MILITARY HISTORY

JOURNAL

INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Volume 3 Number 3

October, 1978

F521 146 VOL3 N03 - - - Indiana Military History Journal is published by the Military History Section of the Indiana His­ torical Society, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, 46202. The editor is Dr. Richard M. Clutter, Indiana Central University.

Military History Section Board of Directors

Thomas M. Joyce, Chairman 152 North Mills Street Plainfield, Indiana 46168

D1·. Richard M. Clutter 1525 Windermire Indianapolis 46227

Mr. Harry Grube, Vice-Chairman 8077 Lieber Road Indianapolis 46260

Mrs. Helen B. Rhodes 4048 N. Brentwood Drive Indianapolis 46236

Mr. John W. Rowell R. R. 6, Carr Hill Road Columbus 47201

Col. William Scott P. 0. Box 41375, Stout Field Indianapolis 46241

Lt. Col. James Spears 4327 Kenmore Road Indianapolis 46226

Cpt. William J. Watt 1118 Westfield Court, West Indianapolis 46220

Indiana Military History Journal serves as the organ of the Military History Section and carries news of the Section as well as articles and documents, pictures, and reviews and notices of books and articles relating to Indiana's military past. It is hoped that the Journal will increase the know­ ledge and appreciation of the state's military heritage.

The Journal is sent to members of the Indiana Historical Society who participate in the Military History Section.

Correspondence concerning contributions to the Journal and responses to materials published therein should be addressed to the editor, Richard M. Clutter, Indiana CPntral University, 1400 E. Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis 46227.

Cover: U. S. Army , 1904 style. This medal is the type awarded after 1944, NOTE FROM THE EDITOR

While a lad growing up on Hoosier soil in the heartland of America, some­ where along my journey of life I first heard of the Congressional Medal of Honor. I came to stand in awe, as innumerable youths before and after me did, of anyone who won that award of the highest distinction reserved for supreme gallantry in military service. Although as I grew older and more knowledgable about some of the murkey aspects of America's past and became aware that the award had been occasionally granted too freely, the prize never lost its luster for me. Inasmuch as two articles dealing with the history of the award (especially as relating to Indiana) arrived at my desk, it seemed fitting and proper to devote this issue largely to the Medal of Honor. Perhaps our readers someday will have the opportunity to visit the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon which contains giant replicas of the Navy, Army, and Air Force versions of the medal as well as the names of its recipients permanently recorded on its walls.

Occasionally notes of levity spin off from any war. The following letter, written by an unknown soldier in a camp of the First World War, presents an example. It comes from the collection of Rudolf K. Haerle, a member of the Military History Section and well known to many persons concerned with Indiana's military past.

-Editor-

Headquarters Co, 2nd Engr Tr Regt Camp A. A. Humphreys, Va August 2, 1918

Dear Aunt Lizzie, I have owed you a letter for a couple of days so I guess I will answer it tonight before I go up to the barracks. I have just returned from a show at the Ravine and it was pretty good. They had a duet of 2 soldiers who used to be on the stage. They both had high tenor voices and sang in fine harmony. For encores they sang parodies on popular songs. I'll try to tell you two of them if I can remember them. The first was to the tune of the song called "Mother" that was popular about a year ago and went like this: S is for the soup they always feed us H is for the ham we never get 0 is for the onions in the gravy V is for the victory we'll have yet E is for the end of our enlistment L is for the land we love so dear Put them all together they spell shovel The emblem of the engineer.

3 4 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

The other one is to the tune of "Just Before the Battle Mother" and is as follows: Good bye Humphreys we must leave you Yes and leave you mighty quick I'll be blamed if I can soldier With a shovel and a pick. Captain says my gun is rusty I'm not sure but that he's right If he'll inspect my pick and shovel He will find them shining bright. They made quite a hit. Then while I am on the subject of songs I guess I'll tell you the parody we sing on "Keep Your Head Down Allemand", a song Helen probably knows. It goes like this: Keep away from the Engineers Keep away from the Engineers They'll break your back With a shovel and a pack It's awful, its awful They'll send you along the road Without any decent clothes If you want to go to France With a whole pair of pants Keep away from the Engineers. What do you think of the poets down here? Well Aunt Lizzie I am going to cut this short and go to bed. Taps is just blow­ ing and I have not been in bed at Taps in some time so I kind of need the sleep

Your loving nephew, John.

As editor of the Indiana Military History Jo urnal, I extend a special invitation to any of its readers to submit articles for publication. Persons desirous of publish­ ing should first write me in care of Indiana Central University, indicating their proposed topics and the dates by which their writings can be completed. Final drafts should be 1,000 to about 3,000 words in length, carefully proofread for accuracy, typed double space, and documented. Footnotes should be typed double space on separate pages at the back of the manuscript. Newspaper citations should include page numbers. Possible topics are the history of military units and bases, veterans' organiza­ tions, reports of interviews with former servicemen, military activities of blacks and women, life on the home front in time of war, and military careers of indi­ vidual Hoosiers. The overall thrust of articles preferably should pertain in some way to Indiana's military past, but publication is not restricted to such writings. Topics may range over the long spectrum of Indiana's relationship to Indian warfare, the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, Mexican War, Civil War, World Wars I and II, and the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. One need not be a professional historian or writer to submit an article for publication in the Jo urnal, and the editor will be glacl to work with those who have had no prior experience in publishing. ABOVE AND BEYOND: INDIANA RECIPIENTS OF THE MEDAL OF HONOR by Stephen M.Carr*

It is only a small piece of light blue cloth, covered with several small white stars. It seems insignificant at first glance, but this piece of cloth represents much more than its small size indicates. Today, only four men from Indiana are eligible to wear it. This small piece of cloth is the lapel pin for the Medal of Honor, the highest military award for bravery. Earning the Medal of Honor is not easy. Of the more than thirty-six million men and women who have served in the Armed Forces since the medal was created in 1861, only 3378 have received it, or roughly nine ten thousandths of one percent of those who have served. Ninety-nine of these recipients have been associated with Indiana, either by being born, by entering the service, or by spending most of their post-service lives in the state. The Medal of Honor is unique in a number of ways. Besides its scarcity, it is the only American decoration to be worn f.rom the neck.1 Recipients are eligible for free military transportation, on a space-available basis, and a $100 per month pension. In addition, qualified sons, and now daughters, of medal winners are ad­ mitted to the military academies by direct presidential appointment if academically qualified. The Medal of Honor is also the only American decoration to be the subject of special legislation to protect it from imitation and abuse. The Medal of Honor was the first American decoration for valor. The idea for the medal was originally suggested by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Townsend, the Army Adjutant General, in early 1861. General , the aged commander of the Army, adamantly opposed the idea, however, claiming that medals represent­ ed European ideals and not American ones.2 The Army quickly dropped the idea. The Navy Department saw merit in Townsend's idea, and in early December, 1861, a bill "To Promote the Efficiency of the Navy" was introduced in the United States Senate. Hidden in Section 7 was a provision for "two hundred medals of honor... which shall be bestowed upon such petty officers, seamen, landsmen, and marines, as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action and other seaman-like qualities.. .."3 After passing both houses of congress, this measure was signed into law on December 21, 1861. The Army, meanwhile, decided it also needed a medal. When General Scott, the major obstacle to the award, retired, a bill to create 2000 Army Medals of Honor was introduced in congress. These medals were to be presented "to such non-com­ missioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action, and other soldier-like qualities. . . . "4 The bill was signed into law by President on July 12, 1862. Both services then had medals to reward brave deeds executed by enlisted personnel. The Army legislation was expanded before any medals could be awarded. In a bill signed into law on March 3, 1863, Army officers were made eligible for the award.5 The Navy did not make its officers eligible for the medal until 1915. While the Army medal was being legislated into existence, the Navy Depart­ ment was working on designs for their new medal.After rejecting several designs, Secretary of the Navy, , accepted one from the Unites States Mint. This medal, made of bronzed copper, was a five pointed star bearing ne likeness of the Goddess Minerva, noted for her wisdom �d fairness in battle, repl 1.ing a croucl­ ing male, who represented the "foul spirit of Secession and Rebellior " A. unJ tr edge were 34 stars, representmg the number of states in the Union be: L<= ·essi( .

5 6 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

The medal was hung from an anchor around which a cable was entwined. 6 The medal's reverse was left blank for engraving the recipient's name and rank and the date and place of the act for which the medal was awarded. The suspension ribbon was half blue and half red and white striped, signifying the Union flag. After the Army medal was created, Welles suggested, in an effort to save money, that both services use the same design. The War Department adopted his idea with slight modification. Instead of an anchor, its suspension had an eagle sitting on a pair of crossed cannons above a stack of cannon balls. 7 The first Medals of Honor were presented on March 25, 1863, to survivors of the Andrews' train raid in northern Georgia of April, 1862. One of the six recipi­ ents was Elihu H. Mason, a Hoosier. Mason, who served as a sergeant in the 21st Ohio Infantry, had been born in Wayne County in 1831. He was the first of fifty­ nine Indiana men to receive the Medal of Honor for bravery during the Civil War. Altogether, the Army awarded 1200 and the Navy 327 Medals of Honor for bravery during the Civil War. In addition, the Army awarded 870 medals under the "other soldier-like qualities" provision of the Original legislation. These 870 awards, including one to a Hoosier, were later rescinded as having been awarded illegally.8 MEDAL OF HONOR 7

The Medal of Honor continued to be awarded after the Civil War ended. Navy awards went primarily to men who performed acts of lifesaving while Army awards were given for bravery in the Indian campaigns. The Army also continued rewarding brave Civil War acts.9 Often these medals were awarded haphazardly. This abuse reached an extreme after the Battle of the Little Big Horn when almost every surviving member of the Seventh Cavalry was recommended for the medal. General Terry, in an effort to reward only those acts which were above and beyond the call of duty, established a board of officers to rule on each recommendation.1 0 This innovation was soon used in other regiments and, eventually, Army-wide. The problem of abuse of the Medal of Honor did not end with the creation of these boards. By the 1890s, badges similar to the Medal of Honor proliferated. The Grand Army of the Republic membership badge, worn by many Civil War veterans, was strikingly similar. The Army decided in 1896 that a change was necessary to protect the p�:estige of the Medal of Honor, and in November, the War Department issued an order changing the ribbon of the medal. The new ribbon retained the red, white, and blue colors of the old but rearranged them. In the center of the new ribbon was a narrow white stripe, flanked on either side by wider blue and red stripes.11 This move was intended to stop imitations, but it failed. Veterans organ­ izations changed their ribbons just as quickly as the government did. Finally in 1904 the Army changed the design of the medal itself. The new design (see Jo urnal cover) was made by George Gillespie, himself a recipient of the award, and was championed by an Indiana recipient, Orville T. Chamberlain. It retained the star shape of the older award, but instead of Minerva repelling the "foul spirit of Secession and Rebellion," the new medal had only Minerva's profile. Around the center of the medal was the inscription "United States of America" and a small shield. The tips of the star were connected by folds of green enamel olive leaves. The medal was made of gold plated silver and hung from a suspension bar that retained the eagle, in modified form, standing on a plaque containing the word "Valor." The ribbon was also changed to light blue studded with thirteen white stars. To prevent others from copying the new design, Gillespie had it patented and transferred the patent to the Secretary of War.12 For the next eleven years there were no major changes concerning the Medal of Honor. Then, on March 3, 1915, Congress passed a law making Navy and Marine 1 Corps officers eligible for the medal. 3 Two of the first Navy officers to receive the Medal of Honor under this legislation, Allen Buchanan and Jonas Ingram, were Indiana natives. During World War I the Navy changed the design of their medal and adopted the Army ribbon. The new Navy medal was a gold cross pattee with an anchor in each arm of the cross. In the center was the United States Coat of Arms, surrounded by the inscription "United States Navy, 1917-1918." The ribbon for the medal was hung from a top bar on which the word "Valour" was placed.14 This medal was used to decorate acts of heroism performed in combat while the old style Medal of Honor was retained to reward acts of noncombat heroism. Two medals were avail­ able until 1942 when the newer style was abolished. Two years later a directive stipulated that the medal be worn around the neck from a light blue cravat, and it is worn in this manner today. The Air Force created its.own Medal of Honor in 1965. That award retained the size and shape of the Navy medal but had the head of the Statue of Liberty in the center. The medal hung from a pair of wings surrounded by thunder bolts and a bar inscribed "Valor." * * * 8 INDIANA MILITARY HffiTORY JOURNAL

I STYLE NAVY MEDAL OF HONOR- WORLD WAR ..

Throughout the 115 years that the Medal of Honor has been awarded, ninety­ nine Hoosiers have received the award. These men include a former Indiana Lieu­ tenant Governor, a former California Superior Court Judge, a former Marine Corps Commandant, and 3 Navy Admirals. They also include farmers, laborers, clerks, auto mechanics, an undertaker, businessmen, editors, a couple of physicians, and even two town drunks. Unfortunately there has been some confusion in the past in determining which Medal of Honor recipients were accredited to Indiana. The first cumulative list of recipients by states was published in 1948. This official government listing now contains the names of seventy men accredited to Indiana.1 5 It has been used for various projects in the state, including the installation of the large plaque honoring Indiana Medal of Honor recipients at the World War Memorial in Indianapolis. This roster is incorrect. Twenty-nine men associated with Indiana by birth, by residence at the time of entering the service, or by living most of their post­ service lives in the state have been omitted. Some of these omissions are rather significant. Henry' Ware Lawton, for example, was born in Toledo, Ohio on March 17, 1843. He moved with his father to Fort Wayne in 1858 and enlisted from that city in the 9th Indiana Infantry soon after the start of the Civil War. Lawton was later commissioned and received the Medal of Honor for leading a charge on the Confederate rifle pits at Atlanta, Georgia on August 3, 1864. He served in the Regular Army after the Civil War and was widely known for his capture of the Indian, Geronimo. Lawton was a major general and second in command of the U. S. Army when he was shot and killed in the Battle of San Mateo in the Philippine Islands on December 19, 1899.16 MEDAL OF HONOR 9

Another significant omissiOn from the list is Robert Stoddard Robertson. Robertson was born in Argyle, New York on April 16, 1837. He served as a first lieutenant in the 93rd New York Volunteers during the Civil War and received the Medal of Honor for seizing the flag of a retreating regiment at Corbin's Bridge, Virginia on May 8, 1864, and turning the fleeing men about in the face of the advancing Confederates. Robertson moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1866 and began practicing law. He served one term as lieutenant governor of the state, from 1885 to 1887, and died in Fort Wayne on August 25, 1906.17 Another man whose name w.as omitted was Daniel Tweed Ferrier. Ferrier was not a significant figure in Indiana, but his omission from the list of Indiana medalists is perhaps more significant than either of the preceding two examples. The official government list shows him as being from an unknown locale, as his places of birth and entering the service were supposedly unknown.18 Ferrier, however, was the son of an early settler of Carroll County, being born near Delphi on November 26, 1841. He enlisted in Company K, 2nd Indiana Cavalry at Delphi and received the Medal of Honor for giving his horse to his dismounted commanding officer at the retreat near Varnell's Station, Georgia on May 9, 1864. Ferrier was captured during this engagement and held prisoner for several months before he was able to escape. After the war, he returned to Carroll County, where he farmed. He died at Burling­ ton, Carroll County, on March 18, 1914.19 Several other Indiana recipients were notable, such as Samuel Woodfill, whom General John Pershing referred to as the "greatest soldier in the A.E.F.," Indi­ anapolis' Rear Admiral Norman Scott, who led the United States naval forces in the Battles of Cape Esperance and Guadalcanal, and Peru's "Hiking" Hiram Bearss. But most of the medalists were like Daniel Ferrier and are hardly remembered today, even in their home towns. One of these forgotten recipients was Ruel M. Johnson. Johnson was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania in 1837 and came to Indiana at an early age, settling near Goshen. Although poor, he gained admittance to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and graduated with honors in 1858. He returned to Goshen where he read law and was admitted to the Bar. In August, 1862, he raised a company of 100 men and was sworn into service as Captain, Company D, 100th Indiana Infantry. He was later promoted to Colonel and participated in seventeen major battles, including Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge (he was one of the first to reach the crest), Resaca, Atlanta, and the March to the Sea. Johnson gained the Medal of Honor for gallantry at Missionary Ridge, Tennes­ see on November 25, 1863. When the commanding officer of the 100th Indiana was wounded, Johnson assumed command of the regiment and led the men in an assault on Tunnel Hill. When the regiment was ordered to take cover, Johnson remained exposed, for four hours, cheering his men and urging them to stand fast. He had four bullets pass through his clothing during the fight and was finally wounded in the right cheek by a piece of shell. He continued to pace in front of his men, urging them to hold their position. When the fighting finally stopped, he descended from his exposed position. During the Battle of Atlanta eight months later, Johnson was captured. He was held in Confederate prisons until exchanged, at General Sherman's request, on September 28, 1864. He then resumed command of the 100th Indiana and led them until the war ended. After leaving the service, Johnson returned' to Goshen and practiced law. In 1878 he accepted a position as legal lecturer for a school in Europe and spent the next three years touring Germany. Upon his return from Europe, he resumed his 10 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

legal practice, but in 1886 he accepted an appointment as clerk of the New Mexico Supreme Court. He was later elected clerk of the U. S. District Court for the Terri­ tory of New Mexico and, in 1889, opened a law office in Las Vegas. In 1890, Johnson returned to Goshen where, on February 26, 1891, he married Jeanette Gortner. They had no children, and he died in Goshen on November 12 1901, of a heart attack. At the time of his death, he was one of Goshen's most prominent citizens. He was a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and Loyal Legion. 2 0

RUEL M. JOHNSON, c. 1880

Another recipient who has become obscure is Jeremiah Kuder who was born at Tiffin, Ohio, on July 12, 1835. He moved to Warsaw, Indiana, in the 1850s and worked as a carpenter. He enlisted as a corporal in Company A, 74th Indiana In­ fantry at Warsaw on July 17, 1862, and was soon promoted to sergeant major and, on June 9, 1864, to second lieutenant. He rose to first lieutenant on January 1, 1865, and to captain in April, 1865 but was never mustered as captain. Kuder received the Medal of Honor for leading his company in the assault on the Confederate works at Jonesboro, Georgia on September 1, 1864. During the fight Kuder captured two flags, those of the 8th and 19th Arkansas regiments. His medal was presented to him by Secretary of War in Washington on April 7, 1865. After receiving his medal, Kuder received a furlough and was finally mustered out of the service at Indianapolis on June 9, 1865. He returned to Warsaw and re­ sumed his carpenter work. Around the turn of the century, the veteran applied for a pension, claiming he suffered from rheumatism that had been contracted while in the service. The investigating officer, however, did not agree with Kuder's claim and wrote as follows: Claimant bears the reputation in Warsaw, Indiana of being a rough low down drinking man, of getting drunk frequently. . . . He was divorced MEDAL OF HONOR 11

from his wives because they could not live with him on account of his getting drunk and abusing them. Kuder's pension claim was denied. Finally, in 1912, he received a pension for his advanced age. At the time, he was living alone at the National Soldiers' Home in Marion. He died there on May 25, 1916 and was buried in the National Cemetery.21 Another Indiana medal winner was Peter John Ryan. Ryan was born in Tippe­ rary, Ireland on February 18, 1844. He came to America in 1851, but his trans­ Atlantic trip was not pleasant. His mother died during the voyage, and his father succumbed soon after landing. Ryan found himself alone, at age seven, in New York City. An aunt in Dayton, Ohio took him in, and he began to work in stables near his new home. Ryan was apprenticed in 1856 to a harness maker in Terre Haute, where he was living when the Civil War began. Ryan enlisted as a private in Company D, 11th Indiana Infantry at Terre Haute on July 20, 1861. He participated with his regiment in the campaigns in the West, including the Battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Vicksburg and gained a repu­ tation as a good and dependable soldier. After the 11th Indiana was transfered to the East, Ryan again showed his fighting spirit. At the Battle of Winchester, Virginia on September 19, 1864, he donned a Confederate uniform and with a comrade, John T. Sterling, captured fourteen Rebels during the severe fighting. For this deed, both men were awarded Medals of Honor on March 29, 1865. One month after the Battle of Winchester, Ryan received a gun shot wound in the right knee while leading his company in a charge at Cedar Creek, Virginia. He was hospitalized until the end of January, 1865, when hP. rejoiDed his company. He

PETER JOHN RY'AN, c. 1880 12 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

was mustered out of the service at Baltimore, Maryland on July 26, 1865. Ryan returned to Terre Haute and started a harness business. He also learned how to read and write, something he had not been able to do as a youngster. He married Mary Maloney, a Terre Haute native, on May 28, 1868, and they had five children. Ryan sold his harness business in 1875 and established the P. J. Ryan Under­ taking Establishment. He worked as an undertaker until the tum of the century, when he retired and turned the business over to his sons. Ryan died in Terre Haute on January 8, 1908, of diabetes and was buried in St. Joseph's Cemetery.22 The funeral home Peter Ryan founded in 1875 is still in business today. Promi­ nently displayed at the entrance of the Patrick Ryan Funeral Home is Peter Ryan's Medal of Honor. The medal is a living tribute to one of the ninety-nine Indiana men who, when called to serve their country, performed above and beyond the call of duty.

*Stephen M. Carr, a resident of Green Bay, Wisconsin, has done extensive research on Indiana's recipients of the Medal of Honor. He holds a degree in history, and this article is based on a talk he gave at a quarterly meeting of the Military History Section in the winter of 1978. 1 Another decoration, the Legion of Merit, Commander Class, is also worn from the neck, but this medal is awarded only to foreign chiefs-of-staff. 2 Joseph L. Schott, Aboue and Beyond, the Story of the Congressional Medal of Honor (New York, 1964), 17. 3 United States Laws, Statutes, ..., 12 Stat. 329-330. 4 United States Laws, Statutes, ..., 12 Stat. 623-624. 5 United States Laws, Statutes, ..., 12 Stat. 751-752, Section 6. 6 lr James Pollock, Director of the Mint, to Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, May 6, 1862, National Archives. 7 Wilson and Company, Philadelphia, letter to Secretary of War Stanton, October 30, 1862, in ) the National Archives, War Department, AGO 8847.A (EB)-1882. 8 For more information on the rescinding of these awards, see John J. Pullen, A Shower of Stars (New York, 1966) and "General Staff Corps and Medals of Honor," U. S. Senate Dpc. 58, 66th Congress, 1st Session, 1919. 9 The last Medal of Honor awarded for a Civil War act was presented to Henry Lewis, a former corporal in the 47th Ohio Infantry, on April 17, 1917. 10 U. S. War Department, "Recommendations of Company Commanders for Conspicuous Gallantry at Battle of Little Big Horn," filed in the National Archives, AGO 10818-A (EB) 1878, dated February 26, 1878. 11 War Department Orders, dated November 10, 1896. 12 U. S. Patent Office, letters relating to patent No. 37236, dated November 22, 1904 and December -, 1904, filed in the National Archives, War Department, AGO 461998. 13 United States Laws, Statutes, ..., 38 Stat. 928-931. 14 United States Congress, Act of February 4, 1919, Section 1. 15 Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U. S. Senate, Medal of Honor Recipients 1863-1973 (Washington, n.d. ), 965-6. In 1948 only sixty-four Hoosiers were listed. 16 Major General Henry W. Lawton of Fort Wayne, Indiana (Fort Wayne, 1954). 17 Colonel Robert S. Robertson, 1839 [sic] -1906 (Fort Wayne, n. d.), "Death Terminates Distinguished Career of Col. R. S. Robertson," Fort Wayne Journal and Gazette, August 25, 1906, p. 1. 18 Medal of Honor Recipients, p.917. 19 Recipient's pension file, National Archives, RG 94, file WC 58€,029; recipient's Medal of Honor file, National Archives, RG 94, fileR and P 495115. 2° C. W. Taylor, Biographical Sketches and Reuiew of the Bench and Bar of Indiana (Indi­ anapolis, 1895), 738-741; recipient's pension file, National Archives, RG 94, file XC 2,692,801. 21 Recipient's pension file, National Archives, RG 94, file SC 476-543; recipient's military file, National Archives, RG 94. 22 Recipient's pension file, National Archives, RG 94, file WC 650-406; recipient's military file, National Archives, RG 94; and Ryan Family Registration, Indianapolis Citizens Historical Asso­ ciation, No. 2 B88 D12 E84 Fl41, dated December 15, 1934, filed in the Indiana Collection, Indiana State Library. MEDAL OF HONOR 13

MASTER LIST INDIANA MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENTS

by Stephen M. Carr

CIVIL WAR

Name & Unit Date & Place Date & Place Burial Site of Birth of Death

Marion T. Anderson 11-13-1839 02-08-1904 Arlington 51st Indiana Inf. Clarksburg, IN Washington, D.C. National Cern.

James W. Archer 09-06-1828 01-28-1908 Riverside Cern. 59th Indiana Inf. Edgar Co., ILL. Washington, D.C. Spencer, IN

Clinton L. Armstrong 03-03-1844 01-05-1899 83rd Indiana Inf. Franklin Co., IN , OH Winchester, IN

George L. Banks 10-13-1839 08-20-1924 Mt. Hope Cern. 15th Indiana Inf. Lake Co. OH Independence, KS Independence

Thomas A. Blasdel 01-02-1843 10-12-1932 Fairlawn Cern. 83rd Indiana Inf. Dearborn Co., IN Sylvia, KS Hutchinson, KS

Thomas J. Box 11-07-1833 12-18-1914 Greenhill Cern. 27th Indiana Inf. Indianapolis, IN Bedford, IN

Charles W. Brouse 12-30-1839 10-26-1904 Crown Hill Cern. 100th Indiana Inf. New Albany, IN Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis

Louis J. Bruner 10-06-1834 01-28-1912 Greenpark Cern. 5th Indiana Cav. Monroe Co., IN Portland, IN Portland, IN

Abram J. Buckles 08-02-1846 01-19-1915 Fairfield Cern. 19th Indiana Inf. Delaware Co., IN Fairfield, CA Fairfield, CA

William Campbell 1834 USS Ticonderoga Indiana

William J. Carson 08-30-1840 12-13-1913 15th US Infantry Washington Co., PA Indianapolis, IN Muncie, IN

Orville T. Chamberlain 09-01-1841 05-27-1929 Gracelawn Cern. 74th Indiana Inf. Leesburg, IN Prescott, AZ Elkhart, IN

William W. Chisman 11-24-1843 04-25-1925 Elwood Cern. 83rd Indiana Inf. Dearborn Co., IN Augusta, KS Augusta, KS 14 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

John W. Conaway 09-17-1843 11-21-1913 Evergreen Cern. 83rd Indiana Inf. Dearborn Co., IN Post Falls, ID Post Falls, ID

John Davis 12-31-1901 17th Indiana Inf. Carroll Co., KY Cotopaxi, CO

John Ditzenback 1828 USS Neosho New York, NY

Allan H. Dougall 07-17-1836 05-22-1912 IOOF Cern. 88th Indiana Inf. Glasgow, Scotland Fort Wayne, IN New Haven, IN

James Dunlavy 02-04-1844 03-06-1923 3rd Iowa Cavalry Decatur Co., IN Enid, OK Maramec, OK

Coron D. Evans 1844 3rd Indiana Cav. Jefferson Co., IN

Charles S. Fall 11-12-1841 06-04-1918 IOOF Cemetery 26th Michigan Inf. Noble Co., IN W. Alhambra, CA Alhambra, CA

Nicholas Fanning 1841 3rd Iowa Cavalry Carroll Co., IN

Daniel T. Ferrier 11-26-1841 03-18-1914 Nebo Cemetery 2nd Indiana Cav. Carroll Co., IN Burlington, IN Camden, IN

Fredrick W. Fout 1839 15th Bty., In. Light Prussia, Germany Artillery

Joseph 0. Frantz 03-09-1837 (?) 10-14-1913 83rd Indiana Inf. Europae, France Minneapolis, MN Northfield, MN

Thomas N. Graham 09-16-1836 02-04-1911 Oak Hill Cern. 15th Indiana Inf. Monroe Co., IN Lawrence, KS Lawrence, KS

Henry M. Hardenbergh 09-1840 08-28-1864 39th Illinois Inf. Noble Co., IN Petersburg, VA

David H. Helms 09-21-1838 07-07-1921 Silverlake Cern. 83rd Indiana Inf. Dillsboro, IN Silverlake, KS Silverlake, KS

William T. Holmes 06-07-1846 08-31-1916 Bean Cern. 3rd Indiana Cav. Vermillion Co., IL Johnson City, MO St. Clair Co., Missouri

Ira Hough 1843 10-18-1916 Slocum Church 8th Indiana Inf. Henry Co., IN Chipley, FA Cern., Jackson Co., FA MEDAL OF HONOR 15

Aaron R. Hudson 01-16-1837 05-09-1907 15th and 17th Ind. Inf. Madison Co., KY Neosho, MO

Lewis T. Hunt 12-26-1835 03-14-1901 Evangelical 6th & 8th MO lnf. Montgomery Co., IN St. Louis, MO Lutheran Cern., St. Louis, MO

Samuel Hymer 05-19-1829 05-09-1906 Rushville City 115th Ill. Inf. Harrison Co., IN Rushville, IL Cemetery, Rush- ville, IL

Ruel M. Johnson 1840 11-12-1901 1OOth Indiana In f. Erie Co., PA Goshen, IN

Absolom Jordan 1840 05-03-1888 Centerville Cern. 3rd Indiana lnf. Brown Co.,OH Lovett, IN Lovett, IN

Andrew J. Kelly 09-02-1845 06-04-1918 Oakdale Cern., 17th Michigan Inf. Lima, LaGrange Co.,Crookston, MN Crookston, MN IN

William W. Kendall 08-31-1839 08-14-1S10 Ames Chapel, 49th Indiana lnf. DuBois Co., IN W.Baden, Th · Abydel, IN

Jonathon C. Kirk 10-19-1836 (?) 07-30-1907 20th Indiana Inf. Clinton Co., OH Wichita, KS

Jeremiah Kuder 07-12-1835 05-25-1916 Marion Nat'l. 74th Indiana Inf. Tiffin, OH Marion, IN Cemetery

Henry W. Lawton 03-17-1843 12-19-1899 Arlington 9th & 30th Ind. Inf. Toledo, OH San Mateo, PI National Cern.

John B. Lynch 1830 11-22-1888 Mt. Olivet 3rd Ind. Cav. & Reg. Washington, D.C. Cern., Wash. D.C. Army (1916 reject)

Elihu H. Mason 09-24-1896 Pemberville 21st Ohio Inf. Wayne Co., IN Pemberville, OH Cemetery

Richard H. Morgan 04-02-1840 12-19-1915 Memory Cern., 4th Iowa Cav. DuBois Co., IN Nat'l. Mil. Home, KS New Market, 10

Menomen 0 'Donnell 04-20-1830 09-03-1911 Mt. Calvary 11th MO Inf. Drumbarty, Co. Vincennes, IN Cern., Vincennes, Donegal, Ireland IN

John N. Opel 07-30-1843 02-21-1925 Mt. Zion Cern., 7th Indiana Inf. Bavaria, Germany Sullivan Co., MO Pleasant Hill Twp., Sullivan Co., �fQ 16 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

Jacob H. Overturf 01-07-1842 09-10-1900 Holton Cern., 83rd Indiana Inf. Jefferson Co., IN Holton, IN Holton, IN

Robert S. Robertson 04-16-1839 08-25-1906 Lindenwood 93rd New York Inf. N. Argyle, NY Ft. Wayne, IN Cern., Ft. Wayne, IN

Oliver P. Rood 08-27-1844 (?) 06-01-1885 20th Indiana Inf. Frankfort Co., KY Nashville, TN

Milton T. Russell 09-25-1836 07-02-1908 51st Indiana Inf. North Salem, IN Oakland, CA

Peter J. Ryan 02-18-1844 01-08-1908 St. Joseph's 11th Indiana Inf. Ireland Terre Haute, IN Cemetery, Terre Haute, IN

Charles H. Seston 1839 or 1840 09-19-1864 11th Indiana Inf. New Albany, IN Winchester, VA

William Shepherd 1838 03-19-1899 Huesemann Farm 3rd Indiana Cav. Dearborn Co., IN Dearborn Co., IN Cern., Dillsboro, IN

Reuben Smalley 04-29-1839 07-09-1926 South Park Cern. 83rd Indiana Inf. Redding, NY Greensburg, IN Greensburg, IN

William Steinmetz 09-02-1847 06-10-1903 Wesleyan Cern., 83rd Indiana Inf. Newport, KY Cincinnati, OH Cincinnati, OH

John T. Sterling 07-08-1840 02-02-1920 Bethesda Cern., 11th Indiana Inf. Paris, IL W. Terre Haute, IN W. Terre Haute, IN

Frank Stolz 07-20-1844 11-19-1926 St. Joseph's 83rd Indiana Inf. New Alsace, IN Indianapolis, IN Cern., Indi- anapolis, IN

Richard W. Taylor 1833 02-23-1890 Old Catholic 18th Indiana Inf. Madison Co., AL Washington, IN Cemetery

William P. Thompson 01-16-1844 10-07-1864 Greenbush Cern., 20th Indiana Inf. Brooklyn, NY Petersburg, VA Lafayette, IN

Andrew W. Tibbets 1831 05-18-1898 Allerton City 3rd Iowa Cavalry Clark Co., IN Allerton, lA Cemetery

John M. Whitehead 03-06-1823 03-07-1909 15th Indiana Inf. Wayne Co., IN Topeka, KS

Samuel Wright 01-20-1828 07-07-1918 2nd Minnesota Inf. Harrison Co., IN Tribune, KS MEDAL OF HONOR

INDIAN WARS

Lorenzo D. Brown 12- -1852 04-17-1906 7th US Infantry Davidson Co., NC near Jonesboro, AR

William G. Cubberly 11-26-1847 07-27-1919 Union Cern., 167th Ohio Inf & 8th Reily, Butler Co., Lyons Station, IN Lyonsville, IN U.S. Cavalry OH

Francis C. Greene 09-04-1835 03-13-1905 Nichols Grave- 2nd Calif. Cav. & Mt. Vernon, IN Erin, TN yard, Erin, TN 8th U.S. Cav.

David W. Harris 1851 7th U.S. Cav. & 5th Indianapolis, IN U.S. Inf.

Simpson Hornaday 03-24-1851 07-09-1923 7th & 6th U.S. Cav. Hendricks Co., IN San Diego, CA

Henry J. Hyde 02-11-1846 (?) 07-25-1893 Marion Nat'l. 64th Ill. Inf & 1st Bangor, Maine Marion, IN Cemetery, U.S. Cavalry Marion, IN

Jeptha L. Lytton 11-18-1849 12-27-1932 Soldiers' Home 21st & 23rd U.S. Inf. near Bedford, IN Washington, D.C. Nat'l Cern.

John A. Sutherland 02-19-1848 12-02-1891 El Reno City 43rd Ind. Inf. & 8th Harrodsburgh, IN El Reno, OK Terr. Cemetery, El U.S. Cavalry Reno, OK

Allen Walker 09-11-1953 Catholic Cern., 3rd U.S. Cavalry Patriot, IN Laredo, TX Laredo, TX

Enoch R. Weiss 02-29-1846 (?) 12-29-1917 South Bend City 48th Ind. Inf. & 8th Kosciusko Co., IN South Bend, IN Cemetery, South U.S. Cavalry Bend, IN

John P. Yount 1849 12-11-1872 3rd U.S. Cavalry Putnam Co., IN Ft. McPherson, NB Terr.

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

Andrew J. Cummins 12-06-1867 09-15-1923 Lewistown City lOth U.S. Infantry Alexandria, IN Lewistown, MT Cemetery, Lewis- town, MT

Thomas J. Graves 09-29-1868 01-27-1944 Pershing (IN) 17th U.S. Infantry Milton, Wayne Co., Dayton, OH City Cern. IN 18

PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION

Hiram I. Bearss 04-13-1875 08-27-1938 Bearss Family U.S.M.C. Peru, IN Columbia City, IN Cern., Peru

George W. Biegler 05-31-1868 04-02-1929 159th Ind. Inf., 28th Terre Haute, IN San Francisco, CA Vol. Inf., 7th U.S. Cav. 12th U.S. Cav.

Joseph A. Nolan 01-20-1857 08-19-1921 Silver Brook 45th U.S. Infantry Elkhart, IN Niles, MI Cern., Niles

Amos A. Weaver 06-13-1869 11-12-1937 1st SD Inf. & 36th Niles Twp., Dela- Flint, MI Gaines, MI U. S. Vol. Inf. ware Co., IN

John C. Wetherby 07-02-1880 11-29-1899 4th U.S. Infantry Morgan Co., IN Imus, Luzon, PI

CHINA RELIEF EXPEDITION

Jay P. Williams 09-23-1872 07-04-1938 Woodlawn Cern., USS Newark Orland, IN Norwalk, OH Norwalk, OH

William F. Zion 08-23-1872 (?) 03-25-1919 Chattanooga U.S.M.C. Knightstown, IN Nat'l. Cern.

INTERIM 1905

Frank E. Hill 07-31-1880 USS Bennington LaGrange, IN

MEXICO 1914

Allen Buchanan 12-22-1876 01-12-1940 Arlington USN Evansville, IN San Diego, CA Nat'l Cern.

Jonas H. Ingram 10-15-1886 09-10-1952 Arlington USS Arkansas Jeffersonville, IN San Diego, CA Nat'l. Cern. 19

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1916

Roswell Winans 12-19-1887 1968 Cypress View U.S.M.C. Brookville, IN San Diego, CA Cemetery

WORLD WAR I

Samuel Woodfill 01-06-1883 08-10-1951 Arlington 5th Division Belleview, IN Vevay, IN Nat'l Cern.

WORLD WAR II

Richard N. Antrim 12-17-1907 03-08-1969 Arlington USS Pope Peru, IN Mountain Home, AR Nat'l Cern.

Thomas McCall 05-09-1916 09-18-1965 Springvale 36th Division Burton, Kans. Fort Meade, MD Cern., Lafayette

William D. McGee 03-18-1945 Luxembourg 76th Division Indianapolis, IN near Mulheim, Germany Cern.,

Harry J. Michael 03-14-1945 Violett Cern., 80th Division Milford, IN near Neiderzerf, Goshen, IN Germany

Norman Scott 08-10-1889 11-13-1942 Body not re­ USN Indianapolis, IN off Savo Island covered.

KOREA

Charles G. Abrell 08-12-1931 06-10-1951 Westlawn Cern., 1st Marine Div. Terre Haute, IN Hangnyong, Korea Farmersburg, IN

Don C. Faith, Jr Washington, IN 12-01-1951 Body not re- 7th Division Hagaru-ri, Korea covered.

William G. Windrich 05-14-1921 12-01-1951 Arlington 1st Marine Div. Chicago, IL Yudam-ni, Korea Nat'l Cern.

VIETNAM

Daniel D. Bruce 05-18-1950 03-01-1969 Greenwood Cern., 1st Marine Div. Michigan City, IN Quang Nam Prov., Michigan City RVN 20 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

Emilio D. DeLaGarza 06-23-1949 04-11-1970 St. John's Cath. 1st Marine Div. East Chicago, IN Da Nang, RVN Cern., Hammond

LIVING RECIPIENTS

WORLD WAR II

Name & Unit Date & Place of Birth

Melvin E. Biddle 51 7th Para. Inf. Daleville, IN

Gerry H. Kisters 2nd Armored Div. Salt Lake City, UT

David M. Shoup 12-30-1904 USMC Covington, IN

VIETNAM

Sammy L. Davis 11-01-1946 9th Division Dayton, Ohio MEDAL OF HONOR 21

HOOSIER WITH THE VICKSBURG STORMING PARTY

by Arville L. Funk*

During the Civil War over fifty Hoosiers were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor was authorized by Congress in the war, and one of the first recipients was Sgt. Elihu H. Mason, who spent much of his early life in Wayne County, Indiana. The greatest number of the Indiana award winners who received their medals for gallantry in a single engagement, however, won them at Vicksburg as volunteers in the famous "Storming Party" of May 22, 1863.1 By the summer of 1862, most military observers realized that one of the keys to success in the western theater of the War was the control of the River. By October of that year the had gained control of the Mississippi River from its mouth upstream to Port Hudson, Louisiana, and from the north down as far as Vicksburg, Mississippi. As long as the Confederates held the 130-mile stretch between Port Hudson and Vicksburg, the South could maintain communications with the western third of their nation and draw badly needed reinforcements and supplies. By denying the use of the Mississippi River to the North, the Confederates could prevent the reopening of the normal traffic between the Northwest and the great port of New Orleans.2 General U. S. Grant took command of the Union Department of the Tennessee on October 25, 1862, and within a few days he began his push southward in the campaign that was to result in the "." After many delays through the winter and the early spring of 1863, Grant was ready by May 1, 1863, for his all-out strike at Vicksburg. Preliminary engagements were fought at Port Gibson, May 1; at Raymond, May 11; at Jackson; May 14, at Champion Hill on May 16, and at Big Black on May 17, 1863.3 On May 19th, General William T. Sherman's 15th Corps struck the earthworks at Vicksburg, which were defended by General John Pemberton's Confederate forces in a frontal assault. Serving in the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division with Sherman's 15th Corps was the 83rd Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment. 4 The 83rd Indiana was organized at Lawrenceburg, in Dearborn County in September, 1862, with Benjamin J. Spooner as Colonel. The regiment was composed of nine companies of volunteers for three years and one company of drafted men (Company D).5 Most of the troops with the 83rd came from Dearborn, Ohio, and Ripley Counties. The volunteers went into muster camp at the county fairgrounds known as Camp Noble, located on the Whitewater River just east of Lawrenceburg. They were each paid a twenty-five dollar bounty for enlisting for a three-year period. 6 The original regiment, consisting of the volunteer companies, left for the South on November 7, 1862. It was later joined by Company D, made up of the nine-month draftees while in camp at Memphis, Tennessee. Although the draftees served with valor during their period of service with the regiment, there was much resentment, and many veterans of the 83rd Indiana never considered Company D as a regular part of the regiment. 7 The 83rd Indiana took part in the preliminary operations around Vicksburg in March and April, 1863 and was at the Battle of Champion Hill but was in reserve and suffered no casualties. 8 The 83rd was in forefront in the assault made by Sherman's troops on May 19th which was described by one of their members, .Joseph Grecian, as "a bloody affair with heavy loss. "9 In the attack on May 19, the 83rd Re�ment ran head on into the 36th Missis­ sippi Regiment entrenchments and lost two company commanders by death (Capt. 2 2 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL

Calvert, Company C; Capt. Chrisvell, Company K), and one company commander was severly wounded (Capt. Chipman, Company A). Twenty-two enlisted men were killed or wounded.1 0 After being unsuccessful in the attack of May 19, General Grant decided to regroup and plan another frontal assault after an artillery bombardment to soften up the Confederate defenses. It was to be a simultaneous attack by all three corps on the three land sides of Vicksburg. In the area to be attacked by the 15th Corps was the strongest Confederate emplacement, a fort known as Stockade Redan. To cross the wide ditch in front of Stockade Redan, General Sherman had requested 150 volunteers from his Corps to lead the attack and to fill in the ditch with timbers. The volunteers were recruited from the following regiments of Sherman's Corps : 30th Ohio, 37th Ohio, 54th Ohio, 6th Missouri, 8th Missouri, 55th Illinois, 113th Illinois, 116th Illinois, 127th Illinois, 4th West Virginia, and the 83rd Indiana. The "storming party" as the group was called also became known as the "forlorn hope" by many of the regimental veterans who realized the odds of surviving such a mission.11 The storming party was to be led by a volunteer from the 97th Illinois Infantry Regiment, Captain Richard H. Wood, the commander of Company A of that regiment.12 Colonel Spooner's report of May 22, 1863, showed the following eleven volunteers of the 83rd took part in the "storming party :" Cpl. Daniel A. Langwell, Co. A; Pvt. David H. Helms, Co. B; Pvt. John W. Conaway, Co. C; Pvt. Clinton L. Armstrong, Co. D; Pvt. , Co. E; Pvt. Reuben Smalley, Co. F; Pvt. William Steimmetz, and Pvt. Frank Stolz, Co. G; Pvt. Thomas A. Blasdell, Co. H; Pvt. William W. Chisman, Co. I; and Pvt. Jacob H. Overturf of Co. K.13 On the morning of May 22, the Union Army opened up with a four-hour art­ illery bombardment of Confederate lines. The storming party was hidden in a ravine about 200 yards from the Confederate lines. Promptly at 10 A.M. the art­ illery fire was to cease, and the storming party was to jump from the ravine and run down the road known as Graveyard Road toward the Confederate works. Each man was to take with him a pole, rail or plank which was to be used to construct some means to cross the deep ditch in front and then to scale the wall of the Stockade Redan.14 The attack started on schedule, and the storming party raced down the road toward the Confederate lines, followed by Ewing's Union brigade.1 5 The soldiers ran for about fifty yards, being protected by a curve in the road. As the "forlorn hope" emerged from the narrow cut in the road in front of the curve, however, they were only 150 yards from the enemy and in full sight. Confederate troops blazed away almost at will and caused many casualties to the unfortunate storming party members. Some of the "forlorn hope" reached the ditch, and one member even planted his regimental flag on the parapet of the Confederate works. Most of the storming party volunteers, however, sought shelter along the side of the road where the enemy fire continued to rain down upon them and on the Union troops of Ewing, Giles Smith, and Kilby Smith that piled up behind the storming party in front of the stockade. After continued attacks by his troops, who suffered terrible casualties without being able to break the enemy walls, Sherman finally suspended the attack. By late afternoon the weary survivors of the storming party slowly drifted back to their lines. The rest of the 83rd Indiana had also been engaged behind the storming party and Joseph Grecian reported that the regiment's losses on May 22 had even been greater than the attack on May 19.1 6 HOOSIER AT VICKSBURG 23

The other corps also were unsuccessful in their assaults on additional areas of the Vicksburg defenses, and after the unsuccessful attack on May 22 Grant decided that the frontal attacks were too costly. The Union Army then settled into a siege around Vicksburg which finally resulted in Pemberton's surrender on July 4, 1863. Surprisingly, all eleven volunteers from the 83rd Indiana survived the storming party assault. However, Cpt. Daniel A. Langwell of Company A., who was from North Hogan, in Ripley County, was killed just a few weeks later, on August 30, 1863.17 The other ten volunteers all were cited for gallantry by General Sherman and were granted furloughs home in September, 1863, for their service in the storming party. They served out their enlistments with the 83rd Indiana and eventually re­ turned to their Indiana homes.1 8 Based upon Sherman's citations and upon petition of a number of survivors of the storming party, the War Department awarded many of the survivors the Con­ gressional Medal of Honor in 1894. The ten survivors of the 83rd volunteers all received the medal of Honor, but the family of Cpt. Daniel A. Langwell of Company A. never received the medal in his behalf and apparently made no effort to obtain it. According to the U. S. War Department, the Congressional Medal of Honor was awarded to the following ten privates of the 83rd Indiana Infantry Regiment for gallantry in the charge of the voluntary storming party at Vicksburg, Mississippi on May 22, 1863. 1 9

Name Company Home Co unty and Town Date of Issue

Armstrong, Clinton L. Co. D. Johnson, Franklin August 15, 1894 Blasdell, Thomas A. Co. H. Dearborn, Guilford August 11, 1894 Chisman, Wm. W. Co. I. Dearborn, Wilmington August 15, 1894 Conaway, John W. Co. C. Dearborn, Hartford August 11, 1894 Frantz, Joseph Co. E. Ripley, Rei August 13, 1894 Helms, David H. Co. B. Dearborn, Farmers Retreat July 26, 1894 Overturf, Jacob H. Co. K. Ripley, Holton August 13, 1894 Smalley, Reuben Co. F. Ripley, Poston July 9, 1894 Steinmetz, Wm. Co. G. Ripley, Sunman July 12, 1894 Stolz, Frank Co. G. Ripley, Sunman July 9, 1894 * Arville L. Funk is an attorney in Corydon, Indiana, and an author of numerous books and writings on Indiana history. lArville L. Funk, Hoosiers In The Civil War (Chicago, 1967), 109. 2Stephen E. Ambrose, "Struggle For Vicksburg," Civil War Times Illustrated (July, 1967), 4. 3 Ibid., 30·38. 4Joseph Grecian, History of The 83rd Regiment (Cincinnati, 1865), 26. 5W.H.H. Terrell, Report of The Adjuant General of Indiana (8 vols., Indianapolis, 1865), III, 56. 6 Grecian, 83rd Regiment, 12. 7 Ibid., 14. 8Ibid., 30. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 1 1 Ambrose, "Struggle for Vickshurg," 51. 12Medal of Ho nor (Washington, D.C., 1968), 270. 1 3Civi/ War Files of Benja min J. Spooner, Report of May 22, 1863, Indiana Division of Indiana State Library. 14Grecian, 83rd Regiment> 32. 15F. V. Greene, Tlie Miss1ssippi ('\lew York, 1960), 179. • 1 6 Grecian, 83rd Regim ent, 31. 17Terrell, Report of the Adfu tanl General, VI, 40. 1 8 G;ecian, 83rd Regiment, 33. 1 9 Medal of Honor, 21, 34, 57, 61, 92, 117, 187, 227, 234, 236. Indiana Historical Society Indiana Military History Journal Nonprofit Org. 315 West Ohio Street U.S. Postage Indianapolis, IN 46202 PAID Indianapolis, IN Permit No. 3864