DOCSLIB.ORG

Russian Language: a Brief History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Russian Language: a Brief History Belarus Russia russianRUSSIAN LANGUAGE: A BRIEF HISTORY By Adrienne Landry Kazakhstan Ukraine CREES Outreach Coordinator The Russian language is the largest native language in Europe, it is the Serbia Montenegro Bulgaria Uzbekistan primary language of 175 million people Kyrgyzstan living in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Macedonia Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is unof- Turkmenistan Tajkistan ficially spoken in most of the countries that were once republics of the USSR, making it the most geographically wide- Countries that use a Cyrillic alphabet among their official languages (Mongolia not shown). spread language of Eurasia. Europe). Their legacy would leave an Greek. Eventually the Cyrillic alpha- Despite its widespread use, for many indelible mark on the cultural devel- bet came to dominate over Glagolitic of us in the Western world, Russian opment of all Slavs, for which they in the 12th century until it was the remains a mystery. are still venerated by the Orthodox lingua franca of Eastern Europe. Church as saints. For starters, Russian uses a different Over the course of the next 9 centu- alphabet known as “Cyrillic.” The Cyril and Methodius were chosen ries, the Cyrillic alphabet has adapted name of the alphabet often confuses for this mission because they spoke to changes in spoken language, de- people because it does not identify a a Slavic dialect. Cyril devised a first veloped regional variations to suit the commonly known reference of ori- alphabet, now known as Glagolitic, features of different nations, and was gin. Some even refer to Cyrillic as the based on this dialect, and the broth- subjected to academic reforms and “Russian alphabet” because Russia ers used it to translate sections of the political decrees. Today, over 90 lan- is the most populous and influential Bible, prayers and other texts used guages throughout Europe and Asia user of the alphabet. Many would be in Church services from Greek into a write with a Cyrillic derived alphabet, surprised to discover that Russian is, Slavic dialect that could be broadly including Russian. in fact, just one of dozens of languag- understood in Central Europe. Today For those of us who grew up speaking es using a Cyrillic derived alphabet. we refer to the language of their English with no exposure to Slavic lan- translations as Old Church Slavonic. The history of Cyrillic traditionally guages, learning Russian can be quite begins in the 9th century when the St. Clement of Ohrid, one of Cyril and difficult. According to the United ruler of an early Slavic state in East- Methodius’ best known disciples, is States Intelligence Community, Rus- ern Europe, Moravia, requested the traditionally accredited with simplify- sian is a “hard target” language, due Byzantine Emperor send missionaries ing Glagolitic into the earliest form to both its difficulty for English speak- to Christianize his subjects. Emperor of Cyrillic. New scholarship, however, ers and its critical role in American Michael III nominated two brothers, suggests that the earliest known foreign policy. It is fortunate, then, the monks Cyril and Methodius, to form of Cyrillic was actually created that Russian is largely a phonetic spread Christianity among the Slavic at the Preslav Literary School in the language – it looks the way it sounds. peoples of Bulgaria, Great Moravia Bulgarian Empire. Whether or not he If you can learn the Russian variant and Pannonia (Central and Southeast invented it, St. Clement used Cyril- of the Cyrillic alphabet, you can read lic in his prolific translations. It is his the words out loud…whether or not writings that spread throughout the you know what they mean, however, Slavic area. depends on how much you study. The new Cyrillic alphabet was popu- If you’re feeling adventurous, take a lar because it was not only simpler look at the Russian Cyrillic alphabet than Glagolitic, but it alsoaugmented chart in the following pages. Can you Glagoliticligatures and consonants translate the words on the worksheet? for sounds used by Slavic peoples not Sources and Information found in Ancient www.russianlessonsonline.com First complete Bible printed in Cyrillic, 1663. www.volgawriter.com/VW%20Cyrillic.htm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2021 Catalog
    2021 NEW PRODUCTS G-Power Flip and Punch Spin Bait Designed by Aaron Martens, Walleye anglers across the Midwest have become Gamakatsu has developed the dependent upon the spin style hooks for walleye rigs. new G-Power Heavy Cover Flip The Spin Bait hook can be rigged behind spinner & Punch Hook. A step up from blades, prop blades or used the G-Finesse Heavy Cover alone with just a simple Hook, for serious flipping and bead in front of them. It’s punching with heavy fluorocarbon and braid. The TGW (Tournament unique design incorporates Grade Wire) hook, paired with its welded eye, make this the strongest Gamakatsu swivels that is Heavy Cover hook in Gamakatsu’s G-Series lineup. Ideal for larger baits independent of the hook, giving the hook more freedom to spin while and weights, punching through grass mats and flipping into heavy reducing line twist. The Spin Bait hook features Nano Smooth Coat for timber. G-Power Flip and Punch ideally matches to all types of cover stealth presentations and unsurpassed hook penetration and the bait and able to withstand extreme conditions. Page 26 keeper barbs on the shank hold live and plastic baits on more securely. Page 48 G-Power Stinger Trailer Hook The new G-Power Stinger Trailer Hook Superline Offset Round Bend brilliance comes from Gamakatsu’s famous Gamakatsu’s Superline Offset Round B10S series of fly hooks and the expertise Bend is designed with a heavier of Professional Bass angler Aaron Martens. Superline wire best suited for heavy The Stinger Trailer has a strategically braided and fluorocarbon lines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1981, No.45
    www.ukrweekly.com ;?C свОБОДАJLSVOBODA І І і о "в УКРДШСШИИ щоліннмк ^Щ^У UKKAINIAHOAIIV PUBLISHEDrainia BY THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATIOnN INC . A FRATERNAWeekL NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATION l ї Ш Ute 25 cents voi LXXXVIII No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i Reagan administration Five years later announces appointment for rights post The Ukrainian Helsinki Group: WASHINGTON - After months of the struggle continues delay, the Reagan administration an– nounced on October 30 that it is no– When the leaders of 35 states gathered in Helsinki in minating Elliot Abrams, a neo-conser– August 1975 signed the Final Act of the Conference on vative Democrat and former Senate Security and Cooperation in Europe, few could aide, to be assistant secretary of state for have foreseen the impact the agreement would have in human rights and humanitarian affairs, the Soviet Union. While the accords granted the Soviets reported The New York Times. de jure recognition of post-World War ll boundaries, they The 33-year-old lawyer, who pre– also extracted some acquiescence to provisions viously worked as special counsel to guaranteeing human rights and freedom, guarantees Sen. Henry Jackson of Washington and that already existed in the Soviet Constitution and Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New countless international covenants. York, joined the administration last At the time, the human-rights provisions seemed January as assistant secretary of state unenforceable, a mere formality, a peripheral issue for international organization affairs. agreed to by a regime with no intention of carrying in announcing the nomination, Presi– them through. dent Ronald Reagan stated that hu– But just over one year later, on November 9,1976,10 man-rights considerations are an im– courageous Ukrainian intellectuals in Kiev moat of portant part of foreign policy, the Times them former political prisoners, formed the Ukrainian said.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
    Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St.
    [Show full text]
  • Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
    Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Zero Exponents in the Russian Language and Peculiarities of Their Learning
    Proceedings IFTE-2020, 1193-1202 doi:10.3897/ap.2.e1193 VI International Forum on Teacher Education Zero Exponents in the Russian Language and Peculiarities of Their Learning Tatyana A. Korneyeva* (a) (a) Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan (Russia), 18 Kremlyovskaya street, [email protected] Abstract The research aims at finding methods and techniques for intensifying educational activities of students in the study of the Russian language, increasing their motivation, developing creative potential, and meaningfully studying the facts of the Russian language using the capabilities of the digital educational environment. The purpose of the article is to justify the effectiveness of accessing digital resources, primarily the National Corps of the Russian Language as an information and reference system based on a collection of Russian texts in electronic form, providing wide access to linguistic and speech facts in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Research objectives: to analyze the features of the methodology for studying word formation using data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL) and to show the possibilities of using the corpus to identify semantic differences between word-building synonyms. The main research methods include theoretical analysis of scientific and educational literature, language analysis method, pedagogical observation, modeling of the educational process, conversation method. Key findings of the study are 1) we considered the productive word-formation types of zero suffix names in scientific grammar and educational-methodical complexes, 2) we analyzed NCRL materials on the derivational synonymy of names of zero suffixation and semantic with a variety of synonyms, 3) we have proven the need to use digital educational resources in the educational process and, above all, the opportunities provided for the Russian language project by the NCRL project.
    [Show full text]
  • SCRS/2020/056 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 77(4): 240-251 (2020)
    SCRS/2020/056 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 77(4): 240-251 (2020) 1 REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF HOOK TYPE ON THE CATCHABILITY, HOOKING LOCATION, AND POST-CAPTURE MORTALITY OF THE SHORTFIN MAKO, ISURUS OXYRINCHUS B. Keller1*, Y. Swimmer2, C. Brown3 SUMMARY Due to the assessed vulnerability for the North Atlantic shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, ICCAT has identified the need to better understand the use of circle hooks as a potential mitigation measure in longline fisheries. We conducted a literature review related to the effect of hook type on the catchability, anatomical hooking location, and post-capture mortality of this species. We found twenty eight papers related to these topics, yet many were limited in interpretation due to small sample sizes and lack of statistical analysis. In regards to catchability, our results were inconclusive, suggesting no clear trend in catch rates by hook type. The use of circle hooks was shown to either decrease or have no effect on at-haulback mortality. Three papers documented post-release mortality, ranging from 23-31%. The use of circle hooks significantly increased the likelihood of mouth hooking, which is associated with lower rates of post-release mortality. Overall, our review suggests minimal differences in catchability of shortfin mako between hook types, but suggests that use of circle hooks likely results in higher post-release survival that may assist population recovery efforts. RÉSUMÉ En raison de la vulnérabilité évaluée en ce qui concerne le requin-taupe bleu de l'Atlantique Nord (Isurus oxyrinchus), l’ICCAT a identifié le besoin de mieux comprendre l'utilisation des hameçons circulaires comme mesure d'atténuation potentielle dans les pêcheries palangrières.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyrillic Manuscript Codices of Budapest University Library
    polata k)¢∞igopis|¢aq kz— - ki—, 1995: 5–12 THE CYRILLIC MANUSCRIPT CODICES OF BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Ralph M. Cleminson The Library of the University of Budapest (Eötvös Loránd Tudomány- egyetem Könyvtára) possesses nine mediæval cyrillic manuscript codices, numbered Codd. slav. 1, 3-5, 7b, 7c, 9-11. (Cod. slav. 2 is Polish, Cod. slav. 6 is Czech, Cod. slav. 7a is the former shelfmark of the present Cod. slav. 10, and there is no Cod. slav. 8.) Codd. slav 1-5 were described (very badly) in A Budapesti M. Kir. Egyetemi Könyvtár codexeinek czímjegyzéke, Budapest, 1881, pp.100-101, and three of them (Codd. slav. 1, 7c, 9) have so far been noted in the inventory of Slavonic manuscripts in Hungary which is currently being produced (Magyarországi szláv kéziratok, (Foªszerkesztoª Nyomárkay I.), I-, Budapest, 1990-). Apart from this the manuscripts seem to have been largely neglected. The present descriptions, made during a visit to the Library in December 1991, have the object of acquainting the scholarly community with the Library’s holdings. They follow the format and practice described on pp.ix-x of my Union Catalogue of Cyrillic Manuscripts in British and Irish Collections (London, 1988). Cod. slav. 1 APOSTOL, Serbian, 1572 i + 211 leaves, foliated [i], 1-211. Collation: I8-XXVI8, 3 leaves (=XXVII). Gatherings signed front and back a–-kz–. Paper: w/m (i) an anchor, (ii) a coat of arms, both too faint to permit precise identification. Size of leaves: 305mm x 210mm. Ink: brownish-black; red, and occasionally yellow, for titles, initials and rubrics.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptions and Records of Bees - LVI
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Co Bee Lab 1-1-1914 Descriptions and Records of Bees - LVI T. D. A. Cockerell University of Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_co Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Cockerell, T. D. A., "Descriptions and Records of Bees - LVI" (1914). Co. Paper 518. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_co/518 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Co by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. F,·0111tlte .\..N'.\'AT,S AN!) "J.A.OA7.['.\'is OF' ~ATIJHA.r. ITr s TOltY :::iel'8, \ 'ol. xiii. , .Tw11wry lUl.J.. ' r Descriptions and Recoi·ds of Bees.-LVI. 1 By 1 • D. A. CucKERELL, University of Colorado. Stenotritus elegans, Smith, variety a. A female from Tennant's Creek, Central Australia (Field; Nat. Mus . Victoria, 46), Las apparent ly been in alcohol, autl the pubescence is in bad condition. So far as can be made out, there i no fuscous hair on the thorax above, alld no black Ii air on the abdomen. The mesothorax shows olive­ green tints in front. 1'1.ie first r. n. joins the secoml s.m. a little before the middle, in stead of a little beyoucl a. in Smith's type of S. eLegans. Possib ly this is a distinct species, but it cannot be satisfacto rily separated without better material. No ruales a signed to Stenotritus are known; but it seems 1:37 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Federation Interim Opinion on Constitutional
    Strasbourg, 23 March 2021 CDL-AD(2021)005 Opinion No. 992/2020 Or. Engl. EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) RUSSIAN FEDERATION INTERIM OPINION ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS AND THE PROCEDURE FOR THEIR ADOPTION Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 126th Plenary Session (online, 19-20 March 2021) on the basis of comments by Mr Nicos ALIVIZATOS (Member, Greece) Ms Claire BAZY MALAURIE (Member, France) Ms Veronika BÍLKOVÁ (Member, Czech Republic) Mr Iain CAMERON (Member, Sweden) Ms Monika HERMANNS (Substitute Member, Germany) Mr Martin KUIJER (Substitute Member, Netherlands) This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-AD(2021)005 - 2 - Contents I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 II. Scope of the present opinion .......................................................................................... 4 III. Chronology of the preparation and adoption of the constitutional amendments ............. 4 IV. Analysis of the procedure for the Adoption of the Constitutional Amendments .............. 6 A. Speed of preparation of the amendments - consultations ........................................... 6 B. Competence of the Constitutional Court ..................................................................... 7 C. Competence of the Constitutional Assembly .............................................................. 7 D. Ad hoc procedure .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aviso De Conciliación De Demanda Colectiva Sobre Los Derechos De Los Jóvenes Involucrados En El Programa Youth Accountability Team (“Yat”) Del Condado De Riverside
    AVISO DE CONCILIACIÓN DE DEMANDA COLECTIVA SOBRE LOS DERECHOS DE LOS JÓVENES INVOLUCRADOS EN EL PROGRAMA YOUTH ACCOUNTABILITY TEAM (“YAT”) DEL CONDADO DE RIVERSIDE Este aviso es sobre una conciliación de una demanda colectiva contra el condado de Riverside, la cual involucra supuestas violaciones de los derechos de los jóvenes que han participado en el programa Youth Accountability Team (“YAT”) dirigido por la Oficina de Libertad condicional del Condado de Riverside. Si alguna vez se lo derivó al programa YAT, esta conciliación podría afectar sus derechos. SOBRE LA DEMANDA El 1 de julio de 2018, tres jóvenes del condado de Riverside y una organización de tutelaje de jóvenes presentaron esta demanda colectiva, de nombre Sigma Beta Xi, Inc. v. County of Riverside. La demanda cuestiona la constitucionalidad del programa Youth Accountability Team (“YAT”), un programa de recuperación juvenil dirigido por el condado de Riverside (el “Condado”). La demanda levantó una gran cantidad de dudas sobre las duras sanciones impuestas sobre los menores acusados solo de mala conducta escolar menor. La demanda alegaba que el programa YAT había puesto a miles de menores en contratos onerosos de libertad condicional YAT en base al comportamiento común de los adolescentes, incluida la “persistente o habitual negación a obedecer las órdenes o las instrucciones razonables de las autoridades escolares” en virtud de la sección 601(b) del Código de Bienestar e Instituciones de California (California Welfare & Institutions Code). La demanda además alegaba que el programa YAT violaba los derechos al debido proceso de los menores al no notificarles de forma adecuada sobre sus derechos y al no proporcionarles orientación.
    [Show full text]
  • Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic Language of Siberia Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov
    Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov To cite this version: Brigitte Pakendorf, Innokentij Novgorodov. Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia. In Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor. Loanwords in the World’s Languages: a Comparative Handbook, de Gruyter Mouton, pp.496-524, 2009. hal-02012602 HAL Id: hal-02012602 https://hal.univ-lyon2.fr/hal-02012602 Submitted on 23 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 19 Loanwords in Sakha (Yakut), a Turkic language of Siberia* Brigitte Pakendorf and Innokentij N. Novgorodov 1. The language and its speakers Sakha (often referred to as Yakut) is a Turkic language spoken in northeastern Siberia. It is classified as a Northeastern Turkic language together with South Sibe- rian Turkic languages such as Tuvan, Altay, and Khakas. This classification, however, is based primarily on geography, rather than shared linguistic innovations (Schönig 1997: 123; Johanson 1998: 82f); thus, !"erbak (1994: 37–42) does not include Sakha amongst the South Siberian Turkic languages, but considers it a separate branch of Turkic. The closest relative of Sakha is Dolgan, spoken to the northwest of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
    [Show full text]
  • The Common Slavic Element in Russian Culture
    COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES SLAVIC STUDIES Slavic Philology Series NIKOLAI TRUBETZKOY THE COMMON SLAVIC ELEMENT IN RUSSIAN CULTURE Edited by Leon Stilman Copyright 1949 by the Ikpartmmt of Slavic Languqp Columk univmity The preparation md publication of the aavsrml seriea of work. wder UyZC -1ES hmrm been madm paseible by m gt~t from the Rockefeller Qoundmtion to the Dapartmat of Slrrie Professof N. Trubetzkoy's study on The Cannon Slavic Eleaent in Russian Culture was included in a volume of his collected writings which appeared in 1927, in Paris, under the general title K #roblcme russkogo scwo#o~~anijo.Tbe article was trans- lated fm the Russian bg a group of graduate students of the Departant of Slavic Languages, Columbia Universi tr, including: Ime Barnsha, Hamball Berger, Tanja Cizevslra, Cawrence G, Jones, Barbara Laxtimer, Henry H. Hebel, Jr., Nora B. Sigerist- Beeson and Rita Slesser, The editor fobad it advisable to eli- atnate a number of passqes and footnotes dealing with minor facts; on the other bad, some additions (mainly chro~ologieal data) were made in a fen iwstances; these additions, ia most instances, were incorporated in tbe text in order to amid overburdening it with footnotes; they are purely factual in nature md affect In no the views and interpretations of tbe author. L. S. CONTENTS I Popular ad literarp lan@=ge.- Land11.de and d1abct.- Pxot+Slavic: itn dlalnte$ratlon: Bouthorn, Weatern and EwGern Slavi0.- Li torarr landuadem: thelr evolutiarr: their cnlatlon to apoken vernsaulam ..... 11 Old Church Slevonle: Its origiao and Its role.- The early reeensLma.- Old Bulgmrian Church Slavonlc and its progaget1on.- Church Blavoaie in Russia: sound changes; the Eastern and Wentern Russian trnditloa: the the second South Slavic influenca: the uakfled Ruseisn rocenaim ..........
    [Show full text]