Parkwood Springs History Trail
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Parkwood Springs History Trail Parkwood Springs Parkwood Springs, Shirecliffe, is a high sandstone ridge rising from the east bank of the Upper Don Valley stretching for about 2 km from Neepsend in the south to Herries Road ponds in the North, where the ancient woodland of Scraithwood and Rawson Spring Wood form the northern slope. The northern part, Wardsend – or originally World's End – marked the boundary between Sheffield and the district of Ecclesfield. The whole area comprises 144 hectares – over 300 acres – about the size of Hyde Park in London. The highest point is 575 feet (175 metres) above sea level. In 1819 the historian Joseph Hunter, in Hunter’s Hallamshire, described Shirecliffe as, ‘beautifully clothed with a forest verdure …the ground declining to the river Don.’ For centuries the hillside was wooded, with sandstone outcrops which give the name ‘Shirecliffe’, which means bright or gleaming, steep hillside. Certainly the ridge catches the afternoon and evening sun and the sandstone outcrops – mainly Grenoside sandstone - must have shone brightly. There are two SSSIs (sites of special scientific interest) where outcrops of Carboniferous sandstone are found - formed c. 300 million years ago when Sheffield had a tropical climate! The site of one SSSI – the old Neepsend brickworks where some Neolithic remains were lost through quarrying for ganister to line the furnaces of the steel works. The views from Parkwood Springs over the city - through the Rivelin and Loxley valleys out to Derwent Edge - are stunning and not to be missed, particularly at sunset when the hillsides and valleys of Sheffield City acquire a magical, misty red glow. The Beacons event each October – sunset from the viewpoint. From Parkwood Springs there are panoramic views over the City of Sheffield. Local Councillor and former Lord Mayor, Jackie Drayton, surveying city views from a sandstone outcrop. Over the centuries Parkwood Springs has undergone a varied history of human intervention - used for hunting grounds, mining, woodland management, coppicing and tree clearing, quarrying, farming, industrialisation, industrial settlement, railway and power station, a cemetery, allotments, military use, landfill, the ski village, industrial and recreational facilities. The majority of the land is in the ownership of Sheffield City Council, which also assumed responsibility for Wardsend Cemetery from the Church of England. Viridor Ltd. continue to own the restored landfill site and will continue to be responsible for its maintainance. The Ski Village For more than 20 years the ski slopes provided a valuable asset to the city. Many school groups used the facilities. Fires at the ski village left the area needing urgent work to secure and redevelop the site. Redevelopment plans are finally underway. The Mountain Bike Trail was installed in 2012 attracting mountain bikers from across the country as well as offering local people a world-class biking facility free of charge and close to the city centre. Our Country Park in the City. For about 30 years from the 1970s, Parkwood Springs was left neglected and largely forgotten - known mainly as a site for landfill and the recycling of refuse. During this time, however, nature began to reclaim and re-vegetate the area. Parkwood Springs began to regenerate as a place of wild heath and woodland offering the natural beauty of a potential country park within a mile of Sheffield City Centre. In 2002, the City Council launched the initiative: Parkwood Springs – Your Vision. Community consultation and involvement led to setting up the Friends of Parkwood Springs in 2010 supporting a wide range of activities and developments to bring Parkwood Springs into responsible public use. Visitors can enjoy the wild, open space and steep escarpments for recreation and sport, observe and study wildlife and help to conserve a beautiful landscape for quiet reflection and renewal - all within a short distance of high density housing and the city centre. Parkwood Springs brings a history which reflects rural, industrial and ecological changes over the centuries. It has a unique place in Sheffield's historical landscape and will provide a valued city landscape for generations of Sheffielders to enjoy. Beacons 2012 Mr. Fox dance with fire. Schools cross country – organised by Watercliffe Meadow. Admiring the view: History walk with the Rangers One of Jason Thomson's sculptures – The Spirit of Parkwood at the Gateway to Parkwood Springs at Shirecliffe/Cooks Wood Road. History Walk – a walk of about 1 hour. Our History walk begins at the sculpture and meeting point – 'The Spirit of Parkwood'. This can be found at the main car park entrance to Parkwood Springs at the junction of Shirecliffe Lane, Shirecliffe Road and Cooks Wood Road. There is a bus stop close by named 'Batworth Road', a bus stop beside the Sheffield United Academy on Shirecliffe Road, or a short walk from Pitsmoor Post Office which can be accessed by a number of bus routes. The car park at this entrance is open at weekends. The walk takes you between key points of interest and is a round walk, therefore you can join it at any point en route. Just find your starting point and follow from one key point to the next. Point 1 The Spirit of Parkwood. (Picture on previous page) The sculpture. The sculpture, The Spirit of Parkwood, was created by Jason Thomson, funded by Viridor Credits Landfill Communities Fund and Sheffield City Council and installed in December 2011. The sculpture is cast in iron, which has rusted to a warm golden- brown colour. The coating of rust protects the iron structure and remains durable in all weathers. In discussion with members of the local community the sculpture was created to encapsulate elements of the history and nature of Parkwood Springs. Each element is identified on the explanatory plaque installed close to the sculpture. Key elements seen in the sculpture include: The deer park, the tree branches giving shape to the charcoal burner’s hut, the stained glass window of the ancient chapel, tools of the woodland coppice workers, artefacts from domestic life - both high status and working people’s lives at Parkwood Springs. Look for the tea pot and the small ball. The intricate interweaving of the ironwork affords a glimpse through history to the landscape beyond Point 2 - Shirecliffe Hall On the site of the car park stood the ‘new’ Shirecliffe Hall built in the early 1800s by H.E.Watson JP. The Watson family had lived at Shirecliffe Hall since 1775. H.E. Watson had the old Shirecliffe Hall demolished and he built ‘a good modern house near the site’. He was a local dignitary ‘who worthily upholds the historic character of his mansion.’ Mr. Watson was ‘chairman of the Borough Conservative and Constitutional Association, Justice of the Peace for the West Riding (Sheffield was in the West Riding at that time), a Town Trustee, a Church Burgess, a director of Chas. Cammell and Co. Ltd (later Cammell Laird) and to put it shortly, one of the most prominent and popular of local gentlemen.’ Nearby, across the top of the present Cooks Wood Road was the site of the old Shirecliffe Hall, which was situated on Shirecliffe Lane. Shirecliffe Lane ran from Pitsmoor to the present Shirecliffe Road and continued to approximately the site of the Sheffield United Football Academy, where it became Cockshutt Lane, which ran through Roe Wood. Old ‘Shiercliffe Hall’ – ‘Shirtcliffe Hall Farm’ Old Shirecliffe Hall was built by the Norman family - de Mounteney - who gave their name to the Monteney estate, part of Parson Cross. The family lived at Cowley Manor, Chapeltown, a large castellated manor house. They worshipped and were buried at St. Mary’s Church in Ecclesfield where a portrait, thought to be of Joan de Mounteney (1321-1395), still survives in a window. Shirecliffe was a sub-manor gifted to the de Mounteneys after the Norman conquest in 1066 by the de Louvetots, to whom they were related. In 1392, Sir Thomas de Mounteney was granted a licence by King Richard II to make a deer park at Shirecliffe. This was an area for keeping deer as a source of food, hunting game and rabbits and grazing animals. Shirecliffe Hall was a mediaeval hall or hunting lodge within the deer park. According to Hunter’s Hallamshire, ‘Sir John Mounteney had a license from the Crown to inclose 200 acres of land, 300 acres of wood and 20 acres of his demesne land in Shiercliffe, and to make a park of the same.’ ‘The family continued to reside at Shiercliffe and Cowley till the reign of King Henry VIII, when the eldest line ended in female heiresses. The last de Mounteney to reside at Shiercliffe was John who died in 1536. He died in the prime of life, and there was a tradition that he was assaulted and wounded in the church porch of Sheffield, which wound hastened his death.’ In 1568 the property was purchased by John Thwaites, ( brother of John de Mounteney’s son-in –law, Thomas Thwaites.) In 1572, he sold it as a ‘very valuable acquisition’ to George, the 6th Earl of Shrewbury, who returned it to the manor of Sheffield. In 1587 the de Mounteney heirs contested the sale and regained the property and land at a hearing in York, leasing it to tenant occupants, the Brough family. By the end of the 16th Century the land was ‘disparked’ and turned into large coppiced woods. In 1637 there were still deer in the area. Harrison’s survey details the use of timber and wood. The map shows Shirtcliffe Hall, Cooke Wood, Oaken Banke Wood, The Lords Wood, Shirtcliffe Parke Wood and Scraith Banke. The Hall was tenanted by Richard Burrowes or Boroughs (Brough), ‘gentleman’ and it was described as ‘ a dwelling house and ancient Chappell, one Barne, one Oxhouse, one Orchard.’ In 1638, the lease expired and Mr.