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The Experience of Nature and the Formative Process in the Prelude

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The Experience of Nature and the Formative Process in the Prelude UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS LITERATURAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS LITERATURAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA TESE DE DOUTORAMENTO Márcio José Coutinho THE EXPERIENCE OF NATURE AND THE GROWTH OF THE POET’S MIND IN THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL POEM THE PRELUDE, BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Orientador: Profa. Dra. Kathrin Rosenfield PORTO ALEGRE, 2012. 2 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS LITERATURAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS LITERATURAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA THE EXPERIENCE OF NATURE AND THE GROWTH OF THE POET’S MIND IN THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL POEM THE PRELUDE, BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Doutorando: Márcio José Coutinho Orientador: Profa. Dra. Kathrin Rosenfield Tese de Doutoramento apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Letras na ênfase de Literaturas de Língua Inglesa. PORTO ALEGRE, 2012. 3 4 To my parents and siblings. For the inconditional and unrestricted love! 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: I must spare a word to say to those whose presence and advice have been indispensable for the realization of this doctoral dissertation. First of all, I want to thank UFRGS and PPGLetras for the opportunity and the institutionalized space for the realization of this investigation; CNPq and CAPES for the financial support that allowed me to dedicate fully to the research during half of my stay in this Post-Graduation course. I would like to express my thankfulness to Professor Kathrin Rosenfield for accepting to advise the execution of this project; for guiding me through the winding ways I insisted all the time to chose, for her right instructions and wise admonishments during the times I felt lost. Then I want to express my gratitude to those professors who have been following my intellectual progress with lessons and instructions since I entered this Program: Professors Sandra Sirangelo Maggio, Rosalia Neumann Garcia, Lawrence Flores Pereira, Rita Terezinha Schmidt, Michael Korfmann, Christian Hamm, Christoph Schamm and Robert Ponge. My special thoughts for Professor Sandra Sirangelo Maggio and Rejane Pivetta de Oliveira for having composed the Qualifying Commitee. My special thanks to Professor Rosani Umbach for having advised my Master Thesis at PPGL/UFSM, where my academic trajectory started. Never forgetting the role of PPGLetras’ former and present Headmasters: Professors Lúcia Rebello, Gisela Colishorn, Valdir Flores and Antonio Sanseverino; and PPGLetras Secretary’s Office, specially the friendly attendance of the secretary Canísio Scher. UFRGS’ and PUCRS’ libraries provided much of the needed material for this research. I also wish to thank Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul (SEC), Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Porto Alegre (SMED), Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (PMPA), Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Cultura e Desporto de Passo do Sobrado (SMECD) and Prefeitura Municipal de Passo do Sobrado (PMPS). My best regards for the fellow teachers and students at EEEF Marechal Mallet and Language School Porto Idiomas where I got my first experiences as an English teacher. I would also like to thank Lassalle Idiomas for the allowance granted to observe a pair of English classes when I felt the need of pedagogical examples to improve my own teaching practice in the middle of 2008. And the most sincere compliments for my colleagues and students at EMEF Neusa Brizola and EMEF Lidovino Fanton, places where I have the blessedness of being a teacher at. I want to utter my respect to Verônica Wetter Dallegrave (in memoriam), for her example of love to English and German languages. My affection and admiration to my colleagues of Master and Doctorate courses at UFRGS’ Programme of Post-Graduation with special regards to my companions Adriane Veras and Carlos Ludwig. Now my cordial thanks to my relatives whose constant presence and help made my sojourn easier and happier in the “vast city”: uncle Ildo, aunt Voni, Gisele and Fabio; uncle Darci, aunt Iracema and Alice. Yet my most cordial gratitude for that family which received me in its bosom like a son and brother, amid whom I have been living during these four years of hard studious labour: uncle Geceí, aunt Nilva, Diefferson, for your kind welcome, assistance, love and admiration, as you saw this text being written day after day, there is much of you in this dissertation and I owe much of the joy of finishing it to you. My parents Aurio and Lori Coutinho, my brothers and sisters, Mateus, Maria and Valdir, João and Marília: for all the distance and absence I had to bear, for all the times I missed you in true love I want to share the happiness of this work with you. For the highest blessing of following our vocation consists in having a happy family and good friends to share the merriment and the exultation of finishing our tasks. 6 EPIGRAPHES: „Da ich noch um deinen Schleier spielte, Noch an dir, wie eine Blüte, hing, Noch dein Herz in jedem Laute fühlte, Der mein zärtlichbebend Herz umfing, Da ich noch mit Glauben und mit Sehnen Reich, wie du, vor deinem Bilde stand, Eine Stelle noch für meine Tränen, Eine Welt für meine Liebe fand, Da zur Sonne noch mein Herz sich wandte, Als vernähme seine Töne sie, Und die Sterne seine Brüder nannte Und den Frühling Gottes Melodie, Da im Hauche, der den Hain bewegte, Noch dein Geist, dein Geist der Freude sich In des Herzens stiller Welle regte, Da umfingen goldne Tage mich.“ (An die Natur – Friedrich Hölderlin) “‘One adequate support For the calamities of mortal life Exists – one only; an assured belief That the procession of our fate, howe’er Sad or disturbed, is ordered by a Being Of infinite benevolence and power; Whose everlasting purposes embrace All accidents, converting them to good. – The darts of anguish fix not where the seat Of suffering hath been thoroughly fortified By acquiescence in the Will supreme For time and for eternity; by faith, Faith absolute in God, including hope, And the defence that lies in boundless love Of his perfections; with habitual dread Of aught unworthily conceived, endured Impatiently, ill-done, or left undone, To the dishonour of his holy name. Soul of our Souls, and safeguard of the world! Sustain, thou only canst, the sick of heart; Restore their languid spirits, and recall Their lost affections unto thee and thine!’” (The Excursion – William Wordsworth) 7 RESUMO: Em seu poema autobiográfico O Prelúdio William Wordsworth relata o modo como os principais eventos de sua vida levaram ao seu desenvolvimento espiritual a fim de tornar-se um poeta. Na chamada poesia de Natureza isso pressupõe a influência da experiência direta e viva com os objetos e elementos do mundo natural. Meu intento nesta tese consiste em investigar a qual ponto a formação individual representada na narrativa é resultado da experiência vivida – estética, moral e intelectual – do sujeito em relação às formas belas e sublimes do mundo exterior em paralelo com a constituição imaginativa de sua consciência; ou da elaboração retórica e associativa de imagens, analogias, metáforas, símbolos, conceitos e concepções tomados de um conjunto de saberes literários, filosóficos, religiosos, psicológicos e científicos da tradição ocidental em voga na época de Wordsworth. Além disso, busquei examinar de que modo a experiência da Natureza se associa ao papel da educação formal e da observação impactante da estrutura social e política advinda das transformações da modernidade, vindo a formar a visão de mundo do poeta e a crença no papel fundamental da poesia como depositária laico-sagrada da sabedoria essencial da humanidade. Os argumentos que dão sustentação à minha interpretação do poema baseiam-se na análise de uma estrutura narrativa de história individual de nascimento em meio ao mundo natural, de criação de laços de pertencimento a este meio, de afastamento da Natureza e de retorno a ela. A região natal de Wordsworth no Disrito dos Lagos Ingleses, no Norte da Inglaterra, é vista como equivalente primeiro da Natureza. Portanto é represetada analogicamente como um parâmetro físico e sensível que fundamenta aquilo que o herói deverá entender como Natureza: primeiro enquanto mundo visível, e a partir deste corolário em suas dimensões sensoriais e sentimentais, intelectuais e emocionais, morais e espirituais. Destarte, esta pesquisa organiza-se em três partes. Na primeira parte, procurei reconstruir as experiências do herói ao longo dos principais eventos de seu percurso autobiográfico, com vistas a reconstituir o seu sentido para a construção (Bildung) da sensibilidade do sujeito, emocional, intelectual e espiritualmente, de acordo como estas experiências tenham sido vividas ou recordadas. Na segunda, tratei separadamente dos tipos de contato empírico do herói com as formas naturais em momentos de observação, contemplação e meditação, dando ênfase à percepção sensorial, especialmente em suas funções visual e auditiva; aos impulsos sentimentais e emocionais ligados à sensibilidade corporal; e finalmente à intuição transcendente e à visão metafísica que acompanha as relações espirituais sentidas na responsividade anímica e espiritual do sujeito – em comunhão tranquila ou êxtase elevado – com a essência mais profunda manifestada na vida das coisas que o rodeiam. Por fim, na terceira parte, voltei- me para a análise dos recursos empregados para a construção estética e reelaboração retórica dos conteúdos da experiência humana representados na narrativa a partir da associação de conteúdos imaginários, metafóricos, simbólicos, conceituais e alusivos que indicam a apropriação de um conjunto de saberes e conhecimentos tomados de empréstimo a uma tradição intelectual e letrada. Enquanto resultado, sustento a tese de que Wordsworth combina dois elementos fundamentais na construção poética de O Prelúdio. De um lado há a expressão emocional dos efeitos interiores causados pela impressão das formas naturais, com base no que se pode conceber enquanto representação realista, ou seja, fiel às formas empíricas da percepção humana e relativa à atenção do sujeito ao ambiente circundante e à cor local.
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