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Estonian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2018 XXIV
Facta non solum verba ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK FACTS AND FIGURES ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XXIV (51) 2018 TALLINN 2019 This book was compiled by: Jaak Järv (editor-in-chief) Editorial team: Siiri Jakobson, Ebe Pilt, Marika Pärn, Tiina Rahkama, Ülle Raud, Ülle Sirk Translator: Kaija Viitpoom Layout: Erje Hakman Photos: Annika Haas p. 30, 31, 48, Reti Kokk p. 12, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, Janis Salins p. 33. The rest of the photos are from the archive of the Academy. Thanks to all authos for their contributions: Jaak Aaviksoo, Agnes Aljas, Madis Arukask, Villem Aruoja, Toomas Asser, Jüri Engelbrecht, Arvi Hamburg, Sirje Helme, Marin Jänes, Jelena Kallas, Marko Kass, Meelis Kitsing, Mati Koppel, Kerri Kotta, Urmas Kõljalg, Jakob Kübarsepp, Maris Laan, Marju Luts-Sootak, Märt Läänemets, Olga Mazina, Killu Mei, Andres Metspalu, Leo Mõtus, Peeter Müürsepp, Ülo Niine, Jüri Plado, Katre Pärn, Anu Reinart, Kaido Reivelt, Andrus Ristkok, Ave Soeorg, Tarmo Soomere, Külliki Steinberg, Evelin Tamm, Urmas Tartes, Jaana Tõnisson, Marja Unt, Tiit Vaasma, Rein Vaikmäe, Urmas Varblane, Eero Vasar Printed in Priting House Paar ISSN 1406-1503 (printed version) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA ISSN 2674-2446 (web version) CONTENTS FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................................5 CHRONICLE 2018 ..................................................................................................................................7 MEMBERSHIP -
London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Government
London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Government Historical Culture, Conflicting Memories and Identities in post-Soviet Estonia Meike Wulf Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD at the University of London London 2005 UMI Number: U213073 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U213073 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Ih c s e s . r. 3 5 o ^ . Library British Library of Political and Economic Science Abstract This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, and uses life story interviews with members of the intellectual elite as the primary source. I view collective memory not as a monolithic homogenous unit, but as subdivided into various group memories that can be conflicting. The conflict line between ‘Estonian victims’ and ‘Russian perpetrators* figures prominently in the historical culture of post-Soviet Estonia. However, by setting an ethnic Estonian memory against a ‘Soviet Russian’ memory, the official historical narrative fails to account for the complexity of the various counter-histories and newly emerging identities activated in times of socio-political ‘transition’. -
Report on the Estonian Theatre Festival, Tartu 2018: a 'Tale of The
European Stages https://europeanstages.org Report on the Estonian Theatre Festival, Tartu 2018: A ‘Tale of the Century’ For states across Central and Eastern Europe, 2018 marks the centenary of their national independence, gained in the aftermath of WWI. In the case of the Baltic States, this independence was, of course, lost in the aftermath of WWII, when they became not simply a part of Comecon and the Warsaw Pact, but were directly incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Baltic countries initially reverted to their pre-war constitutions, seeking to affirm political legitimacy in terms of a restoration of sovereignty, rather than simply an assertion of “post-Soviet” independence. If the principle of “small nations” foreign policy is the forging of alliances, then the accession to the EU and NATO during the 1990s was another momentous historical change, even as these alliances are now beset by new challenges. (Paradoxically, Brexit may even have a unifying effect for the EU 27, faced with the rise of European nationalist parties.) Other de-stabilizing effects come not only from Russian interference in European political processes, but from the seeming disregard for historical understanding within the Trump administration, whether regarding Europe, the Korean peninsula, or climate change. By contrast, learning not only about, but also from, history has always been a touchstone of liberal education, one medium for which is, of course, theatre – a practice that remains state-supported throughout Europe. In Estonia, the 1918-2018 centenary has been commemorated by a unique, year-long theatrical project – Tale of the Century – consisting of collaborations between big repertory theatres and small independent companies from all over the country (creating 13 productions, each focusing on a particular decade, with one also addressing the next 100 years). -
Department of Social Research University of Helsinki Finland
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Department of Social Research University of Helsinki Finland NORMATIVE STORIES OF THE FORMATIVE MOMENT CONSTRUCTION OF ESTONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POSTIMEES DURING THE EU ACCESSION PROCESS Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in lecture room 10, University main building, on 12 February 2016, at 12 noon. Helsinki 2016 Publications of the Faculty of Social Sciences 1 (2016) Media and Communication Studies © Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus Cover: Riikka Hyypiä & Hanna Sario Distribution and Sales: Unigrafia Bookstore http://kirjakauppa.unigrafia.fi/ [email protected] PL 4 (Vuorikatu 3 A) 00014 Helsingin yliopisto ISSN 2343-273X (Print) ISSN 2343-2748 (Online) ISBN 978-951-51-1047-3 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-1048-0 (PDF) Unigrafia, Helsinki 2016 ABSTRACT This longitudinal research analyzes the construction of Estonian national identity in the country’s largest and oldest daily newspaper Postimees in relation to the European Union (EU) in the course of Estonia’s EU accession process 1997-2003. I combine media studies with political science, EU studies and nationalism studies to scrutinize this period as an example of a ‘formative moment’. During this formative moment the EU became ‘the new official Other’ in relation to which a new temporary community, Estonia as a candidate country, was ‘imagined’ in the paper. The study is based on the assumption that national identity as a normative process of making a distinction between us and Others occurs in societal texts, such as the media. -
Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia
DUKE UNIVERSITY Durham, North Carolina The Spirit Of Survival: Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia Katharyn S. Loweth April 2019 Under the supervision of Professor Gareth Price, Department of Linguistics Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Graduation with Distinction Program in International Comparative Studies Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 2 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 i. An Overview of the Estonian Nation-State ................................................................................................ 8 ii. Terminology ................................................................................................................................................... 12 iii. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 17 iv. Overview of the Chapters -
A Governance Agreement Between the Estonian Reform Party and the Estonian Centre Party and a Cooperation Agreement of the Government Coalition for 2021–2023
A governance agreement between the Estonian Reform Party and the Estonian Centre Party and a cooperation agreement of the government coalition for 2021–2023 The Estonian Reform Party and the Estonian Centre Party form a government that will continue to efficiently solve the COVID-19 crisis, maintain the progressive nature of Estonia, and develop the state in all fields and regions. Both parties understand that the current political and societal atmosphere in Estonia is tense and will do everything in their power to create a wider political trust and a desire for cooperation among all Estonian citizens to further progress the state. The coronavirus pandemic requires continuous decisive action in the immediate future to prevent the disease from spreading, vaccinate Estonian people, strengthen the healthcare system, manage the educational sphere, guarantee the income of all citizens, and support entrepreneurship. The coalition partners will follow the following principles in the government coalition. • We will stand for a progressive political culture that treats all societal groups as equally respectable, and for an honourable governance, drawing from the spirit of our constitution. • Estonia is a great small nation that supports all people, their will for self-fulfilment and their wish to contribute to the development of Estonia. • We will follow the best common interests of the Estonian nation and citizens, and the principles of justice and truth. Estonia is a country that follows the rule of law and all our societal decision-making processes are as transparent as possible. • We prioritise decreasing social, economic, and regional inequality, and developing the health and well-being of each citizen. -
Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
Estonia 2013 Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at http://www.iea.org/ termsandconditionsuseandcopyright/ 2013 Energy Policies OECD/IEA, © Beyond IEA Countries Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries Estonia 2013 One of the fastest-growing economies in the OECD, Estonia is actively seeking to reduce the intensity of its energy system. Many of these efforts are focused on oil shale, which the country has been using for almost a century and which meets 70% of its energy demand. While it provides a large degree of energy security, oil shale is highly carbon-intensive. The government is seeking to lessen the negative environmental impact by phasing out old power plants and developing new technologies to reduce significantly CO2 emissions. The efforts on oil shale complement Estonia’s solid track record of modernising its overall energy system. Since restoring its independence in 1991, Estonia has fully liberalised its electricity and gas markets and attained most national energy policy targets and commitments for 2020. It has also started preparing its energy strategy to 2030, with an outlook to 2050. Estonia is also promoting energy market integration with neighbouring EU member states. The strengthening of the Baltic electricity market and its timely integration with the Nordic market, as well as the establishment of a regional gas market, are therefore key priorities for Estonia. Following its accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2010, Estonia applied for International Energy Agency (IEA) membership in 2011. -
State Budget Strategy 2020-2023 and Stability Programme 2019
STATE BUDGET STRATEGY 2020– 2023 AND STABILITY PROGRAMME May 2019 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 21. PRIORITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC 10 2. OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE AREAS 16 2.1 National security and defence 17 2.1.1. Military defence programme 21 2.1.2. Programme for developing defence policy and supporting activities 23 2.1.3. Collective defence programme 24 2.1.4. Intelligence and early warning programme 25 2.2. Foreign policy 25 2.2.1. Foreign policy programme 28 2.2.2. Development cooperation and humanitarian aid programme 30 2.3. Internal security 31 2.3.1. Internal security programme 33 2.4. Public administration 34 2.4.1. Programme for supporting the Government of the Republic and the prime minister 36 2.4.2. Public finance programme 37 2.4.3. Administrative policy programme 38 2.4.4. Regional policy programme 40 2.4.5. Financial policy programme 41 2.4.6. Civil society programme 42 2.4.7. Archiving programme 43 2.5. Legal order 44 2.5.1.Reliable and effective judicial area 48 2.6. Agriculture and fishing 49 2.6.1. Agriculture, food and rural life programme 51 2.6.2. Fishery programme 52 2.7. Health 54 2.7.1. Environmental health programme 56 2.7.2. Health risk programme 57 2.7.3. Health care system programme 60 2.8. Social protection 62 2.8.1. Social security programme 64 2.8.2. Welfare programme 66 2.8.3. Gender equality programme 68 2.9. Education 69 2.9.1. -
Low Carbon Energy Transition in Estonia
Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre (SEI Tallinn) Low carbon energy transition in Estonia NORSTRAT addition Baltics 2 Technical report Reeli Kuhi-Thalfeldt, Valdur Lahtvee March 2016 Tallinn NORSTRAT addition Baltics 2 Technical report Commissioned by: Nordic Energy Research Work done by: Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre (SEI Tallinn) Climate and Energy Programme Senior Expert Dr Reeli Kuhi-Thalfeldt, [email protected] Programme Director Mr Valdur Lahtvee, [email protected] Tel. +372 6276 100 Address: Lai Street 34, 10133 Tallinn, Estonia www.seit.ee Suggested reference: Kuhi-Thalfeldt, R., Lahtvee, V. 2016. Low carbon energy transition in Estonia. NORSTRAT Addition Baltics 2. Technical report. SEI Tallinn, Nordic Energy Research. Editors: Dr Tiit Kallaste (SEI Tallinn), Dr Kaja Peterson (SEI Tallinn) Language editor: Helen Saarniit (SEI Tallinn) 2 Table of contents Table of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Table of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Project Background .................................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 7 1. National Climate -
Estonia's 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan
Estonia’s 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP 2030) Estonia's Communication to the European Commission under Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) No 2012/2018. Final version 19 December 2019 CONTENTS SECTION A: NATIONAL PLAN 1. OVERVIEW AND PROCESS FOR ESTABLISHING THE PLAN 1.1. Executive Summary 1.2. Overview of current policy situation 1.3. Consultations and involvement of national and EU entities and their outcome 1.4. Regional cooperation in preparing the plan 2. NATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 2.1. Dimension Decarbonisation 2.2. Dimension Energy Efficiency 2.3. Dimension Energy Security 2.4. Dimension Internal Energy Market 2.5. Dimension Research, innovation and Competitiveness 3. POLICIES AND MEASURES 3.1. Dimension Decarbonisation 3.2 Dimension Energy Efficiency 3.2. Dimension Energy Security 3.3. Dimension Internal Energy Market 3.4. Dimension Research, innovation and Competitiveness SECTION B: ANALYTICAL BASIS 4. CURRENT SITUATION AND PROJECTIONS WITH EXISTING POLICIES AND MEASURES 4.1. Projected evolution of main exogenous factors influencing energy system and GHG emission developments 4.2. Dimension Decarbonisation 4.3. Dimension Energy Efficiency 4.4. Dimension Energy Security 4.5. Dimension Internal Energy Market 4.6. Dimension Research, Innovation and Competitiveness 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PLANNED POLICIES AND MEASURES 5.1. Impacts of planned policies and measures described in section 3 on energy system and greenhouse gas emissions and removals including comparison to projections with existing policies and measures (as described in section 4). 5.2. Section 3 assesses the macroeconomic and, to the extent feasible, the health, environmental, employment and education, skills and social impacts of the planned policies and measures should be assessed. -
Thesis with Signature Marii Valjataga
A small nation in monuments A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century Marii Väljataga Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, June 30, 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization A small nation in monuments A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century Marii Väljataga Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Professor Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Professor Alexander Etkind (EUI) Professor Siobhan Kattago (University of Tartu) Prof. dr hab. Jörg Hackmann (University of Szczecin, University of Greifswald) © Marii Väljataga, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I, Marii Väljataga, certify that I am the author of the work A small nation in monuments. A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10 (CA 297). -
2018 Estonia Country Report | SGI Sustainable Governance Indicators
Estonia Report Anu Toots, Allan Sikk, Detlef Jahn (Coordinator) Sustainable Governance Indicators 2018 © vege - stock.adobe.com Sustainable Governance SGI Indicators SGI 2018 | 2 Estonia Report Executive Summary In many respects, Estonia has proven successful in building a sustainable democracy. Among the 41 countries in the SGI, Estonia ranks 8th in policy performance and democracy and 18th in governance. As a result of a change in the government coalition in November 2016, the period currently under study (November 2016 – November 2017) includes major adjustments in several policy areas impacting social inclusion. After 12 years of government coalitions dominated by the neoliberal Reform Party, a center-left government led by the Center Party has been installed. This new government has prioritized policies aiming to secure the financial sustainability of the welfare system and increase social inclusion. The economy has recovered from the recession, a fact evidenced by the high employment level (matched by low unemployment) and an annual economic growth rate of about 4%. Ongoing reforms aim to extend employment by facilitating the labor market participation of disabled persons and workers with low or outdated skills. However, increasing labor shortages and high taxes on labor continue to thwart productivity and, more generally, economic growth. Debates around reducing employers’ tax burdens are, for the first time, being embedded into larger political debates on social insurance system reform. Estonia’s welfare system is based on the Bismarckian principle of social insurance funds, which faces mounting debt due to population aging. The government proposes to transfer more tax revenues to social insurance in order to cover health expenditures for pensioners and employees with atypical contracts.