Pedro Nájera Quezada & al. - About the use and abuse of Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) – Annexes & Notes Seizures recorded in newspapers or preliminary investigations Number of Date Number of Peyote seized Preliminary Investigation Notes persons arrested 2009, May 13 2 not stipulated AP/PGR/PUE/PUEV/400/ Narco-nudists 2009 2009, Sep 6 2 6pzs = 950gr, dried Peyote AP/PGR/VER/XAL/II/062/ 133 “Asenlix” psychotropic pills 2009-UMAN 2010, Feb 3 1 520pzs = 48kg, fresh AP/PGR/SLP/MATEH09/CS/ Turist Peyote 2010 2010, Jun 26 1 60pzs = 2kg + 700gr, fresh Juvenile Peyote 2010 s.n. 0 27 kg, dried Peyote AP/PGR/VER/XAL/I/037/ 2010- Tasting dried Peyote buttons UMAN confused for fungal hallucinogens 2010, Nov 27 1 2kg + 100gr, dried Peyote AP/PGR/SON/STA-I/377/2010 Truck driver 2011, Apr 6 1 2kg + 260gr, fresh Peyote Turist 2011, Aug 1 1 875g + 500mg AP/PGR/JAL/ZAP/1763/ 2011 Drugs and weapons 2011, Aug 31 4 19kg + 400g, Peyote AP/PGR/QRO/SJR-VII/286/2011 652 “Clobenzorex” psychotropic capsules, 99 Methylphenidate psychotropic tablets, 19 kilos and 400 grams of Peyote and Weapons 2011, Oct 13 8 225 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2011, Oct 15 6? 139 pzs Raids on the 13,14 and 15 Oct 2011 2011, Nov 13 2 10 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2012, Jan 14 5 900pzs = 28kg, dried Turists Peyote 2012, Feb 6 2 168 pzas = 16 kg + 620gr AP/PGR/SLP/SLP- Weapons and stolen vehicles fresh Peyote VI/080/CS/2012 2012, Sep 24 3 21 pzs, fresh Peyote Turists 2013, Mar 1 1 7 pzs, fresh Peyote Dealer 2013, Mar 20 1 20 pzs, fresh Peyote Juvenile 2013, Mar 24 3 2 pzs, fresh Peyote Juveniles 2013, Mar 27 1 20 pzs Without preliminary report 2013, Mar 31 1 1 pzs, fresh Peyote Juvenile 2013, Apr 6 21 60kg, fresh Peyote No info 2013, Apr 7 7 198kg + 50g, fresh Peyote No preliminary inquiry? Marakame Don Cruz Silvestre and his companions 2013, Apr 14 2 not stipulated Turists 2013, Aug 19 3 115 pzs = 4kg + 800gr, Juveniles fresh Peyote Bibliography Alan Savory, 1983; The Savory Grazing Method or Holistic Resource Management; Rangelands 5(4)Anderson, E.F., 1969. The biogeography, ecology, and taxonomy of Lophophora (Cactaceae). Brittonia 21, 299-310. Anderson, E.F., 1995. The "Peyote Gardens" of South Texas: a conservation crisis? Cactus & Succulent Journal 67(2): 67-73. Batis, A., y M. Rojas. 2002. El peyote y otros cactos alucinógenos de México. CONABIO. Biodiversitas 40:12-17 Benítez F. 1968. Los Indios de México. Tomo II: Los Huicholes. Biblioteca Era. México. 605 pp. Bravo-Hollis, Helia. 1978. Las cactáceas de México. Tomo I. México, UNAM. Champagne, Duane. The Native North American Almanac. Detroit: Gale Research Inc. 1999. Xerophilia – Volume 2, No. 4 (7) – December 2013 1 ISSN 2285 – 3987 Pedro Nájera Quezada & al. - About the use and abuse of Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) – Annexes & Notes Daniela Montero Anaya, Oscar R. García Rubio; 2010 ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL POR ÍNDICES DE DISTANCIA (SADIE) DE LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII EN TRES PARCELAS CON DIFERENTE GRADO DE PERTURBACIÓN EN SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Diaz, J. L. (2003). "Las plantas magicas y la conciencia visionaria." Arqueologia Mexicana 10(59) Edward F. Anderson, Botany of Peyote, University of Arizona Press, 1980 El-Seedi, H.R., De Smet, P.A.G.M., Beck, O., Göran, P., Bruhn, J.G., 2005. Prehistoric peyote use: Alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101, 238- 242. Fred Dortort, 2007; Under Discussion Mexican Oddities Strombocactus, Pelecyphora, Obregonia, Aztekium, Geohintonia and Lophophora; Cactus and Succulent Journal, 79(1):21-29. 2007. Glafiro J. Alanís Flores, Carlos G. Velazco Macías; Importancia de las cactáceas como recurso natural en el noreste de México, Ciencia y Sociedad; CIENCIA UANL / VOL. XI, No. 1, ENERO - MARZO 2008 Hill, Thomas W. "Peyotism and the control of heavy drinking: The Nebraska Winnebago in the early 1900s." Human Organization. (1990) Hofman, A. and R. E. Schultes (1979/1992/2000/2008). Plants of the gods. Rochester, Vermont, Healing Arts Press. Jay Fikes; 1996, A Brief History of the Native American Church; One nation Under God Lozoya, X. (1983). "Sobre la investigacion de las plantas psicotropicos den las antiguas culturas indígenas de México." Estudios de la cultura nahuatl. IHH /UNAM Mexico Mabit, J. (1995). "De los usos y abusos de sustancias psicotrópicas y los estados alterados de conciencia." Revista Takiwasi 1(1995). Márquez Castrejón, Cecilia; 2010, Usos medicinales del Peyote (Lophophora williamsii); Tlahui, Cuernavaca, Mor. México. Martin Terry; 2008 Stalking the wild Lophophora, part 1,2,3; Cactus and Succulent Journal; 2008 VOLUME 80 NUMBER 4,5,6 Mtra. Claudia Gamboa Montejano, 2013, LEGALIZACIÓN DEL CONSUMO, PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE LAS DROGAS, ELEMENTOS PARA EL DEBATE EN MÉXICO Marco Teórico Conceptual, Antecedentes, Marco Jurídico Actual, Iniciativas presentadas (Primera Parte); SAPI-ISS-41-13 Nierika, 2011, Análisis sobre la clasificación internacional del Peyote medicina tradicional indígena como psicotrópico clase I sin valor terapéutico. NIERIKA, 2011, Análisis sobre la clasificación internacional del Peyote medicina tradicional indígena, WWW.NIERIKA.INFO Pascarosa, Paul. "Ethnopsychedelic therapy for alcoholics: Observations in the peyote ritual of the native american church." Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. (1976) Pérez-Gil Salcido, R., F. Jaramillo Monroy; A.M. Muñiz Salcedo y M.G. Torrez Gómez. 1995. Importancia económica de los vertebrados silvestres de México. PG7/Conabio. México. RICHARD EVANS SCHULTES and ilustrations by ELMER W. SMITH, 1976; Hallucinogenic plants; Golden Press, NY. Sarukhán, J., J. Soberón y J. Larson-Guerra. 1996. Biological Conservations in a High Beta-diversity Country. En: Di Castri, F. y T. Younès (eds.). Biodiversity Science and Development: Towards a New Partnership. CAB International. Stewart, H. (1993). Peyote religion: A histrory. Oklahoma, University Press. Terry, M. and J.D. Mauseth. 2006. Root-shoot anatomy and post-harvest vegetative clonal development in Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae: Cacteae): Implications for Conservation. Sida 22:565−592. Terry, M., K. Trout, B. Williams, T. Herrera, and N. Fowler. 2012. Limitations to natural production of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae) II. Effects of repeated harvesting at two-year intervals in a South Texas population. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas, 6:567−577. Terry, M., K. Trout, B. Williams, T. Herrera, and N. Fowler. 2011. Limitations to natural production of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae) I. Regrowth and Survivorship two years post harvest in a South Texas population. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5:661−675. Xerophilia – Volume 2, No. 4 (7) – December 2013 2 ISSN 2285 – 3987 Pedro Nájera Quezada & al. - About the use and abuse of Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) – Annexes & Notes Terry, M., Keeper Trout, M. Abul Kalam, Molly T. Klein, Diana Hulsey, Paul Daley, 2013; A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF Mescaline concentrations in small regrowth crowns vs. mature crowns of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae): cultural, economic, and conservation implications; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(1): 435 – 440. The Economist, 3 April 1999, A Field Full Of Buttons. Viesca Trevino, C., J. Ramon de la Fuente, et al. (1993). Ethnotaxonomy and ethnopharmacology of psychoactive drug of ancient mexico. International conference of Ethnomedicine Heidelberg. Author’s Notes: 1. - Chichimeca, a former culture native to central México, its main tribes were: Huachichiles, Pame, Guamares and Zacatecos. 2. - Cora, are an ethnic group that lives in the mountains of Nayarit, and more precisely in the municipality of El Nayar, in the eastern state of Nayarit (Mexico). They also have settlements in the state of Jalisco, Nayarit neighbor. The Coras are named themselves nayeeri. 3. - Huichol; constitute a majority in Tepic and most of Nayarit, known in Spanish as Huichol inhabit west-central México in the Sierra Madre Occidental, mainly in the states of Jalisco , Nayarit and Durango and Zacatecas parts. They call themselves wixárika. 4. - Native American Church, is an indigenous group that promotes religious worship peyote consumption and as medicine mainly its name is abbreviated as "NAC". 5. - Endemic, Endemism is a term used in biology to indicate the range of a taxon is limited to a small geographical area and not found naturally anywhere else in the world. So when it indicates that a species is endemic to a certain region, it means that you can only find in a natural way there. 6. - Tarahumara, Tarahumara or Raramuri are a native people of México, settled in the territory of the state of Chihuahua, his endonym is rarámuri. 7. - The tepehuanes are a grouping of native peoples of México, in the states of Chihuahua and Zacatecas. 8. - A plant entheogen is a substance or a preparation plant substances with psychoactive properties that when ingested causes an altered state of consciousness. Used in spiritual contexts, religious, ritualistic and shamanic besides creative uses, recreational or medical. 9. - Comanches, are a Native American tribe native to Comancheria (territory which would include eastern New México, southeastern Colorado and Kansas, all of Oklahoma and quite the Northeast and Southeast Texas). 10. - The Kickapoo are an Algonquian Native American people living in the northern state of Coahuila and in the mountainous area of Sonora (México) and in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas in the United States. 11. - The Kiowa tribe is one of the nations of Native Americans in the United States who lived primarily in the plains of West Texas, Oklahoma and eastern New México. 12. - Mescalero (or Mescalero Apache); is a native tribe of Southern Athabaskan root, currently living on the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation in south central New México, United States. 13. – Apache; is a name given to a group of culturally indigenous nations near eastern Arizona, northwestern México (northern states of Sonora and Chihuahua), New México, and parts of Texas and the Great Plains.