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Seed Treatment for Insects

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Seed Treatment for Insects Insect, Nematode, and Disease Control in Michigan Field Crops MSU Bulletin E-1582 2006 Field Season Contributors: Entomology Chris DiFonzo & Michael Jewett Department of Entomology Nematology Fred Warner MSU Diagnostic Services Plant Pathology Diane Brown-Rytlewski & William Kirk Department of Plant Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 **This bulletin contains information on the management of field crops insects, nematodes, and diseases, including recommendations for pesticide use. Every attempt is made to verify product names, formulations, use rates, and other important information, but products and labels may change before the field season begins. Always read the label of a product to reconfirm rates, precautions, PPE, and other important information before use. SEED TREATMENTS for INSECTS Consult the following tables for registered seed treatments for soil insects. Many commercial formulations contain combinations of ingredients to provide a broader spectrum of protection, particularly fungicides to control diseases. When and why to treat seed Corn Seed treatment for seedcorn maggot is recommended when planting seed into cool, wet soil that delays germination (and exposes the seed to extended insect damage) and especially when planting g into soil high in decaying green organic matter (such as a cover crop). Seed treatment for wireworms and grubs is recommended when planting into established fallow/ sod, or in fields that have a history of grub infestation. Seed treatment for corn rootworm larval control is an alternative to granular insecticides at-planting. Few seed treatments can control rootworm, and the rate is greater than for control of other soil pests. Dry Beans Seed treatments protects seeds before germination from early season pests such as maggot and wireworms. Maggot damage can occur under cool, wet conditions that delay germination, particularly in soils with decaying green material (for example, a plowed-in cover crop). Wireworm damage can be expected when planting into fallow ground. Cruiser Soybeans Several new seed treatments are registered for soybean. They protect the seed before germination from seedcorn maggot and wireworms. Maggot damage can occurs under cool, wet conditions that delay germination, particularly in soils with decaying green material (for example, a plowed-in cover crop). Wireworm damage can be expected when planting into fallow ground. Cruiser and Gaucho are systemic, and move up into the growing plant to protect against certain foliar pests. However, the above-ground protection lasts a limited time – generally 35 to 40 days after planting – and damage can occur after the product runs out. CORN Seed Treatments registered for soil insect pests Insecticide Contains a Signal Corn Seedcorn REI Trade name common name fungicide? word rootworm maggot White grubs Wireworm hrs Agrox Premiere diazinon captan danger -- 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs -- -- 96 lindane metalaxyl Concur imidacloprid metalaxyl caution - 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs 24 Cruiser 5FS thiamethoxam no caution 5.1-9.0 oz/ 1.28-5.1 oz/ 1.28-5.1 oz/ 1.28-5.1 oz/ 12 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs Cruiser Extreme thiamethoxam fludioxonil caution 1.25 mg a.i. 0.25 mg a.i. 0.25 mg a.i. 0.25 mg a.i. 48 mefenoxam per seed per seed per seed per seed azoxystrobin Diazinon 50W diazinon no caution -- 0.5 oz/ bushel -- -- -- CleanCrop Gaucho 600 imidacloprid no caution _ 0.16-1.34 0.16-1.34 0.16-1.34 12 mg/ kernel mg/ kernel mg/ kernel Germate Plus diazinon, vitavax caution -- 2 oz/ bushel -- 2 oz/ bushel 12 lindane Kernel Guard diazinon captan danger -- 2 oz/ bushel -- 2 oz/ bushel 12 lindane Kernel Guard Supreme permethrin vitavax caution -- 2 oz/ bushel -- 2 oz/ bushel 12 Kickstart diazinon, carboxin caution -- 2 oz/ bushel -- 2 oz/ bushel 12 lindane Kickstart VP permethrin carboxin caution -- 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs -- 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs 12 Latitude imidacloprid carboxin caution -- 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs -- 3.6 oz/ 100 lbs 24 metalaxyl Lorsban 50SL chlorpyrifos no warning -- 2 oz/ 100 lbs -- -- -- Poncho 250 and 1250 clothianidin no caution 1.25 mg ai/ 0.25 mg ai/ 0.25 mg ai/ 0.25 mg ai/ kernel kernel kernel kernel Seedmate Isotox F lindane captan danger -- 8 oz/ 100 lbs -- 4 to 8 oz/ 96 100 lbs Sorghum Guard lindane no danger -- -- -- 8 oz/ 100 lbs 12 DRY BEAN Seed Treatments registered for soil insect pests Common Contains a Signal Seedcorn Mex. Bean Potato REI Trade name name fungicide? word maggot Wireworm beetle leafhopper hrs Notes Cruiser 5FS thiamethoxam no caution 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 12 Protects against maggots; 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs protection against MBB seed seed seed seed and PLH runs out during the season. Lorsban 30F chlorpyrifos no 2.75 fl -- -- -- -- Applied as a slurry by a oz/100 lbs commercial seed treater seed Lorsban 50SL chlorpyrifos no Danger 2.0 oz per -- -- -- -- Applied as a slurry by a 100 lbs commercial seed treater seed SOYBEAN Seed Treatments registered for soil insect pests Common Contains a Signal Seedcorn Soybean Bean leaf REI Trade name name fungicide? word maggot Wireworm aphid beetle hrs Notes Cruiser 5FS thiamethoxam no caution 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 1.28 oz per 12 Sold as Cruiser Maxx Pak 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs 100 lbs when combined with seed seed seed seed ApronMaxx. Gaucho imidacloprid no caution 2-4 oz/ -- 2-4 oz/ 2-4 oz/ 12 Protects against maggot SB Flowable 100 wt 100 wt 100 wt damage; reduces damage of seed of seed of seed from aphids and BLB. Check label for important plant-back restriction. TRANSGENIC OPTIONS for INSECT CONTROL Several transgenic options are now available to control European corn boere (ECB) or Corn rootworm (CRW) in corn. These options contain genes for selective toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a common soil bacteria. The biotech traits are available alone, double-stacked, or stacked with the gene for glyphosate tolerance (‘Round-up Ready’). Biotech seed to control CRW also come treated with a product such as Poncho or Cruiser to control other soil insects. Controls Controls Herbicide Product Company Gene Bt protein ECB? Rootworm? tolerant? Agrisure CB NK Seeds/ Syngenta Bt 11 Cry 1Ab Yes No LL (formerly Yieldgard) (licensed to many seed Agrisure GT/CB companies) Bt 11 Cry 1Ab Yes No LL and RR Yieldgard Monsanto MON 810 Cry 1Ab Yes No Stacks w/ the Yieldgard RW (licensed to many seed MON 863 Cry 3 Bb No Yes RR gene are Yieldgard PLUS companies) MON 810 Cry 1Ab Yes Yes available MON 863 Cry 3 Bb Herculex I Pioneer / DowAgroSciences TC1507 Cry 1F Yes No LL Herculex RW No Yes LL Producers using transgenic corn must follow an Insect Resistance Management (IRM) plan to delay target insect from becoming resistant to Bt. IRM plans define the amount and placement of a non-Bt corn planting called a ‘refuge’. The refuge produces insects which are not exposed to Bt. In theory, these susceptible insects mate with any resistant insects produced in the Bt field, diluting resistance genes and delaying resistance. Details of the refuges differ with the type of corn. Refuge Size Refuge placement (% of field Can the refuge Location of the Block Head- Block Seed Type of acreage be treated for refuge compared in lands outside mixture Corn or area) the target pest? to the Bt field: field Strips in field field Bt corn 20% Yes = In field or Yes Yes Yes, 4-row Yes No for ECB But Do NOT use Within ½ mile minimum a Bt foliar spray (6 preferred) Bt corn 20% Yes = In field or adjacent Yes Yes Yes, 6-row Yes - No for CRW soil insecticide or (for ex, across road minimum adjacent seed treatment or ditch) (12 preferred) SEED TREATMENTS for PLANT PATHOGENS Consult the tables for registered treatments, and diseases that can be controlled. Many commercial formulations contain combinations of ingredients to provide a broader spectrum of protection. Some materials are protectants, which act on the surface of the seed. Others are systemic, and spread throughout the seed. Examples of systemic fungicides include: carboxin, imazalil, imidacloprid, mefanoxam, metalaxyl, propaconazol, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, and triticonazole. Bacillus subtilis is a living biocontrol bacterium that grows and colonizes the seed and root surface. When and why to treat seed Corn Seed treatment is recommended for all seed corn to prevent or reduce seed decay and seedling blights, especially in early planted corn. Corn seedling blights are more prevalent in cold, wet soil than in warmer soil (above 55 ºF). Seedling blights tend to be more severe in no-till or reduced tillage fields. Corn smut, leaf blights, stalk and ear rots and viruses are not controlled by seed treatments. Small grains Seed treatment of small grains is recommended for reducing seed decay and seedling blights, and controlling smuts and bunts. Seed borne head scab is another common problem. If scab-infected seed is being used, the seed should be treated before planting. Soybeans Seed treatment for soybeans can be beneficial if seed quality is poor (germination less than 80%). It is useful to control early season damping off. Damping off can be a problem where soils are poorly- drained. Pythium and Fusarium are active when soil temperatures are less than 60ºF, and soils are wet, conditions you might expect to find during early plantings. Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia are most active when soil temperatures are warmer, around 70-80º F. Seed that is infested with Sclerotinia (white mold) should be treated with a fungicide before it is used.
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