“Restoring to Use Our Almost Forgotten Dances”: Writings on the Collection
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MONA DOUGLAS “RESTORING TO USE OUR ALMOST-FORGOTTEN DANCES” THE COLLECTION AND REVIVAL OF MANX FOLK SONG AND DANCE MONA DOUGLAS 1 “RESTORING TO USE OUR ALMOST-FORGOTTEN DANCES” 2 “RESTORING TO USE OUR ALMOST-FORGOTTEN DANCES” 1 WRITINGS ON THE COLLECTION AND REVIVAL OF MANX FOLK DANCE AND SONG BY MONA DOUGLAS 2 Edited by Stephen Miller Chiollagh Books 2004 This electronic edition first published in 2004 by Chiollagh Books 26 Central Drive Onchan Isle of Man British Isles IM3 1EU Contact by email only: [email protected] Originally published in 1994 under the title: Mona Douglas: Manx Folk-Song, Folk Dance, Folklore, Collected Writings Reprinted here in a reset 2nd edition, corrected, enlarged, and expanded © 2004 Chiollagh Books All original material by Mona Douglas © 2004 Estate of Mona Douglas Administered by the Trustees of the Manx Museum and National Trust (Manx National Heritage) Details of all texts included in the copyright notice are to be found on pages 77–80 & 121–23 All Rights Reserved isbn 1-898613-15-x CONTENTS 1 Introduction i * “Restoring to use our almost-forgotten dances” 1. Folk-Lore Notes: Lezayre Notes (1916) 1 2. Liverpool Manx Society: Lecture-Recital by Miss Mona Douglas, “Manx Folk Song” (1925) 3 3. Songs of the Manx Nation (1927) 6 4. Ceremonial Folk-Song, Mumming, and Dance in the Isle of Man (1928) 9 5. Twelve Manx Folk Songs, Set 1 (1928) 13 6. Twelve Manx Folk Songs with Manx Gaelic and English Words, Set 2 (1929) 14 7. Animals in Manx Folklore and Song (1930) 16 8. Five Manx Folk Dances, Set I (1936) 25 9. Manx Folk Dances: their Notation and Revival (1937) 27 10. The Traditional Dances of Mann (1941) 35 11. Folk Song and Dance in Mann with Some Notes on Collection and Revival of the Dances (1949) 39 12. Seven Manx Folk Dances, Set II (1953) 47 13. The Manx Dirk Dance as Ritual (1957) 48 14. Some Ritual Dances of Mann (1957) 51 15. Twelve Manx Folk Songs with Manx Gaelic and English Words, Set 3 (1957) 56 CONTENTS 16. ‘A Chiel’ Amang ’Em’: Memories of a Collector on the Isle of Man (1958) 57 17. Story of a Militant Manxwoman: Sophia Morrison was a Champion of Manx Culture (1964) 61 18. Can We Re-Popularise Manx Folk Music and Dance? (1973) 66 19. Manx Gaelic Singing (1973) 69 20. Hunting the Dance in Mann (1973) 70 21. Songs in Manx Gaelic (1975) 74 22. Manx Music: Then and Now (1978) 77 23. The Leighton Stowell Book of Manx Dances (1981) 81 24. Rinkaghyn Vannin: Dances of Mann ([1983]) 84 Sources 87 * “mona douglas came to crammag” 25. “Longing” (1914) 95 26. “Billy the Dollan” (1915) 96 27. Manx-Song and Maiden-Song (1915) 97 28. Learning Manx (1915–16) 98 29. Letters to Sophia Morrison (1915–16) 99 30. The Manx Call to Arms: And the Answer (1916) 100 31. “The Fairy Tune” (1916) 101 32. “Ersooyl” (1917) 102 CONTENTS 33. The Manx Language Society (1917) 103 34. Bessie Cowley (1919) 104 35. Letter from W.H. Gill (1921) 105 36. Letter to J.J. Kneen (1929) 106 37. “The Green Flash” (1929) 107 38. “Aeglagh Vannin: Objects” (1932) 108 39. “Manx Nationalism and Aeglagh Vannin” (1932) 109 40. “A Rallying Song for Aeglagh Vannin” (1934) 112 41. A Manx Primer (1935) 113 42. “‘Ta Mee Nish Keayney’: An Old Manx Song Expanded” (1942) 115 43. “The Laare Vane” (1942) 116 44. The Secret Island (1943) 117 45. Storied Isle (1951) 118 Sources 121 2 appendix Mr J.D. Qualtrough’s Stirring Address to [the] Manx Society (1942) 127 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION Ten years have passed since this collection first appeared under the title Mona Douglas: Manx Folk-Song, Folk Dance, Folklore, Collected Writings (1994) and a reprint has been planned for several years.1 Firstly, to correct the many infelicities of typography that have become apparent, the imposition of house style not being as consistent as was at first thought.2 Secondly, and perhaps inevitably, to add texts overlooked (or disregarded) at the time, the use of the term “collected writings” always a hostage to fortune, especially in an area that is as poorly served bibliographically as is Manx Studies.3 Two of the extra six pieces appearing here in this second edition were found in newspapers as a serendipitous result of working on other topics.4 The inclusion of these two newspaper pieces perhaps calls for a clarification of the selection criteria. Mona Douglas was profilic as a journalist, although she did not follow that as a profession, being employed in the Island’s Rural Library from 1933 until her retirement in 1966. To pursue her in newsprint over the years is a near impossible task and unlikely to bring sufficient reward should it be so embarked on. Compendiums of some of her output of journalism and other occasional pieces do exist,5 but none of her contributions on the subject matter treated with here are worth reproducing, bar one piece.6 1 Stephen Miller, ed., Mona Douglas: Manx Folk-Song, Folk Dance, Folklore, Collected Writings, (Onchan: Chiollagh Books, 1994). 2 The format has likewise been changed so this is also a reset edition as well as being corrected, enlarged, and expanded. Finally, the title has also changed. 3 For the first attempt to list Mona Douglas’ substantive writings see Stephen Miller, “Mona Douglas: An Interim Checklist of Writings on Manx Folkways,” Manx Notes: Folkways and Language 4 (1993). The follow-up to this was Miller, ed., Mona Douglas: Manx Folk-Song, Folk Dance, Folklore, Collected Writings. 4 The six extra pieces are “Liverpool Manx Society: Lecture-Recital by Miss Mona Douglas, ‘Manx Folk Song’,” Isle of Man Weekly Times 14 March 1925, “Songs of the Manx Nation,” Isle of Man Weekly Times 19 March 1927, “Story of a Militant Manxwoman: Sophia Morrison was a Champion of Manx Culture,” This is Ellan Vannin: A Miscellany of Manx Life and Lore (Douglas: Times Press, n.d. [1964]), “Can We Re-Popularise Manx Folk Music and Dance?,” Manninagh 3 (1973), “Manx Gaelic Singing,” Manninagh 3 (1973), “Manx Music: Then and Now,” Manx Life March–April 1978. 5 This is Ellan Vannin: A Miscellany of Manx Life and Lore (Douglas: Times Press, n.d. [1964]), This is Ellan Vannin Again: Folklore (Douglas: Times Press, 1966). The last item reprints many of the pieces from the first title here, often with just slight and only minor changes. The pieces first appeared in the Isle of Man Weekly Times. See too, They lived in i Stephen Miller This collection has been restricted to material appearing, in the main, in academic journals and Insular small press magazines. Also reproduced as well are the forewords and prefaces to both her own and other published collections of Manx folk dance and song. Why then these two newspaper articles? Chronology is the key here. Her first article, a short piece on folklore collected by herself in Lezayre appeared in 1916. The second, on folk dance, was published in 1928. The newspaper pieces are from 1925 and 1927 and gain their inclusion from their early dates, presenting an early view of the activities and attitudes of the young Mona Douglas as she steps into the light as both a collector and a revivalist. On another issue raised by the notion of chronology, in the first edition the texts were grouped together thematically under three headings, namely folklore, folk dance, and folk song. In retrospect, this was a mistake as nothing was gained by such an arrangement, and so the texts now appear here in date order. Inevitably, there is more than a little recycling of material between her pieces, and in the case of the “Dirk Dance of the Kings of Man” elaboration and inflation through the years. Moreover, as regards those years, these twenty-four texts span the years, extraordinary, as it seems, from 1916 to 1983. Mona Douglas was born in 1898 and died only in 1987.7 Throughout all these years, she was continually active in the Celtic cause, never, it would appear, experiencing “burnout” at any stage. Mona Douglas was active, among other things, in teaching Manx folk dancing, and this accounts for not just dozens, but hundreds, and literally so, of Manx people who were taught by her. The catalyst for her revival of Manx folk dancing was the occasion of the English Folk Dance Society in 1929 holding an Easter Vacation School at Douglas and where: […] it came as a great surprise to many of the Manx members of that school, no less than to the English visitors, to find there were still surviving in living memory, in a sufficiently complete state to be recorded and demonstrated, some of the traditional dances of the Island.8 Ellan Vannin (Douglas: Times Press, 1968), We call it Ellan Vannin (Douglas: Times Press, 1970). Another such title is Christian Tradition in Mannin (Douglas: Times Press, 1965). 6 Douglas, “Story of a Militant Manxwoman: Sophia Morrison was a Champion of Manx Culture.” The exception is made because of the personal reminiscence of Morrison that this piece contains. 7 Born 18 September 1898, died 8 October 1987. For obituaries and other notices, see “Obituary: Miss Mona Douglas, MBE,” Peel City Guardian 17 October 1987, “Funeral of Mona Douglas,” Manx Independent 20 October 1987, Margery West, “Death of Miss Mona Douglas,” Isle of Man Examiner 13 October 1987, Joe Woods, “Mona Douglas: A Great Manx Cultural Personality,” Manx Independent 16 October 1987, “Mona Douglas Memorial to be Established,” Manx Independent 13 October 1987.