Thursday, October 2, 1975 and burdened by such an unnecessary heavy the status of the Washington 500. debt and threat. Items in the 500 series are spread across Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker~ the cele­ five different appropriations measures. First, brated actress of stage, screen, and TV, We have a choice. Uncle Sam doesn't have a choice. It is up to us. at least in our eyes, is the Education Appro­ the beloved Ginger Rogers, is in Wash­ priations bill (H.R. 5901) which includes ington today where she will be one of the Mr. Speaker, I 'Rm hopeful that Ginger such items as Elementary and Secondary honored guests at the White House ban­ Rogers' visit to Washington will prove Education (501), Higher Education (502) quet being tendered by the President and both a source of enjoyment for those of and Library Resources (503). In Interior Ap­ propriations (lI.R. 8773) we find, for instance, Mrs. Ford to Emperor Hirohito and his us who had an opportunity to be in her Empress of Japan. company and also a means of receiving * PL 93-344 bears the formal title of the During ller bl'ief visit in Washington, from her and implementing a most "Congressional Budget and Impoundment Ginger found time to visit with many worthy program of appreciation for our Control Act of 1974". Titles I through IX, long-time friends on Capitol Hill, and Nation's Bicentennial. the portion With which we are concerned to renew acquaintances with you, Mr. here, has its own title, the "Congressional Speaker, as well as such others of our Budget Act of 1974". colleagues as BARBER CONABLE, of New ••While neither H. Con. Res. 218 the THE WASHINGTON 500 House and Senate Reports on it or th~ de­ York; FLOYD SPENCE, of South Carolina; bates stipulate the period covered, the gen­ JOHN ROUSSELOT, BOB WILSON, and DON eral understanding is that it is for the 12- CLAUSEN of 'Califo1·nia; TIM HALL, PHIL HON. JAMES G. O'HARA month period, July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976. CRANE, GEORGE o•BRIEN, ED DERWINSKI, OF .MICHIGAN Although the transition quarter, July l, 1976 JOHN ERLE!l'BORN, and FRANK ANNUNZIO ~o September 30, 1976 is part of FY 1976, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Illinois: JOHN JARlllAN, of Oklahoma'. 1s not covered by the budget resolution nor SAM DEVDm, of Ohio, and others. Thursday, October 2, 1975 is there an indication that it will be covered by any future resolutlon. The Congressional Mr. Speaker, Ginger Rogers is forever Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, last spring budget watchdogs have yet to choose to reflecting love -and concern for her fel­ when the Committee on the Budget re­ establish controls over the billions to be ex­ low countrymen. In addition to providing ported House Concm·rent Resolution 218 pended during that 3-month period. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 1975 the Corporation for Public Broadcasting The only firm conclusion which one can and federal governments. She keeps in close (503) and Arts and Humanities (503). The draw is that the Congressional budget pro­ touch with Rep. Jack Kemp. Labor-HEW Appropriations bill (H.R. 8069) cedure under the new reform law, as now Every August, Dorothy Meloy attends the is host to Comprehensive Manpower Assist­ practiced, is at best imprecise. And while the Erle County Fair several times. She deems it ance (504) and the National Commission on sun struggles to push over the horizon, the educational and commends its recognition of Libraries and Information Services (503), to Washington 500 goes on-with the hope that a Wide range of local talents through its cite two. Treasury-Post Office Appropriations the changes being readied by Congressional awards. (H.R. 8597) contains, among others, the budget staffs will bear fruit. In her opinion, the Buffalo Raceway gives Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Hamburg national publicity. Other Severely Handicapped ( 505) . A search In Augusta, Me.; Bethlehem, Pa. and other in the HUD Appropriations bill (H.R. 8070) cities where she and her husband have lived, turns up the Smithsonian (503) and HEW's MAYOR DOROTHY MELOY OF Dorothy Meloy was active in the work of the Office of Consumer .A1fa.1rs (506). HAMBURG, N.Y. United Presbyterian Church. In Bethlehem, While education is not quite as frag­ she was secretary of her church's Boa.rd of mented as its parent 500 series, education Deacons. In Hamburg, she continues mem­ items are found in four appropriation bills. HON. JACK F. KEMP bership in the United Presbyterian Church Some example: In addition to the many items OF NEW YORK and its women's association. in the Education Appropriations bill, we find The Meloys have a son, Charles L. Jr., a Indian Education in Interior Appropriations; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chemist of North Carolina, and a daughter, the Harry s Truman Scholarship Fund and Thursday, October 2, 1975 Ada, a lawyer practicing in New York City. Eisenhower College Grants in Treasury-Post Ada cast her first vote for her mother's elec­ Office; and Office of Education: Special Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the town of tion to the Hamburg Board of Trustees. Statistical Compilations and Surveys in Hamburg, N.Y., has the privilege and From her home, a short distance from the Labor-HEW. honor of being served by the first woman Village Hall, Dorothy Meloy walks to work Confused? You don't see how clear deci­ mayor elected in Erie County. dally. This provides an opportunity to greet sions under the new budget reform law can On Sunday, the Buffalo Courier­ and chat with many village residents. Oc­ be ma.de Bewildered by the "Washington Express did an article about Mayor casionally, she and her husband play golf 500"? You are not alone. Dorothy Meloy describing her outstand­ at the Bethlehem Steel Managers' Club. On June 30, the Comptroller General sub­ Before she was elected to public office, mitted to Congress a fascinating report With ing accomplishments precisely as I have Hamburg's mayor made most of the clothes the ho-hum title of "Standard Terminology, come to know them in the years I have she wore, including tailored cloth suits and Definitions, Classifications, and Codes. In­ worked with her. coats. She has traveled throughout this coun­ terim Report". It was printed as House Docu­ I take a great deal of pride in the style try and in Europe. Since her election as ment 94-211. In this report, the Comptroller and capability with which Dorothy has mayor, she is in demand as a publi~ speaker General concluded that the present func­ handled her difficult job-and I know before women's clubs and organizations. tional category system "makes it difficult to Dorothy Meloy was not impelled by the perform effective evaluation and analysis many, many persons in Hamburg join to profit motive to seek public office. Her salary using this data" and that comparison of me in wanting to bring the attention as Hamburg's mayor is $3,600 a year. Inter­ functions is difficult because they are not of legislators here the fine example of ested in eood government at all levels, she is grouped on a consistent basis. Mayor Meloy of Hamburg. glad to have a pa.rt in it. That there should be a change from the At this point, Mr. Speaker, I submit Her affiliations include the Hamburg chap­ present budget classification structure as the article from the Buffalo Courier­ ters of the Quota Club and the Business and utilized in Congressional budget controls is Express: Professional Women's Club. not disputed. How the change should be made is, however, under question. But the House HAMBURG'S WOMAN MAYOR JUST 'DOROTHY' TO and Senate appropriations and budget com­ VILLAGERS DO THE RICH GET FOOD STA114PS? mittees, the Congressional Budget Office, (By H. Katherine Smith) OMB and the Treasury, the report indicates, Dorothy (Mrs. Charles L.) Meloy, mayor of do agree on one thing-that change should Hamburg, is interested in knowing other HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND come slowly and some time after the FY 1977 women holders of public office. Last spring OF NEW YORK budget. The term "with all deliberate speed" she met in Hamburg and was photographed is not used. with mayor Donna Rodden of Albion. Mayor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thus, we a.re faced with at least one addi­ Meloy is the first woman mayor elected in Thursday, October 2, 1975 . tional year (FY 1977) of Congressional Erie County. budget controls under the new budget reform Asked whether she prefers to be addressed Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, yes­ law utilizing a classification system which is as "Your Honor," "Mayor" or "Mayoress," terday I submitted the first of three generally acknowledged as ineffective and she replied: "I prefer to be called Dorothy. articles about the food stamp program. With little meaning. Most residents of Hamburg know me well The articles attempt to correct a · good An example of how this can be conf_using enough for that." deal of misinformation which has been occurred just this year in the debates over The Meloys moved to Hamburg 12 years circulating about the ·program. Attacks HR 5901, the education appropriation,s meas­ ago, when Mr. Meloy, an engineer of Bethle­ ure, which was variously described as in the hem Steel Corp., was transferred from the on the program, based on misleading.ad­ area of $700 million, $400 million and $200 Bethlehem Pa. plant to the Lackawanna. vertisements in the media and inaccu­ million under the budget levels indicated by plant. Before her election to the mayoralty, rate news stories, have been made by the Congress. Estimates for the Congressional Mrs. Dorothy Meloy served on the Village many Members of Congress as well as budget limits on education are based on ex­ Planning Committee Trustees of Hamburg. high-ranking officials in t~e Ford ad· ti:apolations and committee understandings­ She completed her six-year term as trustee ministration. While it is hard to. cor­ but not on any figure specifically adopted by last April, just as the previous mayor's term rect the damage done by a fµll-page ad­ the Congress or stated or implied in the con­ of office expired. Elections to office in Ham­ vertisement or an eight-column banner ference report. While the report on H Con burg are nonpartisan. Dorothy Meloy was, .Res 218, the concurrent resolution on the therefore, able to enlist support of both headline, I hope these articles will be budget, established limits for the 16 func­ registered Republicans and registered Demo­ read by my colleagues so that any de­ tional categories, it did not break down the crats. bate on the food stamp program proceeds figures into the 66 subfunctional categories She has increased the village police force with the facts and with reason. or the 1,300 appropriation and fund accounts from 20 to 22 officers and appointed Ham­ These food stamp articles have been found in the Federal budget. burg's first woman police clerk. Recently, prepared by staff of the Food Research Congressional budget publications are no Hamburg voters and their mayor approved a and Action Center-FRAC: help. Take, for example, the "Senate Budget $2 million sewer bond which will cost $60 for Scorekeeping Report", a weekly publication every house in the village. The $2 million ARE HIGH-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS PARTICIPATING prepared by the Congressional Budget Office covers the village's share of the cost of IN THE FoOD STAMP PROGRAM? in cooperation With the Senate Budget Com­ the County South Towns Sewage Treatment In light of the Parade Magazine advertise­ mittee, which, in its own words, "ls designed Plant. ment and the subsequent repetition of its to provide 'the Senate with budgetary in­ Mayor Meloy is proud of the village's water message by numerous public officials, many formation relevant to consideration of ·up­ treatment plant and of the fact that no legislators and their constituents are ex­ coming legislative action." This report cioes ·water bans have restricted Hamburg residents pressing the concern that the Food Stamp not even mention the Education ·Appropria­ during the last six years. Throughout the vil­ Program (hereinafter FSP) is missing its tions bill (HR 5901) nor can one discern from lage water is metered. She also takes pride target. Are the middle class participating in. t~e report whether ltR 5901 ~s over or above in the new, centrally located senior citizens' the FSP to any significant !iegree? Are FSP the Congressional or Presidential budget housing project. participants, in fact., in need of such a.s

GREEK-AMERICAN FRIENDSHIP. AFFIRMED will be accomplished during the current ses­ onstrate, that men of all races can live and sion of Congress. prosper together. · The Greek comm.unify of Cyprus and Because of these ties, and with the eco;. Greece herself, are not at war with the However, once again, the House of nomic interdependence of Africa and America United States. The very opposite is true. Representatives failed to repeal the Byrd becoming increasingly obvious, Americans They enjoy and value the friendship and amendment on Rhodesian chrome. Ob­ owe it to ourselves and to Africa to define support of the American people and the viously, the administration, despite its clearly and to state candidly our policy to­ American government. The same can be conciliatory gesture at the U.N. special ward the continent of Africa. said for IsraeL When I got old enough to Therefore, today I would like to go beyond figure some of these things out, I started to session, had done little to overcome the anti-U.N. and anti-Thil"d World senti­ the usual toast for occasions such as this tell the playground bullies who ask"d which and talk with you inforµially about some of side I would take in the war between Israel ments which it had helped nurture with the important Issues In relations between and the United States that 1f they weren't so the assistance of the mass communica­ the United States and Africa. dumb, they'd realize that Israel and the tions media-and which contributed to America. has three major concerns: United States were fighting on the same side. the House's continuing defiance of the That Africa attain prosperity for its people Paul Sarbanes, John Brademas, and the U.N. on the issue of Rhodesian sanctions. and become a. strong participant in the other Greek-Americans who have been in­ economic order-an economic partner with volved. in "lobbying" against arms to Tur­ For the benefit of greater understand­ ing of overall United States-Africa policy a growing stake In the international system; key are as patriotic, loyal, and dedicated to That self-deterininatlon, racial justice and America's best interest as Senator Mans­ and of the impact of the September 25 human rights spread to all of Africa; field or any other American. Nor do I feel vote against repealing the Byrd amend­ And that the continent be free of great that I or any Jews in Congress, because of ment, I would like to submit for the power rivalry or conflict. our concern for Israel, are second rate Amer­ RECORD the full text of Secretary of State The United States seeks neither military icans. Kissinger's speech before the OAU For­ allies ri.or ideological confrontation in Africa. VOTE ON ARMS EMBARGO WON ON THE MERITS eign Ministers, followed by a commentary As Adlai Stevenson once said here at the I think it ts the duty of every ethnic on the chrome vote by columnist An­ United Nations, "Africa for Africans means American to bring to our national under­ thony Lewis which appeared in the Sep­ Africa for Africans, and not Africa as a takings the sensitivities and concerns which tember 29 issue of the New York Times: hunting ground for alien ambitions." only they have. After all, nobody 1s suggest­ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ing a Cominittee of Greek Congresmnen OaGANYZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY (By Secretary of State Kissinger) The people of Africa entered the era of make U.S. foreign pollcy. If the so-called independence With high aspirations. Eco­ Greek lobby were wrong in terms of American Some fifteen years ago Prime Minister nomic development has become both their interests, they would not have gotten 223 Harold Macmillan added a. new and durable highest national goal and a. symbol of their votes in the House of Representatives for phrase to the English language when, in drive for a more signlficant role in world their position. No matter how cynical or speaking of Africa, he said, "The wind of affairs. paranoid a man is, he must admit that the change is blowing through the continent." Much progress has been made. National in­ Greek minority ls too small and too incon­ When the twentieth century opened, western comes in Africa have risen rapidly in the sequential politlcaJly, to be able to win a colonialism stood at Its zenith. Today, only last two decades. Africa's overall trade has major foreign pollcy battle unless their argu­ the barest vestiges o! western colonialism increased a.bout fourfold in the last 15 years. ments were valid and solid, strictly from a remain in Africa.. Never before ln h1£ltory But development hopes in Africa have too U.S. standpoint. has so revolutionary a reversal occurred. With often been crushed by the cycles of natural I am proud of how hard American Jews such rapidity. Morally and politically, the disasters and the shocks of worldwide eco­ have worked in building sympathy for Israel spread of national Independence has already nomic lnstabillty. No continent suffers so both in Congress and among the general transformed world institutions and the na­ cruelly when crops fall for lack of rain. No public. I was proud to have been an ally of ture of international affairs. Today we feel continent endures a heavier burden when Greek Americans in the battle over arms to the winds of change blowing from Africa-­ prices of vrimary commodities fluctuate Turkey. '"Vhen an ethnic minority ls wrong and they will affect the course we set for violently In response to shifts in the world on the issues, we can be certain we Will be generations to come. economy. rebuffed by a suspicious and hostile major­ The first official function at which I pre­ The United States has .set as one of the ity. When we succeed-far more often than sided. as Secretary of State two yea.rs ago fundamental goals of its foreign policy to not-it will be due not merely to polltlcal was a luncheon here for the representatives help lay the foundations for a new era of pressure, but also to our having convinced of the Organization of African Unity. Since International cooperation embracing de­ many, many non-ethnics and people With then the world has undergone continuing veloped. and developing countries in an open ethnicity different from our own, of the change---as much in Africa as anywhere and durable international system. Africa has justice of our cause. else. In Africa, the Portuguese African colo­ an important role in this international sys­ I want leaders of the Greek community nial empire has come to an end. The effects of tem. our mutual success Will determine the as well as Greek-American constituents to that on southern Africa are being felt 1n nature of political and economic relations know how anxious I am to both represent Rhodesia, Na.mlbia and South Africa, and 1n the world over the remainder of thiS and serve you. I want you to know that In their full course has yet to be run. Also of century. me you have a congressman who deeply ad­ great importance, major changes have taken The United States offered a comprehensive mires and respects Americans who maintain place in the international economy, as Te­ practical approach to economic development ties with the culture and land of their fiected in the recent Special Session. The at the Seventh Special Session. My Govern­ forebears. developing nations of Africa, Asta and La.tin ment was pleased that our suggestions formed America are claiming more control over their the basis for a highly signlficant consensus economic destiny and a greater share 1n among the developed and developing coun­ UNITED STATES-AFRICA POLICY global prosperity. tries, which we hope will mark the end o~ a AND RHODESIAN SANCTIONS Africa. continues to face enormous prob­ period of fruitless confrontation and mIS­ lems. The trials of econoinic development, understandlng. exacerbated by the problems of the world Our major aims are: HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. economy and the exorbitant rises in the To make developing countries more secure price of oil, continue to pose challenges for against drastic economic diffi.cul ties arising OF MICHIGAN African nations, despite the progress they from cycllcal declines in export earnings and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have made. The arbitrary boundaries estab­ in food production; . Thursday, October 2, 1975 lished by the colonial powers left many Af­ To accelerate economic growth by impr~v­ rican countries vulnerable to ethnic strife. ing their access to capital, technology, and Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, the last full Social change and development-as it suc­ management skills; . week in September saw two contradic­ ceeds-challenges national unity and cul­ To provide special treatment to improve tory developments with respect to our tural.identity far more profoundly than other their <>pportunit1es In trading relatiOJ¥l> country's relations with Africa. · In a nations have experienced. The job of nation­ . To make commodity markets function. tµQ~ bullding in Africa is forinidable indeed. smoothly and beneftclally for both producers speech before the Organization of Afri­ The people of this country wish you well, and consumers; .and . . . . can Unity. OAU, Foreign Ministers on and otre1· you our help. To devote special attention to the urgent September 23, Secretary of St~te Kis·­ There is growlng interest in America. in needs of the poorest countries. singer spelled out current U.S. :Policy African·issues and African problems. Tradi­ our proposals apply to all developing coun­ toward Africa. He made the .following tionally America has been dedicated to inde­ tries. But many of them are particularly. ap- statement on Rh9desian sanctions: . pendence and· self~determinatien and to the propriate to Africa: · . .The United States intends to adhere SC:!'.U­ i·ights of man. We were strong advocates of . Sixteen of the world's twenty-flve l~ast . pqlously to the economic ~nci;ions · decoloniZat16ll since" the ·beginning of the developed countries a.re in Africa. our. bll~t­ UN's era.1 asslstanoe ·pregran>. ts tncreaa1.ngly .cou­ .against Rhodesia. Prei;ld~nt Ford and. his ~n­ postwar period. The special ldentttlcatlon o-f black Americans wi:th thelr.Aftlcan heritage ·-centrateci: on the least .de-veloped • .Abo:ve and . tire Aam,1n.lstra.tlon. contHt~e to ~ge rep~al beyond our emergency asslstan.41& to the -Qf. the Amendment and expec~s- ~.ls _intensifies Qttr belier:· a!-1~ our will to dem- :J3Ytd. · . • • .. October 2, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31561 Sahellan drought area, our regular aid appro­ would legitimize South Africa's administra­ that as we respect your interests, are mindful priation for Africa this fiscal year reflects tion of the territory. We repeatedly have of your rights and sympathize With your con­ an increase of about 60 percent over last protested violations of the rights of black cerns, you give us the same consideration. Let year. Nainibians by the authorities there. us base our relations on mutual respect. Let We expect African countries to benefit As I indicated in my address yesterday, we us address our differences openly and as particularly from the Development Security believe that all Namibians should be given friends, in the recognition that only by co­ Facility which we propose to create in the the opportunity to express their views free· operation can we achieve the aspirations of International Monetary Fund to counter ly, and under UN supervision, on the politi­ our peoples. drastic shortfalls in export earnings for econ­ cal and constitutional structure of their Let us be guided by the flexibility and the omies which are particularly dependent on a country. We have expressed this view con­ spirit of conciliation which were so evident few, highly volatile primary commodities. sistently to South Africa. We will continue during the Special Session. Let us replace the But stabilizing earnings is not enough. The to do so. We welcome public statements of sterility of confrontation With the promise Un ited States supports measures to improve South African leaders that they accept the inherent in our collaboration. Let us search markets for individual commodities-includ­ principle of independence and self-deter­ dlligently for areas of agreements, and strive ing coffee, cocoa, and copper-which are so mination for Namibia. to overcome any misunderstandings. important to Africa. For the past decade, Rhodesia has been a Strengthening the relationship between We also propose to double our bilateral major international issue. The maintenance the United States and Africa is a major ob­ assistance to expand agricultural production. by force of an illegal regime based on white jective of American policy. We support your We will raise our proposed contribution to supremacy ls of deep concern to African self-deterinination, sovereignty and territo­ the African Development Fund to $25 mil­ governments and to my Government. Over rial integrity. We want to help you ln your lion. the past year, the United States has watched efforts to develop your econoinies and im­ In addition to the proposals we made to with sympathy the attempt to negotiat.e a prove the well being of your people. Like the United Nations, the United States has peaceful solution in Rhodesia. We have noted, yours, our belief in racial justice is unalter­ attempted to mobilize international support in particular, the statesmanlike efforts of the able. for a coordinated, long-term development leaders of African countries--especially The nations of Africa will have a major program to provide basic economic security President Kaunda, Prime Minister Vorster, part in determining whether this wlll come to for the Sa.helian countries. We have sup­ President Kha.ma, President Nyerere and pass. America has many ties to Africa and ported this effort already With massive President Machel-to avert violence and a deep commitment to its future. assistance of more than $100 million. bloodshed. We would encourage them to con­ It ts my profound hope that this session tinue in their difficult task of bringing the TRADE AND INVESTMENT of the General Assembly wlll be remembered parties together. as a time when we began to come together The key to sustaining development over The United States intends to adhere scru­ as truly united nations, a time when we the long run ts expanded trade and invest­ pulously to the UN's econoinic sanctions earnestly searched for reasons to agree, a time ment. Growing exports of manufactured as against Rhodesia. President Ford and his en· when the interdependence of mankind began well as primary products generate the for­ tire Administration continue to urge repeal to be fully understood. eign exchange needed to buy the imports to of the Byrd Amendment and expects this Will Ladies and gentlemen, please raise your fuel further development. The United States be accomplished during the current session glasses with me in a toast to the future of provides a large and growing market for the of the Congress. Africa, the Organization of African Unity, products of African countries. Our trade UNIVERSALITY and the United Nations in a world of peace. with Africa had grown to about $8 blllion in The United Nations has tried in various 1974, almost eight times its volume in 1960. [From the New York Times, Sept. 29, 1975) The rapid implementation of the United ways to exert a positive influence on change States generalized system of preferences in Southern Africa. I should add, however, FOR WHICH WE STAND that we have opposed, and wlll continue to l(By Anthony Lewis) should spell even greater expansion ill the oppose, actions that are incompatible with years to come. the UN Charter. In particular, we will not BosToN, September 28.-The House of American private investment has been a retreat from our opposition to the expulsion Representatives has been reformed: So we valuable source of the capital, management, of any member of the United Nations. We read earller this year. New members have and technology that are essential to African believe this would be contrary to the best driven the dinosaurs from power and brought development. Direct United States invest­ interests and effectiveness of this Organiza­ a spirit of reason into that once cynical place. ment in Africa has increased more than four tion. Universality is a fundamental principle The House can at last play its rightful part times since 1960. that we stand for in this body. The Char­ in making national policy. We are encouraged by these striking in­ ter's provisions for members' full exercise of Anyone who believes that should look at creases in the magnitude and relative im­ their prerogatives are another. We do not be­ the Congressional Record for last Thursday, portance of trade and investment relation­ lieve that these principles can be ignored ln Sept. 26. The House that day debated a bill ships between the United States and inde­ one case and applied in another. This ts why, to repeal an existing law, the so-called Byrd pendent black Africa. We expect this trend despite our disapproval of South Africa's Amendment that requires the United States to continue, and we will do what we can to policies, we do not belleve this Organization to buy Rhodesian chrome in violation of assw·e that it does so. can afford to start down the path of ex­ United Nations sanctions. The repeal bill SOUTHERN AFRICA cluding members because of criticism of lost, 209 to 187. Economic progress is of utmost importance their domestic policies. It was a debate out of what we might to Africa, but at the same time, the political FORME& PORTUGUESE TERRITORIES have thought was some primitive past. challenges of the continent. particularly the Xenophobia and racism were the inarticu­ Since we last sat down together, three late premises, distortion and bluster the issue of Southern Africa, summon the urgent more African nations-Mozambique, Sao attention of the world community. method. The subject was not one to make Tome and Principe, and Cape Verde-have headlines, but the level of the argument­ We believe that these problems can and become independent. We welcome them to must be solved. They should be solved peace­ the contemptible level-told much about the the United Nations family and we look for­ state of the House. fully. We are mindful of the Lusaka Mani­ ward to establishing regular relations With festo, which combines a commitment to hu- them. We stand ready to assist in their eco- Rhodesia is not a very complicated place . man dignity and equality with a clear un­ nomic development. · to understand. It has a population of 270,000 derstanding of what ts a realistic and hope­ But I want to say a cautionary word about whites and 5,700,000 black Africans. The tiny ful approach to this profound challenge. . Angola. Events in Angola have taken a dis­ white minority has total power. The blacks No problem is more complex than the racial tressing turn, With widespread violence. We a.re barred by law from most of the country's issues in South Africa itself. My country's are most alarmed at the interference of fertile land; few can vote; black workers convictions on apartheid are well known. It e:rtra-continental powers who do not wish earn many times less than white. Ian Smith, is contrary to all we believe ln and stand Africa well, and whose involvement is incon­ the Prime Minister who declared Rhodesia for. The United States position has been sistent with the promise of true independ­ independent of Britain 10 years ago, has long-standing, and consistent. We note that ence. We believe a fair and peaceful solution repeatedly said that the majority will not be the Wind of change continues to blow, in­ must be negotiated, giving all groups repre­ allowed to rule "in my.lifetime." exorably. The signs of change that are visible senting the Angolan people a fair role in its A principal ·Opponent of the House bill in South Africa must be encouraged and ac-. future. was l_iep. John ~. : Dent, Democrat of Pennsyl.­ celerated. We are pleased to see the construc­ THE SPmIT OF COOPERATION vania. He had made a trip to Rhodesia., and tive measures taken by African governments he offered h1a colleagues these profundities: to promote better relations and peaceful Ladies and Gentlemen, Colleagues: Twenty years ago there were only three in­ "His (Ian Smith's) avowed purpose, and change. We believe change ls inevitable, and we can read this in their constitution if efforts to ·promote a progressive and peace­ dependent African States. Today you com­ prise more than one-third of the membership we want to read it, ts to educate the blacks ful evolution will have our support. ln Rhodesia to take over Rhodesia as a The United States also continues to sup­ of the United Nations. Africa's numbers and port the International Court of Justice's ad­ resources and the energies of its peoples government. . . . Is there any person in this visory opinion of 1971 afllrming the General have given Africa a strong and important room that believes we can have one-man, Assembly's 1966 decision whlch terminated role in world affairs. one-vote, with equality of any klnd, when the South Mrican mandate over Namibia. We do not expect you to be ln concert with they practice polygamy? ••- • It 18 the only The United. States wlll take no steps that us on all international Issues. We ask only African country before the revolution in that 311562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 19l.; country that as a part of its economy every tions bill be available for the Central In­ Soviet Union and Red China do not re­ black gets paid the same wage as a white." telligence Agency. This amendment was Rhodesian lobbyists were matched in skill lease the amount that they spend on in­ by those· for American companies eager to offered for the purpose of determining telligence activities. This is so obvious use cheap Rhodesian chrome. The United sentiment within the House as to whether I fail to understand why they bring it States has a large chrome stockpile; the Ford the CIA ought to be subject to improved up. These countries do a number of Administration had endorsed the bill as con­ congressional ove1·sight. This passage of things differently from us. I~ for one, ·Lstent with the national security. But the this amendment would enable Mr. GIAIMO would not encow·age other members to debate was larded with the lobbyists' argu­ to introduce a second amendment which look to then· example for methods of run­ ment that we would be imperiled if we relied would reintroduce the budget for the CIA ning a government. Ours is an open so­ on the main alternative source of chrome, by saying that the CIA budget equaled the Soviet Union. Rep. Steven D. Symms, ciety, and we should continue to operate Republican of Idaho, added that the b1ll x number of dollars. under this system to the maximum, con­ would cost American workers "between 2,- I voted for this amendment in order sistent with our true security require­ 027,000 to 16,700,000 man-hours as thousands that we might accept the fiscal respon:. ments. of employes a.re laid off in the steel industry." sibility that the Constitution confers In light of these considerations, I Such arguments would be funny if they upon us. I cite article I, section 9 of the think it's time that the total autonomy had not been made on the winning side of Constitution which states: of the CIA be brought to an end. There the debate-and if the effects were not likely No money shall be drawn from the Treasury must be accountability for all agencies to be so serious. but in consequence of appropriation made by of the U.S. Government. This amend­ It is fair enough to denounce the follies law. of the United Nations. But we are committed ment is a step toward bringing this agen­ by treaty to observe Security Council resolu­ Second, the Constitution requires cy under effective control both executive tions, which after all we have a chance to that- and legislative. I support this amend­ veto. It will be a little more awkward, from A regular statement and account of receipts ment in order that we might exercise here on, for Pat Moynihan to lecture other and expenditures of all public monies shall be greater congressional scrutiny and over­ U.N. members about their contempt for law published from time to time. sight of intelligence activities. Thereby, and international comity. It ls true that keeping in check abuses of CIA powers, awful things have happened tn Burundi and The CIA seems to be above the law in in order that we might better protect the Uganda and elsewhere without U.N. sanc­ this respect; presently it is not required tions, and true also that sanctions rarely righm of U.S. citizens. If this is, in fact, to comply with this constitutional man­ to be a government of laws, we must put work. But it does not follow that we should date. stand apart when, for once, the world can an end to the uncontrolled action of the agree to do something a.bout a discrete evil. Let me addl·ess the major objection to CIA. The Congress must accept its con­ And sanctions are gradually beginning to improved congressional oversight of the stitutional responsibility by providing exert effective pressure for peaceful change CIA. Critics claim that public disclosure for meaningful oversight of our intelli­ in Rhodesia.. of the CIA budget would be useful t-0 gence agency and by making it account­ The irony is that helping Ian Smith to enemy intelligence organizations. I sub­ able to the American taxpayer. hold out a little longer will only increase the mit, that such disclosure would come as likelihood of violent change-and damage no surprise to any enemies of the United to Western interests in Rhodesia, in chrome HOW A TOUGH JUDGE HANDLES ore and everything else. The South African States. The fact of the matter is that the Government sees that and is desperately try­ governments of the Peoples Republic of GUN CRIME ing to arrange a transition to majority rule China and the Soviet Union know more in Rhodesia.. It is more enlightened, more about the amount of money spent on the HON. JACK F. KEMP sensible, than the U.S. House of Representa­ CIA than do the American taxpayers. tives. It has even been indicated by people in OF :NEW YORK It was especially painful to see some of the the CIA that this is not the primary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~""TATIVES names voting Nay on that bill. There were reason for their objections. The i·eal Thursday# October 21 1975 some of the Southerners who were so effec­ tive in the Judiciary Committee's impeach­ reason being, they would like to continue Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the two re­ ment inquiry last year-James Mann, Walter as an autonomous agency of the execu­ cent attempts on President Ford's life Flowers, Ray Thornton, Caldwell Butler-and tive branch of Government free from have occasioned some very deep and two of the Northern Republicans, Hamilton congressional scrutiny. I should also like searching questions about the quality of Fish, Jr. and Robert McClory. And two sen­ to point out to those fearful of weakening our crime control systems across the ior New York Democrats, Samuel S. Strat­ national security that the Atomic Energy ton and James J. Delaney. And a Democrat United States, and about the nature of Commission has had its lump sum appro­ the crimes themselves. particularly respected as a lawyer, Richard­ priation printed as a matter of public son Preyer of North Caroltna, who in his In the past two decades crime has in­ speech against the bill sounded embarrassed. record for some time. This has not led t.o creased in direct proportion to the grow­ Of course the House is not to be judged the disclosure of national secrets, no1· ing permissiveness on the part of the alone for such a performance. It speaks for has it endangered the security of this courts and the lawmakers, who care the country. Did it reflect us fairly? Is that country. more about the welfare of the hardened \Vhat we have become after six yea.rs of As we all know, there has been quite a criminal than the safety of his defense­ foreign-policy leadership obsessed by power, bit of controversy in recent months re­ indifferent to humanity, without scruple of less victim. Only a fraction of the law­ garding the activities of the CIA. In breakers brought to court today are ever bombs or lives? Or what pressures lead a good particular, there has been concern with man like Richardson Preyer to vote that way? convicted, and thousands more escape We should not meddle in another coun­ its domestic activities, which have trial through legal "loopholes" or tech­ try's affairs, said one Congressman, sounding ranged from keeping files on U.S. citizens nical violations in the original arrest. like Henry Kissinger. But we do meddle, by to the opening of mail of U.S. Presidents. Mr. Speaker, it is time we began hold­ force and conspiracy. The question is when Much of our knowledge of these activities ing criminals accountable for theil· ac­ and how we should express the old American is derived from the investigations of tions, as the actions of rational human ideals, which still matter to many people Watergate. I think we all should have In the world. beings who wilfully violate the rights of learned fwm Watergate that nothing is decent citizens to live free of fear any­ more threatening or dangerous to a where in America. IMPROVING CONGRESSIONAL democracy than unbridled, unchecked, I believe that the best way to stop the OVERSIGHT OF THE CIA an-ogant power. The publication of the rampage of violent crime is to impose budget does not jeopardize national se­ a severe deterrent upon the criminal to curity, but rather it strengthens it by in­ discourage him from committing the HON. JOSEPH D. EARLY suring that Congress, through its over­ crime in the first place. Presently per­ OF MASSACHUSE'ITS sight functions, can eliminate some of sons convicted of armed robbery are very IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the abuses of power which the agency often put on p1·obation for a first of­ . Thursday, October 2, 1975 has been guilty of in the past. These fense-in effect not punished at all. I be­ Mr. EARLY. Mr. Speaker, today I abuses, in my judgment, are far more lieve that we must have mandatory sen­ voted for the amendment offered by Mr. threatening to our system of government tences for any c1ime committed with a · GIAIMO of Connecticut. This amendment than any line item figure. firearm, so that potential criminals will would provide that none of the funds in Other critics of this amendment have think twice before ·attempting to accost the Department of Defense appropria- pointed out that countries such as the innocent citize11s at the point of a gun. October 3, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 31563 That is why I have cosponsored H.R. JUDGE TOUGH ON GUNMEN believes the weapon is real, the armed r-0b­ 8697, a bill to require that any criminal (By Pat Leisner) bery charge may apply. First offenders are shown no mercy and convicted of using a fu·earm during the BARTOW, FLA.-Oliver Green Jr. is a judge a sentence of probation for a gun-toting course of a felony be sentenced to a with a fancy for guns and an intolerance for misuse of them. stickup ma.n ts out of the question. A 10- minimum of 2 years in prison for a first year minimum 1s more like it when Green o:tfense in addition to whatever penalty An active member of rifie and pistol clubs, is on the bench. he is known for his collection of 40 to 50 the judge shall confer, with the penalties :firearms and his stiff sentences for armed "I would like to p1·eserve for law-abiding increasing proportionately for every sub­ people the right to bear arms in their de­ wrongdoers. fense and defense of their home,'' said the sequent armed criminal o:tfense and "I am a gun enthusiast. I consider it my without the chance of a suspended sen­ crew-cut father of three daughters. "And prime hobby," Green said. I would like to preserve the right of sports­ tence. "I am disappointed with what people do with guns and I crack down on it. How to men. To do this, I feel severe penalties should Mr. Speaker, last Sunday's Buffalo be dealt to those who misuse firearms." Courier Express included an article on deal with the element of people who misuse One man convicted of three armed robber­ one man who is already carrying out the it is my problem and I deal with it sternly." ies pulled two life sentences and 50 years. 42, intent of this b111 with considerable suc­ Green, frequently sends armed robbers The reason he only got half a century on the to jail for life when they appear before him third charge was because a visiting judge cess by imposing obligatory sti:tf sen­ in Polk County Circuit Court. It doesn't tences on all crimes committed with the handled it. matter if the weapon used was only a water Green worries about the growing use of use of a firearm, Judge Oliver Green, Jr., pistol. guns in crime. of Bartow, Fla. I would like to enter this "That's immaterial," said G1·een. "If a "The place is going hog-wild. Look at what article into the RECORD for the benefit person has a gun and commits a felony, happened to President Ford," he said. that's fine with me. He's treated as such­ It the two accused assassins of Ford were of all who believe that mandat.ol'Y sen­ even if it's plastic." tences for al'Ined felony, rather than convicted. and brought to h1m for sentenc­ Under Florida law, a person can be charged ing, Green said, they would be put away for arbitral'Y gun control, is the most ef­ with armed robbery if the victim tea.rs tor life in a maximum security prison with no fective dete1Tent to violent crime: his lite, the judge explained. It the vtcttm hope of ever being free again.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, October 3, 1975

The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. S. 2375. An act to extend the Federal In­ METCALF, Mr. ABOUREZK, Mr. McCLURE, The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch. secticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and Mr. BARTLETT to be the conferees D .D., o:tfered the following prayer: as amended, for 3 months. on the part of the Senate. He looked for a city which hath foun­ The message also announced that the The message also announced that the dations, uihose builder and maker is Senate had passed with amendments in Senate had passed a b111 of the follow­ God.-Hebrews 11: 10. which the concurrence of the House is ing title, in which the concurrence of the Almighty Father, we who come from requested, a bill of the House of the fol­ House is requested: di:tferent backgrounds and are members lowing title: S. 286. An act to authorize additional of different groups, lift our hea1·ts unto H.R. 7706. An act to suspend the duty on judgeships for the U.S. courts of appeals. Thee in this, our morning prayer. Thou natural graphite until the close of June 30, 1978. art our Father and we are Thy children. PERSONAL EXPLANATION Help us to find our oneness in Thee. For­ The message also announced that the give the misunderstandings, the suspi­ Senate insists upon its amendments to (Mr. FUQUA asked and was given per­ cions, and the ill will which separate us the bill making appropriations for the De­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE appoints Mr. CANNON, Mr. STENNIS, Mr. partment of Housing and Urban De­ SYMINGTON, Mr. NUNN, Mr. GARY w. velopment, and for sundry independent A message from the Senate by Mr. HART, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. METCALF, Mr. executive agencies, boards, bureaus, Span-ow, one of its clerks, a.nnounced HASKELL, Mr. TIIuRMOND, Mr. WILLIAllil commissions, corporations, and offices that the Senate had passed without L. SCOTT, Mr. TAFT, Mr. HANSEN, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, amendment a bill of the House of the Mr. BARTLETT to be the conferees on the and the period ending September 30, following title: part of the Senate. 1976, and for other purPoses, and ask H .R. 9600. An act to rescind certain budget The message also announced that the unanimous consent that the statement of authority recommended in the message of Senate insists upon its amendments to thJ managers be read in lieu of the the President of July 26, 1975 (H. Doc. 94-< the bill