The Philosophy of a Memphite Priest. with a Reproduction of the Memphite Slab
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Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods
Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods Shawn C. Knight Spring 2009 (This document last revised March 18, 2009) 1 The nature of Egyptian religion (intro) The Egyptian idea of \deity" is a difficult one to pin down. The most frequently used word for deity, ' 4 ntr (or nTr), resembles the English word god in that it can be used as either a common noun, referring to one of numerous divine beings, or as a proper noun, referring to the Supreme Being. Much more problematic than the word used, however, are the details of what the gods do and even who they are. Gods become conflated with one another; most notably, there are (at least) two gods named Horus, designated \Elder" and \Younger", and they share a number of traits, often being confused (deliberately or mistakenly). The gods usurp one another's roles, or delegate their roles to others, with astounding frequency. It is Set's role to protect the sun god from the serpent of chaos|except when Horus has that function. The Supreme Being is Re-Atum, except when he is Amun-Re, except when he is simply Re or simply Atum or . Adding still further to the complication is the local character of Egyptian religion. Every nome had a patron god, and while some of the gods patronized more than one nome, there was plenty of variety. We have already considered this to some degree: we have noted Thebes, for example, as having Amun for a patron, and observed that the military rise of the Thebans in the Middle and New Kingdoms were responsible for the enrichment and empowerment of Amun's cult. -
In Ancient Egypt
THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis. -
Ankh: Gods of Egypt Rulebook
RULEBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW .................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 3 COMPONENTS .........................................................................4 BASIC CONCEPTS ................................................................... 7 Adjacency ...............................................................................8 Figures .....................................................................................8 Monuments ............................................................................8 Central Dashboard .............................................................9 God Dashboard .................................................................. 10 Devotion ..................................................................................11 Battle Cards ...........................................................................11 SETUP ..........................................................................................12 WINNING THE GAME ..........................................................13 GAMEPLAY ...............................................................................13 ACTIONS ....................................................................................14 OVERVIEW Move Figures ........................................................................15 Summon Figure ...................................................................16 Gain Followers .....................................................................17 -
MERGING+ANUBIS User Manual
USER MANUAL V27.09.2021 2 Contents Thank you for purchasing MERGING+ANUBIS ........................................................................................... 6 Important Safety and Installation Instructions ........................................................................................... 7 Product Regulatory Compliance .................................................................................................................... 9 MERGING+ANUBIS Warranty Information................................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Package Content ........................................................................................................................................ 12 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................... 13 MERGING+ANUBIS VARIANTS AND KEY FEATURES ........................................................................ 13 ABOUT RAVENNA ...................................................................................................................................... 16 MISSION CONTROL - MODULAR BY SOFTWARE ............................................................................... 16 MERGING+ANUBIS panels description .................................................................................................... -
Demotic Dictionary Project
oi.uchicago.edu PHILOLOGY DEMOTIC DICTIONARY PROJECT Janet H.Johnson This year, as for the past several years, the Demotic Dictionary staff concentrated on checking drafts of entries for individual letters in the Egyptian "alphabet" and preparing and entering computer scan copies of the actual Demotic words. The only student work ing on the project this year was Thomas Dousa, whose command of Egyptian and Greek and the extensive literature in both has allowed him to make major contributions to the checking and rewriting of first draft entries. Thanks to a very generous bequest from Professor and Mrs. George R. Hughes, we anticipate being able next year to hire a recent Ph.D. graduate as Research Associate to work full time on checking of draft and preparation of scans and copies. The checking and rewriting of first draft entries involves double checking of all in formation provided in the entry and the incorporation of several categories of informa tion that we decided to include after the first drafts had been written. Many of these categories are being added to provide social or cultural information as part of the "meaning" of a word. For example, whenever the "word" is the name of a deity, a refer ence is provided to every geographic location (e.g., a specific city or cemetery) with which the deity is associated in the texts of the corpus from which the Chicago Demotic Dictionary is being drawn. Similarly, whenever the "word" being discussed is the name of a geographic location, reference is made to all deities mentioned in the texts of our corpus in conjunction with that geographic location. -
Egyptian Religion a Handbook
A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION BY ADOLF ERMAN WITH 130 ILLUSTRATIONS Published in tile original German edition as r handbook, by the Ge:r*rm/?'~?~~ltunf of the Berlin Imperial Morcums TRANSLATED BY A. S. GRIFFITH LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. '907 Itic~mnoCLAY B 80~8,L~~II'ED BRIIO 6Tllll&I "ILL, E.C., AY" DUN,I*Y, RUFIOLP. ; ,, . ,ill . I., . 1 / / ., l I. - ' PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION THEvolume here translated appeared originally in 1904 as one of the excellent series of handbooks which, in addition to descriptive catalogues, are ~rovidedby the Berlin Museums for the guida,nce of visitors to their great collections. The haud- book of the Egyptian Religion seemed cspecially worthy of a wide circulation. It is a survey by the founder of the modern school of Egyptology in Germany, of perhaps tile most interest- ing of all the departments of this subject. The Egyptian religion appeals to some because of its endless variety of form, and the many phases of superstition and belief that it represents ; to others because of its early recognition of a high moral principle, its elaborate conceptions of a life aftcr death, and its connection with the development of Christianity; to others again no doubt because it explains pretty things dear to the collector of antiquities, and familiar objects in museums. Professor Erman is the first to present the Egyptian religion in historical perspective; and it is surely a merit in his worlc that out of his profound knowledge of the Egyptian texts, he permits them to tell their own tale almost in their own words, either by extracts or by summaries. -
The Secret Name of Ra
Thesecret name of Ra Ra, the SoleCreator was visible to the peopleof Eglat asthe discol the sun,but they knew him in manyother {orms. He could appearas a crownedman. a falconor'a man with a falcon'shead and, as the scarabbeetle pushes a round ball of dungin front of it, the Egyptians picturedRa asa scarabpushing the sun acrossthe sky. In caverns deepbelow the earthwere hidden another seventy-five forms ofRa; mysteriousbeings with mummiEedbodies and heads consisting of birds or snakes,feathers or flowers,The namesof Rawere as numerousas his forms; he wasthe ShiningOne, The Hidden One, The Renewerof the Earth,The lfind in the Souls,The ExaltedOne, but therewas one name ofthe SunGod which hadnot beenspoken sincetime began.To know this secretname ofRa wasto havepower overhim andover the world that he hadcreated. Isislonged for suchapower. Shehad dreamed that oneday she *.ould havea marvellousfalcon-headed son called Horus andshe wantedthe throne of Ra to giveto her child. Isis wasthe Mistressof Magic,wiser than millionsofmen, but sheLrrew that nothingin creationwas powerful enoughto harmits creator.Her only chance vr'as!o turn thepower of Ra againsthimself and atlast Isisthought of a crlel andcunning plan. Everyday the SunGod walkedthrough his kingdom, attendedby a crowd ofspirits andlesser deities, but Rawas growingold. His eyeswere dim, his stepno longerfirm andhe had evenbegun to drivel. One morning Isismingled with a group of minor goddessesand followedbehind the King of the Gods.She watched the faceofRa until shesaw his salivadrip onto a clod o{ eanh.\0hen shewas sure that no-onewas taking any noticeo{ her, shescooped up the earth andcarried it awav.Isis mixed the earthwith the salivaofRa to form clay andmodelled a wickedJookingserpent. -
House of Eternity: Tomb of Nefertari
- - - OUSE OF ETERNITY The Tomb of Nefertari John K. McDonald The Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles Cover/title page: Detail a/Queen Nefertari 0/'1 the north wall of Chamber G. All photographs are by Guillermo Aldana unless credited otherwise. The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to further the appreciation and preservation of the world's cultural heritage for the enrichment and use of present and future generations. This is the first volume in the Conservation and Cultural Heritage series, which aims to provide in a popular format information about selected culturally significant sites throughout the world. © 1996 The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in Singapore Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDonald. John K. House of eternity: the tomb of Nefertari I John K. McDonald. p. cm. ISBN 0-89236-415-7 1. Nefertari. Queen. consort of Rameses II. King of Egypt-Tomb. 2. Mural painting and decoration. Egyptian. 3. Tombs-Egypt. 4. Valley of the Queens (Egypt) I. Title. DT73· v34M35 1996 932-dc20 96-24123 C1P Contents Foreword 5 Introduction Dynasties of Ancient Egypt II Nefertari: Radiant Queen A Letter from Nefertari The Queen's Titles and Epithets 19 The Valley of the Queens Ernesto Schiaparelli 25 Conveyance to Eternal Life: The Royal Tombs of Egypt Tomb Paints and Materials 33 The Tomb Builders' Village 37 After Nefertari's Burial 41 Resurrection and Recurrent Risks 47 The King of the Dead and His Divine Family Divine Guidance 55 Among the Immortals: A Walk through the "House of Eternity" The Texts in the Tomb III Conclusion 116 Acknowledgments II HOUSE OF ETER ITY an honored and < > beloved queen, still in the prime of earthly existence, set off upon a voyage to the netherworld, in quest of eternal life. -
Egyptian Temples
Originalveröffentlichung in: Christina Riggs (Hrsg.), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt, Oxford 2012, S. 362-382 CHAPTER 22 EGYPTIAN TEMPLES MARTINA MINAS-NERPEL From the beginning of their rule in Egypt, the Ptolemies initiated a gigantic temple con struction and decoration programme, which the Roman emperors continued well into the second century ce. Temples were still decorated on a much smaller scale into the third and the beginning of the fourth centuries. The last known cartouche of a Roman emperor in a temple was inscribed under Maximinus Daia (305-13 ce) on blocks belonging to the temple of Horus at Tahta (Holbl 2000: 45 n. 177; 114, fig. 157). Otherwise, the latest evidence comes from Esna (Sauneron 1975:65-6, no. 495; 84-7, no. 503), where the temple of Khnum was still being decorated under Decius (249-51 ce). Stelae inscribed in hieroglyphs continued to be set up in Egyptian temples, for example in the Bucheum at Armant, of which the latest is dated to 340, the fifty-seventh year of the era of Diocletian (Holbl 2000:45 n. 178; Goldbrun- ner 2004:78-9,302). The temple of Isis at Philae, where hieroglyphs were carved in the tem ple of Harendotes as late as 394 (Winter 1982:1023), was the last to be kept open, being closed down under Justinian between 535 and 537 (Winter 1982:1026), when it was converted to a church (Dijkstra 2008). The Hellenistic and Roman periods of Egypt are often subsumed under the term ‘Graeco- Roman Egypt’. In his examination of Egyptian society under Ptolemaic and Roman rule, Naphtali Lewis (1970) correctly pointed out that this phrase should not be used to imply con tinuity between the two eras, since the changes in the governmental structure, social pat terns and politics, administration, and the economy were so fundamental in Roman times as to render the term misleading. -
“Blessing of the God Ptah'” Stela from Shedet (Kiman Fares, Medinet El-Fayyum)
Walid shaikh al arab “blessing oF the god Ptah’” stela FroM shedet (kiMan Fares, Medinet el-FayyuM) © Pensa MultiMedia s.r.l. PaPyrologica luPiensia, n. 23, 2014 issn 1591-2140 Abstract the article focuses on the study of a heavily destroyed monumental stela of ramses ii originally placed in the temple of sobek in shedet (kiman Fares, Medinet el-Fayyum). this monument points to the importance of the temple of sobek in shedet during the reign of ramses ii, who placed these official texts on monumental architecture in the most important temples in his kingdom. the non-local stone used for this stela, the grey granite, testifies to the particular care and attention given to the temple by ramses ii. so far this is the only evidence of the «blessing of Ptah» text coming from Middle and lower egypt. Keywords sobek, kiman Fares, stela Introduction1 this paper aims to study a heavily destroyed monumental stela of ramses ii originally placed in the temple of sobek in shedet (kiman Fares, Medinet el-Fayyum), which has been never fully published. labib habachi was proba- bly the first to note the monument as part of a stela of ramses ii lying in the area of the amenmhat’s columns in kiman Fares and he mentioned it in his article published in 19552. then it was seen by donadoni in 1964 in kiman Fares near the granite columns shafts of amenemhat iii. he copied the text and identified it as a copy of the last six lines of the «blessing of Ptah» (also known as the «decree of Ptah») stela. -
This Pdf of Your Paper in Current Research in Egyptology 2014 Belongs to the Publishers Oxbow Books and It Is Their Copyright
This pdf of your paper in Current Research in Egyptology 2014 belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (April 2018), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books (editorial@ oxbowbooks.com). An offprint from CURRENT RESEARCH IN EGYPTOLOGY 2014 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Symposium University College London and King’s College London April 9–12, 2014 edited by Massimiliano S. Pinarello, Justin Yoo, Jason Lundock and Carl Walsh Paperback Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-046-0 Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-047-7 © Oxbow Books 2015 Oxford & Philadelphia www.oxbowbooks.com Published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by OXBOW BOOKS 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW and in the United States by OXBOW BOOKS 908 Darby Road, Havertown, PA 19083 © Oxbow Books and the individual contributors 2015 Paperback Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-046-0 Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78570-047-7 A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher in writing. For a complete list of Oxbow titles, please contact: UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Oxbow Books Oxbow Books Telephone (01865) 241249, Fax (01865) 794449 Telephone (800) 791-9354, Fax (610) 853-9146 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.oxbowbooks.com www.casemateacademic.com/oxbow Oxbow Books is part of the Casemate Group Front cover: Original Artwork by Isabel Zemani, © Isabel Zemani. -
Hollywood's Villainous Masculinities: a Study of Hades and Set From
2020-3874-AJMS-MDT 1 Hollywood’s Villainous Masculinities: A study of Hades 2 and Set from Clash of the Titans and Gods of Egypt 3 4 5 Gods, Goddesses, Heroes and other mythical figures from religious mythologies have 6 made continued appearances in Hollywood films since the 20th century, with many of 7 them reflecting the times and era of their production in the guise of depicting the 8 “ancient” world and dealing with “sacred” themes in a secular manner. While a 9 cinematic text invites us to identify with the hero, the antagonist is imbued with 10 qualities that require judgement from the hero. This paper seeks to undertake a 11 character study of the Greek God Hades from Clash of the Titans (2010) and the 12 Egyptian God Set from Gods of Egypt (2016) to understand the ways in which the 13 cinematic imagination constructs them as antagonists and condemns their ways. While 14 the hero and his masculinity is generally propagated as a form of “ideal” masculinity, 15 the villain forms a more complex characterization as he may embody qualities 16 possessed by the hero himself and yet be termed “unheroic”. Reading the texts as 17 embodiments of popular culture, and thus, as sites for interrogating contemporary 18 socio-political and cultural concerns, the paper would like to explore the construction 19 of villainous and “non-ideal” masculinities in the figures of Hades and Set. Utilizing a 20 textual reading of the films, the analysis would be supported by theories derived from 21 Masculinity Studies and Film Studies.