Pedro Nájera Quezada & al. - About the use and abuse of (Lophophora williamsii) – Annexes & Notes Seizures recorded in newspapers or preliminary investigations

Number of Date Number of Peyote seized Preliminary Investigation Notes persons arrested 2009, May 13 2 not stipulated AP/PGR/PUE/PUEV/400/ Narco-nudists 2009 2009, Sep 6 2 6pzs = 950gr, dried Peyote AP/PGR/VER/XAL/II/062/ 133 “Asenlix” psychotropic pills 2009-UMAN 2010, Feb 3 1 520pzs = 48kg, fresh AP/PGR/SLP/MATEH09/CS/ Turist Peyote 2010 2010, Jun 26 1 60pzs = 2kg + 700gr, fresh Juvenile Peyote 2010 s.n. 0 27 kg, dried Peyote AP/PGR/VER/XAL/I/037/ 2010- Tasting dried Peyote buttons UMAN confused for fungal hallucinogens 2010, Nov 27 1 2kg + 100gr, dried Peyote AP/PGR/SON/STA-I/377/2010 Truck driver 2011, Apr 6 1 2kg + 260gr, fresh Peyote Turist 2011, Aug 1 1 875g + 500mg AP/PGR/JAL/ZAP/1763/ 2011 Drugs and weapons 2011, Aug 31 4 19kg + 400g, Peyote AP/PGR/QRO/SJR-VII/286/2011 652 “Clobenzorex” psychotropic capsules, 99 Methylphenidate psychotropic tablets, 19 kilos and 400 grams of Peyote and Weapons 2011, Oct 13 8 225 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2011, Oct 15 6? 139 pzs Raids on the 13,14 and 15 Oct 2011 2011, Nov 13 2 10 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2012, Jan 14 5 900pzs = 28kg, dried Turists Peyote 2012, Feb 6 2 168 pzas = 16 kg + 620gr AP/PGR/SLP/SLP- Weapons and stolen vehicles fresh Peyote VI/080/CS/2012 2012, Sep 24 3 21 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2013, Mar 1 1 7 pzs, fresh Peyote Dealer 2013, Mar 20 1 20 pzs, fresh Peyote Juvenile 2013, Mar 24 3 2 pzs, fresh Peyote Juveniles 2013, Mar 27 1 20 pzs Without preliminary report 2013, Mar 31 1 1 pzs, fresh Peyote Juvenile 2013, Apr 6 21 60kg, fresh Peyote No info 2013, Apr 7 7 198kg + 50g, fresh Peyote No preliminary inquiry? Marakame Don Cruz Silvestre and his companions 2013, Apr 14 2 not stipulated Turists 2013, Aug 19 3 115 pzs = 4kg + 800gr, Juveniles fresh Peyote

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Daniela Montero Anaya, Oscar R. García Rubio; 2010 ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL POR ÍNDICES DE DISTANCIA (SADIE) DE LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII EN TRES PARCELAS CON DIFERENTE GRADO DE PERTURBACIÓN EN SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.

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El-Seedi, H.R., De Smet, P.A.G.M., Beck, O., Göran, P., Bruhn, J.G., 2005. Prehistoric peyote use: Alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101, 238- 242.

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Author’s Notes: 1. - Chichimeca, a former culture native to central México, its main tribes were: Huachichiles, Pame, Guamares and Zacatecos.

2. - Cora, are an ethnic group that lives in the mountains of Nayarit, and more precisely in the municipality of El Nayar, in the eastern state of Nayarit (Mexico). They also have settlements in the state of Jalisco, Nayarit neighbor. The Coras are named themselves nayeeri.

3. - Huichol; constitute a majority in Tepic and most of Nayarit, known in Spanish as Huichol inhabit west-central México in the Sierra Madre Occidental, mainly in the states of Jalisco , Nayarit and Durango and Zacatecas parts. They call themselves wixárika.

4. - Native American Church, is an indigenous group that promotes religious worship peyote consumption and as medicine mainly its name is abbreviated as "NAC".

5. - Endemic, Endemism is a term used in biology to indicate the range of a taxon is limited to a small geographical area and not found naturally anywhere else in the world. So when it indicates that a is endemic to a certain region, it means that you can only find in a natural way there.

6. - Tarahumara, Tarahumara or Raramuri are a native people of México, settled in the territory of the state of Chihuahua, his endonym is rarámuri.

7. - The tepehuanes are a grouping of native peoples of México, in the states of Chihuahua and Zacatecas.

8. - A entheogen is a substance or a preparation plant substances with psychoactive properties that when ingested causes an altered state of consciousness. Used in spiritual contexts, religious, ritualistic and shamanic besides creative uses, recreational or medical.

9. - Comanches, are a Native American tribe native to Comancheria (territory which would include eastern New México, southeastern Colorado and Kansas, all of Oklahoma and quite the Northeast and Southeast Texas).

10. - The Kickapoo are an Algonquian Native American people living in the northern state of Coahuila and in the mountainous area of Sonora (México) and in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas in the United States.

11. - The Kiowa tribe is one of the nations of Native Americans in the United States who lived primarily in the plains of West Texas, Oklahoma and eastern New México.

12. - Mescalero (or Mescalero Apache); is a native tribe of Southern Athabaskan root, currently living on the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation in south central New México, United States.

13. – Apache; is a name given to a group of culturally indigenous nations near eastern Arizona, northwestern México (northern states of Sonora and Chihuahua), New México, and parts of Texas and the Great Plains.

14. – Nahuatl; is classified in the Uto-Aztecan family and is the language spoken by the largest number of different ethnic groups in México.

15. - The Navajo; living in the Southwestern United States spread across the states of Arizona, New México, Utah and Colorado, along with some Navajos living in Chihuahua and Sonora, northern México.

16. - The omah are an American Indian tribe, its name comes from the expression u'mon'ha', meaning “upstream”. They now live in Nebraska. Xerophilia – Volume 2, No. 4 (7) – December 2013 3 ISSN 2285 – 3987 Pedro Nájera Quezada & al. - About the use and abuse of Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) – Annexes & Notes

17. - The Opata; (also called tehuimas or tegüimas) are an indigenous ethnic group of Mexicans on the verge of disappearing as a distinct ethnic unit only. They live in the mountains of northeastern Sonora and Chihuahua, México.

18. - The Otomi are an indigenous people inhabiting a discontinuous territory in central México.

19. - El Pueblo de Taos (contiguous: tua -toh, ' Our people') in the U.S. state of New México. It is inhabited by a native community for the tihuas (Kiowa- language group tañoanas), a tribal village.

20. - The wichita lived on the banks of the Arkansas River (Texas) and Wichita Mountains (Oklahoma), the tawakoni lived at the confluence of the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers, and near the present county Waco. Currently all live in the Wichita Tribe Trust Federal Caddo County Area (Oklahoma).

21. - The Winnebago are a Native American group of the Sioux language group. Their ancestral lands lay between the bay of Green Bay on Lake Michigan, and Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin (USA).

22. - The Lipan Apache are a group who spoke the language Lipan, language belongs to the Athabaskan language family and lived in southern Texas, USA, in the first half of the eighteenth century. Most of the current Lipan live with Mescalero Apache on the Mescalero Reservation in New México. The rest live in Texas.

23. - The Tonkawa Indian Tribe is an unknown language group, which lived in the south-central Texas on the banks of the Colorado and Trinity. It currently inhabits a reservation on the Brazos River (Kay County, Oklahoma).

24. - Yaquis, are an indigenous people of the state of Sonora (México), originally settled along the Yaqui River.

25. - The important plants covers; the threatened flora, endemic, low distribution and also the wide used flora that could be at risk on its populations; Ibervillea sp., Poliomintha sp. and Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult .

26. - Mara'kame: Myths are the model for all actions that make sense in society, which is why the hulchol planting, hunting and participate in the same ceremonies of their ancestors. For him, the world has a sacred dimension that is considered of great power and whose handling is handled by specialists such as mara'akate (plural of mara'akame), who, through sleep penetrate into the world of the gods by establishing a link between the sacred and the profane.

Editor’s Notes: [1] Some of the passages below – from this point onwards right down to the Discussions chapter – are adapted, compiled or simply extracted from works depicting the history, traditional use, the perception in modern society and latest on trafficking and legal protection. The source is always indicated at the end of the passage. The purpose was to create a condensed informational background for the reader, based on first-hand statements made by prestigious authors and not by personal considerations of the author.

[2] The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA. It was the last battle of the American Indian Wars. Some estimates placed the number of native dead at 300. Twenty-five soldiers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded would later die). It is believed that many were the victims of friendly fire, as the shooting took place at close range in chaotic conditions. (Wikipedia)

[3] Pow-Wow is a traditional gathering of some of North America’s native tribes. The word derives from a native word, meaning “spiritual leader”. (Wikipedia)

[4] An ecotone is a transitional area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as forest and grassland. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering biological community and often contains species not found in the overlapping communities. (Encyclopaedia Britannica)

[5] Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin America to mean a person of combined European and Amerindian descent. (Wikipedia)

[6] PROFEPA is the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (La Procuraduria Federal de Proteccion al Ambiente)

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