Tree Species Distribution in Andean Forests: Influence of Regional and Local Factors
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA Gabriela Fontenla
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Caracterización del aceite esencial de "Lanche" (Myrcianthes rhopaloides (H.B.K) Me Vaugh) proveniente del distrito de Chalaco, provincia de Morropón- Piura, obtenido por dos métodos de destilación Tesis para optar el Título de INGENIERO FORESTAL Gabriela Fontenla Razzetto Lima- Perú 2006 RESUMEN Las hojas de Myrcianthes rhopaloides fueron recolectadas en Chalaco - Piura, en los caseríos Río Claro (1800 m.s.n.m.) y Lanche (2300 m.s.n.m) durante dos épocas de colección diferentes: individuos con flores y sin flores. Las hojas fueron reducidas a partículas para favorecer la extracción del aceite esencial por dos métodos de destilación: arrastre por vapor y con agua. Se evaluó la influencia de estas variables en el aceite esencial obtenido. Para ambos métodos, el aceite esencial obtenido presentó las siguientes características organolépticas: color ligeramente amarillo, aspecto líquido oleoso límpido, ligero olor a limón con un toque de hierba luisa, sabor astringente. El aceite esencial obtenido por destilación con agua presentó un rendimiento promedio de 0,63 %, densidad relativa de 0,9 g/cm3, 1,48 de índice de refracción y una solubilidad en etanol al 70% (v/v) de 1,53 mL. El aceite esencial obtenido por destilación por arrastre con vapor tuvo un rendimiento promedio de 0,12 %, densidad relativa de 0,91 g/cm3, 1,48 de índice de refracción y una solubilidad en etanol al 70 % (v/v) de 5,8 mL. Por medio de la cromatografia de gases - masa se identificó como componentes principales del aceite esencial obtenido a los 1800 m.s.n.m. -
Arquitectura Foliar De Mirtáceas Argentinas IV
Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (4) 2016 C. C. González - Arquitectura foliar de MirtáceasISSN Argentinas 0373-580 IV X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (4): 597-612. 2016 ARQUITECTURA FOLIAR DE LAS ESPECIES DE MYRTACEAE NATIVAS DE LA FLORA ARGENTINA IV. TRIBUS METROSIDEREAE Y MYRTEAE, Y CLAVE BASADA EN CARACTERES FOLIARES CYNTHIA C. GONZÁLEZ1 Summary: Foliar architecture of Myrtaceae native species of the Argentinian flora IV. Tribes Myrteae and Metrosidereae and key based on foliar characters. This work completes the leaf architecture of native species of Myrtaceae from Argentina. In this contribution are studied two native genus of the tribe Myrteae with uncertain position in the past, and the only one native genus of tribe Metrosidereae in South America. One species of Blepharocalyx and two species of Eugenia are simple, with variable apex and base, leathery texture and entire margin. First vein pinnate, simple and straight, without agrophic veins, second veins broquidodromous, with or without paramarginal and intramarginal veins, third and fourth veins random reticulate or percurrent, and fifth vein random reticulate, percurrent or dichotomized. With or without areoles, with venules branching one, two or more times. The last marginal venation can be complete or incomplete. The leaves of genus Metrosideros are characterized by simple, with acute apex and cuneate base, leathery texture and entire margin. First vein category suprabasal-acrodromous, with agrophic veins, second vein cladodromous or branched, without paramarginal veins and intramarginal veins, and third vein dichotomized. Not develop areoles. Venules branched two or more times. The last marginal venation can be incomplete. Finally, is presented a key to differentiate all native Argentinian species of Myrtaceae, based on characters or character combinations of foliar architecture. -
Departamento De Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior De
CRECIMIENTO FORESTAL EN EL BOSQUE TROPICAL DE MONTAÑA: EFECTOS DE LA DIVERSIDAD FLORÍSTICA Y DE LA MANIPULACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES. Tesis Doctoral Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres 2015 UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA E.T.S. I. AGRONÓMICA, AGROALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA-BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL TESIS DOCTORAL CRECIMIENTO FORESTAL EN EL BOSQUE TROPICAL DE MONTAÑA: EFECTOS DE LA DIVERSIDAD FLORÍSTICA Y DE LA MANIPULACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES. Autor: Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres1 Directores: Dr. Marcelino de la Cruz Rot2, Dr. Jürgen Homeir3 1Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. 2Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. 3Ecologia de Plantas. Albrecht von Haller. Instituto de ciencias de Plantas. Georg August University de Göttingen. Madrid, 2015. I Marcelino de la Cruz Rot, Profesor Titular de Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos y Jürgen Homeir, Profesor de Ecologia de Plantas. Albrecht von Haller. Instituto de ciencias de las Plantas. Georg August Universidad de Göttingen CERTIFICAN: Que los trabajos de investigación desarrollados en la memoria de tesis doctoral: “Crecimiento forestal en el bosque tropical de montaña: Efectos de la diversidad florística y de la manipulación de nutrientes.”, han sido realizados bajo su dirección y autorizan que sea presentada para su defensa por Nixon Leonardo Cumbicus Torres ante el Tribunal que en su día se consigne, para aspirar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. VºBº Director Tesis VºBº Director de Tesis Dr. Marcelino de la Cruz Rot Dr. Jürgen Homeir II III Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. -
Phylobioactive Hotspots Identified Through Multidimensional Profiling of Botanical Drugs Used to Treat Chagas Disease in Bolivia and Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/862029; this version posted December 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Phylobioactive hotspots identified through multidimensional profiling of botanical drugs used to treat Chagas disease in Bolivia and Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica Andrea Salm1*, Sandhya R. Krishnan1*, Marta Collu1,2, Ombeline Danton3, Matthias Hamburger3, Marco Leonti2, Giovanna Almanza4, Jürg Gertsch1 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, 2Department of Science and Biomedicine, University of Cagliari, Italy, 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland, 4Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia * authors contributed equally to the study bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/862029; this version posted December 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Globally, more than six million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative protozoan parasite of the vector-borne Chagas disease (CD). In Bolivia, CD is hyperendemic and a major health problem among indigenous communities. Although botanical drugs are used widely among different ethnic groups in Bolivia, studies challenging the hypothesis that effective antitrypanosomal medicinal agents were identified empirically are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional ethnopharmacological field study in Bolivia among different ethnic groups in the Chaco, Chiquitanía and Inter-Andean valleys. -
Long-Term Morphological Stasis Maintained by a Plant–Pollinator Mutualism
Long-term morphological stasis maintained by a plant–pollinator mutualism Charles C. Davisa,1, Hanno Schaefera,b, Zhenxiang Xia, David A. Baumc, Michael J. Donoghued,1, and Luke J. Harmone aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, D-85354 Freising, Germany; cDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706; dDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Contributed by Michael J. Donoghue, February 27, 2014 (sent for review April 28, 2012) Many major branches in the Tree of Life are marked by stereotyped Neotropical representatives that produce floral oils and are vis- body plans that have been maintained over long periods of time. ited by these three oil-collecting bee tribes. None of them, One possible explanation for this stasis is that there are genetic or however, are as diverse as Malpighiaceae, which are also the developmental constraints that restrict the origin of novel body oldest of the seven oil-bee–pollinated clades (17). plans. An alternative is that basic body plans are potentially quite Malpighiaceae provide a natural test of the role of intrinsic labile, but are actively maintained by natural selection. We present versus extrinsic factors in generating morphological stasis; this is evidence that the conserved floral morphology of a species-rich particularly relevant in the context of Anderson’s earlier hy- flowering plant clade, Malpighiaceae, has been actively main- pothesis outlined above, but also more generally in the context of tained for tens of millions of years via stabilizing selection imposed developmental constraints that have been hypothesized to limit by their specialist New World oil-bee pollinators. -
Molecular Systematics of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from Plastid Rbcl and Matk Sequences1
American Journal of Botany 88(10): 1847±1862. 2001. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF MALPIGHIACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM PLASTID RBCL AND MATK SEQUENCES1 KENNETH M. CAMERON,2,6 MARK W. C HASE,3 WILLIAM R. ANDERSON,4 AND HAROLD G. HILLS5 2The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA; 3Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; 4University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 USA; and 5Molecular Biology Building, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3260 USA Phylogenetic analyses of DNA nucleotide sequences from the plastid genes rbcL and matK were employed to investigate intergeneric relationships within Malpighiaceae. Cladistic relationships generated from the independent data matrices for the family are generally in agreement with those from the combined matrix. At the base of Malpighiaceae are several clades mostly representing genera from a paraphyletic subfamily Byrsonimoideae. Intergeneric relationships among these byrsonimoid malpighs are well supported by the bootstrap, and the tribe Galphimeae is monophyletic. There is also a well-supported clade of genera corresponding to tribes Banisterieae plus Gaudichaudieae present in all trees, and many of the relationships among these banisterioid malpighs are well supported by the bootstrap. However, tribes Hiraeae and Tricomarieae (the hiraeoid malpighs) are paraphyletic and largely unresolved. Species of Mascagnia are distributed throughout these hiraeoid clades, con®rming the suspected polyphyly of this large genus. Optimization of selected morphological characters on these trees demonstrates clear phylogenetic trends such as the evolution of globally symmetrical from radially symmetrical pollen, increased modi®cation and sterilization of stamens, and switch from base chromosome number n 5 6ton 5 10. -
Floral Symmetry Genes and the Origin and Maintenance of Zygomorphy in a Plant- Pollinator Mutualism
Floral symmetry genes and the origin and maintenance of zygomorphy in a plant- pollinator mutualism Wenheng Zhang, Elena M. Kramer, and Charles C. Davis1 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Michael J. Donoghue, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved February 10, 2010 (received for review September 8, 2009) The evolution of floral zygomorphy is an important innovation in provides the bees access to oil glands, which are borne in pairs on flowering plants and is thought to arise principally from special- the abaxial surface of the sepals. The stereotypical floral mor- ization on various insect pollinators. Floral morphology of neo- phology of New World Malpighiaceae, despite tremendous var- tropical Malpighiaceae is distinctive and highly conserved, especially iation in vegetative and fruit morphology, led Anderson (9) to with regard to symmetry, and is thought to be caused by selection hypothesize that floral uniformity in the group results from their by its oil-bee pollinators. We sought to characterize the genetic specialization on these oil-bee pollinators. basis of floral zygomorphy in Malpighiaceae by investigating Interpreting the origin and maintenance of this unique floral CYCLOIDEA2-like (CYC2-like) genes, which are required for estab- morphology in a comparative evolutionary framework, however, lishing symmetry in diverse core eudicots. We identified two copies has remained elusive, in large part because of our lack of of CYC2-like genes in Malpighiaceae, which resulted from a gene understanding of the closest phylogenetic relatives of Malpigh- duplication in the common ancestor of the family. A likely role for iaceae. -
Divergent Genetic Mechanisms Underlie Reversals to Radial Floral Symmetry from Diverse Zygomorphic Flowered Ancestors
Divergent genetic mechanisms underlie reversals to radial floral symmetry from diverse zygomorphic flowered ancestors The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Zhang, Wenheng, Victor W. Steinmann, Lachezar Nikolov, Elena Citation M. Kramer, and Charles C. Davis. 2013. “Divergent genetic mechanisms underlie reversals to radial floral symmetry from diverse zygomorphic flowered ancestors.” Frontiers in Plant Science 4 (1): 302. doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00302. Published Version doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00302 Accessed April 17, 2018 4:29:13 PM EDT Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11855777 This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH Terms of Use repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 20 August 2013 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00302 Divergent genetic mechanisms underlie reversals to radial floral symmetry from diverse zygomorphic flowered ancestors Wenheng Zhang 1,2*, Victor W. Steinmann 3, Lachezar Nikolov 1, Elena M. Kramer 1 and Charles C. Davis 1* 1 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA 3 Centro Regional del Bajío, Instituto de Ecología, Pátzcuaro, Mexico Edited by: Malpighiaceae possess flowers with a unique bilateral symmetry (zygomorphy), which is Jill Christine Preston, University of a hypothesized adaptation associated with specialization on neotropical oil bee pollinators. -
Descargar Los Pdf, En Las Que Están On-Line
1 Responsables: Cecilia Blundo1-3 y Lucio R. Malizia2-3. (1) Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de las Yungas, IER-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (http://www.iecologia.com.ar/) (2) Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (3) Fundación ProYungas (http://www.proyungas.org.ar/) 2 ÍNDICE página RESÚMEN 3 INTRODUCCIÓN 4 ÁREA DE ESTUDIO 7 ESTABLECIMIENTO DE PARCELAS PERMANENTES 7 ALGUNOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS HASTA AHORA 11 REMEDICIONES DE LAS PARCELAS PERMANENTES 16 PUBLICACIONES 18 CONCLUSIONES FINALES 19 AGRADECIMIENTOS 20 LITERATURA CITADA 20 Apéndice I: Lista de especies registradas en las 50 parcelas permanentes 22 3 RESÚMEN En 2002 iniciamos el establecimiento de la Red Subtropical de Parcelas Permanentes, la cual apunta a establecer y utilizar un sistema de parcelas para monitorear a mediano y largo plazo la biodiversidad, estructura y dinámica de los bosques de Yungas del noroeste de Argentina. La red está constituida por 50 parcelas de 1 ha cada una, establecidas en la Alta Cuenca del Río Bermejo (Provincias de Jujuy y Salta), distribuidas a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal que comprende Yungas y Chaco (300-2200 m sobre el nivel del mar). En cada parcela identificamos y marcamos todos los árboles ≥10 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP). Para cada árbol medimos DAP, altura, posición sociológica y espacial (coordenadas x, y). En las 50 parcelas se marcaron, identificaron y midieron 22.947 árboles, pertenecientes a 158 especies, 126 géneros y 60 familias. La riqueza de especies varía entre pisos altitudinales siendo máxima en la selva montana (900-1200 m snm). En 2012 se remidieron 13 parcelas establecidas en selva y bosque montano (1100-2200 m snm). -
Floral Symmetry Genes and the Origin and Maintenance of Zygomorphy in a Plant-Pollinator Mutualism
Floral Symmetry Genes and the Origin and Maintenance of Zygomorphy in a Plant-pollinator Mutualism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Zhang, Wenheng, Elena M. Kramer, Charles C. Davis. 2010. Floral symmetry genes and the origin and maintenance of zygomorphy in a plant-pollinator mutualism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(14):6388-6393. Published Version doi:10.1073/pnas.0910155107 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5241353 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Floral symmetry genes and the origin and maintenance of zygomorphy in a plant- pollinator mutualism Wenheng Zhang, Elena M. Kramer, and Charles C. Davis1 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Michael J. Donoghue, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved February 10, 2010 (received for review September 8, 2009) The evolution of floral zygomorphy is an important innovation in provides the bees access to oil glands, which are borne in pairs on flowering plants and is thought to arise principally from special- the abaxial surface of the sepals. The stereotypical floral mor- ization on various insect pollinators. Floral morphology of neo- phology of New World Malpighiaceae, despite tremendous var- tropical Malpighiaceae is distinctive and highly conserved, especially iation in vegetative and fruit morphology, led Anderson (9) to with regard to symmetry, and is thought to be caused by selection hypothesize that floral uniformity in the group results from their by its oil-bee pollinators. -
Long-Term Morphological Stasis Maintained by a Plant–Pollinator Mutualism
Long-term morphological stasis maintained by a plant–pollinator mutualism Charles C. Davisa,1, Hanno Schaefera,b, Zhenxiang Xia, David A. Baumc, Michael J. Donoghued,1, and Luke J. Harmone aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, D-85354 Freising, Germany; cDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706; dDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Contributed by Michael J. Donoghue, February 27, 2014 (sent for review April 28, 2012) Many major branches in the Tree of Life are marked by stereotyped Neotropical representatives that produce floral oils and are vis- body plans that have been maintained over long periods of time. ited by these three oil-collecting bee tribes. None of them, One possible explanation for this stasis is that there are genetic or however, are as diverse as Malpighiaceae, which are also the developmental constraints that restrict the origin of novel body oldest of the seven oil-bee–pollinated clades (17). plans. An alternative is that basic body plans are potentially quite Malpighiaceae provide a natural test of the role of intrinsic labile, but are actively maintained by natural selection. We present versus extrinsic factors in generating morphological stasis; this is evidence that the conserved floral morphology of a species-rich particularly relevant in the context of Anderson’s earlier hy- flowering plant clade, Malpighiaceae, has been actively main- pothesis outlined above, but also more generally in the context of tained for tens of millions of years via stabilizing selection imposed developmental constraints that have been hypothesized to limit by their specialist New World oil-bee pollinators. -
Long-Term Morphological Stasis Maintained by a Plant–Pollinator Mutualism
Long-term morphological stasis maintained by a plant–pollinator mutualism Charles C. Davisa,1, Hanno Schaefera,b, Zhenxiang Xia, David A. Baumc, Michael J. Donoghued,1, and Luke J. Harmone aDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; bDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, D-85354 Freising, Germany; cDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706; dDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Contributed by Michael J. Donoghue, February 27, 2014 (sent for review April 28, 2012) Many major branches in the Tree of Life are marked by stereotyped Neotropical representatives that produce floral oils and are vis- body plans that have been maintained over long periods of time. ited by these three oil-collecting bee tribes. None of them, One possible explanation for this stasis is that there are genetic or however, are as diverse as Malpighiaceae, which are also the developmental constraints that restrict the origin of novel body oldest of the seven oil-bee–pollinated clades (17). plans. An alternative is that basic body plans are potentially quite Malpighiaceae provide a natural test of the role of intrinsic labile, but are actively maintained by natural selection. We present versus extrinsic factors in generating morphological stasis; this is evidence that the conserved floral morphology of a species-rich particularly relevant in the context of Anderson’s earlier hy- flowering plant clade, Malpighiaceae, has been actively main- pothesis outlined above, but also more generally in the context of tained for tens of millions of years via stabilizing selection imposed developmental constraints that have been hypothesized to limit by their specialist New World oil-bee pollinators.