Indiana Military History Journal Is Published by the Military History Section of the Indiana His Torical Society, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, 46202
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume 3 Number 3 October, 1978 F521 146 VOL3 N03 - - - Indiana Military History Journal is published by the Military History Section of the Indiana His torical Society, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, 46202. The editor is Dr. Richard M. Clutter, Indiana Central University. Military History Section Board of Directors Thomas M. Joyce, Chairman 152 North Mills Street Plainfield, Indiana 46168 D1·. Richard M. Clutter 1525 Windermire Indianapolis 46227 Mr. Harry Grube, Vice-Chairman 8077 Lieber Road Indianapolis 46260 Mrs. Helen B. Rhodes 4048 N. Brentwood Drive Indianapolis 46236 Mr. John W. Rowell R. R. 6, Carr Hill Road Columbus 47201 Col. William Scott P. 0. Box 41375, Stout Field Indianapolis 46241 Lt. Col. James Spears 4327 Kenmore Road Indianapolis 46226 Cpt. William J. Watt 1118 Westfield Court, West Indianapolis 46220 Indiana Military History Journal serves as the organ of the Military History Section and carries news of the Section as well as articles and documents, pictures, and reviews and notices of books and articles relating to Indiana's military past. It is hoped that the Journal will increase the know ledge and appreciation of the state's military heritage. The Journal is sent to members of the Indiana Historical Society who participate in the Military History Section. Correspondence concerning contributions to the Journal and responses to materials published therein should be addressed to the editor, Richard M. Clutter, Indiana CPntral University, 1400 E. Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis 46227. Cover: U. S. Army Medal of Honor, 1904 style. This medal is the type awarded after 1944, NOTE FROM THE EDITOR While a lad growing up on Hoosier soil in the heartland of America, some where along my journey of life I first heard of the Congressional Medal of Honor. I came to stand in awe, as innumerable youths before and after me did, of anyone who won that award of the highest distinction reserved for supreme gallantry in military service. Although as I grew older and more knowledgable about some of the murkey aspects of America's past and became aware that the award had been occasionally granted too freely, the prize never lost its luster for me. Inasmuch as two articles dealing with the history of the award (especially as relating to Indiana) arrived at my desk, it seemed fitting and proper to devote this issue largely to the Medal of Honor. Perhaps our readers someday will have the opportunity to visit the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon which contains giant replicas of the Navy, Army, and Air Force versions of the medal as well as the names of its recipients permanently recorded on its walls. Occasionally notes of levity spin off from any war. The following letter, written by an unknown soldier in a camp of the First World War, presents an example. It comes from the collection of Rudolf K. Haerle, a member of the Military History Section and well known to many persons concerned with Indiana's military past. -Editor- Headquarters Co, 2nd Engr Tr Regt Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va August 2, 1918 Dear Aunt Lizzie, I have owed you a letter for a couple of days so I guess I will answer it tonight before I go up to the barracks. I have just returned from a show at the Ravine and it was pretty good. They had a duet of 2 soldiers who used to be on the stage. They both had high tenor voices and sang in fine harmony. For encores they sang parodies on popular songs. I'll try to tell you two of them if I can remember them. The first was to the tune of the song called "Mother" that was popular about a year ago and went like this: S is for the soup they always feed us H is for the ham we never get 0 is for the onions in the gravy V is for the victory we'll have yet E is for the end of our enlistment L is for the land we love so dear Put them all together they spell shovel The emblem of the engineer. 3 4 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL The other one is to the tune of "Just Before the Battle Mother" and is as follows: Good bye Humphreys we must leave you Yes and leave you mighty quick I'll be blamed if I can soldier With a shovel and a pick. Captain says my gun is rusty I'm not sure but that he's right If he'll inspect my pick and shovel He will find them shining bright. They made quite a hit. Then while I am on the subject of songs I guess I'll tell you the parody we sing on "Keep Your Head Down Allemand", a song Helen probably knows. It goes like this: Keep away from the Engineers Keep away from the Engineers They'll break your back With a shovel and a pack It's awful, its awful They'll send you along the road Without any decent clothes If you want to go to France With a whole pair of pants Keep away from the Engineers. What do you think of the poets down here? Well Aunt Lizzie I am going to cut this short and go to bed. Taps is just blow ing and I have not been in bed at Taps in some time so I kind of need the sleep Your loving nephew, John. As editor of the Indiana Military History Jo urnal, I extend a special invitation to any of its readers to submit articles for publication. Persons desirous of publish ing should first write me in care of Indiana Central University, indicating their proposed topics and the dates by which their writings can be completed. Final drafts should be 1,000 to about 3,000 words in length, carefully proofread for accuracy, typed double space, and documented. Footnotes should be typed double space on separate pages at the back of the manuscript. Newspaper citations should include page numbers. Possible topics are the history of military units and bases, veterans' organiza tions, reports of interviews with former servicemen, military activities of blacks and women, life on the home front in time of war, and military careers of indi vidual Hoosiers. The overall thrust of articles preferably should pertain in some way to Indiana's military past, but publication is not restricted to such writings. Topics may range over the long spectrum of Indiana's relationship to Indian warfare, the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, Mexican War, Civil War, World Wars I and II, and the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. One need not be a professional historian or writer to submit an article for publication in the Jo urnal, and the editor will be glacl to work with those who have had no prior experience in publishing. ABOVE AND BEYOND: INDIANA RECIPIENTS OF THE MEDAL OF HONOR by Stephen M.Carr* It is only a small piece of light blue cloth, covered with several small white stars. It seems insignificant at first glance, but this piece of cloth represents much more than its small size indicates. Today, only four men from Indiana are eligible to wear it. This small piece of cloth is the lapel pin for the Medal of Honor, the highest United States military award for bravery. Earning the Medal of Honor is not easy. Of the more than thirty-six million men and women who have served in the Armed Forces since the medal was created in 1861, only 3378 have received it, or roughly nine ten thousandths of one percent of those who have served. Ninety-nine of these recipients have been associated with Indiana, either by being born, by entering the service, or by spending most of their post-service lives in the state. The Medal of Honor is unique in a number of ways. Besides its scarcity, it is the only American decoration to be worn f.rom the neck.1 Recipients are eligible for free military transportation, on a space-available basis, and a $100 per month pension. In addition, qualified sons, and now daughters, of medal winners are ad mitted to the military academies by direct presidential appointment if academically qualified. The Medal of Honor is also the only American decoration to be the subject of special legislation to protect it from imitation and abuse. The Medal of Honor was the first American decoration for valor. The idea for the medal was originally suggested by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Townsend, the Army Adjutant General, in early 1861. General Winfield Scott, the aged commander of the Army, adamantly opposed the idea, however, claiming that medals represent ed European ideals and not American ones.2 The Army quickly dropped the idea. The Navy Department saw merit in Townsend's idea, and in early December, 1861, a bill "To Promote the Efficiency of the Navy" was introduced in the United States Senate. Hidden in Section 7 was a provision for "two hundred medals of honor... which shall be bestowed upon such petty officers, seamen, landsmen, and marines, as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action and other seaman-like qualities.. .."3 After passing both houses of congress, this measure was signed into law on December 21, 1861. The Army, meanwhile, decided it also needed a medal. When General Scott, the major obstacle to the award, retired, a bill to create 2000 Army Medals of Honor was introduced in congress. These medals were to be presented "to such non-com missioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action, and other soldier-like qualities.