John E. Bowlt Vasilii Kandinsky and Nikolai Kul'bin

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John E. Bowlt Vasilii Kandinsky and Nikolai Kul'bin JOHN E. BOWLT VASILII KANDINSKY AND NIKOLAI KUL'BIN These eleven letters from Vasilii Kandinsky to Nikolai Ivanovich Kul'bin (1868-1917) were published in the original Russian by Evgenii Fedorovich Kovtun (1928-1996) in 1981. They are published here in English translation for the first time together with a substantial part of Kovtun's commentary and annotation.'I A senior curator of twentieth-century painting at the State Russian Mu- seum, St. Petersburg, Kovtun maintained a particular interest not only in the first celebrities of the Russian avant-garde, such as Pavel Filonov, Kandin- sky, Kazimir Malevich, and Vladimir Tatlin, but also in the less familiar apologists and movers, such as Kul'bin, Pavel Mansurov, Vladimir Markov (Waldemar Matvejs), and Iurii Vasnetsov.2 Kovtun also did much to win broader appreciation for certain groups, media, and cultural phenomena that, a quarter of a century ago, were little known or understood, including the Un- ion of Youth, experimental book illustration, and store-signboards.3 Kovtun was a pioneer in the historiography of Russian Modernism and should be re- membered and applauded for both the passionate commitment and dispas- sionate analysis with which he approached the subject. He was brave to do so, risking professional compromise at a moment when in the Soviet Union the Russian avant-garde was still an issue that generated misgiving, trepida- tion, and widespread censure. 1. E. Kovtun, ed., "Pis'ma V. V. Kandinskogo k N. I. Kul'binu," in T. Alekseeva et a]., eds., Pamiatniki kul'tury. Novye otkrytiia, 1980 (Leningrad: Nauka, 1981), pp. 399-410. The original manuscripts of the letters are in the Manuscript Section of the State Russian Museum, St. Pe- tersburg, Call. No.: f 134, ed. khr. 35, 11. 2-26 ob. For extracts from a few of the letters in Eng- lish translation, see J. Hahl-Koch, Kandinsky (New York: Rizzoli, 1993), pp. 135-36. Inasmuch as the Russian avant-garde, including Kandinsky's Russian and Soviet connections, has been the subject of careful study over the last decades, some of Kovtun's original remarks have lost their actuality. Even so, the substance of his original commentary has been incorporated into the ap- paratus below together with judicious supplements. 2. See, for example, E. Kovtoun et al., Paul A4an.vouroff el I'avant-garde russe a Petrograd (Catalog of exhibition at the Musde d'Art moderne et d'Art contemporain, Nice, 1995). 3. See, for example, Sange.si. Die ru.ssische Avantgarde. C'hlebnikow und seine Mader (Zurich: Stcmmle, 1993); and with Alia Povelikhina, Russian Painted Shop Sigm and Avant- Garde Artists (Leningrad: Aurora, 1991). For an appreciation of Kovtun and his scholarship, see >~. Petrova et al., Devoted to Russian Avant-Garde. In Memory of Yevgeny Kovtun (St. Peters- burg: Pallace, 1998). The letters from Kandinsky to Kul'bin are important because they demon- strate not only the personal and professional proximity of the painter, theorist, poet, and musician Kandinsky to the physician, painter, theorist, and musi- cian Kul'bin, but also the complexity of the many common projects and con- cepts with which both men were associated: the exhibitions and almanacs of the Blaue Reiter and other societies, the elaboration of the drafts of Dn the Spiritual in Art, the All-Russian Congress of Artists in St. Petersburg in 1911-12, Vladimir Izdebsky's international salons in Odessa and other cities, the inter-relationship of music and painting, the rediscovery of primitive art, the notions of esthetic dissonance and intervention, and the relentless move towards abstract painting. Kul'lbin, a medical doctor, was also a champion of the early avant-garde, especially in St. Petersburg, organizing exhibitions of the new art, promoting it through his lectures and publications, and chaperon- ing painters as diverse as Kazimir Malevich and Georgii Yakulov, David Burliuk, and Kandinsky. The eleven letters published below prove how closely Kandinsky observed Russian cultural life in spite of his residence abroad, interacting constantly with Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Odessa. They are also a representative sampling of a wider Russian correspondence, much of which has yet to be lo- cated and systematized. Kandinsky conducted a lively interchange with many Russian artists, historians, critics, collectors, publishers, and dealers and, if terse and pragmatic rather than philosophical and rhapsodic, the letters con- stitute an important record of friendships, artworks, exhibitions, and itinerar- ies. The assembly, collation, and annotation of all the Russian letters would make for a useful anthology.44 4. For other Kandinsky correspondence, see his letters to Aleksandr Chuprov (lecturer in economics at Moscow University and Kandinsky's professor) in S. Shumikhin, ed., "Pis'ma V. V. Kandinskogo A. 1. Chuprovu," in T. Alekseeva et al., eds., Pamiatniki kul'tury. Novye otkry- tiia, 1981 (Leningrad: Nauka, 1983), pp. 337-44; to Nadezhda Dobychina, Petr Kogan, and Aleksandr Shenshin in Experiment (Los Angeles), 8 (2002), 232-39; to Boris Egiz in V. Abramov, !! V. Kandinskii v khudozhestvennoi zhizni Odessy (Odessa: Glas, 1995), pp. 31-41; to Dmitrii Kardovsky in N. Avtonomova, cd., "Pis'ma V. V. Kandinskogo D. N. Kardovskomu," in A. Gusarova and N. Avtonmova, eds., Vasilii Vasil'evich Kandinskii (Catalog of exhibition at the State Tretiakov Gallery, Moscow, 1989), pp. 22-32; in German translation in lu. Korolev and N. Avtonomova, eds., Wassily Kandinsky. Die erste sowjetische Retrospektive (Catalog of exhibi- tion at the Schim Kunsthalle, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1989), pp. 47-54; and to Andrei Pappe in V. Kulikov and V. Turchin, "Vasilii Kandinsky. Shest' pisem," in Tvorchestvo (Moscow, 1998), Russian-German issue, pp. 24-27. See also J. Hahl-Koch, ed., Arnold Schönberg Wassily Kand- insky. Briefe, Bilder und Dokumente einer aussgewöhnitchen Begegnung (Salzburg and Vienna: Residenz, 1980) and in English translation: Arnold Schoenberg Wassily Kandinsky. Letters, Pic- tures and Documents (London: Fabcr 홢 Faber, 1984); A. Hoberg, Vassily Kandinsky and Gab- ticle Munter (Munich-New York: Prcstel, 1994); G. Kleine, Gabriele Munter und Wassily Kand- insky (Frankfurt am Main: Insel, 1991); C. Derouet et al., Vassily Kandinsky. Correspondances avec Zervos [Christian Zervos] et Kojeve [Alexandre Kojeve (Aleksandr Kozhevnikov)] (Special .
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