DOCSLIB.ORG

Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia DUKE UNIVERSITY Durham, North Carolina The Spirit Of Survival: Projections of International Solidarity and Security in Contemporary Estonia Katharyn S. Loweth April 2019 Under the supervision of Professor Gareth Price, Department of Linguistics Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Graduation with Distinction Program in International Comparative Studies Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 2 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 i. An Overview of the Estonian Nation-State ................................................................................................ 8 ii. Terminology ................................................................................................................................................... 12 iii. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 17 iv. Overview of the Chapters .......................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 1: The Estonian Folk Heart and Performing the Past ..................................................22 1.1 Song Festivals: The Keeper of Tradition .............................................................................................. 23 1.2 Estonian Songs: Themes and Values ..................................................................................................... 28 1.2.1 Children’s Songs .................................................................................................................................................. 33 1.3 The Estonian Das Volk .............................................................................................................................. 36 1.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2: Estonia’s Desire for European Solidarity ...................................................................43 2.1 Is Estonia a European Country? ............................................................................................................ 44 2.2 Separating Contemporary Estonia from Russian influence ............................................................ 52 2.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 3: The Strife Over European Acceptance and ‘Freedom’ ...........................................64 3.1 Mandated EU Changes to Estonia.......................................................................................................... 65 3.2 ‘Freedom’ at the Vabamu and Estonian National Museum .............................................................. 69 3.2.1 The Value in Freedom: Museum Purpose Statements ............................................................................ 71 3.2.2 Freedom Embodied: Museum Architecture ................................................................................................ 74 3.2.3 Freedom Brings Tension: Exhibit Narratives ............................................................................................. 77 3.3 Is Estonia Free? ........................................................................................................................................... 84 3.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 87 Conclusion – Where does Estonia stand? .........................................................................................89 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................94 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................95 1 List of Figures Figure 0-1: Photo of the Baltic Chain, August 23, 1989; someone is waving Estonia’s national flag ..............................................................................................................................................................................11 Figure 0-2: Critical Discourse Analysis Model for Museums ...................................................... 19 Figure 1-1: Photo I took of 100th Year Celebration, Song Festival Grounds .............................. 23 Figure 1-2: Map of Amateur Choir Participation, 2014 ............................................................... 26 Figure 1-3: Estonian People Dancing Kaera Jann on a sidewalk in London, UK ........................ 36 Figure 1-4: Photo I took of teenage girl performers, 100th year celebration ............................... 40 Figure 2-1 Section of Exhibit on Soviet Occupation, Tallinn City Museum ................................ 53 Figure 2-2 Last Image of Estonian Russians at the National Minorities exhibit, The Great Guild (photo taken in 1940) .................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 2-3 Last Image of the Estonian Swedish Population at the National Minorities Exhibit, The Great Guild (date unspecified) .............................................................................................. 59 Figure 2-4 Last Image of the Estonian Jewish Population at the National Minorities Exhibit, The Great Guild (Photo Taken in 2006) .............................................................................................. 60 Figure 3-1 Exterior of the Tallinn City Museum ........................................................................... 75 Figure 3-2 Exterior of the Vabamu ............................................................................................... 76 Figure 3-3 Exterior of the Estonian National Museum ................................................................. 76 Figure 3-4: Photo I took of Seesaw Installation at the Vabamu ................................................... 79 Figure 3-5 Map of Tallinn Population Distribution in 2015, by Ethnicity ................................... 83 2 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank the ICS Program, which provided me with research travel funding from the Scott Lee Stephenson Memorial Fund. This award enabled me to travel to museums in Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia and collect firsthand data on museum and song festival narratives. Thank you to my advisor, Professor Gareth Price. Your encouragement throughout the writing process and helping me understand the underlying social factors in my museum texts meant so much to me personally and to my thesis. Thank you Professor Kathryn Mathers and Shahrazad Shareef for all of your valuable advice, which pushed me to connect the local to the global. Through this process, I have learned about myself and have gained confidence in my own voice as a scholar. And finally to my incredible family, without you, this thesis truly would not have been possible. From the day in May 2018 I decided to travel to Estonia, you have fully supported me in my research. Thank you for all the phone calls, all of the drafts you proofread, and for taking this academic journey with me. 3 Abstract This thesis explores the relationship between national cultural spaces and identity in a former Soviet-Bloc state. Through the lens of Estonian history museums and national performances, this paper studies how representations of national identity in the post-Soviet context are a reaction to dominant transnational forces that increasingly challenge the post-Soviet state’s perceptions of respect and power. Applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) theory, I connect museum and song texts to their social and political environment and to overarching global factors. In particular, I analyze Estonian song themes and historical narratives in relation to the Estonian nation, how they fit within the state’s political goals of ‘returning to Europe’, abide by the cultural models of what it means to be ‘European’, and project idealized conditions of a nation- state, such as ethnic homogeneity. Based on my evidence, I argue that the national performance and museum narratives are representing diverging ideals of the nation and state, respectively, in the contemporary era. Although the two representations are not completely incompatible, they position the state on an unstable foundation, which could lead to state sanctioned unrest in the future. 4 Introduction I sat on the grassy hill facing the large outdoor amphitheater on a brisk August afternoon. People of all ages sat around me—parents with young children, young adults hanging out with friends or significant others, older adults with friends or family—chatting and drinking
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Minorities and Majorities in Estonia: Problems of Integration at the Threshold of the Eu
    MINORITIES AND MAJORITIES IN ESTONIA: PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE EU FLENSBURG, GERMANY AND AABENRAA DENMARK 22 to 25 MAY 1998 ECMI Report #2 March 1999 Contents Preface 3 The Map of Estonia 4 Ethnic Composition of the Estonian Population as of 1 January 1998 4 Note on Terminology 5 Background 6 The Introduction of the Seminar 10 The Estonian government's integration strategy 11 The role of the educational system 16 The role of the media 19 Politics of integration 22 International standards and decision-making on the EU 28 Final Remarks by the General Rapporteur 32 Appendix 36 List of Participants 37 The Integration of Non-Estonians into Estonian Society 39 Table 1. Ethnic Composition of the Estonian Population 43 Table 2. Estonian Population by Ethnic Origin and Ethnic Language as Mother Tongue and Second Language (according to 1989 census) 44 Table 3. The Education of Teachers of Estonian Language Working in Russian Language Schools of Estonia 47 Table 4 (A;B). Teaching in the Estonian Language of Other Subjects at Russian Language Schools in 1996/97 48 Table 5. Language Used at Home of the First Grade Pupils of the Estonian Language Schools (school year of 1996/97) 51 Table 6. Number of Persons Passing the Language Proficiency Examination Required for Employment, as of 01 August 1997 52 Table 7. Number of Persons Taking the Estonian Language Examination for Citizenship Applicants under the New Citizenship Law (enacted 01 April 1995) as of 01 April 1997 53 2 Preface In 1997, ECMI initiated several series of regional seminars dealing with areas where inter-ethnic tension was a matter of international concern or where ethnopolitical conflicts had broken out.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2016, 3/4 (157/158), 477–511 Historical consciousness, personal life experiences and the orientation of Estonian foreign policy toward the West, 1988–1991 Kaarel Piirimäe and Pertti Grönholm ABSTRACT The years 1988 to 1991 were a critical juncture in the history of Estonia. Crucial steps were taken during this time to assure that Estonian foreign policy would not be directed toward the East but primarily toward the integration with the West. In times of uncertainty and institutional flux, strong individuals with ideational power matter the most. This article examines the influence of For- eign Minister Lennart Meri’s and Prime Minister Edgar Savisaar’s experienc- es and historical consciousness on their visions of Estonia’s future position in international affairs. Life stories help understand differences in their horizons of expectation, and their choices in conducting Estonian diplomacy. Keywords: historical imagination, critical junctures, foreign policy analysis, So- viet Union, Baltic states, Lennart Meri Much has been written about the Baltic states’ success in breaking away from Eastern Europe after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and their decisive “return to the West”1 via radical economic, social and politi- Research for this article was supported by the “Reimagining Futures in the European North at the End of the Cold War” project which was financed by the Academy of Finland. Funding was also obtained from the “Estonia, the Baltic states and the Collapse of the Soviet Union: New Perspectives on the End of the Cold War” project, financed by the Estonian Research Council, and the “Myths, Cultural Tools and Functions – Historical Narratives in Constructing and Consolidating National Identity in 20th and 21st Century Estonia” project, which was financed by the Turku Institute for Advanced Studies (TIAS, University of Turku).
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Office of the Governor Flag Protocol
    EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR FLAG PROTOCOL Revised 9/26/2012 The Florida Department of State is the custodian of the official State of Florida Flag and maintains a Flag Protocol and Display web page at http://www.dos.state.fl.us/office/admin-services/flag-main.aspx. The purposes of the Flag Protocol of the Executive Office of the Governor are to outline the procedures regarding the lowering of the National and State Flags to half-staff by directive; to provide information regarding the display of special flags; and to answer frequently asked questions received in this office about flag protocol. Please direct any questions, inquires, or comments to the Office of the General Counsel: By mail: Executive Office of the Governor Office of the General Counsel 400 South Monroe Street The Capitol, Room 209 Tallahassee, FL 32399 By phone: 850.717.9310 By email: [email protected] By web: www.flgov.com/flag-alert/ Revised 9/26/2012 NATIONAL AND STATE FLAG POLICY By order of the President of the United States, the National Flag shall be flown at half-staff upon the death of principal figures of the United States government and the governor of a state, territory, or possession, as a mark of respect to their memory. In the event of the death of other officials or foreign dignitaries, the flag is to be flown at half-staff according to presidential instructions or orders, in accordance with recognized customs or practices not inconsistent with law. (4 U.S.C. § 7(m)). The State Flag shall be flown at half-staff whenever the National Flag is flown at half-staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy 226 – United States Flag Etiquette and Patriotic Courtesies
    Policy Pasadena Police Department 226 Pasadena PD Policy Manual United States Flag Etiquette and Patriotic Courtesies 226.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE To provide guidance, consistent with those of the federal government, for employees of the Pasadena Police Department to display proper respect to the Flag of the United States of America ('Flag'). Guidelines for proper procedures are set forth herein: (a) Rules of etiquette and respect of the Flag shall be followed by all employees of the Pasadena Police Department while on duty or in uniform. (b) Rules of etiquette and respect of the Flag are applicable at all times, day or night, inside or outdoors, during athletic events, parades, National, State or City ceremonies, etc. (c) These rules of etiquette apply only so far as the immediate duties of the police employee will permit and are intended to direct his/her behavior under normal conditions. (d) Nothing in this policy is intended to suppress or interfere with the duties of a police officer wherein the officer is involved in protecting life and/or property, preserving the peace or pursuing and/or arresting violators of the law. 226.2 DISPLAY OF THE U.S. FLAG ON THE FLAG POLE The Flag is always flown in a position of honor. In no event shall any other flag fly at a level higher than the American Flag, nor shall the Flag be flown upside down. In the event of multiple flags being flown from multiple poles, the Flag will be displayed at the higher pole or in the event all poles are of the same height, the Flag will be flown on the right (the Flags own right).
    [Show full text]
  • Tallinn City Guidebook
    www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow 11 top things to do in Tallinn, Estonia Published Date : August 24, 2020 Categories : Estonia Estonia, a small country in Northern Europe borders the Baltic Sea, Russia, and Latvia. Estonia’s capital Tallinn is quite famous for it’s well preserved medieval old town and it’s cathedrals. There are many things to do in Tallinn and the city is similar to any other European city. Tallinn was in my itinerary as a part of four country cruise trip (Stockholm — Tallinn — St. Petersburg — Helsinki — Stockholm). Pm2am were the organizers and it was their inaugural cruise trip too. 11 things to do in Tallinn 1. Free walking tour To know any European city, take a walking tour, especially in the old town. The tour guide gives a brief overview of the history, architecture, how the city was affected during war times, and many more insights. They show you places that even google maps can’t locate. Tallinn offers many free walking tours like the one from traveller, freetour. You just need to be on time at the meeting point and they take care of the rest. I also did a free walking tour in Warsaw and Belgrade. www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow The tour typically lasts 2 – 2.5 hours depending on your group size. Don’t forget to tip the guide at the end. Travel Tip: Do the tour on your first day and ask the guide for the best local food, things to do in the city, nightlife. It allows you to plan the vacation more efficiently.
    [Show full text]
  • Pealkirjaregister • 2005 — Index of Titels • 2005
    PEALKIRJAREGISTER • 2005 — INDEX OF TITELS • 2005 PEALKIRJAREGISTER 1000 looma 2881 1001 looduslikku vahendit 2166 1001 natural remedies 2166 1003 great things about moms 496 1 1003 olulist tõsiasja emade kohta 496 101 teost Eesti Kunstimuuseumi kogudest 10 aastat ajalugu 3661 2972 10 aastat Sideametit 3657 101 works from the collection of the Art 10 Estonian novelists [Võrguteavik] 2271 Museum of Estonia 2972 10 Estonian poets [Võrguteavik] 2272 112 - kaitse end ja aita teist [Võrguteavik] 10 IEEE European Test Symposium 1379 3329 122 kasutatud autot 199 10 mõtet ajast 38 125 aastat Järvakandi klaasitööstust 10-aastane Keila SOS Hermann Gmei- 2602 neri Kool 3667 130 aastat hariduse andmist Tori koolis 10-minute clutter control 1632 2474 10-minute crystal ball 861 1300 math formulas [Võrguteavik] 2129 10-minute feng shui 1631 13th European Conference on Reading 10. aastapäeva konverentsi “Eestlase “Reading-writing-thinking” 5 religioossus - minevik, tänapäev, 13th scientific conference 2443 tulevik” ettekannete teeside kogumik 15 aastat ettevõtjate teenistuses 691 4481 15 aastat kutseharidust Taeblas 1329 100 aastat rahvuslikku lasteaeda Eestis 2092 15 years of enterprise advocacy 691 100 bright ideas for bathrooms 2975 151 võimalust olla lahe ema 4108 100 bright ideas for kitchens 2974 151 ways to become super mum 4108 100 fantastic things to do 3793 15th European-Japanese conference on 100 küsimust lastearstile 1384 information modelling and knowledge 100 kysymystä lastenlääkärille 1384 bases 3161 100 lemmikretsepti 4202 1905. aasta
    [Show full text]
  • 1999 Ar En Eek.Pdf
    SISUKORD CONTENTS 2 Juhatuse esimehe pöördumine Chairman’s statement 3 Juhatus ja missioon The Management Board and the Mission of the Company 5 Tooted Products 7 Turg Market 11 Müük Sales 12 Festivalid Festivals 13 Sponsorprojektid Sponsor projects 15 Juhatuse ja nõukogu kinnitus Statement from the Management Board and the Council 16 Juhatuse tegevusaruanne Activity report 20 Raamatupidamisaruanne Financial statements 24 Raamatupidamisaruande lisad Notes to the financial statements 32 Audiitori järeldusotsus Auditor’s report LÜHIFAKTID KEY FACTS LÜHIDALT SAKU ÕLLETEHASEST SAKU ÕLLETEHAS 1999 • Suurim ja vanim õlletehas Eestis • Oli suurima müügimahuga Baltimaade õlletehas • Asutatud 1820 krahv Karl Friedrich • Osakaal Eesti õlleturul kasvas 50%-ni (1998 – 48%) Rehbinderi poolt • Kogumüügi suurus kasvas 51,6 miljoni liitrini (+25%) • Peamine kaubamärk Saku Originaal • Saku õllede müügimaht kasvas 47,1 miljoni liitrini (+26%), mineraalvee Vichy • Vabalt kaubeldavad aktsiad Tallinna Classique müük kasvas 3,9 miljoni liitrini (+26%) Väärtpaberibörsil • Realiseerimise netokäive ulatus 715 miljoni kroonini (+32%) • Omanike struktuur: 75% Baltic • Puhaskasum suurenes 61 miljoni kroonini (+40%) Beverages Holding, 25% • Jõudis kuuendat korda Eesti Tööandjate ja Tööstuse Keskliidu konkursil "Eesti väikeaktsionärid Tööstuse TOP 50" laureaatide hulka • Tunnistati 1998. aasta majandustulemuste põhjal Eesti parimaks toiduaine- tööstusettevõtteks ajalehe Äripäev konkursil "Eesti Toiduainetööstuse TOP 30" • Jõudis 1998. aasta majandustulemuste põhjal
    [Show full text]
  • Identity and Integration of Russian Speakers in the Baltic States: a Framework for Analysis
    This is an author’s final draft. The article has been published by Ethnopolitics. (2015) 14:1, pp.72-93: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449057.2014.933051#.U8EwofldWSo Identity and Integration of Russian Speakers in the Baltic States: A Framework for Analysis Dr Ammon Cheskin, Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow [email protected] Abstract: Following a review of current scholarship on identity and integration patterns of Russian speakers in the Baltic states, this article proposes an analytical framework to help understand current trends. Rogers Brubaker’s widely-employed triadic nexus is expanded to demonstrate why a form of Russian-speaking identity has been emerging, but has failed to become fully consolidated, and why significant integration has occurred structurally but not identificationally. By enumerating the subfields of political, economic, and cultural ‘stances’ and ‘representations’ the model helps to understand the complicated integration processes of minority groups that possess complex relationships with ‘external homelands’, ‘nationalizing states’ and ‘international organizations’. Ultimately, it is argued that socio-economic factors largely reduce the capacity for a consolidated identity; political factors have a moderate tendency to reduce this capacity; while cultural factors generally increase the potential for a consolidated group identity. This article proceeds by reviewing the scholarly literature from 1992-2014 relating to Russians/Russian speakers in the Baltic states.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia Statelessness
    Ending Childhood A Study on Estonia Statelessness: Working Paper 04/15 EUROPEAN NETWORK ON STATELESSNESS © European Network on Statelessness. All Rights Reserved. This paper and sections thereof may be distributed and reproduced without formal permission for the purposes of non-commercial research, private study, news reporting and training, provided that the material is appropriately attributed to the authors and the copyright-holder. This working paper was commissioned by the European Network on Statelessness (ENS) a civil society alliance with 100 members in over 30 countries, committed to addressing statelessness in Europe. Among other objectives, ENS advocates for the enjoyment of a right to a nationality by all. This working paper is part of a series that has been produced in support of the ENS Campaign “None of Europe’s children should be stateless” which was launched in November 2014. ENS wishes to acknowledge the generous support for this campaign received from the Sigrid Rausing Trust and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This paper was researched and written by Aleksei Semjonov, Director; Jelena Karzetskaja, Lawyer; and Elena Ezhova, Lawyer – Legal Information Centre for Human Rights (an ENS Associate Member). European Network on Statelessness Club Union House, 253-254 Upper Street London, N1 1RY United Kingdom Charity Number 1158414 [email protected] www.statelessness.eu For further information about ENS, its activities or proposals for research or other collaboration, contact ENS Director Chris Nash at [email protected]. The Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion is an Expert Partner for the ENS Campaign ‘None of Europe’s Children should be stateless.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2018 XXIV
    Facta non solum verba ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK FACTS AND FIGURES ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XXIV (51) 2018 TALLINN 2019 This book was compiled by: Jaak Järv (editor-in-chief) Editorial team: Siiri Jakobson, Ebe Pilt, Marika Pärn, Tiina Rahkama, Ülle Raud, Ülle Sirk Translator: Kaija Viitpoom Layout: Erje Hakman Photos: Annika Haas p. 30, 31, 48, Reti Kokk p. 12, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, Janis Salins p. 33. The rest of the photos are from the archive of the Academy. Thanks to all authos for their contributions: Jaak Aaviksoo, Agnes Aljas, Madis Arukask, Villem Aruoja, Toomas Asser, Jüri Engelbrecht, Arvi Hamburg, Sirje Helme, Marin Jänes, Jelena Kallas, Marko Kass, Meelis Kitsing, Mati Koppel, Kerri Kotta, Urmas Kõljalg, Jakob Kübarsepp, Maris Laan, Marju Luts-Sootak, Märt Läänemets, Olga Mazina, Killu Mei, Andres Metspalu, Leo Mõtus, Peeter Müürsepp, Ülo Niine, Jüri Plado, Katre Pärn, Anu Reinart, Kaido Reivelt, Andrus Ristkok, Ave Soeorg, Tarmo Soomere, Külliki Steinberg, Evelin Tamm, Urmas Tartes, Jaana Tõnisson, Marja Unt, Tiit Vaasma, Rein Vaikmäe, Urmas Varblane, Eero Vasar Printed in Priting House Paar ISSN 1406-1503 (printed version) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA ISSN 2674-2446 (web version) CONTENTS FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................................5 CHRONICLE 2018 ..................................................................................................................................7 MEMBERSHIP
    [Show full text]
  • London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Government
    London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Government Historical Culture, Conflicting Memories and Identities in post-Soviet Estonia Meike Wulf Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD at the University of London London 2005 UMI Number: U213073 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U213073 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Ih c s e s . r. 3 5 o ^ . Library British Library of Political and Economic Science Abstract This study investigates the interplay of collective memories and national identity in Estonia, and uses life story interviews with members of the intellectual elite as the primary source. I view collective memory not as a monolithic homogenous unit, but as subdivided into various group memories that can be conflicting. The conflict line between ‘Estonian victims’ and ‘Russian perpetrators* figures prominently in the historical culture of post-Soviet Estonia. However, by setting an ethnic Estonian memory against a ‘Soviet Russian’ memory, the official historical narrative fails to account for the complexity of the various counter-histories and newly emerging identities activated in times of socio-political ‘transition’.
    [Show full text]
  • City Break 100 Free Offers & Discounts for Exploring Tallinn!
    City Break 100 free offers & discounts for exploring Tallinn! Tallinn Card is your all-in-one ticket to the very best the city has to offer. Accepted in 100 locations, the card presents a simple, cost-effective way to explore Tallinn on your own, choosing the sights that interest you most. Tips to save money with Tallinn Card Sample visits with Normal 48 h 48 h Tallinn Card Adult Tallinn Price Card 48-hour Tallinn Card - €32 FREE 1st Day • Admission to 40 top city attractions, including: Sightseeing tour € 20 € 0 – Museums Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) € 10 € 0 – Churches, towers and town wall – Tallinn Zoo and Tallinn Botanic Garden Kiek in de Kök and Bastion Tunnels € 8,30 € 0 – Tallinn TV Tower and Seaplane Harbour National Opera Estonia -15% € 18 € 15,30 (Lennusadam) • Unlimited use of public transport 2nd Day • One city sightseeing tour of your choice Tallinn TV Tower € 7 € 0 • Ice skating in Old Town • Bicycle and boat rental Estonian Open Air Museum with free audioguide € 15,59 € 0 • Bowling or billiards Tallinn Zoo € 5,80 € 0 • Entrance to one of Tallinn’s most popular Public transport (Day card) € 3 € 0 nightclubs • All-inclusive guidebook with city maps Bowling € 18 € 0 Total cost € 105,69 € 47,30 DISCOUNTS ON *Additional discounts in restaurants, cafés and shops plus 130-page Tallinn Card guidebook • Sightseeing tours in Tallinn and on Tallinn Bay • Day trips to Lahemaa National Park, The Tallinn Card is sold at: the Tallinn Tourist Information Centre Naissaare and Prangli islands (Niguliste 2), hotels, the airport, the railway station, on Tallinn-Moscow • Food and drink in restaurants, bars and cafés and Tallinn-St.
    [Show full text]