24 Parkway Viaduct carries the Supertram beyond the Park Square roundabout and alongside 29 Below here a sewer has been the Parkway link road to the tunnelled from Shalesmoor to The whole of the route is suitable for both M1. It is a post-tensioned glued the Sewage Treatment Works at pushchairs and wheelchairs, and there are bus and segmental reinforced concrete Blackburn Meadows near structure 295m long with spans of Meadowhall. Parts of the tunnel tram stops along some sections of the route. 55m. are up to 5.5m in diameter (large enough to take a double decker For parking information, call 0114 273 4567 or visit: bus). www.sheffield.gov.uk/parking For public transport information, call 01709 515151 or visit: www.travelsouthyorkshire.com 25 The carries the Five Weirs Walk, a 3m wide 30 On the corner with Castle Mobility scooters are available to hire Monday cycle and pedestrian route over Street is The Old Town Hall. It was built in 1807-8 to Saturday 08:30 to 17:30 from the River Don. It is suspended from Arches Viaduct. for the Town Trustees and Mobile Sheffield, The Moor Market, S1 4PF. court. The trustees carried out Call 0114 273 8787 to book. many of the functions of a local For information visit: www.mobilesheffield.co.uk council. It became entirely a court with tunnelled links to the For information and leaflets on walking in Sheffield police station by 1897. and local walking initiatives visit: www.sheffield.gov.uk and search “walking” 26 The Wicker Arches were Opposite is the site of the former market buildings. In 2013, completed in 1848. At 603m these were replaced with a state-of-the-art building at For additional copies of this leaflet please contact ICE long with 42 arches, this was the Moorfoot, ending a centuries old association with this site. Yorkshire and Humber e: [email protected] largest masonry viaduct in Europe Exciting plans are in place to redevelop the site and uncover or call in to Sheffield’s central library on Surrey Street, when it was built. It is a grade II parts of the Sheffield Castle and the River Sheaf. S1 2LH. listed structure and Historical Engineering Work.

31 Sheffield’s first tram network began in 1872, growing over 27 The Sheffield Inner Relief Road extensions of 2001 and the following 40 years and finally 2009 linked Sheffield Parkway and the Shalesmoor area of closing in 1960. Work began on the city. They include a 40m span railway bridge, a 35m and two the Supertram in 1991 with the 39m span river and canal bridges and 15m high retaining walls. first section being opened in March 1994 and the last part of the three-line network opening in 23 Although the River Don had October 1995. been made navigable to 28 Lady’s Bridge is also grade II listed and a Historical Tinsley by 1751, the extension Engineering Work. This 5-span ribbed arch bridge was built to the city, the Sheffield Canal by in 1486. It was widened on its upstream side in 1760-1. After the William Chapman, was not begun Sheffield Flood in 1864, which until 1815 and was completed in resulted from the failure of the Dale 32 The Foster’s Buildings 1819. Dyke Dam on the moors above on the south side of High Sheffield, it was repaired and Street were the first in Sheffield, widened on its downstream side. In in 1894, to have a lift. (The lift The original Terminal Warehouse 1909 it was widened again, using shaft is catching the sunlight in remains and has been sympathetically restored. The other cast iron beams and lattice girders this photograph.) buildings around the canal basin are mid to late 19th century, on cast iron columns. the Straddle Warehouse being notable.

Discover what makes Sheffield civilised

We all need to be protected from the elements, to have a safe water supply and effective sanitation. A civilised society needs more than this – transport, For more information on this leaflet or any civil engineering enquiry, please contact the Institution of Civil Engineers in Yorkshire and Humber: power, buildings and disposal of waste. t: +44 (0) 191 261 1850 e: [email protected] w: www.ice.org.uk Civil engineering is the name we give to this infrastructure; dams, reservoirs and other aspects of water supply; drainage Photographs © Angela Harpham ( www.angelaharphamphotoart.me.uk), and sewerage; transport by road, rail, water and air; bridges for David Tattersall, Duncan Froggatt, Shefffield City Council, Sheffield vehicles, trains and pedestrians; seaports, docks, airports, canals and Cathedral, Stephanie Thomas, Thomas Barnes and Yorkshire Water. aqueducts; power stations, renewable energy, pipelines and the structures that support towers and buildings. Compiled by Duncan Froggatt BSc (Hons) CEng MICE MIStructE.

Originally, any engineering that was not military was civil, but © Institution of Civil Engineers, 2015. Second edition. Registered Charity No. 21025. Charity registered in Scotland No. SC038629 now there are many specialised professional engineers who work together, and with scientists and other professions, to create, improve Cover images: and protect the environment in which we live. Engineers provide the Top: The Winter Garden from St Paul’s Place facilities for everyday life in a civilised society by designing, Bottom: City centre transport networks - Commercial Street Bridge (right) constructing, maintaining and, eventually, removing them.

Sheffield is a civilised city and this walk shows something of how this has been achieved. You will see buildings and structures, various forms of transport (road, rail, tram and water) and the bridges they need. You will not see hidden essentials like water supply and drainage but you will learn something about where they are. You will see different materials being used in different forms - all designed and constructed by engineers applying science and using engineering principles.

The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) is the oldest of the world’s engineering institutions with origins going back to 1771.

Established in 1818, and granted a Royal Charter in 1828, the ICE was founded to ensure professionalism in civil engineering. It is now composed of some 86,000 individual members around the world. 9 The (1971) 16 From the bottom of Howard was designed for theatre in-the- Street there is a good view round, and is constructed mainly of across to the internationally famous 1 Part of the Cathedral is reinforced concrete and concrete Park Hill Flats. Completed in 1961, recorded as being built in 1101, block masonry. It recently received a these now-listed buildings provided making it, arguably, the oldest makeover with new spaces within the “streets in the sky” for the people of building still in use in Sheffield, old, a small extension and new more Sheffield. Park Hill flats recently although possibly only fragments of efficient heating, ventilation and underwent a major facelift while the 1280 rebuild survive. It was also lighting. retaining the original structure. the first building to use electricity for powering a motor in the city, in 1892. 10 The Lyceum Theatre, originally built in 1893, was extensively 2 The Cutlers’ Hall has been on this refurbished in 1991. New spaces site since 1638, 14 years after the were created, in under and around The Midland Railway was foundation of the company. The the old to vastly improve conditions 17 extended to Sheffield in 1868-70 present building dates from 1832. The for all users. Both theatres are listed by Benton & Woodiwiss to designs Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire buildings. promotes and supports manufacturing by John Crossley of Derby. Much of industry in South Yorkshire as well as the station front you see today is the Sheffield cutlers and silversmiths. 1905 extension with further alterations in 1991 and 2003. The footbridge across the station, which gives access to all platforms and the Supertram, was renewed in 2003 to improve the quality of 3 Originally built as a school and access. then used as the education offices, 11 The Winter Garden (2002) has the listed buildings have been cleverly an inverted catenary form to the refurbished while retaining as much as arches. This is very efficient. It is possible of the original buildings to heated, as are many city centre create the Leopold Hotel and Leopold buildings, by the Sheffield District Square. Heating scheme. 18 Sheffield Passenger Transport Interchange serves mainly longer distance bus routes and coaches. Adjacent to the modern 4 The Barker’s Pool, after which the area is buildings, on Pond named, was a large cistern holding rain and Hill, is the Old spring water for use by the people of the 16th Queen’s Head, a 15th century town. century timber-framed hall. It was carefully restored in 1992. The culverts 19 carrying the River Sheaf are visible here. It was culverted in the 1860s as the city expanded into the river valley with the development of the railway and market area. The water supply of the pool had been enhanced in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. However, it was demolished in or around 1796 as supplies improved. 20 International 5 The City Hall Leisure Centre was built in provides Olympic 1932 and employed standard swimming some of the longest and diving facilities. span reinforced The main roof consists concrete beams in of exposed tubular Europe to support steel trusses forming a the roof. It was shallow arch. extensively refurbished in 2003. In addition to the eponymous forge, the site was also home to the city’s first electricity power station and company offices. These generators were replaced with sets by the River Don initially 6 The Palazzo style upstream then downstream of the city centre. building of 1867 Later the national grid replaced all local to the west of the City generators. Hall is the former offices of the Sheffield Waterworks Opposite, on the Company and corner of Commercial represents a Street and Shude Hill continuation of this are the former offices area as the focus of water supply for the city. of The Sheffield United Gas Light Company of Millennium Galleries are 12 1874, described as one of the finest integrated with the Winter 19th century building in the city. The Garden. They won a national award first gas works was nearby on for the extensive use of high quality Shude Hill. It was later replaced as demand grew with works in 7 The present Town Hall was reinforced concrete. completed in 1897. Built to The Don Valley and the subsequent establishment of the house the increasing number of staff national grid. needed to cope with the new duties The footbridge into Ponds the council had taken on over the 21 Forge Swimming Pool previous decade or so, including 13 St Paul’s Tower, now the tallest building building was required by the roads and water supply. in Sheffield, is 32 storeys and 101m high client to be “interesting and plus the basement levels. In-situ reinforced imaginative”. Tensioned cabling is used to stiffen the slender structure. An extension was planned in the concrete was used for the frame of the 1930s, but war preparations intervened and the site became the building providing a robust core, to which Peace Gardens. Their landscaping in 1998 as part of the Heart of modular cladding was added. the City project was widely acclaimed. The walls used the same stone as the Town Hall. There is a set of standard measures set 14 The Charles into the side of Cheney Row adjoining the Town Hall. Street “Cheese -grater” Car Park 22 Commercial Street Bridge extensively used spans one of the busiest traffic precast concrete roundabouts in Sheffield and 8 he Upper Chapel was originally to allow rapid high carries two tracks of the Supertram built in 1700 and is the earliest quality and a pedestrian walkway. The surviving building to be built construction. bridge consists of a tied arch span of substantially of brick as opposed to 74m and two simple side spans of timber or stone. 12.5m and 18m.

15 This area was laid out by the Duke of Norfolk’s agent in the late 18th century. It came to provide the workspaces for the burgeoning steel and cutlery trades. It is now designated as Sheffield’s cultural industries quarter.