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TANZIMAT in the PROVINCE: NATIONALIST SEDITION (FESAT), BANDITRY (EŞKİYA) and LOCAL COUNCILS in the OTTOMAN SOUTHERN BALKANS (1840S to 1860S)
TANZIMAT IN THE PROVINCE: NATIONALIST SEDITION (FESAT), BANDITRY (EŞKİYA) AND LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE OTTOMAN SOUTHERN BALKANS (1840s TO 1860s) Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde einer Doktorin der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel von ANNA VAKALIS aus Thessaloniki, Griechenland Basel, 2019 Buchbinderei Bommer GmbH, Basel Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch ANNA VAKALIS, ‘TANZIMAT IN THE PROVINCE: NATIONALIST SEDITION (FESAT), BANDITRY (EŞKİYA) AND LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE OTTOMAN SOUTHERN BALKANS (1840s TO 1860s)’ Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Basel, auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Maurus Reinkowski und Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yonca Köksal (Koç University, Istanbul). Basel, den 05/05/2017 Der Dekan Prof. Dr. Thomas Grob 2 ANNA VAKALIS, ‘TANZIMAT IN THE PROVINCE: NATIONALIST SEDITION (FESAT), BANDITRY (EŞKİYA) AND LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE OTTOMAN SOUTHERN BALKANS (1840s TO 1860s)’ TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………..…….…….….7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………...………..………8-9 NOTES ON PLACES……………………………………………………….……..….10 INTRODUCTION -Rethinking the Tanzimat........................................................................................................11-19 -Ottoman Province(s) in the Balkans………………………………..…….………...19-25 -Agency in Ottoman Society................…..............................................................................25-35 CHAPTER 1: THE STATE SETTING THE STAGE: Local Councils -
1768-1830S a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate
A PLAGUE ON BOTH HOUSES?: POPULATION MOVEMENTS AND THE SPREAD OF DISEASE ACROSS THE OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN BLACK SEA FRONTIER, 1768-1830S A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Andrew Robarts, M.S.F.S. Washington, DC December 17, 2010 Copyright 2010 by Andrew Robarts All Rights Reserved ii A PLAGUE ON BOTH HOUSES?: POPULATION MOVEMENTS AND THE SPREAD OF DISEASE ACROSS THE OTTOMAN-RUSSIAN BLACK SEA FRONTIER, 1768-1830S Andrew Robarts, M.S.F.S. Dissertation Advisor: Catherine Evtuhov, Ph. D. ABSTRACT Based upon a reading of Ottoman, Russian, and Bulgarian archival documents, this dissertation examines the response by the Ottoman and Russian states to the accelerated pace of migration and spread of disease in the Black Sea region from the outbreak of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1768-1774 to the signing of the Treaty of Hünkar Iskelesi in 1833. Building upon introductory chapters on the Russian-Ottoman Black Sea frontier and a case study of Bulgarian population movements between the Russian and Ottoman Empires, this dissertation analyzes Russian and Ottoman migration and settlement policies, the spread of epidemic diseases (plague and cholera) in the Black Sea region, the construction of quarantines and the implementation of travel document regimes. The role and position of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia as the “middle ground” between the Ottoman and Russian Empires -
Temettuat Defterleri'ne Göre
TEMETTUAT DEFTERLERĠ’NE GÖRE ĠSKĠLĠP’ĠN SOSYAL VE EKONOMĠK YAPISI Muhsin ILIK Yüksek Lisans Tezi DanıĢman: Doç. Dr. Hasan BABACAN Ocak 2011 Afyonkarahisar T.C AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNÜVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ TARĠH ANABĠLĠM DALI YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ TEMETTUAT DEFTERLERĠ’NE GÖRE ĠSKĠLĠP’ĠN SOSYAL VE EKONOMĠK YAPISI Hazırlayan Muhsin ILIK DanıĢman Doç. Dr. Hasan BABACAN AFYONKARAHĠSAR 2011 YEMĠN METNĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum “TEMETTUAT DEFTERLERĠNE GÖRE ĠSKĠLĠP‟ĠN SOSYAL VE EKONOMĠK YAPISI” adlı çalıĢmanın, tarafımdan bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düĢecek bir yardıma baĢvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin Kaynakça‟da gösterilen eserlerden oluĢtuğunu bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanmıĢ olduğumu belirtir ve bunu onurumla doğrularım. 07/01/2011 Muhsin ILIK ii iii ÖZET TEMETTUAT DEFTERLERĠNE GÖRE ĠSKĠLĠP’ĠN SOSYAL VE EKONOMĠK YAPISI Muhsin ILIK AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ TARĠH ANABĠLĠM DALI Ocak 2011 TEZ DANIġMANI: Doç. Dr. Hasan BABACAN Ankara Eyaleti Çorum Sancağı sınırları dâhilinde bulunan Ġskilip Kazası‟nın XIX. Yüzyıl ortalarındaki sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik yapısı ele alınmıĢtır. Kullanılan temel kaynak, Temettuat Defterleri (ML_VRD_TMT_d_ 748, 749, 750, 16530, 16624, 17365) olup inceleme sonucunda Ġskilip Kazasına ait (1844-1845) demografik yapısı, tarım, hayvancılık, iĢçilik ve ticaretle ilgili faaliyetleri ve bu faaliyetlerden elde edilen gelirler ile birlikte vergilerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. Bu günkü Çorum ili sınırları içinde yer alan Ġskilip, Eski Yunan ve Bizanslılara kadar olan tarihi dönem içerisinde Kara Denize ulaĢan ticaret yollarının kavĢak noktasında bulunan, son derece önemli yerleĢim yerlerinden bir olarak karĢımıza çıkmaktadır. Nüfus, tarım arazileri, tarımsal üretim, hayvan sayıları gibi bilgilerle birlikte, meslekler, sülaleler ve ödenen vergi miktarlarının da tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. Ġskilip daha çok tarım ve hayvancılıkla uğraĢan ve belgelerden de anlaĢılacağı üzere nüfusunun tamamı Müslüman olan bir Osmanlı kazasıdır. -
Ottoman History of South-East Europe by Markus Koller
Ottoman History of South-East Europe by Markus Koller The era of Ottoman Rule, which began in the fourteenth century, is among the most controversial chapters of South-East European history. Over several stages of conquest, some of them several decades long, large parts of South-Eastern Europe were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire, or brought under its dominion. While the Ottomans had to surrender the territories north of the Danube and the Sava after the Peace Treaty of 1699, the decline of Ot- toman domination began only in the nineteenth century. Structures of imperial power which had been implemented in varying forms and intensity in different regions were replaced by emerging nation states in the nineteenth century. The development of national identities which accompanied this transformation was greatly determined by the new states distancing themselves from Ottoman rule, and consequently the image of "Turkish rule" has been a mainly negative one until the present. However, latest historical research has shown an increasingly differentiated image of this era of South-East European history. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Military and Political Developments 2. The Timar System 3. Ottoman Provincial Administration 1. Regional Differences in the Ottoman Provincial Administration 4. Islamisation 5. Catholic Christianity, Orthodox Christianity and Judaism 6. Urban Life 7. Appendix 1. Bibliography 2. Notes Indices Citation Military and Political Developments The Ottoman Empire had its roots in North-West Anatolia where in the thirteenth century the Ottoman Emirate was one of numerous minor Turkmen princedoms.1 The expansion of territory started under the founder of the dynasty, Osman (ca. -
Letters from Vidin: a Study of Ottoman Governmentality and Politics of Local Administration, 1864-1877
LETTERS FROM VIDIN: A STUDY OF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTALITY AND POLITICS OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, 1864-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Mehmet Safa Saracoglu ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carter Vaughn Findley, Adviser Professor Jane Hathaway ______________________ Professor Kenneth Andrien Adviser History Graduate Program Copyright by Mehmet Safa Saracoglu 2007 ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the local administrative practices in Vidin County during 1860s and 1870s. Vidin County, as defined by the Ottoman Provincial Regulation of 1864, is the area that includes the districts of Vidin (the administrative center), ‛Adliye (modern-day Kula), Belgradcık (Belogradchik), Berkofça (Bergovitsa), İvraca (Vratsa), Rahova (Rahovo), and Lom (Lom), all of which are located in modern-day Bulgaria. My focus is mostly on the post-1864 period primarily due to the document utilized for this dissertation: the copy registers of the county administrative council in Vidin. Doing a close reading of these copy registers together with other primary and secondary sources this dissertation analyzes the politics of local administration in Vidin as a case study to understand the Ottoman governmentality in the second half of the nineteenth century. The main thesis of this study contends that the local inhabitants of Vidin effectively used the institutional framework of local administration ii in this period of transformation in order to devise strategies that served their interests. This work distances itself from an understanding of the nineteenth-century local politics as polarized between a dominating local government trying to impose unprecedented reforms designed at the imperial center on the one hand, and an oppressed but nevertheless resistant people, rebelling against the insensitive policies of the state on the other. -
Communal Relations in Izmir/Smyrna, 1826-1864: As
COMMUNAL RELATIONS IN ĐZM ĐR/SMYRNA, 1826-1864: AS SEEN THROUGH THE PRISM OF GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS by N. Feryal Tansu ğ A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto Copyright by N. Feryal Tansu ğ 2008 ABSTRACT COMMUNAL RELATIONS IN ĐZM ĐR/SMYRNA, 1826-1864: AS SEEN THROUGH THE PRISM OF GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS by Feryal Tansu ğ Doctor of Philosophy Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2008 This dissertation examines the level of social and cultural interaction between the Greek and Turkish communities of Đzmir and the impact of the centralizing Ottoman reforms on the society of Đzmir during the age of the Ottoman modernization. It focuses on the years between 1826 and 1864 that marked a turning point in the administrative history of the Ottoman Empire. Analyzing this subject requires understanding the social-cultural and economic dynamics of Đzmir that played a crucial role in the formation of the social fabric of the city. Ottoman-Turkish archival material and to some extent Greek newspapers of the time are used as primary sources. The sources discussed in this dissertation demonstrate that the central authority attempted to re- integrate Đzmir into its administrative and political structure in accordance with the centralizing or repressive Tanzimat reforms. However, Tanzimat reforms did not disturb the social cohesion of Đzmir, which the city produced over the centuries with its local character and some peculiar dynamics. The evidence also indicates that the Empire did not aim to mold social relations in Đzmir, instead benefited from city’s already existing social-cultural and economic situation, which was well suited to its modernization program. -
20 CIÉPO Symposium
University of Crete Foundation for Research Department of History and Technology - Hellas and Archaeology Institute for Mediterranean Studies 20th CIÉPO Symposium New Trends in Ottoman Studies Rethymno, Crete, Greece 27 June – 1 July 2012 Organised in collaboration with the Region of Crete, Regional Unit of Rethymno, and the Municipality of Rethymno 1 Organising Committee Gülsün Aksoy-Aivali Antonis Anastasopoulos Elias Kolovos Marinos Sariyannis Honorary Committee Prof. Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont (Honorary President, CIÉPO) Prof. Vassilis Demetriades (Honorary Researcher, IMS/FORTH) Prof. Costas Fotakis (President, FORTH) Prof. Christos Hadziiossif (Director, IMS/FORTH) Prof. Katerina Kopaka (Dean, School of Letters, University of Crete) Ms Maria Lioni (Regional Vice Governor of Crete, Rethymno) Mr Giorgis Marinakis (Mayor of Rethymno) Ass. Prof. Socrates Petmezas (Chair, Department of History and Archaeology, University of Crete) Prof. Euripides G. Stephanou (Rector, University of Crete) Prof. Michael Ursinus (President, CIÉPO) Prof. Elizabeth A. Zachariadou (Honorary Researcher, IMS/FORTH) Symposium Secretariat Eleni Sfakianaki Katerina Stathi Technical Support Alexandros Maridakis Symposium Assistants Marilena Bali Angeliki Garidi Michalis Georgellis Despoina Giannakaki Myrsini Kavalari Georgia Korontzi Alexandra Kriti Christos Kyriakopoulos Giannis Lambrakis Iordanis Panagiotidis Stelios Parlamas Stamatia Partsafa Ioanna Petroulidi Milan Prodanović Panagiota Sfyridaki 2 Panel Abstracts 1. Panels are listed in alphabetical order on the basis of the family name of the panel leader. 2. The names of the other panelists of each panel are listed by order of presentation. 3. The panels’ paper abstracts are listed together with the abstracts of the independent papers in the next section. 3 A. Nükhet Adıyeke (başkan), Nuri Adıyeke, Mehmet Ali Demirbaş, Melike Kara (Wed 27, 16.30, r. -
The Rise of Ottoman Local Notables (Ayan) Eyalet Güçleri: Osmanlı Yerel İleri Gelenlerin Yükselişi (Ayan)
Provincial Powers: The Rise of Ottoman Local Notables (Ayan) Eyalet Güçleri: Osmanlı Yerel İleri Gelenlerin Yükselişi (Ayan) Robert Zens* Abstract: The history of the ayan (local notables) is the socio-economic history of the Ottoman state from the late sixteenth until the nineteenth century. In recent years the ayan have been the subject of numerous studies; however, these works have either been very general in nature or micro-histories of individual ayan. This article studies the ayanlık as a whole by examining a variety of ayan in the Balkans during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, while comparing them to their Anatolian and Arab counterparts. The ayan’s rise to power, sources of revenue, relationship with the central government and other provincial authorities, and their interaction with the local community are central to this comparative study. In doing so, the paper investigates the possibility of creating a model ayan that would supersede geographical boundaries within the Ottoman state. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, eighteenth century, ayan, provinces, notables The history of the ayan (local notables) is the socio-economic history of the Ottoman state from the late sixteenth until the nineteenth century. In recent years the ayan have been the subject of numerous studies, however, these works have either been very general in nature or micro-histories of individual ayan.1 This article studies the ayanlık (institution of the ayan) * Assoc. Prof. Dr.; Le Moyne College Department of History - USA 1 General works on the ayans include: Yücel Özkaya, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Âyânlık (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1994); Avdo Sucesko, Ajani: Prilog Izučavanju Lokalne Vlasti u Našim Zemljama za Vrijeme Turaka (Sarajevo: Naučno Društvo SR Bosne i Hercegovine, 1965); Deena Sadat, “Urban Notables in the Ottoman Empire: The Ayan,” (Ph.D. -
Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 Ali Capar University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2017 A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 Ali Capar University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Capar, Ali, "A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2535. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2535 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Portrayal of an Ottoman City and Its Inhabitants: Administration, Society, and Economy in Ottoman Antakya (Antioch), 1750-1840 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Ali Capar Gaziantep University Bachelor of Arts in History, 2008 University of Arkansas Master of Arts in History, 2013 December 2017 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________________ Nikolay Antov, Ph.D. Dissertation Director ____________________________________________ Joel Gordon, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________________________ Laurence Hare, Ph.D. Committee Member ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the main features of the social and economic life of the district of Antakya between 1750 and 1840 to essentially understand the characteristics of the daily life of society, administration, political developments, and economic activities in this particular city. -
Bir Yaylak Anlaşmazliğinin Anatomisi Üzerinden Geç Dönem Osmanli Imparatorluğu’Nda Ortak Araziler Meselesini Düşünmek: Deliklikaya Yaylaği Kimindir?
BİR YAYLAK ANLAŞMAZLIĞININ ANATOMİSİ ÜZERİNDEN GEÇ DÖNEM OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NDA ORTAK ARAZİLER MESELESİNİ DÜŞÜNMEK: DELİKLİKAYA YAYLAĞI KİMİNDİR? AN APPROACH TO THE ISSUE OF THE COMMON LANDS IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE THROUGH ANALYZING A SUMMER PASTURE DISPUTE: TO WHOM DOES DELIKLIKAYA BELONG? ZEYNEP AKAN YETİŞİR* ABSTRACT ÖZET In the ends of 1860s summer two Ottoman Bul- 1860 yazı sonlarında bugün Bulgaristan sınırla- garian villages –Akçakilise and Turyan in their rı içerisinde yer alan iki Osmanlı köyü -Türkçe Turkish names, and as they are known today adlarıyla Akçakilise ve Turyan, günümüzdeki adlarıyla Sopot ve Troyan köyleri- bir yaylak Sopot and Troyan- began quarreling with each anlaşmazlığı nedeniyle saldırı ve yaralama other on account of a pasture. The dispute olaylarına sebebiyet verecek şekilde kavgaya evolved into a bloody event in which animals tutuşmuştu. Hayvanların itlaf, mandıraların tah- were killed, dairy farms were destroyed, and rip, çobanların darp edildiği saldırı olayı yerel shepherds were wounded. It was the culmi- makamlara farklı şekilde yansıtılmıştı. Aslında nation of a dispute that continued a couple of olay iki köy arasında birkaç yıldır devam eden years between two villages. However violance ve idari ve hukuki tüm müdahalelere rağmen çözülemeyen bir anlaşmazlığın patlama nokta- did not availed to dispose of the problem. The sıydı. Ne var ki yerel yetkililerin ya da hukukun conflict between two villages continued for a bertaraf edemediği husumeti şiddet eylemleri while with local and central interventions. de sonlandıramadı. İki köy arasındaki anlaş- In this paper I will approach the formation of mazlık merkezi ve yerel müdahilleriyle bir süre the property rights on common lands in the daha devam etti. -
Militarization of Ottoman Rumelia: the Mountain Bandits (1785-1808)
MILITARIZATION OF OTTOMAN RUMELIA: THE MOUNTAIN BANDITS (1785-1808) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EROL OZAN YILMAZ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2016 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Tülin Gençöz Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan (METU, HIST) Assist. Prof. Dr. Evgeni R. Radushev (BİLKENT, HIST) Prof. Dr. Bekir Koç (ANKARA, HIST) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Erol Ozan Yılmaz Signature: iii ABSTRACT MILITARIZATION OF OTTOMAN RUMELIA: THE MOUNTAIN BANDITS (1785-1808) Yılmaz, Erol Ozan M.A., Department History Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan September 2016, 121 Pages This thesis analyzes the process of the widespread and ever-lasting banditry in Rumelia between 1785 and 1808 and the state’s response against it within a context in which the Ottoman government attempted to reassert central authority over the provinces. -
The Grand Strategy of the Ottoman Empire, 1826-1841
THE GRAND STRATEGY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1826-1841 THE GRAND STRATEGY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1826-1841 By VEYSEL ŞİMŞEK, B.Sc., MA A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Veysel Şimşek, September 2015 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2015) McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario (History) TITLE: The Grand Strategy of the Ottoman Empire, 1826-1841 AUTHOR: Veysel Şimşek, B.Sc. (Istanbul Technical University), MA (Bilkent University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Virginia H. Aksan NUMBER OF PAGES: ix, 303 Lay Abstract Grounded in archival research in Turkish historical repositories, this thesis examines the Ottoman ruling elite’s efforts to ensure the empire’s integrity and re-establish central authority by military-bureaucratic reform and internal negotiation in the second quarter of the 19th century. Going beyond the standard institutional histories and Eurocentric narratives of the Eastern Question, it explores how the Ottoman sultans and bureaucrats mobilized the empire’s political, military, and ideological resources to achieve their broader goals of reversing collapse and resisting European political-military challenge. ii Abstract This dissertation examines the Ottoman grand strategy during the turbulent years of war and reform between 1826 and 1841.The concept of grand strategy utilized in my thesis does hereby not refer to purely military matters. It is rather a notion that explains how a political authority strives to realize its long-term aims through mobilization of its available instruments and resources. During 1820s-1840s, facing grave internal and external threats, the Ottoman grand strategy was directed at defending its existing possessions and re-establishing the center’s authority throughout the empire.