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Ecosystems and Agro-Biodiversity Across Small and Large-Scale Maize Production Systems, Feeder Study to the “TEEB for Agriculture and Food”

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Ecosystems and Agro-Biodiversity Across Small and Large-Scale Maize Production Systems, Feeder Study to the “TEEB for Agriculture and Food” Ecosystems and agro-biodiversity across small and large-scale maize production systems, feeder study to the “TEEB for Agriculture and Food” i Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge TEEB and the Global Alliance for the Future of Food on supporting this project. We would also like to acknowledge the technical expertise provided by CONABIO´s network of experts outside and inside the institution and the knowledge gained through many years of hard and very robust scientific work of the Mexican research community (and beyond) tightly linked to maize genetic diversity resources. Finally we would specially like to thank the small-scale maize men and women farmers who through time and space have given us the opportunity of benefiting from the biological, genetic and cultural resources they care for. Certification All activities by Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, acting in administrative matters through Nacional Financiera Fideicomiso Fondo para la Biodiversidad (“CONABIO/FFB”) were and are consistent under the Internal Revenue Code Sections 501 (c)(3) and 509(a)(1), (2) or (3). If any lobbying was conducted by CONABIO/FFB (whether or not discussed in this report), CONABIO/FFB complied with the applicable limits of Internal Revenue Code Sections 501(c)(3) and/or 501(h) and 4911. CONABIO/FFB warrants that it is in full compliance with its Grant Agreement with the New venture Fund, dated May 15, 2015, and that, if the grant was subject to any restrictions, all such restrictions were observed. How to cite: CONABIO. 2017. Ecosystems and agro-biodiversity across small and large-scale maize production systems, feeder study to the “TEEB for Agriculture and Food”. ii List of Project Participants Advisers Mauricio Rafael Bellon Corrales, Bioversity International - Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) José Carlos Fernández, Independent adviser Hugo Rafael Perales Rivera, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Charles Aubrey Perrings, Arizona State University (ASU) Daniel Piñero, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - UNAM, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Core Research Team Gabriel Alejandro Tamariz Sánchez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) - Pennsylvania State University Esmeralda Gabriela Urquiza-Haas, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, CONACYT Research Fellow assigned to CONABIO Caroline Burgeff D´Hondt, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Francisca Acevedo Gasman, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Authors Francisca Acevedo Gasman, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Pedro Carlos Álvarez-Icaza Longoria, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Nancy Guadalupe Arizpe Ramos, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Vicente Arriaga Martínez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Carlos Eduardo Arroyo Cruz, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Alejandra Barrios Pérez, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) Mauricio Rafael Bellon Corrales, Bioversity International - Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Caroline Burgeff D´Hondt, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Saul Rafael Castañeda Contreras, Independent consultant Elleli Huerta Ocampo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, CONACYT Research Fellow assigned to CONABIO María Andrea Orjuela Restrepo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Daniel Ortiz Santa María, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Alejandro Ponce Mendoza, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Hugo Rafael Perales Rivera, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Erick Ryan Sarmiento, Independent consultant Laura Saad Alvarado, Independent consultant José Sarukhán Kermez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Edison Gastón Silva Cifuentes, Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar del Ecuador iii Gabriel Alejandro Tamariz Sánchez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) - Pennsylvania State University Daniela Torres Mendoza, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Patricia Tovar Milán, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) Esmeralda Gabriela Urquiza Haas, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Yatziri Zepeda Medina, Independent consultant Project Consultants Saul Rafael Castañeda Contreras, Independent consultant Angela Patricia Cuervo Robayo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Leopoldo Galicia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - UNAM Andrés Lira Noriega, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Erick Ryan Sarmiento, Independent consultant Edison Gastón Silva Cifuentes, Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar del Ecuador Alba Esmeralda Zarco Arista, Independent consultant Yatziri Zepeda Medina, Independent consultant Map Production Daniel Ortiz Santa María, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Ángela Patricia Cuervo Robayo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Andrés Lira Noriega, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)Cuauhtémoc Enríquez García, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Contributors Tonantzin Camacho Sandoval, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Oriana Castillo Sandoval, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Nancy Corona Pedroza, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Dulce María Flores Sánchez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Gustavo Leopoldo Garduño Ángeles, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Fabiola Alejandra González Páez, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Silvia Guadalupe Hernández García, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Elleli Huerta Ocampo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Patricia Koleff Osorio, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Jorge Larson Guerra, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Gabriela Mahelet Lozada Aranda, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Yessica Elizabeth Montiel Almanza, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Enrique Muñoz López, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Lucila Julita Neyra González, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Daniel Ocaña Nava, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Oswaldo Oliveros Galindo, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) iv Antonio Guillermo Robles Licea, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Lucía Paulina Sandoval Huerta, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Suketoshi Taba, Independent scientist Tania Roswitha Urquiza-Haas, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Martha Willcox, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) Translation Luis Lorenzo Esparza Serra, Independent translator Proofreading Keith MacMillan, Independent proofreader and translator1 1 Some sections of the final version (i.e. section 1, 4, 6.1, 6.4, and 7) were not proofread by our editor. v Index List of Project Participants ......................................................................................................................... iii List of boxes ............................................................................................................................................ viii List of figures .......................................................................................................................................... viii List of tables ............................................................................................................................................... x List of annexes ......................................................................................................................................... xii 0. Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 20 2. A Global Context on Maize .......................................................................................................... 33 2.1 The expansion of agriculture and maize ............................................................................................... 33 2.2 Maize and its uses .............................................................................................................................
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