Retallack 2014 Newfoundland Ediacaran
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Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 58, Number 4, Pp
Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, volume 58, number 4, pp. 605–622 doi:10.1093/icb/icy088 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology SYMPOSIUM INTRODUCTION The Temporal and Environmental Context of Early Animal Evolution: Considering All the Ingredients of an “Explosion” Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-abstract/58/4/605/5056706 by Stanford Medical Center user on 15 October 2018 Erik A. Sperling1 and Richard G. Stockey Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305, USA From the symposium “From Small and Squishy to Big and Armored: Genomic, Ecological and Paleontological Insights into the Early Evolution of Animals” presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–7, 2018 at San Francisco, California. 1E-mail: [email protected] Synopsis Animals originated and evolved during a unique time in Earth history—the Neoproterozoic Era. This paper aims to discuss (1) when landmark events in early animal evolution occurred, and (2) the environmental context of these evolutionary milestones, and how such factors may have affected ecosystems and body plans. With respect to timing, molecular clock studies—utilizing a diversity of methodologies—agree that animal multicellularity had arisen by 800 million years ago (Ma) (Tonian period), the bilaterian body plan by 650 Ma (Cryogenian), and divergences between sister phyla occurred 560–540 Ma (late Ediacaran). Most purported Tonian and Cryogenian animal body fossils are unlikely to be correctly identified, but independent support for the presence of pre-Ediacaran animals is recorded by organic geochemical biomarkers produced by demosponges. -
Evolution of the Western Avalon Zone and Related Epithermal Systems
Open File NFLD/3318 GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR SECTION FALL FIELD TRIP FOR 2013 (September 27 to September 29) EVOLUTION OF THE WESTERN AVALON ZONE AND RELATED EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS Field Trip Guide and Background Material Greg Sparkes Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources PO Box 8700 St. John’s, NL, A1B 4J6 Canada September, 2013 GAC Newfoundland and Labrador Section – 2013 Fall Field Trip 2 Table of Contents SAFETY INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 4 General Information .................................................................................................................................. 4 Specific Hazards ....................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Regional Geology of the Western Avalon Zone ....................................................................................... 7 Epithermal-Style Mineralization: a summary ........................................................................................... 8 Trip Itinerary ........................................................................................................................................... 10 DAY ONE FIELD TRIP STOPS ............................................................................................................... -
Lessons from the Fossil Record: the Ediacaran Radiation, the Cambrian Radiation, and the End-Permian Mass Extinction
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 06/21/12, SPi CHAPTER 5 Lessons from the fossil record: the Ediacaran radiation, the Cambrian radiation, and the end-Permian mass extinction S tephen Q . D ornbos, M atthew E . C lapham, M argaret L . F raiser, and M arc L afl amme 5.1 Introduction and altering substrate consistency ( Thayer 1979 ; Seilacher and Pfl üger 1994 ). In addition, burrowing Ecologists studying modern communities and eco- organisms play a crucial role in modifying decom- systems are well aware of the relationship between position and enhancing nutrient cycling ( Solan et al. biodiversity and aspects of ecosystem functioning 2008 ). such as productivity (e.g. Tilman 1982 ; Rosenzweig Increased species richness often enhances ecosys- and Abramsky 1993 ; Mittelbach et al. 2001 ; Chase tem functioning, but a simple increase in diversity and Leibold 2002 ; Worm et al. 2002 ), but the pre- may not be the actual underlying driving mecha- dominant directionality of that relationship, nism; instead an increase in functional diversity, the whether biodiversity is a consequence of productiv- number of ecological roles present in a community, ity or vice versa, is a matter of debate ( Aarssen 1997 ; may be the proximal cause of enhanced functioning Tilman et al. 1997 ; Worm and Duffy 2003 ; van ( Tilman et al. 1997 ; Naeem 2002 ; Petchey and Gaston, Ruijven and Berendse 2005 ). Increased species rich- 2002 ). The relationship between species richness ness could result in increased productivity through (diversity) and functional diversity has important 1) interspecies facilitation and complementary implications for ecosystem functioning during resource use, 2) sampling effects such as a greater times of diversity loss, such as mass extinctions, chance of including a highly productive species in a because species with overlapping ecological roles diverse assemblage, or 3) a combination of biologi- can provide functional redundancy to maintain cal and stochastic factors ( Tilman et al. -
Geology of the Connaigre Peninsula and Adjacent
10′ 55° 00′ LEGEND 32 MIDDLE PALEOZOIC LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC 42 42 DEVONIAN LONG HARBOUR GROUP (Units 16 to 24) 86 Mo BELLEORAM GRANITE Rencontre Formation (Units 19 to 24) 47° 50′ 32 47 Grey to pink, medium- and fine-grained equigranular granite containing many small, dark-grey and green (Units 19 and 20 occur only in the northern Fortune Bay 47a to black inclusions; 47a red felsite and fine-grained area; Unit 22 occurs only on Brunette Island) 47b granite, developed locally at pluton’s margin; 47b Red micaceous siltstone and interbedded, buff-weath- 10 pink-to brown quartz-feldspar porphyry (Red Head 24 31 Porphyry) ering, quartzitic arkose and pebble conglomerate 20′ Pink, buff-weathering, medium- to coarse-grained, Be88 OLD WOMAN STOCK 23 cross-bedded, quartzitic arkose and granule to pebble Pink, medium- and coarse-grained, porphyritic biotite 42 46 23a conglomerate; locally contains red siltstone; 23a red 32 granite; minor aplite 31 23b pebble conglomerate; 23b quartzitic arkose as in 23, MAP 98-02 GREAT BAY DE L’EAU FORMATION (Units 44 and 45) containing minor amounts of red siltstone 37 9 83 Pyr 45 Grey mafic sills and flows 22 Red and grey, thin-bedded siltstone, and fine-grained 37 GEOLOGY OF THE CONNAIGRE PENINSULA 19b sandstone and interbedded buff, coarse-grained, cross 10 25 19b Pyr 81 Red, purple and buff, pebble to boulder conglomerate; bedded quartzitic arkose; minor bright-red shale and 32 25 42 44 W,Sn 91 minor green conglomerate and red and blackshale; green-grey and black-grey and black siltstone AND ADJACENT AREAS, -
E:\Published Issues\Episodes\20
540 by Shuhai Xiao1, Guy M. Narbonne2, Chuanming Zhou3, Marc Laflamme4, Dmitriy V. Grazhdankin5, Malgorzata Moczydlowska-Vidal6, Huan Cui7 Towards an Ediacaran Time Scale: Problems, Protocols, and Prospects 1 Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada 3 Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 4 University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada 5 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 6 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 7 Department of Geoscience and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA (Received: 23/12/2015; Accepted: 4/9/2016) DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i4/103886 The Ediacaran Period follows the Cryogenian data to constrain the age, duration, and global extent of Period in the wake of a snowball Earth glaciation and the Shuram negative δ13C excursion, to calibrate and precedes the Cambrian Period with its rising tide of correlate Ediacaran acanthomorph biozones, and to animal radiation. It is also the longest among all determine the temporal relationship among the Shuram stratigraphically -
New Geochronological Constraints on the Timing of Magmatism for the Bull Arm Formation, Musgravetown Group, Avalon Terrane, Northeastern Newfoundland
Current Research (2017) Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey, Report 17-1, pages 1-17 NEW GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE TIMING OF MAGMATISM FOR THE BULL ARM FORMATION, MUSGRAVETOWN GROUP, AVALON TERRANE, NORTHEASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND A.J. Mills, G.R. Dunning1, M. Murphy1 and A. Langille1 Regional Geology Section 1Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X5 ABSTRACT The Bull Arm Formation is one of the most areally extensive volcanic units in the Avalon Terrane of Newfoundland. His- torically, the age has been interpreted from the single previous U–Pb zircon age (570 +5/-3 Ma) obtained from a rhyolite flow on Wolf Island, where no contact relations are exposed. This rhyolite was later re-interpreted as the lower part of the overly- ing Rocky Harbour Formation but the initial interpretation as Bull Arm Formation had by then become entrenched in the lit- erature. New U–Pb zircon (CA-TIMS) geochronology results have been obtained for two rock samples from the volcanic-dom- inated Bull Arm Formation, Musgravetown Group, on the Bonavista Peninsula (Plate Cove volcanic belt) of northeastern Newfoundland, and one sample from the Isthmus that connects the Avalon Peninsula to the rest of the Island. A 40-cm-thick crystal-ash tuff near the base of the Plate Cove volcanic belt, at the roadcut east of Summerville, yielded an age of 592 ± 2.2 Ma. A lapilli tuff, located approximately 1800 m to the east, at the eastern margin of the volcanic belt, yielded an age of 591.3 ± 1.6 Ma. -
A Rich Ediacaran Assemblage from Eastern Avalonia: Evidence of Early
Publisher: GSA Journal: GEOL: Geology Article ID: G31890 1 A rich Ediacaran assemblage from eastern Avalonia: 2 Evidence of early widespread diversity in the deep ocean 3 [[SU: ok? need a noun]] 4 Philip R. Wilby, John N. Carney, and Michael P.A. Howe 5 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK 6 ABSTRACT 7 The Avalon assemblage (Ediacaran, late Neoproterozoic) constitutes the oldest 8 evidence of diverse macroscopic life and underpins current understanding of the early 9 evolution of epibenthic communities. However, its overall diversity and provincial 10 variability are poorly constrained and are based largely on biotas preserved in 11 Newfoundland, Canada. We report coeval high-diversity biotas from Charnwood Forest, 12 UK, which share at least 60% of their genera in common with those in Newfoundland. 13 This indicates that substantial taxonomic exchange took place between different regions 14 of Avalonia, probably facilitated by ocean currents, and suggests that a diverse deepwater 15 biota that had a probable biogeochemical impact may already have been widespread at 16 the time. Contrasts in the relative abundance of prostrate versus erect taxa record 17 differential sensitivity to physical environmental parameters (hydrodynamic regime, 18 substrate) and highlight their significance in controlling community structure. 19 INTRODUCTION 20 The Ediacaran (late Neoproterozoic) Avalon assemblage (ca. 578.8–560 Ma) 21 preserves the oldest evidence of diverse macroorganisms and is key to elucidating the 22 early radiation of macroscopic life and the assembly of benthic marine communities Page 1 of 15 Publisher: GSA Journal: GEOL: Geology Article ID: G31890 23 (Clapham et al., 2003; Van Kranendonk et al., 2008). -
Great Canadian Lagerstätten 6. Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, Southeast Newfoundland Alexander G
Document generated on 10/01/2021 8:20 a.m. Geoscience Canada Journal of the Geological Association of Canada Journal de l’Association Géologique du Canada Great Canadian Lagerstätten 6. Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, Southeast Newfoundland Alexander G. Liu and Jack J. Matthews Volume 44, Number 2, 2017 Article abstract Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve (MPER) World Heritage Site, on the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1040786ar southeastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada, is one of the foremost global Ediacaran fossil localities. MPER contains some of the oldest known See table of contents assemblages of the softbodied Ediacaran macrobiota, and its fossils have contributed significantly to Ediacaran paleobiological research since their initial discovery in 1967. Preservation of multiple in situ benthic Publisher(s) paleocommunities, some comprising thousands of specimens, has enabled research into Ediacaran paleoecology, ontogeny, taphonomy, taxonomy and The Geological Association of Canada morphology, offering insights into the possible phylogenetic positions of Ediacaran taxa within the tree of life. Meanwhile, a thick and continuous ISSN geological record enables the fossils to be placed within a wellresolved temporal and paleoenvironmental context spanning an interval of at least 10 0315-0941 (print) million years. This article reviews the history of paleontological research at 1911-4850 (digital) MPER, and highlights key discoveries that have shaped global thinking on the Ediacaran macrobiota. Explore this journal Cite this article Liu, A. G. & Matthews, J. J. (2017). Great Canadian Lagerstätten 6. Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, Southeast Newfoundland. Geoscience Canada, 44(2), 63–76. All Rights Reserved © The Geological Association of Canada, 2017 This document is protected by copyright law. -
Limestone Resources of Newfoundland and Labrador
PROVINCE OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND ENERGY MINERAL DEVELOPMENT DIVISION REPORT 74-2 LIMESTONE RESOURCES OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR by JOHN R. DeGRACE ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND 1974 CLICK HERE TO VIEW THE TABLE OF CONTENTS Accompanying maps Map 1, Map 2 and Map 3 can be viewed by clicking on each map number PUBLISHER'S NOTE Report 74-2, Limestone Resources of Newfoundland and Labrador by John R. DeGrace, being the only comprehensive study of the limestone resources of the province to date, is being reissued to provide the nec- essary background information to facilitate limestone exploration activities in the province. However, the format of the reissue has been changed from the original to conform to the format presently used by the Geological Survey. The report is being reprinted in its entirety without any updating or corrections whatso- ever; and is being made available only digitally, including on the web. Readers should be aware that later reviews of the geology of the areas covered in Report 74-2 are those by Hibbard (1983), King (1988), Knight and James (1988), Smyth and Schillereff (1982), Stouge (1983a,b), and Knight (1983). Details concerning the economic potential of the limestone resources themselves, also have been updated in the interim. The Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy began a reassess- ment of Newfoundland marble resources in 1985, the objective of which was to determine their industrial potential as filler and dimension stone. Significant reassessments of some of the old deposits were made and new deposits of high-purity, white marble were delineated by diamond drilling. -
Of Time and Taphonomy: Preservation in the Ediacaran
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273127997 Of time and taphonomy: preservation in the Ediacaran CHAPTER · JANUARY 2014 READS 36 2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Charlotte Kenchington University of Cambridge 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Charlotte Kenchington Retrieved on: 02 October 2015 ! OF TIME AND TAPHONOMY: PRESERVATION IN THE EDIACARAN CHARLOTTE G. KENCHINGTON! 1,2 AND PHILIP R. WILBY2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK <[email protected]! > 2British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK ABSTRACT.—The late Neoproterozoic witnessed a revolution in the history of life: the transition from a microbial world to the one known today. The enigmatic organisms of the Ediacaran hold the key to understanding the early evolution of metazoans and their ecology, and thus the basis of Phanerozoic life. Crucial to interpreting the information they divulge is a thorough understanding of their taphonomy: what is preserved, how it is preserved, and also what is not preserved. Fortunately, this Period is also recognized for its abundance of soft-tissue preservation, which is viewed through a wide variety of taphonomic windows. Some of these, such as pyritization and carbonaceous compression, are also present throughout the Phanerozoic, but the abundance and variety of moldic preservation of body fossils in siliciclastic settings is unique to the Ediacaran. In rare cases, one organism is preserved in several preservational styles which, in conjunction with an increased understanding of the taphonomic processes involved in each style, allow confident interpretations of aspects of the biology and ecology of the organisms preserved. -
'Tillite', Boston Basin
SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE SQUANTUM ‘TILLITE’, BOSTON BASIN, USA: MODERN ANALOGUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PALEOCLIMATE DURING THE GASKIERS GLACIATION (c. 580 Ma) by Shannon Leigh Carto A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Graduate Department of Geology University of Toronto © Copyright by Shannon Leigh Carto, 2011 SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE SQUANTUM ‘TILLITE’, BOSTON BASIN, USA: MODERN ANALOGUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PALEOCLIMATE DURING THE GASKIERS GLACIATION (c. 580 Ma) Shannon Leigh Carto Doctorate of Philosophy, 2011 Graduate Department of Geology University of Toronto ABSTRACT The Gaskiers glaciation (c. 580 Ma) has been classically traced along the Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian Terranes, which are now found scattered around the North Atlantic Ocean. Around 625 Ma these terranes were composed of volcanoes and arc- type basins. ‗Till-like‘ diamictite horizons identified within these basins have been used as evidence for a ‗Snowball Earth-type‘ glaciation at 580 Ma. However, others argue that these deposits are non-glacial debris flow deposits. To test the non-glacial interpretation of these deposits, a detailed sedimentological and basin analysis was conducted on the Neoproterozoic Squantum Member that occurs conformably with the volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Boston Bay Group (eastern Massachusetts); this deposit is one of the most referenced ‗tillite‘ deposits for the Gaskiers glaciation. This thesis shows that the ‗tillites‘ of this succession are volcanically-influenced non-glacial debrites. Using the Lesser Antilles Arc and the adjacent Grenada Basin in the Caribbean Sea as a modern depositional analogue for the Avalonian- Cadomian Terranes, this study further reveals that debris flow facies types (diamicts) comparable to those of the Avalonian-Cadomian Terranes are produced at this modern arc and are recorded in the fill of the Grenada Basin. -
Precambrian Evolution of the Avalon Terrane in the Northern Appalachians: a Review R
Document generated on 09/29/2021 9:26 a.m. Atlantic Geology Precambrian Evolution of the Avalon Terrane in the Northern Appalachians: A Review R. Damian Nance Volume 22, Number 3, December 1986 Article abstract The Avalon terrane of the Northern Appalachians forms a distinctive URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo22_3art01 tectonostrati-graphic belt defined primarily by the presence of late Precambrian (circa 600 Ma) volcano-sedimentary and granitoid rocks overlain by Lower See table of contents Paleozoic sequences containing Acado-Baltic fauna. Avalon terrane is exposed in eastern Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island and the northern Nova Scotian mainland, southern New Brunswick, coastal southeastern Maine, and southeastern New England. Publisher(s) The Precambrian evolution of Avalon terrane includes two major tectonothermal Atlantic Geoscience Society events that Involved both continental and oceanic basement. Local oceanic mafic magmatism and regional metamorphism of a ndd-Proterozoic (late Helikian?) ISSN carbonate-clastic platform and its gneissic continental basement may record an early Hadrynian (750-800 Ma) rifting or subduction event and local platform 0843-5561 (print) collapse. Late Hadrynian (580-630 Ma) calc-alkaline granitoid plutonlso and 1718-7885 (digital) widespread volcanism of tboleiltlc, calc-alkaline and occasionally peralkaline affinities record a closure event that is Interpreted to Involve ensialic arc, oceanic Explore this journal interarc, and both eztensional and trans-tensional continental back-arc settings. Closure terminated, perhaps through transform interactions, in the late Hadrynian Avalonian orogeny and was locally heralded by the development of flysch containing evidence of Vendian glaciatlon and followed by molasse-like Cite this article successor basins. Latest Hadrynian volcanogenic redbeds and bimodal volcanism, associated with widespread back-arc transtension, may herald Inception of the Nance, R.