[University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Urban Navigations Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Cities and the Urban Imperative

Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Urban Navigations Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Cities and the Urban Imperative Series Editor: Sujata Patel, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Hyderabad This series introduces a holistic approach to studying cities, the urban experience, and its imaginations. It will grasp what is distinctive of the urban phenomenon in India, as also delineate the characteristic uniqueness of particular cities as they embrace change and create ways of experiencing modernities. Taking an interdisciplinary route, the series will assess the many facets of urbanization and city formation, and explore the challenges faced in relation to regional, national and global processes. The books in this series will present the changing trends in macro and micro urban processes; the nature of demographic patterns of migration and natural growth therein; spatial reorganization and segregation in urban areas; uneven economic development of manufacturing and services in cities; unequal access to power in the context of formal citizenship; increasing everyday violence and declining organized protest; breakdown of urban family life in juxtaposition with the reconstitution of community. They will trace how new forms of socialities are replacing old forms of trust and solidarity, and how these are being institutionalized in distinct and diverse ways within South Asia. Also in this Series Growing up in the Knowledge Society: Living the IT dream in Bangalore Nicholas Nisbett ISBN 978-0-415-55146-5 Governing India’s Metropolises: Case Studies of Four Cities Editors: Joe..l Ruet and Stephanie Tawa Lama-Rewal ISBN 978-0-415-55148-9 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 India’s Middle Class: New Forms of Urban Leisure, Consumption and Prosperity Christiane Brosius ISBN 978-0-415-54453-5 Urban Navigations Politics, Space and the City in South Asia Editors Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria Colin McFarlane Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 LONDON NEW YORK NEW DELHI First published 2011 in India by Routledge 912 Tolstoy House, 15–17 Tolstoy Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi 110 001 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Transferred to Digital Printing 2011 © 2011 Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria and Colin McFarlane Typeset by Star Compugraphics Private Limited D–156, Second Floor Sector 7, Noida 201 301 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-415-61760-4 This book is printed on ECF environment-friendly paper manufactured from unconventional and other raw materials sourced from sustainable and identified sources. Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations xi Acknowledgements xiii Introduction Conceptualising the City in South Asia 1 Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria and Colin McFarlane Part I: Contested Landscapes 1. The Nuisance of Slums: Environmental Law and the Production of Slum Illegality in India 23 D. Asher Ghertner 2. Poverty as Geography: Motility, Stoppage and Circuits of Waste in Delhi 50 Vinay Gidwani and Bharati Chaturvedi 3. Shillong: The (Un) Making of a North-East Indian City? 79 Daisy Hasan 4. The Divided City? Squatters’ Struggle for Urban Space in Kathmandu 105 Urmi Sengupta 5. Spectacular Events, City Spaces and Citizenship: The Commonwealth Games in Delhi 138 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Amita Baviskar Part II: Infrastuctures and Materialities 6. The Embeddedness of Cost Recovery: Water Reforms and Associationism at Bangalore’s Fringes 165 Malini Ranganathan vi Urban Navigations 7. Ignoring Power: Knowing Leakage in Mumbai’s Water Supply 191 Nikhil Anand 8. ‘No Horn Please’: Self-Governance and Sociality in a Kathmandu Housing Colony 213 Andrew Nelson 9. Gated Communities as Packaged Fantasies: A Meeting of the Local and the Global and the Standardisation of Taste in Urban Sri Lanka 239 Sasanka Perera Part III: Imagining the Urban 10. Sri Lanka: Terror, Anxiety and the Unstable Nation — A Physical Biography of Violence 267 Anoma Pieris 11. City of Lights: Nostalgia, Violence and Karachi’s Competing Imaginaries 298 Huma Yusuf 12. Sacrifice and Dystopia: Imagining Karachi through Edhi 319 Yasmin Jaffri and Oskar Verkaaik About the Editors 338 Notes on Contributors 339 Index 342 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 List of Tables 2.1 Privatisation of Waste Collection — Before and After Scenario in R. K. Puram 71 4.1 Distribution of Income in Nepal by Degree of Adequacy 110 4.2 Population Growth and Urbanisation in Kathmandu 112 4.3 Distribution of Housing Consumption in Kathmandu by Degree of Adequacy 114 4.4 Growth of Squatters in Kathmandu Valley 115 4.5 Communities Affected by the Vishnumati Link Road Project 121 6.1 Water Charges (in Rupees) Per Dwelling Area 181 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 List of Figures 2.1 Structure of the Waste Recycling Sector in Delhi 53 4.1 Sprawling Urban Growth in Kathmandu 113 4.2 Shopping Malls in Sanchay Kosh Sites in Sundhara and Putalisadak 117 4.3 Settlement Achieved through the Kirtipur Housing Project now called Naya Basti (new settlement) 128 6.1 Two Adjacent Neighbourhoods in Peri-Urban Bangalore 170 10.1 The Jaffna Public Library following Renovations in 2010 275 10.2 Parliament at Sri Jayawardenepura 277 10.3 Damaged Buildings near the Jaffna Public Library 281 10.4 Bombed out Shell of the Central Bank Building, Colombo 284 10.5 Fences Around the Dalada Maligawa 287 10.6 Pro-LTTE Rally in Melbourne, 2006 293 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 List of Abbreviations ANVC Achik National Volunteer Council APHLC All Party Hill Leaders Conference BDA Bangalore Development Authority BMC Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation BWSSB Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board CEO Chief Executive Officer CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist) CRPC Code of Criminal Procedure DDA Delhi Development Authority DLS Department of Land Survey DMA District Metering Area DWM Delhi Waste Management DYFI Democratic Youth Forum of India EWS Economically Weaker Sections FKJGP Federation of Khasi, Jaintia, Garo People GBWASP Greater Bangalore Water and Sanitation Project HNLC Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council IDP Internally Displaced Person IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force JJ Jhuggi Jhompri JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission KSU Khasi Students Union KUIDFC Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LTTE Liberation Tigers of the Tamil Eelam MCD Municipal Corporation of Delhi Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 MDG Millennium Development Goal MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MPD Master Plan for Delhi MQM Muhajir Qaumi Movement MQM Muttahida Qaumi Movement NBBBS Nepal Basobas Basti Bikas Samaj NBBSS Nepal Basobas Basti Samrakchan Samaj NCTD National Capital Territory of Delhi xii Urban Navigations NDMC New Delhi Municipal Corporation NMES Nepal Mahila Ekata Samaj NRN Non-Resident Nepali PCN Peitgnor Cable News PET Polyethylene Terephthalate PIL Public Interest Litigation PLACE Participatory Local Area Capital Expenditure PM Particulate Matter PPP Public–Private Partnership PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RWA Residents Welfare Association RWS Residents’ Welfare Society SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAPRC Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres SLA Sri Lankan Army SLAF Sri Lankan Air Force SLN Sri Lankan Navy TULF Tamil United Liberation Front ULB Urban Local Body UN United Nations USAID United States Agency for International Development UTHR University Teachers for Human Rights VLR Vishnumati Link Road Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Acknowledgements Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria would like to thank the American Council for Learned Societies and the Mellon Foundation for research and writing support, and Colin McFarlane would like to thank his colleagues at the Department of Geography, Durham University, for providing the kind of research environment that so effectively enabled the development of research ideas such as this book. The editors would like to acknowledge useful advice from Sujata Patel, and express their gratitude to the contributors for their hard work and patience in the development of this book. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:22 24 May 2016 Introduction Jonathan Shapiro Anjaria and Colin McFarlane Conceptualising the City in South Asia We are witnessing a new, globally circulating imaginary of the South Asian city. India’s embrace of a globalised consumer culture, con- troversies over outsourcing, the US-led ‘war on terror’, and more recently, the terrorist attacks on Mumbai in 2008 and the box office success of Slumdog Millionaire in 2009 have brought

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