APPENDICES LIST OF REFERENCES [For complete titles, see Bibliography and List of Abbreviations] Andre. Bayle, Dict. Bayle,NRL BSHPF Chaufepie, Nouveau dictionnaire . ... Court, Claude Brousson. Dedieu, Le Role politique . ... Des Maizeaux, Vie de M. Bayle (in Bayle, Dict.) Dibon, ed., Pierre Bayle . ... DBF (Dictionnaire de biographie fran~aise) DNB (Dictionary of National Biography) Dodge, The Political Theory of the Huguenots . ... Du Pin, Nouvelle bibliotheque . .. Erman et Reclam, Memoires . .. Haag. Labrousse, P.B., I. Labrousse,I.C. Ladeveze, The Life and Death of . .. Claude . ... Mailhet, Jacques Basnage . ... Michaud, Biographie universelle. Niceron. NDB (Nouvelle dictionnaire biographique) Rebelliau. Waddington, M emoires ... de Jean Rou. APPENDIX ONE VITAE OF THE CONTROVERSIALISTS ALLIX, Pierre (1641-1717) Born in Alen<.;on, Allix was the son of a pastor and a student of Amyraut. He became a pastor at Charenton in 1671. At the Revocation, he fled to England where he received an honorary doctorate in theo~ogy from both Oxford and Cambridge, and a patent from James II to es­ tablish a French church in London. Upon the recommendation of Gilbert Burnet (see below), he was appointed canon and treasurer of the ca­ thedral at Salisbury. He was active in religious controversy from 1671 onwards, but did not contribute to the historical controversy until 1690. He was widely known for his eloquence and erudition. [Haag; Niceron] AMELOT DE LA HOUSSAYE (1634-1706) Amelot was secretary to Saint-Andre, the ambassador to Venice. His translation of Sarpi's history of the Council of Trent aroused a debate over its accuracy (see Bayle, NRL, [Oct., 1685], "Catalogue," Art. vi, 403-4), but it replaced that of Le Courayer, and was graced with a preface which Bayle called "beautiful" (NRL, [June, 1684], "Cat.," Art. i, 79). [Niceron; Michaud] ANCILLON, Charles (1659-1715) The son of the pastor, David Ancillon, Charles was admitted to the bar at his native Metz in 1679. In 1685, he went to Berlin where he became a judge and director of the French colony. From 1695 to 1699, he was in Switzerland, first on a mission for the Elector, and then as cO'uncilor to' the Marquis de Bade-DO'urlach. After his return to Berlin, he was appointed Historiographer to the King of Prussia (1701). [Chau­ fepie; Haag; Labrousse, I.C.] ARNAULD, Antoine (1612-1694) Twentieth son of the famous Antoine Arnauld (Avocat in the Parle­ ment of Paris), Arnauld grew up in an atmosphere of intense hatred for 208 APPENDICES Jesuits. After studying the humanities and jurisprudence, he turned to theology, and became a Sorbonne doctor and a priest in 1641. His publications against the Jesuits got him into trouble with the Sorbonne, and, in 1656, he was expelled from it. He retired to Port-Royal des Champs, where he remained until the Peace of Clement IX (1669) made it possible for Jansenists to reappear in public. But, feeling that he had made too many enemies in France, he left ten years later for the Nether­ lands, where he lived almost in secret until his death. His works include treaties against Malebranche, Claude and Jurieu. [Bayle, Diet.] AUBERT DE VERSE, Noel (1645-1714) Born in Le Mans of a Catholic family, Aubert was clearly a Protes­ tant by 1665, for he was then studying theology in Geneva. He became a pastor in Burgundy, but in 1669 a Synod deposed him for Socinianism. He returned to Catholicism, and stayed with the Oratorians in Paris, but was SODn afterwards expelled on account of his views on the divinity of Christ and Dn the Trinity. Around 1679 he went to Amsterdam, where he once again became Protestant, and where he even held a pastoral post. SODn deposed, he turned to medicine and journalism, and wrote against Jurieu, whose intDlerance and prophesying he despised. It is possible that he was paid by the French clergy for supplying d'Avaux with infDrmation about the activities of the RefDrmed in HDlland. He traveled secretly to Hamburg and Danzig, but was discovered, and finally forced to return to France. He abjured, cDntinued to write against J urieu, and died in Paris. For some sordid, and not wholly substantiated, details of his life, see Jurieu's Factum pour demander justice aux puissances, contre le nomme NoiJl Aubert, dit de Verse, atteint & convaincu des crimes d'im­ purete, d'impiete, & de blaspheme (1686 Dr 7). [DBF] BASNAGE, Jacques (1653-1723) Son Df Henri Basnage, Avocat in the Parlement of Normandy, Basnage studied at the Protestant Academies of Saumur (under Tanneguy Ie Fevre) and Sedan (under Jurieu and Le Blanc de Beaulieu), and in Geneva (under Mestrezat, Turretin and Tronchin). He became pastor at Quevilly in 1676. On June 6, 1685, his church was condemned, and he went to HDlland, becoming in 1691 pastor of the Walloon church. He later had troubles with Jurieu (his brother-in-law), who considered him tOo be part of Bayle's "cabale" (see below). As a favorite Df Heinsius, the Grand Pensionary, he was called to The Hague in 1709, where he entered state affairs. In the historical controversy after the Revocation, he wrote for the new Catholic converts in France, and against Bossuet. [Niceron; Chaufepie; Haag; Mailhet] APPENDICES 209 BASNAGE DE BEAUVAL, Henri (1656-1710) Brother of the above, de Beauval was a lawyer in Rouen until the Revocation, when he retired to Holland. He wrote a work on toleration (1684), and the Histoire des ouvrages des sfavans (1687-1709), which, according to Sayous, was the most literary of the successors to Bayle's Nouvelles. In 1691, he denounced Jurieu at the Synod of Leiden; the two were reconciled only at de Beauval's deathbed. [Haag] BAYLE, Pierre (1647-1706) The son of a pastor, Bayle grew up in southern France in a learned and pious atmosphere. He studied at the Academy of Puylaurens, and later at the Jesuit University of Toulouse, where he was converted to Catholicism. He remained Catholic for one year, and, after abjuring in 1670, fled to Geneva. In 1675, he competed successfully for the chair of philosophy at the Academy of Sedan. The Academy was closed in 1681, and he went to Rotterdam, where he and his colleague Jurieu, aided by a burgomaster, obtained teaching positions. Meanwhile, he published works on such topics as superstition, history and toleration. In 1684 he began his journal, the Nouvelles de la republique des lettres; but tragic deaths in his family, and overwork, made him ill, and he was forced to give up the journal early in 1687. During the next few years, his relations with Jurieu deteriorated. Jurieu, accusing him of being the head of a vast anti-Protestant plot, and of having impious notions, got him con­ demned by the Walloon Consistory in 1693. The rest of his life was spent in composing and perfecting his Dictionnaire, disputing with Judeu, and struggling against poverty. Although basically a man of faith, he stood for the free examination of all matters pertaining to the natural and supernatural world. [Des Maizeaux; Dibon; Labrousse, P.B.] BOSSUET, Jacques-Benigne (1627-1704) From infancy, Bossuet was consecrated to a life in the Church. He was educated by Jesuits at Dijon, and made a doctor in philosophy and theology, and became a priest in 1652. In the city of Metz, he worked at converting Protestants, and, in his refutation of the opinions held by the famous pastor, Paul Ferry, he showed a growing interest in questions of religious controversy. During the sixties, he conferred with Louis XIV on religious matters, and was installed as Bishop of Condom in 1671, appointed tutor to the Dauphin (for whom he wrote a discourse on universal history), and, in 1681, named Bishop of Meaux. During the seventies and eighties, he published three major works of controversy: 210 APPENDICES an exposition of the Catholic faith (1671), a relation of his conference with Claude on the authority of the Church (1682), and a treatise on the communion (1682). His Histoire des variations (1688) was con­ sidered to be the last word against the Protestants. Though a critic of moral abuses at Court, his views on kingship and on the unity of the Church kept him in Louis's favo.r. As a member of the French Academy from 1672, and a Councilo.r of State from 1697, Bossuet was always in to.uch with the cultural, political and religious affairs of his day. [Niceron; Rebelliau] BROUSSON, Claude (1647-1698) "Docteur en droit," and deeply involved in the legal and religious life o.f the Reformed around the city of Toulouse, Brousson went to Switzer­ land in the early eighties to escape persecution. Although faithful to. the King, he wrote in defense of the decisio.n taken by a secret assembly (1683) in Toulo.use to maintain the integrity of Calvinism even at the risk of disobeying the government. From 1685 onwards, he worked incessantly at uniting European Protestants, and at encouraging the new Catholics of France. At the risk of his life, he made numerous trips into France in o.rder to give spiritual succor to Pro.testants in the Cevennes and Bas­ Languedoc. While there in 1698, he was captured, tried and executed at Montpellier. [Co.urt] BRUEYS, David Augustin (1640-1723) Born a Protestant in Aix, Brueys studied law, theology and belles­ lettres, and became a distinguished literary figure in the Reformed com­ munity at Montpellier. In 1681, he wrote a reply to Bossuet's Exposition, but a year later was converted by Bossuet, and, upon a request from the King, spent the following years exhorting his brethren to return to the Church.