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Exotic Pests of Shrubs & Trees in Oregon

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Exotic Pests of Shrubs & Trees in Oregon Exotic Pests of Shrubs & Trees in Oregon Josh Vlach Oregon Department of Agriculture For Oregon State University’s Non Crop Vegetation Management Course January 23, 2019 Outline • Invasive Species situation in Oregon • Impacts of established Exotic species • Newly established pests • Pests on the horizon • Notifying the ODA • How we stop the invasion • Questions Douglas fir 1/12= 8% • Giant conifer aphid, Cinara spp. • Brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum • Coneworm, Dioryctria spp. • Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi • Douglas fir needle midge, Contarinia pseudotsugae and C. cuniculator • Douglas fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata • Douglas fir twig weevil, Cylindrocopturus furnissi • Pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae and Matsucoccus spp. • Douglas fir pitch moth, Synanthedon navaroensis • Sequoia pitch moth, Synanthedon sequoia • Silver spotted tiger moth, Lophocampa argentata • Spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis Maple 7/13= 54% • Norway maple aphid, Periphyllus lyropictus • Western boxelder bug, Boisea rubrolineata • Carpenterworm, Prionoxystus robiniae • Cottony maple scale, Neopulvinaria innumerabilis • Leafcutting bee, Megachilidae • Maple bladder gall mite, Vasates quadripedes • Maple shoot moth, Proteoteras aesculana • Maple tip moth, Proteoteras spp. • Oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi • Root weevil (mixed, mostly European) • Rose leafhopper, Edwardsiana rosae • Satin moth, Leucoma salicis • Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occcidentalis Linden (Tilia) 5/6= 83% • Linden aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae • Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea • Lecanium scale, Lecanium spp. (usually corni) • Lime nail gall mite, Eriophyes tiliae • Linden gall mite, Phytoptes tiliae • Spider mites, Tetranychus spp. Inundation by Exotic Species • ~ 25,000 terrestrial invertebrate species in Oregon • ~ 1,000 species of exotic terrestrial invertebrates in Oregon, so… ~ 4% of terrestrial invertebrate species in Oregon are exotic blog.bayjournal.com New Exotic Invertebrate Species Found Established in Oregon 2007 - 2018 Year No. Species 2007 13 2008 10 2009 8 2010 11 An average of 2011 5 9.3 species/year 2012 10 2013 5 or 2014 6 > 1 every two months! 2015 21 2016 10 2017 3 2018 10 --------------- 112 Rate of Detection of New Oregon Exotics 120 100 Number Of 80 New Exotic Species 60 40 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Year New Exotic Invertebrate Species Found Established in Oregon 2007-2016 Scientific name Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Common name Acanthocinus leechi a longhorned beetle Diaphnocoris chlorionis Honeylocust plant bug Pasiphila retangulata green pug moth Aceria spartii bud mite Diptacus mazuriensis rust mite Phenacoccus nr. gossypii undescribed species Acleris forsskaleana maple leaftier or maple button Drepanothrips reuteri grape thrips Philopedon plagiatum weevil Aculops cannabicola hemp russet mite Drosophila hydei a vinegar fly Phyllocoptes compressus rust mite Aculus ballei linden mite Drosophila suzukii spotted wing drosophila Phymatodes lividus longhorned beetle Aelothrips albicinctus a thrips Encarsia inaron ash whitefly parasitoid wasp Phytomyza hellebori hellebore leafminer Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly Epitrix sp. (ID pending) a leaf beetle Pityophthorus juglandis Walnut twig beetle Amphimallon majale European chafer Eriopeltis lichtensteini scale Planococcus citri Citrus mealybug Amynthas gracilis Asian jumping worm Eriophyes canestrini boxwood bud mite Platycleis tessellata tessellated shieldback Anoscopus serratulae leafhopper Ferrisia gilli Gill's mealybug Ponera testacea ant Arion hortensis garden slug Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli False oleander scale Geomyza tripunctata cereal fly Arocatus melanocephalus elm seed bug Glycaspis brimblecombei Eucalyptus redgum lerp psyllid Psylliodes affinis Bittersweet flea beetle Ataenius abditus a small scarab Hemiberlesia lataniae An undescribed scale Psyllopsis fraxinicola psyllid Rhyncophytoptus new sp. Athysanus argentarius leafhopper Hexacola neoscatellae a parasitoid wasp Eriophyidae 1 Rhyncophytoptus new sp. Bactericera maculipennis a jumping louse Holoparamecus caularum handsome fungus beetle Eriophyidae 2 Balanococcus diminutus Phormium mealybug Homadaula anisocentra mimosa webworm Schevtchenkella dentata rust mite Humerobates Balanococcus dimunutus New Zealand Flax mealybug a moss mite Scolytus schevyrewi Banded elm bark beetle rostrolamellatus Blaniulus guttulatus Spotted snake millipede Hylotrupes bajulus old house borer Scythris limbella a Eurasian moth Boettgerilla pallens wormslug Labarrus pseudolividus an exotic dung beetle Simplocaria semistriata moss beetle Cacopsylla fatsiae Fatsia psyllid Laruia cylindracea moss snail Siphoninus phillyreae ash whitefly Caliscelis bonelli piglet bug Limonia distans crane fly Smynthurodes betae bean root aphid Carabus granulatus a ground beetle Meconema thalassinum drumming katydid Stephanitis pyriodes Azalea lace bug Cartodere bifasciata a minute brown fungus beetle Monosoma pulveratum green alder sawfly Stigmaeopsis sp. Bamboo spider mite Catocala amatrix sweetheart underwing Muriodelphax arvensis Delphacid planthopper Succinea concordialis Amber snail Catocala neogama bride underwing Myrmica speciodes ant Syricoris lacunana dark strawberry totrix Cepaea nemoralis Banded wood snail Nebria brevicollis European gazelle beetle Tinocallis kawaluokalani Crape myrtle aphid Cephalonomia gallicola bethylid wasp Nematus lipovskyi azalea sawfly Tremex columba pigeon tremex Ceresa festina three-cornered leafhopper Neoclytus caprea banded ash borer Trialeurodes abutiloneus banded-wing whitefly Chaetophora spinosa a moss beetle Neodiprion sertifer European pine sawfly Trioza alacris jumping louse brown marmorated stinkbug Clitostethus arcuatus ash whitefly ladybird beetle Neohydatothrips setosus thrips Trissolcus japonicus parasitoid Corythucha arcuata oak lace bug Onthophagus taurus bullhorned dung beetle Xiphydria maculata small wood wasps Crisicoccus probably azaleae Azalea mealybug Orchestes alni European elm flea weevil Zygina flammigera leafhopper Cydia coniferana Conifer bark-feedng tortrix Pandemis cerasana barred fruit-tree tortrix Significant Exotic Pests It’s a crap shoot Detected 2007-2017 every time! Average detection rate: 9.3 species/year Proportion significant pests detected: 1 in 7 On average, every year Oregon could have at least one SIGNIFICANT exotic pest detected… Aculops cannabicola Hemp russet mite Aleyrodes protella Cabbage whitefly Amphimallon majale European chafer Amynthas gracilis Asian jumping worm Arion hortensis Garden slug Brachypeplus basalis Honeybee hive sap beetle Ceresa festina 3-cornered alfalfa hoppr Corythucha arcuata Oak lace bug Drepanothrips reuteri Grape thrips Drosophila suzukii Spotted wing Drosophila Ferrisia gilli Gill’s mealybug Hylotrupes bajulus Old-house borer Nematus lipovsyi Azalea sawfly Neodiprion sertifer European pine sawfly Pandemis cerasana Barred fruit-tree tortrix Pityophthorus juglandis Walnut twig beetle Scolytus schevyrewi Banded elm bark beetle Siphoninus phillyreae Ash whitefly Stephanitis pyrioides Azalea lace bug CBP and Port inspections • Sheer volume- less than 2% of containers inspected From http://www.dpworldmaputo.com/Media-Center2/Image-Gallery/Our-Container-Yard How Did Oregon’s Exotics Get Here? Pathway % Associated With Live Plants 63 79% Soil or Soil With Plants 16 Hitchhikers/Cargo/Misc. 12 Raw Wood 9 Pathway: Live Plants From All Over! Over 3 BILLION live plants imported into the U.S. in 2007! Live Plant Imports: #1 Pathway In 2007, the U.S. imported over 3 BILLION live plants! In 2010, USDA live plant inspectors had an average workload of 43,000,000 (million) plants per inspector!!!!!!!!!!!!! biolib.cz *Above information from Liebhold et al. 2012. Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US. Front. Ecol. Eviron. 10(3): 135-143. In Oregon • No border stations • Some items are required to be reported (nursery stock, livestock, boats, etc.) • Some items are prohibited (snails, untreated firewood) • Rely on survey and other reporting Approved Invertebrate List • http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/IPPM/OregonApprovedInvertebrateList.pdf Established and widespread pests • Seemingly endless • Rust mites (many!) • Caterpillars (many!) • Gall midges (many) • Woodborers • Jumping lice (a few) • Ambrosia beetles (many) • Lace bugs (Oak and azalea lace • Bark beetles (several) bug) • Metallic woodborer (Bronze birch • Leafhoppers, froghoppers, borer) treehoppers (many) • Longhorned beetles (many) • Leafminers (many) • Wood wasps (a couple) • Spider mites (many) • Flat mites (several) • Bark • Sawflies (Many) • Moths, bark feeding (many) • Thrips (many) • Scales (many) • Mealybugs (many) • Root • Aphids (many) • Root weevils (many) • Adelgids (several) • Aphids/Phylloxera (several) • Foliar • Scarab beetles (several) • Aphids (many!) • Whitefly (many!) Wood borers attacking deciduous trees Shothole borer (Scolytidae: Scolytus rugulosus) • Established throughout the U.S. Common in Oregon. • Favors cultivated fruit trees, elm, and mountain ash. • Overwinter as larvae under bark. • Adults emerge March through June. Adult shothole borer •Attacks twigs, branches, trunks (especially of stressed hosts). “Shotholes” in host tree Wood borers attacking deciduous trees the smaller European elm bark beetle (SEEBB) (Scolytidae: Scolytus multistriatus) and the banded elm bark beetle (BEBB) (S. schevyrewi) BEBB adult SEBB adult •Established
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