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The Spoken BNC2014: Designing and Building a Spoken Corpus Of
The Spoken BNC2014 Designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations Robbie Love i, Claire Dembry ii, Andrew Hardie i, Vaclav Brezina i and Tony McEnery i i Lancaster University / ii Cambridge University Press This paper introduces the Spoken British National Corpus 2014, an 11.5-million-word corpus of orthographically transcribed conversations among L1 speakers of British English from across the UK, recorded in the years 2012–2016. After showing that a survey of the recent history of corpora of spo- ken British English justifies the compilation of this new corpus, we describe the main stages of the Spoken BNC2014’s creation: design, data and metadata collection, transcription, XML encoding, and annotation. In doing so we aim to (i) encourage users of the corpus to approach the data with sensitivity to the many methodological issues we identified and attempted to overcome while com- piling the Spoken BNC2014, and (ii) inform (future) compilers of spoken corpora of the innovations we implemented to attempt to make the construction of cor- pora representing spontaneous speech in informal contexts more tractable, both logistically and practically, than in the past. Keywords: Spoken BNC2014, transcription, corpus construction, spoken corpora 1. Introduction The ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) 1 at Lancaster University and Cambridge University Press have compiled a new, publicly- accessible corpus of present-day spoken British English, gathered in informal con- texts, known as the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). This 1. The research presented in this paper was supported by the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science, ESRC grant reference ES/K002155/1. -
E-Language: Communication in the Digital Age Dawn Knight1, Newcastle University
e-Language: Communication in the Digital Age Dawn Knight1, Newcastle University 1. Introduction Digital communication in the age of ‘web 2.0’ (that is the second generation of in the internet: an internet focused driven by user-generated content and the growth of social media) is becoming ever-increasingly embedded into our daily lives. It is impacting on the ways in which we work, socialise, communicate and live. Defining, characterising and understanding the ways in which discourse is used to scaffold our existence in this digital world is, therefore, emerged as an area of research that is a priority for applied linguists (amongst others). Corpus linguists are ideally situated to contribute to this work as they have the appropriate expertise to construct, analyse and characterise patterns of language use in large- scale bodies of such digital discourse (labelled ‘e-language’ here - also known as Computer Mediated Communication, CMC: see Walther, 1996; Herring, 1999 and Thurlow et al., 2004, and ‘netspeak’, Crystal, 2003: 17). Typically, forms of e-language are technically asynchronous insofar as each of them is ‘stored at the addressee’s site until they can be ‘read’ by the recipient (Herring 2007: 13). They do not require recipients to be present/ready to ‘receive’ the message at the same time that it is sent, as spoken discourse typically does (see Condon and Cech, 1996; Ko, 1996 and Herring, 2007). However, with the increasing ubiquity of digital communication in daily life, the delivery and reception of digital messages is arguably becoming increasingly synchronous. Mobile apps, such as Facebook, WhatsApp and I-Message (the Apple messaging system), for example, have provisions for allowing users to see when messages are being written, as well as when they are received and read by the. -
Investigating Vocabulary in Academic Spoken English
INVESTIGATING VOCABULARY IN ACADEMIC SPOKEN ENGLISH: CORPORA, TEACHERS, AND LEARNERS BY THI NGOC YEN DANG A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Linguistics Victoria University of Wellington 2017 Abstract Understanding academic spoken English is challenging for second language (L2) learners at English-medium universities. A lack of vocabulary is a major reason for this difficulty. To help these learners overcome this challenge, it is important to examine the nature of vocabulary in academic spoken English. This thesis presents three linked studies which were conducted to address this need. Study 1 examined the lexical coverage in nine spoken and nine written corpora of four well-known general high-frequency word lists: West’s (1953) General Service List (GSL), Nation’s (2006) BNC2000, Nation’s (2012) BNC/COCA2000, and Brezina and Gablasova’s (2015) New-GSL. Study 2 further compared the BNC/COCA2000 and the New-GSL, which had the highest coverage in Study 1. It involved 25 English first language (L1) teachers, 26 Vietnamese L1 teachers, 27 various L1 teachers, and 275 Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language learners. The teachers completed 10 surveys in which they rated the usefulness of 973 non-overlapping items between the BNC/COCA2000 and the New- GSL for their learners in a five-point Likert scale. The learners took the Vocabulary Levels Test (Nation, 1983, 1990; Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001), and 15 Yes/No tests which measured their knowledge of the 973 words. Study 3 involved compiling two academic spoken corpora, one academic written corpus, and one non-academic spoken corpus. -
SELECTING and CREATING a WORD LIST for ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING by Deny A
Teaching English with Technology, 17(1), 60-72, http://www.tewtjournal.org 60 SELECTING AND CREATING A WORD LIST FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING by Deny A. Kwary and Jurianto Universitas Airlangga Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia d.a.kwary @ unair.ac.id / [email protected] Abstract Since the introduction of the General Service List (GSL) in 1953, a number of studies have confirmed the significant role of a word list, particularly GSL, in helping ESL students learn English. Given the recent development in technology, several researchers have created word lists, each of them claims to provide a better coverage of a text and a significant role in helping students learn English. This article aims at analyzing the claims made by the existing word lists and proposing a method for selecting words and a creating a word list. The result of this study shows that there are differences in the coverage of the word lists due to the difference in the corpora and the source text analysed. This article also suggests that we should create our own word list, which is both personalized and comprehensive. This means that the word list is not just a list of words. The word list needs to be accompanied with the senses and the patterns of the words, in order to really help ESL students learn English. Keywords: English; GSL; NGSL; vocabulary; word list 1. Introduction A word list has been noted as an essential resource for language teaching, especially for second language teaching. The main purpose for the creation of a word list is to determine the words that the learners need to know, in order to provide more focused learning materials. -
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD the National Corpus of Contemporary
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh Project Report, October 2020 Authors: Dawn Knight1, Steve Morris2, Tess Fitzpatrick2, Paul Rayson3, Irena Spasić and Enlli Môn Thomas4. 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this report This report provides an overview of the CorCenCC project and the online corpus resource that was developed as a result of work on the project. The report lays out the theoretical underpinnings of the research, demonstrating how the project has built on and extended this theory. We also raise and discuss some of the key operational questions that arose during the course of the project, outlining the ways in which they were answered, the impact of these decisions on the resource that has been produced and the longer-term contribution they will make to practices in corpus-building. Finally, we discuss some of the applications and the utility of the work, outlining the impact that CorCenCC is set to have on a range of different individuals and user groups. 1.2. Licence The CorCenCC corpus and associated software tools are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA v4 and thus are freely available for use by professional communities and individuals with an interest in language. Bespoke applications and instructions are provided for each tool (for links to all tools, refer to section 10 of this report). When reporting information derived by using the CorCenCC corpus data and/or tools, CorCenCC should be appropriately acknowledged (see 1.3). § To access the corpus visit: www.corcencc.org/explore § To access the GitHub site: https://github.com/CorCenCC o GitHub is a cloud-based service that enables developers to store, share and manage their code and datasets. -
The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh 1. Introduction
The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh Project Report, October 2020 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this report This report provides an overview of the CorCenCC project and the online corpus resource that was developed as a result of work on the project. The report lays out the theoretical underpinnings of the research, demonstrating how the project has built on and extended this theory. We also raise and discuss some of the key operational questions that arose during the course of the project, outlining the ways in which they were answered, the impact of these decisions on the resource that has been produced and the longer-term contribution they will make to practices in corpus-building. Finally, we discuss some of the applications and the utility of the work, outlining the impact that CorCenCC is set to have on a range of different individuals and user groups. 1.2. Licence The CorCenCC corpus and associated software tools are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA v4 and thus are freely available for use by professional communities and individuals with an interest in language. Bespoke applications and instructions are provided for each tool (for links to all tools, refer to section 10 of this report). When reporting information derived by using the CorCenCC corpus data and/or tools, CorCenCC should be appropriately acknowledged (see 1.3). § To access the corpus visit: www.corcencc.org/explore § To access the GitHub site: https://github.com/CorCenCC o GitHub is a cloud-based service that enables developers to store, share and manage their code and datasets. -
Qualifications for Higher Education Cambridge English Qualifications for Admissions Purposes About Cambridge Assessment English
Qualifications for higher education Cambridge English Qualifications for admissions purposes About Cambridge Assessment English We are Cambridge Assessment English, part of the University of Cambridge. We provide the world’s leading range of English language qualifications for higher education institutions. Globally recognised by more than 25,000 leading universities, employers and governments, our in-depth exams and tests are a mark of excellence and give students the skills they need to succeed. Here’s a selection of our recognising organisations: UK US US Australia Australia Australia Canada Hong Kong Our qualifications are also accepted by immigration departments, government bodies and leading global businesses, including: • Australian Department of Home • Immigration New Zealand (INZ) • Procter & Gamble Affairs (DOHA) • Board of Regents of the • Accenture • Irish Naturalisation and University System of Georgia • Dell Immigration Service (INIS) • KPMG • Ernst & Young “C1 Advanced students are of a higher caliber and more prepared to face the challenges and opportunities that See a full list of organisations using our exist when studying on a US campus.” qualifications at Shawn Greenfield cambridgeenglish.org/recognition Interim Director International Marketing and Recruitment, University of Idaho 2 Cambridge English Qualifications for higher education Cambridge English Qualifications are based on research into effective teaching and learning. They motivate people of Foundation/ all ages and abilities to learn English and pre-sessional develop practical skills for the real world. B2 First Each exam focuses on a level of the Common European Framework of • Gives students the practical Reference (CEFR)*, helping learners to English skills they need for improve their speaking, writing, reading foundation programmes and and listening skills step by step. -
C2 Proficiency
C2 Proficiency C2 Proficiency Handbook for teachers Pre A1 Your path to learning English, step by step cambridgeenglish.org/qualifications C2 Proficiency C1 Advanced B2 First B1 Preliminary A2 Key Make the most of your handbook The best way to get the most from your handbook is to use the digital version. The digital version is updated more regularly. The digital version contains links which take you straight to related pages if you want to find out more. For example, you can read about Part 1 of the Reading and Use of English paper in the Tasks section, then click on the link to take you straight to a sample Part 1 task. There are also links which take you to useful websites and resources. Tasks Sample paper and assessment The Tasks pages give information about the exam format and The Sample paper and assessment section includes a sample what is tested in each part of the paper. paper for each of the four components as well as answer keys for the Reading and Use of English and Listening components. For the Writing and Speaking papers there is information about the assessment criteria, and for Writing there are example answers for you to refer to or use with your learners. About Cambridge Assessment English 2 C2 Proficiency – an overview 3 Exam support 4 About the exam 5 Paper 1: Reading and Use of English Paper 3: Listening Tasks 7 Tasks 39 Sample paper and assessment 12 Sample paper and assessment 42 Paper 2: Writing Paper 4: Speaking Tasks 20 Tasks 50 Sample paper and assessment 24 Sample paper and assessment 53 Speaking assessment glossary of terms 60 Glossary 62 About Cambridge Assessment English We are Cambridge Assessment English. -
Cambridge Assessment English -.: Cultural Inglesa De Neuquen
INSCRIPCIONES NOVIEMBRE-DICIEMBRE 2021 CAMBRIDGE ASSESSMENT ENGLISH "de conformidad con las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Neuquén, autoridad de aplicación de la Emergencia Sanitaria" IMPORTANTE Se informa a los candidatos, padres y centros de preparación que la siguiente inscripción se encuentra supeditada a la evolución de la pandemia. En caso de no poder administrar los exámenes, los mismos serán reprogramados. Las inscripciones de los exámenes internacionales de Cambridge Assessment English para el período de noviembre - diciembre 2021 se realizarán desde el 1 al 30 de septiembre inclusive. El proceso de inscripción es enteramente online. Para iniciar la inscripción deberá abonar previamente el arancel correspondiente y descargar y completar el consentimiento de foto, si fuera requerido (según examen). El consentimiento de foto es requerido únicamente para el examen C1 Advan- ced. Luego deberá ingresar a www.ar620entries.com.ar y seguir los pasos de registración. INFORMACIÓN IMPORTANTE > En caso de no presentarse al examen el arancel abonado no será reembolsado. > El examen es propiedad de Cambridge Assessment English y no se devolverá dicho material. > Se solicita ingresar correctamente los nombres de los candidatos. El reempla- zo del certificado por nombre incorrecto tiene un costo adicional. > Identificación con foto: el día del examen el candidato deberá presentar una identificación con foto que acredite su identidad. El mismo debe ser original, válido y vigente. No se le permitirá rendir a quien incumpla esta norma. > Confirmation of Entry: el candidato deberá traer impreso el Confirmation of Entry el día del examen. > Por disposición de Cambridge Assessment English, se encuentra prohibido tanto el ingreso al aula con equipos electrónicos como el acceso o uso de los mismos durante el examen. -
A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of the Reporting on Corporate Fraud by UK Newspapers 2004 - 2014
A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of the Reporting on Corporate Fraud by UK Newspapers 2004 - 2014 Ilse Astrid Ras Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of English April, 2017 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2017 The University of Leeds and Ilse Astrid Ras ii Acknowledgements This thesis would not have seen the light of day without the help of so many facilitators, collaborators and partners-in-crime. Therefore, I would like to thank the following people: Thanks to my supervisors, Dr Christiana Gregoriou and Professor Tony Crowley. Thank you, Christiana, for everything. Thank you, Tony, in particular for guiding me through my second year crisis. Thanks to my examiners, Prof Dan McIntyre and Dr Alison Johnson, for their valuable feedback and support. Thanks to Christopher Norton for his IT skills – in particular, for the Output Organiser, which has saved me many months of work. Thanks to Cliff Chapman, for being my Thief and for introducing me to a wonderful new universe. I am so very sorry that you have had to put up with so much. Thanks to my Dad, Cor Ras. Bedankt paps, voor al je steun. Ik beloof dat ik vanaf nu vaker zal bellen! Thanks to Danou Duifhuizen, Samantha Schaefer, Kristy Evers, Lisa Koelle, and Ma-ike van Amen. -
The Spoken BNC2014 Designing and Building a Spoken Corpus of Everyday Conversations
The Spoken BNC2014 Designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations Robbie Love i, Claire Dembry ii, Andrew Hardie i, Vaclav Brezina i and Tony McEnery i i Lancaster University / ii Cambridge University Press This paper introduces the Spoken British National Corpus 2014, an 11.5-million-word corpus of orthographically transcribed conversations among L1 speakers of British English from across the UK, recorded in the years 2012–2016. After showing that a survey of the recent history of corpora of spo- ken British English justifies the compilation of this new corpus, we describe the main stages of the Spoken BNC2014’s creation: design, data and metadata collection, transcription, XML encoding, and annotation. In doing so we aim to (i) encourage users of the corpus to approach the data with sensitivity to the many methodological issues we identified and attempted to overcome while com- piling the Spoken BNC2014, and (ii) inform (future) compilers of spoken corpora of the innovations we implemented to attempt to make the construction of cor- pora representing spontaneous speech in informal contexts more tractable, both logistically and practically, than in the past. Keywords: Spoken BNC2014, transcription, corpus construction, spoken corpora 1. Introduction The ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) 1 at Lancaster University and Cambridge University Press have compiled a new, publicly- accessible corpus of present-day spoken British English, gathered in informal con- texts, known as the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). This 1. The research presented in this paper was supported by the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science, ESRC grant reference ES/K002155/1. -
Classical and Modern Arabic Corpora: Genre and Language Change
This is a repository copy of Classical and modern Arabic corpora: Genre and language change. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/131245/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Atwell, E orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-3764 (2018) Classical and modern Arabic corpora: Genre and language change. In: Whitt, RJ, (ed.) Diachronic Corpora, Genre, and Language Change. Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 85 . John Benjamins , pp. 65-91. ISBN 9789027201485 © John Benjamins 2018.This is an author produced version of a book chapter published in Diachronic Corpora, Genre, and Language Change. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. the publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.85.04atw. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ “Author Accepted Version” of: Atwell, E. (2018). Classical and Modern Arabic Corpora: genre and language change.