INTRODUCTION
The knowledge of Ayurveda was handed down from Brahma to Daksha prajapati, onto the Ashwin twins (the devine doctors), then passed to Indra, sage Bharavaja volunteered to go to heaven to receive this wisdom from Indra and so became the first human to receive the knowledge of Ayurveda. He passed to Atreya, then onto Punarvashu and finally Agnivesha.
The practice of Ayurveda & Traditional medicine is based on the theory, belief and experiences indigenous to different culture. As the global interest in natural heading grows more and more people are turning to Ayurveda & Traditional herbal remedies for relief pain and diseases. As this "germ wave" again dispels all over the world, investigational of its legitimacy have increased. There is increasing awareness of the value of traditional medicine and bio-diversity resources as economic and tradable commodities.
Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine of this sub- continent dating back to the vedic age (1500-800 B.C.) has been an integral part of our culture. The term comes from the Sanskrit root, Ayu (= life) Veda (= knowledge). Ayurveda deals with life in its totality. It concerns not only the body but the mind and soul. The body, mind and soul are the 3 limbs upon which the three- dimensional therapy of Ayurveda - the physical, mental and spiritual-stands. Ayurveda has a holistic view of life and health care properties perfect health can only be achieved when the body, mind and soul are in harmony with each other and the cosmic surroundings.
Ayurveda has eight angas and twelve vibhagas. Among 12 bhivagas, dravyaguna vigyan is one of the most important vibhagas. The development of Dravyaguna vigyan is carried out from vedic period to samhita period (vrinatri), Nighantu-period & modern age. In vedic period, there is found the name of medicinal plants, also the properties and actions of the medicinal plants.
There are description of 67 medicinal plant in Rigveda, 81 in Ajurveda and 289 medicinal plants in Atharveda. In upnisnads and purans. Somewhere brief & somewhere detailed description is found.
In ancient time, dravyaguna vigyan was separately described in Nighantu. In those Nighantu, dravyas were introduced by their synonyms such Nighantus are Aastang Nighantu, Paryay Ratmala, Hridya-dipak. After that Nighantus like Bhavprakash Nighantu, Aastang Nighantu, Madanpal Nighantu, Dhanvantri Nighantu etc. in which Gunas (properties) and Karma (actions) was began to describe. Nighantu of middle aged are Indra-Nighantu, Dravyaguna Sangrah etc. Raj-Nighantu, Chandra-Nighantu, Shivkoshi Saligram Nighantu are Nighantus of modern age.
The Himalayan kingdom Nepal is endowed with rich flora due to the presence of wide range of geographical and climatic conditions. The floral diversity comprises about 6000 species of flowering plants, 380 species of pteridophytes, 1037 species of Bryophytes, 465 species of lichens, 687 species of Algae and over 1600 species of fungi (JADAN 2059). Among them a large number of species have medicinal and aromatic properties and are under use since time immemorial under different traditional systems including Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Tibetian. Besides these, a large number of species are in use in remote area of folklore medicines. The country in rich not only in medicinal and aromatic plant resources but also consists a wide range of traditional medical knowledge due to its cultural and ethnic diversity. The traditional system of medicine together with folklore medicines still continue to serve large populations of the developing countries, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. According to an estimate approximately 85% people particularly living in the rural areas, depend directly or indirectly on the traditional medicine based an herbal drugs.
Herbs play a significant role, especially in modern times, when the damaging effects of food processing and over- medication have assumed alarming properties. They are now increasingly used in cosmetics, foods and real, as well of alternative medicine. The growing interest in herb is a part of the movement towards changes life life-styles. This movement is based on the belief that the plants have a vast potential per their life a curative medicine. In allopathy medicine system also, medicinal plant source-drug is used. The first antibiotic penicillin was discovered by Alexander flemming from fungal plant penicillum notatum.
The description of Jatamansi is found from old treatise of Ayurveda to modern books of medicinal plants. The drug is one of first 12 drugs mentioned in the earlist european medical work, pharmacopoeia of Hippocrates and has been use for over 3000 years. Traditionally the drug has been used as a herbal CNS drug in epilepsy, hysteria and -convulsions. In this literacy survey report, I have tried to lighten the medicinal importance of Jalamansi by the help of many old and modern books.
The description of Ikshwaku is found from old treatise of Ayurveda to modern books of medicinal plants. Traditionally the drug has been used as a herbal emetic and in different diseases like liver disorders, poisoning etc. In this literary survey report, I have tried to lighter the medicinal importance of Ikshwaku by the help of many old and modern books.
CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE
Engler & Prantle Bentham & Hooker Hutchinson
Dicotyledoneae Dicotyledons Dicotyledons
Sympetalae Polypetalae Lignosae
Cucurbitales Calyciflorae Cucurbitales
Cucurbitaceae Passiflarales L- ucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae
INFORMATION OF FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE
Salient features:-
The family includes about 100 genera & 800 Species. Plants are generally prostrate or scandent herbs climbing with the help of tendrils, angular branched, hairy and fistular when old. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, simple, palmate, with multicostate reticulate venation. Flowers generally solitary, axillary or sometimes arranged in cymose or racemose inflorescence. Flowers are generally unisexual (plants may be monoecious or dioecious). Flowers pedicellate, bracteate, unisexual, actinomorphic and incomplete. Female flowers epigynous, sepals 5, poly or gam .sepalous. Petals 5, polypetalous or gamopetalous, aestivation imbricate. In male flowers stamens are generally 5, sometimes reduced, polyandrous or united to form a column. In the female flowers, carpels are 3, syncarpous, ovary inferior with parietal placentation. Fruit is a berry.
Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known as gourds or cucurbits and includes the cucumber, squash, luffa, and melons. It is one of the most important families of food plants in the world, although not nearly as important as the grass family, Poaceae, legume family, Fabaceae, or Nightshade family, Solanaceae.
Most of the plants in this family are annual vines with fairly large, showy blossoms. The plants produce male and female flowers separately on the same plant, and the female flowers have inferior ovaries. The fruit is a kind of berry called a pepo.
Most of the plants in this family are readily susceptible to a moth larva, the squash borer.
DETAILED FEATURES:
Vegetative characters
HABIT:
Annual or perennial herbs moving with the help of tendrils because plants are trailing or climbing. However, there are few plants, which may be shrubs (Acanthsicyas) or tree (Dendrosicyos).
ROOT: Tap root system.
STEM:
Herbaceous, climbing or trailing, angular, branched and generally fistular when old.
LEAVES:
Alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, simple, lobed, hairy, multicostate, reticulat venation. The morphlogy of tendril in this family is very controversial According to Braun
(1876), it is a modified bracteole while ENGLR Holds that it is a modified stipule. Hagerup thinks that the tendrils lower is the leaf. Some workers feel that it is a modified peduncle while Bfcers are of the opinion that it is an extra axillary shoot or it might have developed by the splitting of the petiole. Mullar supports the view that the tendril is of dual nature as stated above.
Floral characters
INFLORESCENCE:
Generally the flowers are solitary, axillary, panicles in actinostemma with unisexual flowers, generally male may form a group but female flowers are usually solitary. Plants may be monoecious or dioecious.
MALE FLOWER:
Pedicellate, bracteate, unisexual, actinomorphic, incomplete. Calyx: Cepals 5, gamosepalous, hairy, companulate.
Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous or united below or completely united.
Androecium: Stamens 2-5 in different plants. Free or united in pairs or united.
Gynoecium: Absent or sometimes rudiments of fen ale may be present.
FEMALE FLOWER:
Pedicellate, bracteate, unisexual, actinomorphic, epigynous and incomplete.
Calyx : - Sepals 5, gamosepalous, calyx tube adnate to the ovary wall. Corolla: - Petals 5, polypetalous or fused at the base.
Androecium : - stamens absent or rudiments of stamens present. Gynoecium: - tricarpellary, syncarpous, overy inferior, parietal placentation but sometimes falsely triocular, sometimes placentation appears axile but it is not so.
Stigmas : - Three or each bifurcated.
FRUIT :-
Berry, usually of a very big size called pepo as in lagenaria, fruit is indehiscent, but becomes dehiscent and ruptures with a great force, throwing its seeds to long distances in Ecballium elaterium which is called 'squirting cucumba'.
POLLINATION: -
The large prominent brightly coloured petals and nectars on the flowers are the attraction for the insects. The twisted or coiled anthers shed their pollen grains in between apertures and the insects in reach of nectar visit the male flower, get dusted with the pollen grain on its entire body. The same insect when visiting a female flower brings about pollination.
Economic Importance
From the economic point of view, the importance of this family is very great because it includes most of the vegetables and some fruits. They may be described as below:
1) Trichosanthes: - These are the scandent herbs with usually dioecious flowers of special mentioned T. anguina, the snake gourd (chichindo) and T. dioica (perbal). Both of them particularly the latter form, very nourishing and delicious vegetables and sweets.
2) Lagenaria aegyptiaca, the bottle gourd (lauka) is largely cultivated for the large berries which are taken as vegetables.
3) Luffa aegyptiaca which is commonly used as vegetable. 4) Benincasa hispida , the white gourd- melon (kubhindo) is largely cultivated for its large size fruit which makes good vegetable and well known sweets (murrabba etc.).
5) Momardica charantia (karela), is not only a good vegetable but also medicinally important.
6) Cucumis :- It includes important fruits and vegetables e.g. C. melo, C. melo utilissimus, C. sativus.
7) Citrullus :- It contains delicious fruits (i) ..nd (ii) e.g. Citrullus vulgaris,
(i) Good vegetable e.g. c. Vulgaris fistulosus.
(ii) Medicinal sources e.g. C. colocynthis
7) Coccinia indica is a perennial with tuberous roots
INTRODUCTION ABOUT GENUS LAGEANRIA
Large climbers , pubescent , tendrils two –fid, leaves ovate or orbicular , cordate , dentate.:petiole longg , with two glands at its apex .flowers large white , solitary ,monoecious or dioecious.The males are long , females are short peduncled.
Male
Calyx-tube funnel shaped subcampanulate teeth 5 narrow , petals 5 ; free ,obovate ,stames 3 anther cannate , included 1-2 walled ,cells conduplicate ; rudiment of ovary
Female:
Calyx and corolla as in male ; ovary oblong ; style short with 3 bifid stigmatic lobes ; ovules mag , horizontally plantas 3 ,vertical ;
Fruit :
Large ;ultimately thick membraneous or almost woody ; indesiant , polymorphs , usually broad upward.
Seeds
Many ,horizontal compressed with a marginal groove , smooth
SYSTEMIC POSITION:
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Cucurbitales Family: Cucurbitaceae Genus: Lagenaria Species: L. siceraria
VERNACULARS:
Bangal : Titalau Gujarati : Kakaravel
Hindi : Tita lauki, Kadwi lauki
Marathi : Kadu bhopala,
Nepali : Tite lauka , Ban lauka
Sanskrit : Ikshwaku , Katutumbi, Tiktalabu , Pindaphala
Telugu : Sorakaya
Arabic : Karulmurra
Pharasi : Kadue talkha
Tamil : Soriaikai
English : Bitter gouard
Distribution
Found all over India and in Nepal WCE,Tropical and temperate regions
Species:
According to ayurveda classification there are two species:
Bitter friut variety and sweet fruit variety
Modern taxonomy has many species. Some of them are:
Lagenaria abyssinica Lagenaria breviflora Lagenaria guineensis Lagenaria rufa Lagenaria siceraria Lagenaria sphaerica Lagenaria vulgaris
Plant Description of Lagenaria siceraria
Leaves often 6 inch diameter , soft pubescent on both surfaces , more or less 5 angled or 5 lobed .
Male peduncle often 6 inch , female 1 inch calyx tube 1/2 inch pubescent .
Petals 1-2 inch , fruit often 1.5 ft. in India. Usually bottle or dumb bell shaped .
Seeds are 3/4 and 1/8 in thick with an impressed groove parallel to and near the margin. lk|oj|t zdf{g';f/ OIjfu'sf] j0f{g: u0fMjdg ,kmlngL-r=_ pmWj{efux/-;'=_ u'0fMn3',?If /;M ltQm ljkfsMs6' jLo{MzLt bf]ifsd{MskmlkQ ;+zf]ws hfltM of] u|fDo / jGo b'O{ k|of]usf] x'G5 .u|fDosf] kmn dw'/ zfsf]kof]uL tyf jGohfltsf] kmnltQm ,cf}ifwLkof]uL x'G5 .
/;folgs ;+u7gM o;sf] kmndf cfb|tf (^=#, k|f]l6g )=@ ,j;f )=! ,sfaf]{xfO8«]6 @=( ,vlgh kbfy{ )=% ,s}nlzod )=)@ tyf km:km/; )=)! k|ltzt x'G5 .vlghdf nf}x / cfof]l8g x'G5 .lj6fldgdf aL / ;L kof{Ktdfqfdf x'G5 .jLhaf6 kx]nf] /Ësf] t]n lg:sG5 . ;f+:yflgs sd{ tyf k|of]u bf]ifk|of]uM of] ljz]iftM skmk}lQs /f]ux?df ;+zf]wgfy{ pkof]u x'G5 . afXo k|of]uM sfdnf tyf lz/f]/f]udf o;sf] :j/;sf] g:o lnOG5 .bGts[dL cflb /f]udf o;sf] /;sf] u08'if ul/G5 .o;sf] t]n zf]y , u|lGy ,u08dfnf j|0f Pj+ s'i7df nufOG5 . kfrg;+:ygdf k|of]uM jdg /]rg sd{sf] nflu o;sf] kmn , d"n / kqsf] k|of] ul/G5 . sf; , Zjf; ,ljif , 5lb{,Hj/ d"R5f{ tyf cGo skmk}lQs/f]udf ;+zf]wgfy{ o;sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . /Qmjx;+:yfgdf k|of]uM /Qljsf/ tyf zf]ydf of] pkof]uL x'G5 .zf]y/f]udf d"n pkof]uL x'G5 . Zj;g;+:yfgdf k|of]uM sf; , Zjf;df of] pkof]uL x'G5 .o;sf] k|of]un] skm ;lhn} lg:sG5 / /f]uLnfO{ cf/fd ldN5 . Tjrfdf k|of]uM of] s'i7df nfebfos x'G5 . tfks|dM of] ljz]iftM skmk}lQs Hj/df k|o'Q x'G5 . ;fTdLs/0f k|of]uMljifdf of] ;+zf]wgfy{tyf ljifgfzsf] nflu lbOG5 . k|of]Ho c+uM kmn , kq, d"n dfqfM
:j/; !)—@)ld=ln
Other uses :
Fruit is biter hot acrid coolong cardiotonic and emetic . it cures oedema , pain , ulcers , cough athma and other bronchial disorders.Pulp is emetic and purgative.Applied to the soles in burning feet.Decoction of leaves mixed with sugar given in jaundice seeds are nutritive and diuretic, are used in dropsy and as antihelminthic, roots also used in the treatment of dropsy.the seed oil is cooling and is applied in the headache.
Literary survey of Lagenaria siceraria r/s;+lxtfdf OIjfs'sf] j0f{g dbg+ dw's+ lgDj+ hLd"t+ s[tj]bg+ . lkKknLs'6h]Ijfs'0o]nf+ wfdfu+jfl0f r .. r=;'= @÷& jrf]{e]lbGonfa"lg ?IfzLtu'?l0f r . r=;'=@&÷!!@ Zofdfkmnf nfj'slkTknLgf+======l:gUb]u'b] tfGog'nf]doflGt g/;:oM jrf]clgn d'q;+ud\ .. r=lr @^÷!% Zofdflb k|wdg r"0f{M sfnf] lgzf]y , dbgkmn , lttf]nf}sfsf] aLh , lkKknL oL ;a}nfO{
;dfgefulnO{ sk85fg r"0f{agfO{ oGqdf /fvL u'bfsf] leq k|wdg ug]{ . /Iff]xgflb k|wdg r"0f{M kx]nf] ;:{o" ,tLtf]nf}sfsf] jLh ,dbgkmn ,kLk/ ,hLd'ts ,;}Gwj nj0f oL ;a}nfO{ ;dfgefulnO{ sk85fg r"0f{agfO{ oGqdf /fvL u'bfsf] leq k|wdg ug]{ .
;'>'t;+lxtfdf OIjfs'sf] j0f{g t'DaL======:g]xfl:tQsiffof cwf]efubfifx/fM. s[ldskms'i7flgnx/f b'i6j|0fzf]wgfZr .. ;'=;"=$% tq k'iksnf snfj"sflnGb ======pTst{g kl/s[ltgflg rf]kflbz]t\======. ;'=;"=(÷$ sdf{Eof; ljlwsf] ;+lIfKt j0f{gM k'ikkmn ,cnfj" ,sflnbGt ,t/j"h ,sfs|f] cflb kmnsf] 5]bgflb e]bsf] sdf{Eof; u/fpg' kb{5 . zfsfGot pWj{+ jXofdM. tq k'ikkmnfnfj' sflnsGbs k|s[ltgL .. ;'=;" $^÷@!! Zfsju{df k'ikkmn ,cnfj" ,nf}sf ,sflnbGt , snL+bf cflb zfs 5g\. ltQfnfj' /x[Bf t' jfldgL jftlkQlht\ .;'=;" $^–@!% dL7f]nf}sf dn k|jt{s ,b|jsf/s ,?If ,u'? , cltzLtn x'G5 .lttf]nf}sf x{bosf] nflu clk|o , jfds , jfQlkQzfds x'G5 . zf]kmlrlsT;fdf– tyfcnfj' ljlets kmnsNs+ jf t08'nfDj]fg .======;'=lr @#÷!% lttf] nf}sf , j/f]{sf] kmnsf] sNs rfdnkfjL;+u vfg lbg] . tqfz' dbgfnfj'laDjL sf]zftsL kmnM . 5b{g+ ======t08'nfDa'gf .. ;'=s= !÷$! cfdfzodf k'u]sf] ljifn] d"R5f{ , jdg ,clt;f/ ,cfWdfg, hng , sDkg / OlGb|oljsf/ ub{5. o;df t'?Gt dbgkmn , ltt]nf}sf ,lttf]t/f]O{ oL kmn] jdg u/fpg' k5{ .bxL ,ts| jf rfdnsf] kfgLn] jdg u/fpg] . s6'sfnfj' s[tj]wg======d'vw'ko]t\ .======;'=zf!)÷@!–#) ck/f ktg gx'bf k]6 k'mNb5 ctM k|z'tfsf] 3fF6Ldf c+u'nLsf] skfnåf/f nk]6]/ 3'dfpg] tyf ltt]nf}sf ,cdfntf; ,tf]/L , ;k{sf] sfFr'nL s8'jf t]ndf ldnfP/ of]gLdf w'kg ug]{ . OIjfs'd'n+ dbg+ ======lkj]t'Noflg k"j{jt .. d'q]0f b]jbfb{lUg lqkmnfj[xlt lkj]t\ .. ;'=p= %%÷%@ ltt]nf}sfsf] d"n , d}gkmn ,sfnLxf/L ,cltz ,jrf cflb oL ;a} k/:k/ ;dfg efu lnP/ r"0f{ agfP/ u/d kfgL;+u lkpg] . b]jbf? , lrqs , lqkmnf ,j8L s6]/L oL ;a}sf] r"0f{ uf]d"q;+u lkpg] . dbgfnfj' jLhfgL======ljzTo] tByf u'bd\ .. ;'=p= %%÷%# d}gkmnsf] aLh , t'DjLsf] jLh , lkKknL , s6]/L oLgsf] r"0f{ u'bfdf gf8LoGqåf/f km'Sg] h;n] ubf{ u'bfdf k'uf];\ . r"0f{ lgs'De slDkNne"ofd] bfSslUgsf]b\ej======of]ufjd[t;dtf].. ;'=p=%%÷%$ bGtL ,sdnL, lgzf]y ,s6't'DaL ,lrqs , s8jLt'DjL,lkKknL , ;}Gwj oL ;a}sf] r"0f{ agfP/ uf]d'qdf ksfpg] . ha jtL{ agfpg of]Uo x'G5 ta ptf/]/ jtL{ agfpg] .oL b'j} of]u t'?Gt} /fuLnfO{ zfGtL lbG5g\ / cd[t;dfg x'G5g\ . ci6+fËx[bo cg';f/ :ofb åfbzf+u'nf] cnfj'gf{ x] ======Zn]id/Qmx[t .. c=x[=;" @%÷#,@& cnfj' oGq– cnfj' nDjfO{df !@ c+u'n / df]6fO{ uf]nfO{df !* c+u'n , d'vsf] uf]nfO{ $ c+u'n x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] leq lkr', ef]hkq cflb hnfP/ u/d u/]/ nufpg' kb{5 .o;n] skmb'lift /Qm lgsfNg d2t ub{5 . o'~hfGofGgfnfj'36Lsf======skmjfo'gf .. c=x[=;"=@^÷$(,%,$,%% lkQaf6 b'lift /Qmdf cnfj' of 36LoGq k|of]u ug'{ x'b}g lsgls o;df clUgsf] ;DaGw x'G5 .To;}n] skm / jfo'åf/f b'lift /Qmdf t'lDj of 36LoGq k|of]u ul/G5 . Tjs:y] cnfj'36L>[+u======s|dft .. c=x[=;"=@^÷%$ Tjrfdf l:yt b'lift /Qmdf t'DjL of l;+Ë k|of]ug'{ kb{5 . ;a} z/L/df km}lnPsf] b'lift /Qmdf l;/fe]b ug'{k5{ . d'v/f]u k|ltif]wdf n]kf]chuGwfltjiff ljzNofM======u~hfnfj' z'sfåfZr knfzIff/ slNstfM .. c=x[=p=@@÷&) chuGwf , cltif ,nf+unL ,ltt]nf}sf cflb oL ;a}nfO{ knfzIff/ pbsdf lk;]/ n]u ug]{ . /flhdfg ;k{ljif lrlsT;f cfBcjufx+======tLI0ftddjkL8d\ r of]ho]t\ .. c=x[=p #^÷*) /flhdfg ;k{n] 6f]Sbf k|yd j]udf ulx/f] sf6]/ t'DjLaf6 /Qm lgsfn]/ clttLI0f cub lkpg lbg] . ljR5L b+z lrlsT;f s/~hfh'{g======jftf{s/;lki6+ k|n]kg+ . c=x[=p=#&÷#* ljR5L b+zdf s/~h , ch'{g ,z]n' ,s6jL , s'thd'n , lzl/ifsf] km'n oL d:t'df lk;]/ b+z:yfgdf n]k ug]{ .h'g/f]uLnfO{ d'R5f{ ,Zjf;sf] clwstf ,k|nfk of tLj|j]bgf x'G5 To;df x/0f ,j];f/ , lkKknL , dl~hi7f , cltz, sfnf] v';f{gL t'DjLsf] /;df lk;]/ n]k ug]{ .
Description of Ikshwaku in Nighantus dbgkfnlg306''df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g s6't'DjL ldi6kmnL /fhk'qL r b'lUwgL. s6't'DjL lxdf x[Bf lkQsfzljzfkxf .. s6't'DjL,ldi6kmnL , /fhk'qL , b'lUwgL oL ;a}tLt]nf}sfsf gfd x'g\ .of] lztn x'G5 ,lbnnfO{ tfut lbG5 / lkQ , vf;L,ljif oL gfz ub{5 .
/fhlg306'df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g s6't'DaL s6':tLI0ff jflGts[5\jf;jftlht\ . sf;£gLzf]wgL zf]kmj|0fz"nljiffkxf..
efjk|sfzlg306'df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g
OIjfs'M s6't'DjL :o:T;f t'DjL r dxfkmnf .. s6't'DjL lxdf X[Bf lkQsfz lj;fkxf . ltQf s6'lj{kfs] r jftlkQ Hj/fGts[t ..%(.. ;+:s[ gfdMOIjfs' ,s6't'DjL, tLtf]nf}sf–ltQ/; o'Qm , ljkfsdf s6' , zLtn , x{bonfO{ lxts/ Pj+ lkQ , vf]sL , ljif , jft tyf lkQ Hj/ gi6 ub{5. o;sf] ntf , kq , k'ikflb ;a} cnfa";dfg x'G5 . kmn cToGt} lttf] x'G5 . u'0f÷k|of]uM of] u'bL cToGt} tLtf] , jfds / e]bdf OGb|o0fsf] h:t} k|efj x'G5÷k|of]uaf6 x}hfsf] h:t} l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 . k|rLg u|Gydf jdg u/fpg o;sf] k|of]u ul/GYof] .cNk k|of]uaf6 skm lg:sG5 tyf zf}r ;kmf x'G5 , sfdnf tyf sf; Zjf;df o;nfO{ lbOG5 . kftaf6 l;¢t]n u+8dfnf uf7f–u'7L cflbdf nufOG5 . clegjlg306'df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g OIjfs'M s6't'DjL:oft ;ft'+jLrsfxfkmnf . lxdf x[Bf lkQsfzljzfkxf .. ltQf s6'lj{kfs] r jftlkQ Hj/fGts[t ..%#.. ;+:s[t gfdMOIjfs', , dxfkmnf, s6't'DjL u'0fM zLtn , x[B , lkQ , vf;L,ljif oL gfz ub{5 .:jfbdf ltQ ,ljkfsdf r6k6L , jftlkQ Hj/ x6fp5 .
lg306' cfbz{df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g
OIjfs'M OIf'd cfs/f]lt cyjf l5Ssfof+ hftd OIf'Olt zAb+ cslt k|fTgf]lt 5]bgsfn] Olt . cs\ utf} . o;nfO{ sf6\bf jf r'8\bf of] OIf' o; k|sf/sf] zAb ub{5 . ctM OIjfs' xf] . s'6't'DjLM t'DjL t'Djlt cb{olt ?lr+ X[BTjft\M t'la cb{g oåf t'lDjlt gfzolt lkQ+ skm+ rflj Olt . of] x[bosf] nflu /fd|f] nfUg] x'bfF ?lr pTkGg u5{ .cyjf lkQ / skmnfO{ gfz ub{5 .ctM of] t'DjL xf] . s6'Zrf;f} t'DaL s6't'DjL . s6' x'gfn] o;nfO{ s6't'DjL elgG5 . cnfj'M g nDjt] Olt . nlj cj;+; g] . u;sf] kmn j]naf6 tn emg]{ / hldgdf jf 5/k6df g} l:yt x'G5 . dxfkmnfM o;sf] kmn b"tL x'G5 . eb|lGt kmnflg c:of Olt . ltStjLhM ltStflg aLhflg c:u Ilt . o;sf] aLg ltQ x'G5 . pko'Q c+uM kq kmn k'ik aLh
/;M s6' ,ltQ , jLo{M zLt ljkfsM s6' bf]ifsd{M skmlkQ zfds u'0fM sf;Zjf;R5lb{ ljiflt{ skmslif{t . OIjfs'M jd;] z:tf======.. w=lg s6't'DjL s6':tLI0ff jflGts[R5\jf;sf;lht\ . sf;£gLzf]wgL zf]kmj|0fa"nljiff kxf .. /f=lg= s6't'DjL l5gf x[BflkQsf; ljifkxf . ltQ s6'ljkfs] r kftlkQHj/fGts[t ..ef=k| pkof]uM jfUe§ cZdof{d–\ g[Tos'08njLhfgf+ r"0f{ dflIfs ;+o'St+ . cljIfL/]0f ;Ktfx+ kLtZd/L kftgd\ r . t'GjLjLhfgf+ r"0f{ dflIfsflGj td ljIfL/]0f ;Ktfå+ kLtfZd/L kftgd\ . cfdlos k|of]uM cZd/Ldf: s6't'DjL jLg r"0f{nfO{ dxdf ld;fP/ e]8:sf] b'w;+u & lbg v'jfpg] . lr=c=!! rs|bQfg';f/ pkof]ux?
!=cZdof{d–ltQfnfa'/;M Iff/M l;tfo'Qf] cZd/Lx/M s6't'DjL /;df ojIff/ / ld>L ldnfP/ lknfpg] . @=unu08df ltQfnfj'yn] kSj] ;Ktfxd'l;t+ ht+ . dB+ jf unu08£g+ kfgft\ kYofg';]ljgxM . s6't'DjLsf] kfs]sf] kmnsf] sjr dfq Ps/ft JotOt xf];\, olt ;do;Dd hn e/]/ /fVg'k5{ . k|ftM sfndf ;f] jf;LkfgL lknfpg'k5{ . kYosf] kfngf u/fpg] / ;ftlbg ko{Gt o;k|sf/sf] hn ;]jg ugf{n] unu08 gi6 x'G5 . #=cz{df t'DjLjLh+ ;}EbLbGt' sfl~hlki6+u'8Lqfo+ . czf]{x/+ u'b:y+ :ofb blw dflxifdZgt .. s6't'DjLjLg / ;}Gwjnj0f b'j}nfO{ sf+hLdf lk;]/ # uf]nLagfpg] u'bfdf oL uf]nL s|d};+u Ps–Ps u/L /fVg] / e};Lsf] bxL jf ts| ;]jg u/fpg nufpg] . cz{df of] lxts/ x'G5 .
efjk|sfzn] j0f{g u/]sf] pkof]ux?
!=k|b/df cfnfj"kmn r"0f{:o zs{/f;lxt:o r . dw'gfdf]bs+ s[Tjf vfb]t k|bzfGto] .. s6't'DjLsf] ;"Id r"0f{ ,l;tf / dw'df ld;fP/ lgld{t df]bssf] ;]jg u/fpg] .o;n] k|b/df pQd nfe ub{5 .
@=of]lg/f]udf t'DjLkq+ tyf nf]w|+ ;defu+ ;'k];o]t . t]g n]kf] eu] sfo{M zL3|Zoft of]lg/Qmtf .. s6't'DjLkq / nf]w|sf] ;dfgefu ;"Id r"0f{ dw'df ld;fP/ of]gLdf n]k ug]{ .
#=s[ldbGtdf bzgfls|ldif'======s6't'DjLd'n+ . ;dr'0o{ bzgljlw|t bzgls|ldgfzg+ .. s6't'DjLd"n rkfpg] / s]xL ;dodf d'vdf /fVg] . o;n] bftsf] ;du| s{ld db{5 .
xfl/tn] j0f{g u/]sf] pkof]ux?
!=zf]ydf nf]dzfs6'tDjL r sf~hLs]g hn]gjf . lgZSjfYo rfkL ;d:j]bz to}jf]:0f]g t\g r .. s6't'DjL / h6fdf+;Lsf] sf+hLdf pdfn]/ To;sf] jfkmn] zf]yo'Q efudf :j]bg ug]{ / sNs afWg] . zf]9nn] j0f{g u/]sf] pkof]ux? !=km'+l;of x'bf ;'/bfln s7't'Djof] :ot:ofM k|o}lzt+ d"n+ . jLh+ jf rs|o't sL6slkl6sf]k;u{x/d\ .. s6't'DjLs"n cyjf jLhnfO{sf sf+hLsf] ;fydf lkw]/ n]k ug]{ @= kfp km'6]sf]df lqlbg+ s6't'DjL:y+ kfbn]k+ k|sNko]t . cg]g:km'l6tf] kfbf] ej]hLxf]kdf] g[0ffd\ .. s6't'DjLjLgnfO{hndf lk;]/ ko"tfndf /fVg] . o;/L #lbg;Dd ugf{n] 7Lsx'G5 / kfbtfn lhJxf;dfg sf]dn x'G5 . #=gf;fz{df ;+k]liftMko'{lztf]bs]g k6fGtlgZrf]tg lgd{nZr . ======gfzf/f]uflwsf/] .. s6't'DjLsf] sGbnfO{jf;Lhndf lk;]/ To;sf] yf]kf gf;fdf eg]{ . o;af6 gfssf] d:;] gi6 x'G5 .
/fhdft{08n] j0f{gu/]sf] pkof]ux? s6\ jnfJjfM ;dfbfo d"n+un] of]lht+ bGt/f]ufkx+ :oflR5;f]M .. aRrfsf] bGt/f]udf jf bfFt cfpbf s6't'DjLd"nnfO{ aRrfsf] unfdf afWg] .o;n] bft cfpg] ;do h'g j]bgf x'G5 Tof] gi6 x'G5 . j}Bdgf]/dfn] j0f{g u/]sf] pkof]ux? !=of]lgbf]ifdf s6'sfnfj' ;d'l;¢+ t}ndEo+ hgb\ej]t . of]lgbf]ifx/+ gfof{M ue{d'Tkf boblk .. s6't'DjL:j/; / sNsn] l;¢ u/]sf] t]nsf] cEoË Pj+ of]gLwf/0f ugf{n] of]gL/f]u gi6 x'G5 . o;sf] kfg klg u/fpg ;lsG5 . kfg u/fpgfn] ue{wf/0f x'G5 . jStJoM
/fhlg306'df t'DjLsf] cg]s e]b atfOPsf] 5—s'Det'DjL , IfL/t'DjL ,e't'DjL OToflb . dw'/t'DjLsf] b'O{ e]b — !=uf]/If t'DjL @= IfL/ t'DjL efjk|sfzn] s]jn dw'/ / s6' u/L b'O{ e]b u/]sf 5g\ . efjld>n] dw'/t'DjLsf] lgDg u'0f atfPsf 5g\ . ldi6–t'DjLkmnd\ X[Bd lkQZn]idfkxd u'?. j[io+ ?lrs/d\ k|f]St+ wft'k'li6ljjw{gd\ .. dw'/t'DjLsf] t/sf/L agfOG5 . r/s;+lxtfdf cnfa'sNk lbOPsf] 5 .o;n] jdg u/fP/ lkQ / skmbf]ifsf] lgx{/0f / zdg u/fOG5 . Zjf;/f]uLnfO{ of] lbgfn] ;Dos tyf skm lglSngfn] /f]u gi6 x'G5 . gJodt—s6't'DjLsf] ue{ jfds / lj/]rs x'G5 .o;sf] ljhsf] t]n d:tsz'ndf zLt pkrf/sf] ?kdf n]k ul/G5 .dw'/t'DjLsf] jLh aNo / d'qn x'G5 .
z+s/ lg306'df OIjfs'sf] j0f{g u'0fM s6' , ltI0f, sfGtLghs,Zjf; x6fpg] ,jftgfzs , sfzlgjf/s , zf]ws tyf ;'hg ,j|0f , z'n jftlkQ Hj/ / ljifgfzs x'G5 .
Description of ikshwaku in Vanaushadi nirdarshika
Parts used: fruit pulp , seed and leaves Dose : fruit and leaf juice 6gm -11.6 gm Seed powder: 1-3gm Test for purity: The bark of fruit is very hard but the fruit pulp is very smooth which is very bitter. When it is used internally there will be emesis and purgation. Seed is ovate. In the innerside of seed there is white and fatty pulp. Collection and preservation: Taking ripened pulp of katutumbhi and cut it into the pieces then dry it in shadow then keep it in closed container. Seed is also collected similarly. Period of potency: Pulp :3-4years seed : 2-3 years
Actions: Kapha pitta samsohdak and samak, blood purifier ,anti inflammatory , expectorant, against skin disease. Anti-pyretic, antidote , sirovirechan , emetic and purgative.
Miscellanious uses according to Dhanwontari Vanaushadhi Visheshanka 1. Jaundice 2. Goitre and inflammation 3. Piles 4. Wounds 5. Blood disorders 6. Gynecological problems 7. Ascites 8. Pyorrhea 9. Calculus 10. Facial paralysis 11.Ottolgia
DISCUSSION:
Lagenaria siceria is an important plant of family cucurbitaceae. It is mentioned in samhitas and other ancient literatures. Almost all of the literatures have mentioned the properties and the uses of the plant similarly.
The description of the plant is mentioned by many names. This type of writing style makes us some confusion. I have found almost all the properties and the use of the bristly lagenaria are same though they are written as many names.
One thing discussable is - its emetic and purgative that was mentioned in the ancient texts like charak samhita, sushruta samhita & other nighantus.
CONCLUSION:
Katu tumbhi is an important medicinal plant.
It has tikta rasa, laghu, rukshya guna; katu vipaka, and shita veerya. It has kapha & pittasam sodhak property. It is one of the best drugs among that which cause emesis & purgation at a time.
It has diemetic & drastic purgative property along with blood purifier etc. property.
It was used in snake and scorpian bite poisoning in ancient period.
REFERENCES
1. Charak Samhita: Volume I & VI Edited & Published by shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic society, Jamnagar, India, 1949.
2. Susruta Samhita: Volume I and III, Transleted and Edited by Kaviraj Kunjalal Bhishagratna, Chaukhamba Vishaw Bharati, Varanasi, India.
3. Astangahridaya: Editor shree Yadunandan Upadhyaya, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sirij office Varanasi - 1, India
4. Bhavprakash nighantu Editor - Dr. Gangasasahya Pandey, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, India
5. Rajnighantu Sahit Dhanwantari Nighantu: Publisher-Ananadaashram Sanskrit Granthawati, India.
6. Indian Medicinal Plant: Vol II, By H. Colonel L.R. Kirtikar, Major B.D. Basu, Intl Book Distributors
7. Dravyaguna Vigyan Vol - II: A. Priyaverta Sharma, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, India, Reprint 2005 8. Dravyaguna Vigyan: Dr. Shyammani Adhikari, Sajha Prakashan, Kathmandu, 1st Edition, 2005
9. Glossary of Vegetable Drugs of Brhattarai: Thakur Balwant Singh Chukhamba Sanskrit Series Office Varanasi - 1, 1972, India.
10. Madanpaal Nighantu: Commentetor - Ganga Vishnu Shreekrishnadas, Kalyan Bombay
11. Astangasanghra Sutrasthan: Translated by Dr. Shyammani Adhikari. Publisher: M.S.U. Dang, Nepal (2060 BS.)
12. www.google.com