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The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC. -
ATINER's Conference Paper Series ARC2013-0723
ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: ARC2013-0723 Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER's Conference Paper Series ARC2013-0723 Reuse of Historical Train Station Buildings: Examples from the World and Turkey H.Abdullah Erdogan Research Assistant Selcuk University Faculty of Architecture Department of Architecture Turkey Ebru Erdogan Assistant Professor Selcuk University Faculty of Fine Arts Department of Interior Architecture & Environmental Design Turkey 1 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: ARC2013-0723 Athens Institute for Education and Research 8 Valaoritou Street, Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece Tel: + 30 210 3634210 Fax: + 30 210 3634209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr URL Conference Papers Series: www.atiner.gr/papers.htm Printed in Athens, Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved. Reproduction is allowed for non-commercial purposes if the source is fully acknowledged. ISSN 2241-2891 7/11/2013 2 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: ARC2013-0723 An Introduction to ATINER's Conference Paper Series ATINER started to publish this conference papers series in 2012. It includes only the papers submitted for publication after they were presented at one of the conferences organized by our Institute every year. The papers published in the series have not been refereed and are published as they were submitted by the author. The series serves two purposes. First, we want to disseminate the information as fast as possible. Second, by doing so, the authors can receive comments useful to revise their papers before they are considered for publication in one of ATINER's books, following our standard procedures of a blind review. -
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Chapter 12 Aristocrats, Mercenaries, Clergymen and Refugees: Deliberate and Forced Mobility of Armenians in the Early Medieval Mediterranean (6th to 11th Century a.d.) Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 1 Introduction Armenian mobility in the early Middle Ages has found some attention in the scholarly community. This is especially true for the migration of individuals and groups towards the Byzantine Empire. A considerable amount of this re- search has focused on the carriers and histories of individual aristocrats or noble families of Armenian origin. The obviously significant share of these in the Byzantine elite has even led to formulations such as Byzantium being a “Greco-Armenian Empire”.1 While, as expected, evidence for the elite stratum is relatively dense, larger scale migration of members of the lower aristocracy (“azat”, within the ranking system of Armenian nobility, see below) or non- aristocrats (“anazat”) can also be traced with regard to the overall movement of groups within the entire Byzantine sphere. In contrast to the nobility, however, the life stories and strategies of individuals of these backgrounds very rarely can be reconstructed based on our evidence. In all cases, the actual signifi- cance of an “Armenian” identity for individuals and groups identified as “Ar- menian” by contemporary sources or modern day scholarship (on the basis of 1 Charanis, “Armenians in the Byzantine Empire”, passim; Charanis, “Transfer of population”; Toumanoff, “Caucasia and Byzantium”, pp. 131–133; Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen, pp. 124–127, 134–135; Haldon, “Late Roman Senatorial Elite”, pp. 213–215; Whitby, “Recruitment”, pp. 87–90, 99–101, 106–110; Isaac, “Army in the Late Roman East”, pp. -
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Creative Space,Vol. 6, No. 2, Jan. 2019, pp. 85–100 Vol.-6 | No.-2 | Jan. 2019 Creative Space Journal homepage: https://cs.chitkara.edu.in/ Study of the Distinguishing Features of Mughal Mosque in Dhaka: A Case of Sat Gambuj Mosque Shirajom Monira Khondker Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) Dhaka, Bangladesh. *Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Received: August 8, 2018 Mosque is the main focal point of Islamic spirit and accomplishments. All over the world in the Revised: October 9, 2018 Muslim settlements mosque becomes an edifice of distinct significance which is introduced by Prophet Accepted: November 17, 2018 Muhammad (Sm.). Since the initial stage of Islam, Muslim architecture has been developed as the base point of mosque. Mosque architecture in medieval time uncovering clearly its sacred identity Published online: January 8, 2019 especially during the pre-Mughal and Mughal period in Bengal. Dhaka, the capital city of independent Bangladesh, is known as the city of mosques. The Mughal mosques of Dhaka are the exceptional example of mosque architecture wherever the ideas and used materials with distinguishing features Keywords: have been successfully integrated in the medieval context of Bengal. In this research study, the author Mughal Mosque, Dhaka city, Sat Gambuj selected a unique historical as well as Dhaka’s most iconic Mughal era Mosque named “Sat Gambuj Mosque, Architectural Features, Structure Mosque” (Seven Domed Mosque). The mosque, built in the 17th century, is a glowing illustration of and Decoration, Distinguishing Features. Mughal Architecture with seven bulbous domes crowning the roof of the mosque, covering the main prayer area. -
English Style, from the Late 18Th Century)
WHC-99/CONF.204/INF.7 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION BUREAU OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 23rd session (5 - 10 July 1999) Paris (France) EVALUATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The IUCN and ICOMOS evaluations are made available to members of the Bureau and the World Heritage Committee. A small number of additional copies are also available from the secretariat. Thank you. 1999 Mountains and down to the valley floors. Both rock art and Greater Blue Mountains (Australia) tracks are intact and authentic. The exceptional circumstances of the Greater Blue Mountains are the scale, intensity, and longevity of the No 917 cultural association. It is a place where ancient custodianship over the million hectares of dissected plateaux has been replaced by another, more recent, form of custodianship, significant nonetheless. The intense inter-relationship of nature and people over tens of thousands of years make the Greater Blue Mountains a Identification classic example of the nature-culture continuum, which has exercised the minds of the World Heritage Committee over Nomination The Greater Blue Mountains Area recent years and was given expression in its Global Strategy meeting of March 1998. Cultural criterion vi Location State of New South Wales State Party Australia Category of property Date 30 June 1998 In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a site. Note This property is nominated under both natural and History and Description cultural criteria as a mixed site. In this evaluation only that History information from the dossier relating to nomination under the cultural criteria are taken into account. -
The Ruin of the Roman Empire
7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us. -
Of Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa in Timurid Period of Iran in Balkh, Afghanistan
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2014; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.4 Special Issue on Architecture, Urbanism, and Civil Engineering ISSN 1805-3602 Analysis of Architectural Structure (Mosque - Shrine) of Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa in Timurid Period of Iran in Balkh, Afghanistan Fereshteh Kharrazi Qadim Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract The shrines are monument of the deceased person which are constructed for respecting and honoring the memory of the deceased person and rely on spiritual concepts such as eternality, death, etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze architectural structure of Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa in Balkh, Afghanistan which was part of Iran in the Timurids period and Khorasan (one of the provinces in Iran) region. This period is one of the most important periods for application of the shrine monuments. This shrine is one of the most important shrines in the Timurids period and probably is one of the known historical monuments of Balkh and also plays a role of mosque which is called a kind of shrine mosque. Research method of this paper is historical – documentary and its analysis method is descriptive –analytical. So, all types of decorations and architectural physical elements of this monument are studied and results from magnificence are given. Key words: shrine, Abu Nasr Parsa , Balkh , Timurids period , Iran , Afghanistan Introduction Shrine monument for the Iranian great men has been considered more than other Islamic countries because the Iranians respected for their saints and great men and sanctified them and constructed shrines for eternizing names of these great men , humanitarians and famous people. -
The Armies of Belisarius and Narses
1 O’ROURKE: ARMIES OF BELISARIUS AND NARSES ARROW-STORMS AND CAVALRY PIKES WARFARE IN THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN I, AD 527-565 THE ARMIES OF BELISARIUS AND NARSES by Michael O’Rourke mjor (at) velocitynet (dot) com (dot) au Canberra Australia September 2009 1. Introduction: “Rhomanya” 2. Troop Numbers 3. Troop Types 4. Tactics 5. Selected Battles 6. Appendix: Arrows, Armour and Flesh “Rhomanya”: The Christian Roman Empire of the Greeks Having been conquered by the Romans, the Aramaic- and Greek-speaking Eastern Mediterranean lived for centuries under imperial rule. Its people had received full citizenship already in 212 AD. So the East Romans naturally called themselves Rhomaioi, the Greek for ‘Romans’. The term Rhomanya [Greek hê Rhômanía:‘Ρ ω µ α ν ’ι α ] was in use already in the 300s (Brown 1971: 41). Middle period examples denoting the ‘Eastern’ Empire are found in the 600s - as in the Doctrina Jacobi - and in the 800s in various entries in the chronicle of Theophanes (fl. 810: e.g. his entry for AD 678). Although we do not find the name Rhômanía in Procopius, fl. AD 550, or in Anna Comnena, fl. 1133, it does occur in the writings of emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, fl. 955. The later medieval West, after AD 800, preferred the style ‘Greek Empire’. After 1204 the Latins used the term Romania to refer generally to the Empire and more specifically to the lower Balkans (thus English ‘Rumney wine’, Italian vino di Romania). Our own name Rumania/Romania, for the state on the northern side of the Danube, was chosen in 1859. -
Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium
HERACLIUS EMPEROR OF BYZANTIUM WALTER E. KAEGI PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB21RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Walter E. Kaegi 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions ofrelevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction ofany part may take place without the written permission ofCambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Adobe Garamond 11/12.5 pt. System LATEX 2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Kaegi, Walter Emil. Heraclius: emperor ofByzantium / Walter E. Kaegi. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0 521 81459 6 1. Heraclius, Emperor ofthe East, ca. 575–641. 2. Byzantine Empire–History–Heraclius, 610–641. 3. Emperors–Byzantine Empire–Biography. I. Title. DF574 .K34 2002 949.5 013 092 –dc21 [B] 2002023370 isbn 0 521 81459 6 hardback Contents List of maps page vi List of figures vii Acknowledgments viii List of abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 Armenia and Africa: the formative years 19 2 Internal and external challenges -
RELIGIOUS Architecture
RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS Religious Architecture: Anthropological Perspectives develops new anthropological perspectives on religious architecture, including mosques, churches, temples and synagogues. Borrowing from a range of theoretical perspectives on space-making and material religion, this volume looks at how religious buildings take their RELIGIOUS place in opposition to the secular surroundings and the neoliberal city; how they, as evocations of the sublime, help believers to move beyond the boundaries of modern subjectivity; and how international heritage status may conflict with their function as community centres. The volume includes contributions from a range of anthropologists, ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE social historians, and architects working in Brazil, India, Italy, Mali, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, and the UK. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Oskar Verkaaik is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the Edited by Oskar Verkaaik University of Amsterdam. “Compelling and thought provoking collection of essays by anthropologists on religious architecture that shed new theoretical light on the relation between the material and immaterial in the realm of religion in our so-called secular world.” Jojada Verrips, em. professor of Cultural anthropology, University of Amsterdam Verkaaik (ed.) Verkaaik ISBN 978 90 8964 511 1 AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PREss • www.AUP.NL AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS religious architecture Religious Architecture.indd 1 26-08-13 20:32:52 Religious Architecture.indd 2 26-08-13 20:32:52 Religious Architecture Anthropological Perspectives Edited by Oskar Verkaaik Religious Architecture.indd 3 26-08-13 20:32:52 Cover illustration: View across the Mosque’s roofscape of skylights or vents and towering pinnacles (Trevor Marchand) Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer, Amsterdam Lay-out: V3-Services, Baarn Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the us and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. -
Defending Sufism, Defining Islam: Asserting Islamic Identity in India
DEFENDING SUFISM, DEFINING ISLAM: ASSERTING ISLAMIC IDENTITY IN INDIA Rachana Rao Umashankar A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Dr. James L. Peacock Dr. Carl W. Ernst Dr. Margaret J. Wiener Dr. Lauren G. Leve Dr. Lorraine V. Aragon Dr. Katherine Pratt Ewing © 2012 Rachana Rao Umashankar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT RACHANA RAO UMASHANKAR: Defending Sufism, Defining Islam: Asserting Islamic identity in India (Under the direction of Dr. James L. Peacock and Dr. Lauren G. Leve) Based on thirteen months of intensive fieldwork at two primary sites in India, this dissertation describes how adherents of shrine-based Sufism assert their identity as Indian Muslims in the contexts of public debates over religion and belonging in India, and of reformist critiques of their Islamic beliefs and practices. Faced with opposition to their mode of Islam from reformist Muslim groups, and the challenges to their sense of national identity as members of a religious minority in India, I argue that adherents of shrine-based Sufism claim the sacred space of the Sufi shrine as a venue where both the core values of Islam and of India are given form and reproduced. For these adherents, contemporary shrine-based Sufism is a dynamic and creative force that manifests essential aspects of Islam that are also fundamental Indian values, and which are critical to the health of the nation today. The dissertation reveals that contested identities and internal religious debates can only be understood and interpreted within the broader framework of national and global debates over Islam and over the place of Islam in the Indian polity that shape them. -
Puech 2015-II-2.Pdf
pour citer cet article : Puech, Vincent, «Les officiers de l’armée d’Afrique sous Justinien », RM2E - Revue de la Méditerranée, édition électronique, Tome II. 2, 2015, p. 57-.82. éditeur : Institut méditerranéen url : http://www.revuedelamediterranee.org/index_htm_files/ Puech_2015-II-2.pdf Pour contacter la revue secrétariat de rédaction : [email protected] ISSN : 2274-9608 publié en juillet 2015 © Institut méditerranéen LES OFFICIERS DE L’ARMÉE D’AFRIQUE SOUS JUSTINIEN Vincent Puech Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines e tous les royaumes installés dans les constructeurs des forteresses et le livre d’Y. «Dles ruines de l’Empire d’Occident, Modéran5 sur les relations entre les Romains et celui des Vandales apparaissait comme le plus les Maures. L’historiographie récente est ainsi puissant, le plus dangereux et aussi le plus riche assez peu revenue sur les structures de l’armée mais ses divisions internes récentes le rendaient de Justinien et en particulier sur la composition vulnérable et les catholiques persécutés par le du corps des officiers, même si l’ouvrage de roi appelaient de leurs vœux une intervention J. ConantMéditerranée6 sur l’Afrique vandale et byzantine impériale. Ce furent ces faits qui déterminèrent offre quelques aperçus à ce sujet. Je voudrais Justinien à le retenir comme premier objectif m’intéresser ici à la sociologie des officiers de de sa politique d’expansion »1. Ces réflexions Justinienla afin de tenter de mettre en lumière de G. Tate mettent bien en valeur l’enjeu de la les forces et les faiblesses du commandement reconquête de l’Afrique pour le grand empereur romain (ou byzantin) en Afrique.