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Teachers' Resource Pack Teachers’ resource pack - resource Teachers’ NORWICH CASTLE NORWICH CATHEDRAL THE GREAT HOSPITAL THE HALLS THE GUILDHALL DRAGON HALL THE ASSEMBLY HOUSE ST JAMES MILL ST JOHN’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL SURREY HOUSE CITY HALL NORWICH CASTLE THE FORUM Key Stage 3 (KS3) Local History, Geography and Citizenship NORWICH 12 AN INTRODUCTION Norwich 12 brings together 12 of which will act as an internationally important Norwich’s most iconic heritage showcase of English urban and cultural buildings as the UK’s finest collection development over the last 1,000 years. of individually outstanding heritage buildings spanning the Norman, One of the key aims of the Norwich 12 project medieval, Georgian, Victorian and is to support learning and education and this modern eras. The group consists of: education pack is one of a suite of resources Norwich Castle, Norwich Cathedral, developed around the 12 buildings. For more The Great Hospital, The Halls - St information about other education resources Andrew’s and Blackfriars’- The available and Norwich 12 in general please visit Guildhall, Dragon Hall, The Assembly www.norwich12.co.uk or call HEART on 01603 House, St James Mill, St John’s Roman 305575. Catholic Cathedral, Surrey House, City Hall and The Forum. Norwich 12 is a pioneering heritage concept which is an initiative by Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust (HEART), a private, charitable trust set up to strategically plan, manage, regenerate and promote Norwich’s heritage and to be a best practice exemplar internationally for heritage as a social and economic regeneration vehicle. The Norwich 12 initiative is supported by funding from the Treasury’s Invest to Save Budget. The overall aim is to develop the 12 iconic buildings into an integrated family of heritage attractions Contacts Bookings line: 01603 493 636 Learning and Access Officer: Kathryn Moore 01603 495 891 [email protected] CONTENTS Norwich Castle timeline 4 The 1075 Rebellion 5 Building the castle 6 Henry I visits the castle 7 Roger Bigod’s Rebellion 8 Living in the castle 9 The refacing of the keep 10 From castle to gaol 11 Norwich Castle museum 12 Norwich Castle FAQs 13 Norwich Castle Statistics 14 Activity: Storming the castle 15 Activity: Medieval Christmas event 18 For more information about activites please contact Kathryn Moore on 01603 495 891 or at [email protected]. In addition to the events included in this pack the following are also available on request: Medieval object handling session (45 mins) Keep tour (45 mins). 10671067 1822-27 The Normans demolished The prison block outside at least 98 Saxon homes the keep was demolished to make way for the Norwich Castle and the architect William Norwich Castle earth- Wilkins designed another works Timeline new gaol 12151215 -16-16 1792-931792-93 20012001 The sieges of Norwich The architect Sir Norwich Castle was John Soane designed re-launched after a Castle at the time of the Heritage Lottery 10661066 rebellion of Roger Bigod, and built a new gaol, Battle both inside and around funded refurbishment, of Hastings Earl of Norfolk the keep creating a museum for the 21st century 4 11001100 13001300 15001500 17001700 1900 10001000 12001200 14001400 16001600 18001800 2000 10751075 14th Century 18341834 Lady Emma and From the 14th century, The architect Anthony the 1075 rebellion the military importance Salvin began refacing the of Norwich Castle castle with Bath declined and it was used limestone instead as the county gaol 11211121 18941894 2006 The stone keep, begun The Castle was converted The Norwich Heritage by William II in 1094 was into a museum Economic and Regeneration completed in 1121 by Trust (HEART) includes Henry I, who visited the Norwich Castle in its castle in that year Norwich 12 initiative NORWICH CASTLE - Timeline THE 1075 REBELLION Norwich Castle was the centre was away in Normandy. Lanfranc of rebellion in 1075. This did not set about crushing the rebellion involve Saxons against Normans, as ruthlessly. you would expect, but instead was mainly Norman versus Norman. The Ralph fled to his home castle in Doc, rebellion broke whilst William the Brittany. He left his wife, Emma to Conqueror was away in Normandy. stay behind and defend Norwich Ralph de Guader, the Norman Earl Castle. The siege lasted for three of East Anglia, married Emma, a long months. Emma led the soldiers daughter of another Norman baron. well, organising their forces and At the wedding feast, three Norman boosting morale. However finally, a barons plotted to take control of deal was struck between Lanfranc William’s kingdom because they were and Emma, and her soldiers accepted unhappy with how the kingdom was safe passage to Brittany. Lanfranc run. They appealed to the Danes to then garrisoned the Castle with 300 send a fleet of ships to help them of his soldiers, and crushed the and the Danes agreed. They also rebels. Waltheof was beheaded and invited one of the last Saxon earls, the others lost their limbs. The Danes Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, to join sailed but never landed. The rebellion in, and he, too agreed. This created was at an end. a powerful coalition against William’s rule. Ralph de Guader marched from Norwich to join the barons but found his way blocked by Archbishop Lanfranc’s army. Lanfranc was Regent for William while the king 5 BUILDING THE CASTLE From about 1067, the Normans part of the Castle Mall. The Keep demolished at least 98 Saxon homes itself has a height of about 21.5m; its in Norwich. This was to make way for walls were built to withstand attack, the castle earthworks within which and are about 3 metres thick at the - Explanatory notes they built a wooden fort, surrounded base, and gradually tapering, as by deep, defensive, dry ditches. they get higher. The original doorway They installed a garrison of soldiers to the Keep is on the first floor on to keep law and order and prevent its eastern side. This doorway is rebellion, under William the protected by a forebuilding called Conqueror who now ruled. Bigod Tower, built by and named Once the motte, or mound, had after Hugh Bigod, twelfth century settled, William (Rufus) II began to constable of the castle. build the stone Keep in about 1094. Following William’s death in 1100, his brother Henry I succeeded him, and NORWICH CASTLE completed the Keep by 1121. If you had visited the Castle at this time, you would first have gone through a large gateway, sited near to what is now Prospect House. This gateway would have brought you into the Bailey; an area that now forms 6 HENRY I VISITS THE CASTLE In 1121 Henry, son of William the personal tragedy he had experienced, Conqueror celebrated Christmas at when his only legitimate son, William, Norwich Castle. By the time of his was drowned in the wreck of the visit to Norwich, a lot of opposition White Ship on passage to Normandy. to Norman rule had died down, and 1121 was also the year that the Henry did not have to face the same stone keep, begun by William II, was kind of difficulties that his father completed, replacing the original and brother, William II, had faced. “motte and bailey” castle, made of However, in Norwich, there would wood. still have been a lingering resentment at the Norman occupation and some would have remembered the Conqueror’s cruelty when the castle was first build. Nevertheless by the time of Henry’s visit to Norwich, most people willingly accepted him as king and there was a lot of sympathy for him at this time as a result of the 7 ROGER BIGOD’S REBELLION In 1214, a serious crisis began to them, leaving his brother Thomas de arise between King John and his Burgh to defend the castle. Hubert Barons. Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and his forces however failed to and Constable of Norwich Castle, prevent Louis’s army making progress - Explanatory notes chose to side with the rebellious towards Norwich Castle. Lacking the barons. Because of his decision, forces to help his defence, Thomas Norwich Castle was seized, taken fled the castle, hoping to escape, from him, and entrusted to William but he was captured as Louis Marshall (Earl of Pembroke) and John approached. Louis seized the castle Fitzherbert. These two men became and plundered the town, putting joint constables of the castle. By his own garrison into the castle 1216, King John had died; the and making William Beaumont his constables were again replaced by constable. Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent- the great Judiciary. However, in the same year (1217), NORWICH CASTLE Louis was forced to quit the realm, The rebellious barons then and Hubert de Burgh took approached Prince Louis, the repossession of the castle. Then French King’s son, persuading him Henry III became king and was to become the King of England. reconciled with Roger Bigod. Bigod Louis and his forces took arms and was once again instated as Constable marched on Norwich, 1216. As at Norwich before his death in 1221. Louis and his forces neared Norwich Hubert de Burgh marched towards 8 LIVING IN THE CASTLE Norwich Castle was originally built as From the 14th to 19th century the a royal palace, but no Norman kings castle was the county gaol. ever lived in it. However, the King’s From the 14th century, the military Constable and a garrison of soldiers importance of Norwich Castle would have been stationed here. declined. It began to be used instead as a holding place for prisoners. It Although the keep has been much was to remain a prison for at least altered over time, a small kitchen, a 500 years.
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