DOCSLIB.ORG

State of the Climate in 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State of the Climate in 2018 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2018 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 100, No. 9, September 2019 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2018 Editors Jessica Blunden Derek S. Arndt Chapter Editors Peter Bissolli Martin O. Jeffries Ahira Sánchez-Lugo Howard J. Diamond Tim Li Ted A. Scambos Matthew L. Druckenmiller Rick Lumpkin Carl J. Schreck III Robert J. H. Dunn Ademe Mekonnen Sharon Stammerjohn Catherine Ganter Emily Osborne Diane M. Stanitski Nadine Gobron Jacqueline A. Richter-Menge Kate M. Willett Technical Editor Andrea Andersen BAMS Special Editor for Climate Richard Rosen AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY COVER CREDITS: FRONT/BACK: © BOB Busey, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks Ice-rich permafrost exposed on the face of Itkillik Bluff on the North Slope of Alaska. The bluffs and surrounding ice-rich permafrost have lost large volumes of ice over recent years due to lateral erosion and surface disturbances such as wildfire and climate warming. Members of NASA’s Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment visit this site annually to collect frozen soil and ground ice for carbon analysis. The team also uses regional airborne and space-borne remote sensing to identify potential volume of major ground ice loss in previously unidentified ice-rich parts of the landscape. How to cite this document: Citing the complete report: Blunden, J. and D. S. Arndt, Eds., 2019: State of the Climate in 2018. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100 (9), Si–S305, doi:10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1. Citing a chapter (example): Scambos, T. and S. Stammerjohn Eds., 2019: Antarctica and the Southern Ocean [in “State of the Climate in 2018”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100 (9), S169–S188, doi:10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1. Citing a section (example): Meijers, A. J., B. Sallée, A. Grey, K. Johnson, K. Arrigo, S. Swart, B. King, and M. Mazloff, 2019: Southern Ocean [in “State of the Climate in 2018”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100 (9), S181–S185, doi:10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1. EDITOR AND AUTHOR AFFILIATIONS (ALPHABETICAL BY NAME) Ades, M., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Bernhard, G. H., Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom California Adler, R., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Berrisford, Paul, NCAS-Climate, European Centre for Aldeco, Laura S., Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Buenos Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom Aires, Argentina Berry, David I., National Oceanography Centre, Alejandra, G., Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Perú Southampton, United Kingdom Alfaro, Eric J., Center for Geophysical Research and School of Bettio, Lynette, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Australia Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Servisâo Nacional de Bhatt, U. S., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, Lima, Perú Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska Allan, Richard P., University of Reading, Reading, United Biskaborn, B. K., Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre Kingdom for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany Allan, Rob, Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom Bissolli, Peter, Deutscher Westterdienst, WMO RA VI Alves, Lincoln M., Centro de Ciencias do Sistema Terrestre, Regional Climate Centre Network, Offenbach, Germany Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Bjella, Kevin L., Cold Regions Research and Engineering Sao Paulo, Brazil Laboratory (CRREL), Fairbanks, Alaska Amador, Jorge A., Center for Geophysical Research and Bjerke, J. K., Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Tromsø, Norway Rica Blake, Eric S., NOAA/NWS National Hurricane Center, Andersen, J. K., Geological Survey of Denmark and Miami, Florida Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark Blenkinsop, Stephen, School of Engineering, Newcastle Anderson, John, Department of Atmospheric and Planetary University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia Blunden, Jessica, NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Arndt, Derek S., NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina Bock, Olivier, Paris Institute of Globe Physics, Université Paris Arosio, C., University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Arrigo, Kevin, Department of Earth System Science, Stanford Bosilovich, Michael G., Global Modeling and Assimilation University, Stanford, California Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Azorin-Molina, César, Regional Climate Group, Department Maryland of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Boucher, Olivier, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France Sweden; Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Box, J. E., Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Spanish National Research Council, Moncada (Valencia), Spain Copenhagen, Denmark Bardin, M. Yu, Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Boyer, Tim, NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Ecology, and Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland Sciences, Russia Braathen, Geir, WMO Atmospheric Environment Research Barichivich, Jonathan, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Division, Geneva, Switzerland Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile Bringas, Francis. G., NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic Barreira, Sandra, Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Miami, Florida Buenos Aires, Argentina Bromwich, David. H., Byrd Polar and Climate Research Baxter, Stephen, NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio College Park, Maryland Brown, Alrick, Department of Physics, The University of the Beck, H. E., Department of Civil and Environmental West Indies, Jamaica Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Brown, R., Climate Research Division, Environment and Becker, Andreas, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main., Germany Brown, Timothy J., Western Regional Climate Center, Bell, Gerald D., NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV College Park, Maryland Buehler, S. A., Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Bellouin, Nicolas, University of Reading, Reading, United Cáceres, Luis, Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología Kingdom de Ecuador, Ecuador Belmont, M., Seychelles National Meteorological Services, Calderón, Blanca, Center for Geophysical Research, Pointe Larue, Mahé, Seychelles University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica Benedetti, Angela, European Centre for Medium-Range Camargo, Suzana J., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom Columbia University, Palisades, New York Benedict, Imme, Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Campbell, Jayaka D., Department of Physics, The University Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, of the West Indies, Jamaica Netherlands STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2018 SEPTEMBER 2019 | Si Campos Diaz, Diego A., Dirección Meteorológica de Chile, Davis, Sean M., Cooperative Institute for Research in Santiago de Chile, Chile Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, and Cappelen, J., Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Denmark Colorado Carrea, Laura, Department of Meteorology, University of de Eyto, Elvira, Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Ireland Reading, Reading, United Kingdom de Jeu, Richard A. M., VanderSat B.V., Haarlem, Netherlands Carrier, Seth B., National Institute of Water and Atmospheric De Laat, Jos, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand (KNMI), DeBilt, Netherlands Carter, Brendan R., Joint Institute for the Study of the Decharme, B., Centre National de Recherches Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, and Météorologiques, France NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, DeGasperi, Curtis L., King County Water and Land Seattle, Washington Resources Division, Seattle, Washington Castro, Anabel Y., Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Degenstein, Doug, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Hidrología del Perú, Lima, Perú Saskatchewan Canada Cetinić, Ivona, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Demircan, Mesut, Turkish State Meteorological Service, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Universities Space Research Ankara, Turkey Association, Columbia, Maryland Derksen, C., Climate Research Division, Environment and Chambers, Don P., College of Marine Science, University of Climate Change Canada,Downsview, Ontario, Canada South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida Dhurmea, K. R., Mauritius Meteorological Service, Vacoas, Chen, Lin., Institute for Climate and Application Research Mauritius (ICAR)/KLME/ILCEC/CIC-FEMD, Nanjing University of Di Girolamo, Larry, University of Illinois at Urbana- Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China Champaign, Champaign, Illinois Cheng, Lijing, International Center for Climate and Diamond, Howard J., NOAA/OAR Air Resources Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Laboratory, College Park, Maryland Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Diaz, Eliecer, Instituto de Hidrología de Meteorología y Cheng, Vincent. Y. S., Environment and Climate Change Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), Bogotá, Canada, Toronto, Ontario,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • China Date: 8 January 2007
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN31098 Country: China Date: 8 January 2007 Keywords: China – Taiwan Strait – 2006 Military exercises – Typhoons This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? 3. Is there any information about “Army day” on 1 August 2006? 4. What are the aquatic farming/fishing activities carried out in that area? 5. Has there been pollution following military exercises along the Taiwan Strait? 6. The delegate makes reference to independent information that indicates that from May until August 2006 China particularly the eastern coast was hit by a succession of storms and typhoons. The last one being the hardest to hit China in 50 years. Could I have information about this please? The delegate refers to typhoon Prapiroon. What information is available about that typhoon? 7. The delegate was of the view that military exercises would not be organised in typhoon season, particularly such a bad one. Is there any information to assist? RESPONSE 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? There is a minor naval base in Pingtan and military manoeuvres are regularly held in the Taiwan Strait where Pingtan in located, especially in the June to August period.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society
    Special Feature Consecutive Disasters --Toward the Establishment of a Disaster Conscious Society-- In 2018, many disasters occurred consecutively in various parts of Japan, including earthquakes, heavy rains, and typhoons. In particular, the earthquake that hit the northern part of Osaka Prefecture on June 18, the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 centered on West Japan starting June 28, Typhoons Jebi (1821) and Trami (1824), and the earthquake that stroke the eastern Iburi region, Hokkaido Prefecture on September 6 caused damage to a wide area throughout Japan. The damage from the disaster was further extended due to other disaster that occurred subsequently in the same areas. The consecutive occurrence of major disasters highlighted the importance of disaster prevention, disaster mitigation, and building national resilience, which will lead to preparing for natural disasters and protecting people’s lives and assets. In order to continue to maintain and improve Japan’s DRR measures into the future, it is necessary to build a "disaster conscious society" where each member of society has an awareness and a sense of responsibility for protecting their own life. The “Special Feature” of the Reiwa Era’s first White Paper on Disaster Management covers major disasters that occurred during the last year of the Heisei era. Chapter 1, Section 1 gives an overview of those that caused especially extensive damage among a series of major disasters that occurred in 2018, while also looking back at response measures taken by the government. Chapter 1, Section 2 and Chapter 2 discuss the outline of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and national resilience initiatives that the government as a whole will promote over the next years based on the lessons learned from the major disasters in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Update on Asean Plus Three Food Security
    return to their homes as water levels were still rising. As water levels in the Mekong River are projected to increase in the next few days, relevant ministries and officers are called to be alert for preventing any incidences. Source: Khmer Times (2018, Jul 31). Stung Treng floods displace more families. WEEKLY UPDATE ON ASEAN PLUS THREE Indonesia FOOD SECURITY The 6.4-magnitude earthquake occurred on 29 July 2018 with epicenter RELATED INFORMATION at the northeast of Mataram City of West Nusa Tenggara Province. Although there No. 80 were no tsunamis, the earthquake was felt in Lombok, Bali and Sumbawa Island with 18 – 31 July 2018 a total exposed population of around 14 million people. Due to the local disaster management agency, there were totally 15 Brunei Darussalam deaths, at least 40 injuries, 6,237 displaced people and above 1,000 damaged houses. The country is at the peak of the East Lombok Regency was hardest hit southwest monsoon season according due to 11 deaths and 398 heavily damaged to the Meteorological Department. This houses. Related officers started to search monsoon tends to be quite stable with less and rescue missing people, to provide tendency of rainfall, causing temperature to health assistance and relief items and to exceed 34 Celsius. The country is likely to set up evacuation camps. Yet, there is no experience hazy conditions as well due to indication that international assistance will dry weather cross the Southeast Asia. The requested or welcomed. monsoon will last until September 2018. Source: ASEAN Humanitarian Coordinating Centre for When this monsoon coincides with storm Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA and typhoon seasons, the country will face Centre) (2018, Jul 30).
    [Show full text]
  • East Asia and Pacific
    28 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 5 COUNTRIES WITH MOST NEW DISPLACEMENT (conflict, violence and disasters) Philippines 3,990,000 China 3,762,000 Indonesia 857,500 Conflict 236,000 Disasters 9,332,000 Myanmar 340,000 34.2% of the global total Japan 146,000 As in previous years, the East Asia and Pacific region There were 301,000 people living in displacement as accounted for most of the internal displacement asso- a result of conflict in the Philippines as of the end of ciated with disasters recorded worldwide in 2018 the 2018 They include around 65,000 in Marawi who Typhoons, monsoon rains and floods, earthquakes, have been unable to return to their homes more than tsunamis and volcanic eruptions triggered 9 3 million a year after the country’s military retook the city from new displacements From highly exposed countries such affiliates of ISIL, because of the extent of the damage as the Philippines, China, Indonesia and Japan, to small and presence of unexploded ordnance (see Philippines island states and territories such as Guam, Northern spotlight, p 32) Mariana Islands and Vanuatu, the impacts varied signifi- cantly across the vast region Almost 3 8 million new displacements associated with disasters were recorded in China, particularly in south- The Philippines alone recorded 3 8 million new displace- eastern provinces that were hit by typhoons Despite ments associated with disasters, more than any other the fact that some of the storms were severe, including country worldwide Pre-emptive evacuations organised the category five typhoon Maria,
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion of a Preexisting Typhoon
    VOLUME 63 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES MAY 2006 Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion of a Preexisting Typhoon. Part I: Satellite Data Analyses* TIM LI AND BING FU Department of Meteorology, and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (Manuscript submitted 20 September 2004, in final form 7 June 2005) ABSTRACT The structure and evolution characteristics of Rossby wave trains induced by tropical cyclone (TC) energy dispersion are revealed based on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) data. Among 34 cyclogenesis cases analyzed in the western North Pacific during 2000–01 typhoon seasons, six cases are associated with the Rossby wave energy dispersion of a preexisting TC. The wave trains are oriented in a northwest–southeast direction, with alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic vorticity circulation. A typical wavelength of the wave train is about 2500 km. The TC genesis is observed in the cyclonic circulation region of the wave train, possibly through a scale contraction process. The satellite data analyses reveal that not all TCs have a Rossby wave train in their wakes. The occur- rence of the Rossby wave train depends to a certain extent on the TC intensity and the background flow. Whether or not a Rossby wave train can finally lead to cyclogenesis depends on large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic conditions related to both the change of the seasonal mean state and the phase of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. Stronger low-level convergence and cyclonic vorticity, weaker vertical shear, and greater midtropospheric moisture are among the favorable large-scale conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • HURRICANE SERGIO (EP212018) 29 September–12 October 2018
    NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT HURRICANE SERGIO (EP212018) 29 September–12 October 2018 Eric S. Blake National Hurricane Center 26 February 2019 GOES-16 INFRARED IMAGE OF SERGIO NEAR PEAK INTENSITY AT 0600 UTC 4 OCTOBER 2018. Sergio was a long-lasting tropical cyclone that took a sinuous track over the eastern Pacific Ocean. It peaked as a category 4 hurricane (on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) before weakening over cooler waters and turning back toward Mexico. While it eventually made landfall in Baja California Sur as a low-end tropical storm, the overall impacts were not severe. Hurricane Sergio 2 Hurricane Sergio 29 SEPTEMBER–12 OCTOBER 2018 SYNOPTIC HISTORY Sergio could have originated from a tropical wave that left the coast of west Africa on 13 September. This feature lost definition over the tropical Atlantic Ocean during the next few days, with little signature in either the wind or convective fields. While extrapolation suggests the wave could have led to Sergio’s formation, the degradation in the signal makes it impossible to conclusively link the wave to the first clear precursor system that was noted over northwestern South America on 24 September. The disturbance produced increased convection as it passed over Central America during the next two days. The thunderstorm pattern consolidated on 27 September over the eastern Pacific waters, although NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft data showed only a weak surface trough. Persistent convection started the next day near the trough, which led to an increase in winds and low-level organization. However, while the NOAA aircraft showed that tropical-storm-force winds were now present, the large disturbance lacked a well- defined center.
    [Show full text]
  • Análisis De Datos De Altimetría De La Superficie Del Océano Curso De Primavera Sobre Ciclones Tropicales La Paz BCS, México 2008
    Análisis de datos de altimetría de la superficie del océano Curso de Primavera sobre Ciclones Tropicales La Paz BCS, México 2008 Orzo Sánchez Montante [email protected] Contenido 1. Nivel del mar asociado a huracanes 2. Generalidades sobre las técnicas de altimetría 3. Aplicación de altimetría a huracanes 4. Practica de procesamiento de altimetría en huracanes del 2006 5. Otras referencias Nivel del mar asociado a huracanes Esquema de marea de tormenta Altimetría La técnica de la medición de alturas. • ALTIMETRO BAROMETRICO Basado en la relación presión y altitud • ALTIMETRO DE RADAR El altímetro emite una onda radar y la analiza después de ser reflejada por la superficie. RANGO: distancia desde el satelite a la superficie del mar. ALTITUD: distancia desde el satelite SLA = SSH – Mean Sea Surface a un punto de referencia (elipsoide de referencia o el centro de la Tierra) SSH = Sat. Altitude – Altimeter Range – Corrections ALTURA: distancia desde la superficie al punto de referencia (elipsoide de referencia o el centro de la Tierra) Altimetría satelital Recorrido del satelite JASON ENVISAT GFO 22202801072521 / 0203 / 08 Aplicaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra La gran precisión con que esta técnica mide la altura de los océanos da acceso a numerosos indicadores de la dinámica oceánica. Por ejemplo, las variaciones de la circulación oceánica, altura de las olas, velocidad del viento, mareas, entre otros. PRODUCTOS: •LSA http://ibis.grdl.noaa.gov/SAT/ • Topografía del fondo marino utilizando altimetría satelital http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/ • MAPAS DE GRAVEDAD http://www.deos.tudelft.nl/altim/atlas/ Aplicaciones • CCAR: http://argo.colorado.edu • PO.DAAC : http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov • AVISO: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com Aplicaciones de altimetría a intensificación de huracanes Hong et al., 2000: Observed track of Hurricane Opal and locations of upper level trough and the Loop Current warm core ring (WCR).
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclones in 1999
    一九九九 熱 帶 氣 旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 1999 二零零零年四月出版 Published April 2000 香港天文台編製 香港九龍彌敦道134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 版權所有。未經香港天文台台長同意，不得翻印本刊物任何部分內容。 © Copyright reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the Director of the Hong Kong Observatory. 本刊物可於下列地點購買： This publication is available from: (1)香港金鐘道66號 (1)Government Publications Centre 金鐘政府合署 Low Block, Ground Floor 低座地下 Queensway Government Offices 政府刊物銷售處 66 Queensway, Hong Kong (2)九龍尖沙咀彌敦道132號 (2)Hong Kong Observatory Resource Centre 美麗華大廈23樓2304-2309室 Rooms 2304-2309, 23/F, Miramar Tower 香港天文台資源中心 132 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon 本刊物的唯讀光碟隨書附送，歡迎就本 A CD-ROM version of this publication is 光碟提出意見。二零零零年以後，只有 attached. Suggestions on the CD-ROM are 唯讀光碟可提供參閱。此電子刊物亦將 invited. Only CD-ROM version is available in 會放入於香港天文台的網址。 year 2000. This electronic publication will also be posted on Internet at the Hong Kong 網址為：- Observatory web-site. 或 http://www.weather.gov.hk/ Homepage address: - http://www.info.gov.hk/hko/ http://www.weather.gov.hk/ or http://www.info.gov.hk/hko/ 本刊物的編製和發表，目的是促進資料交流。香港特別行政區 This publication is prepared and disseminated in the interest of 政府( 包括其僱員及代理人) 對於本刊物所載資料的準確性、完 promoting the exchange of information. The Government of the Hong 整性或效用，概不作出明確或暗示的保證、聲明或陳述；在法 Kong Special Administrative Region (including its servants and agents) makes no warranty, statement or representation, express or 律許可的範圍內，對於提供或使用這些資料而可能直接或間接 implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of 引致任何損失、損壞或傷害( 包括死亡) ，亦不負任何法律承擔 the information contained herein, and in so far as permitted by law, 或責任( 包括疏忽責任) 。 shall not have any legal liability or responsibility (including liability for negligence) for any loss, damage, or injury (including death) which may result, whether directly or indirectly, from the supply or use of such information.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxins in Shellfish from Argentine Patagonian Coast
    Heliyon 5 (2019) e01979 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.heliyon.com Spatiotemporal distribution of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish from Argentine Patagonian coast Leilen Gracia Villalobos a,*, Norma H. Santinelli b, Alicia V. Sastre b, German Marino c, Gaston O. Almandoz d,e a Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915 (U9120ACD), Puerto Madryn, Argentina b Instituto de Investigacion de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Gales 48 (U9100CKN), Trelew, Argentina c Direccion Provincial de Salud Ambiental, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia del Chubut, Ricardo Berwin 226 (U9100CXF), Trelew, Argentina d Division Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n (B1900FWA), La Plata, Argentina e Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAV), Buenos Aires, Argentina ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been recorded in the Chubut Province, Argentina, since 1980, mainly asso- Environmental science ciated with the occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Aquatic ecology Alexandrium. PSP events in this area impact on fisheries management and are also responsible for severe human Marine biology intoxications by contaminated shellfish. Within the framework of a HAB monitoring program carried out at Environmental risk assessment several coastal sites along the Chubut Province, we analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of PSP toxicity in shellfish Environmental toxicology – Toxicology during 2000 2011. The highest frequency of mouse bioassays exceeding the regulatory limit for human con- Alexandrium catenella sumption was detected in spring and summer, with average values of up to 70% and 50%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Patagonia Shelf Draft Report November 1999 the Marine Resources Assessment Group
    Biodiversity of the Patagonia Shelf Draft Report November 1999 The Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG) Report, 1999 Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 6 General Background ....................................................................................................... 6 Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 8 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 9 Study Scope and Objectives............................................................................................ 9 Background To This Study ......................................................................................... 9 Overall Objective of the Biodiversity of the Patagonia Shelf Study .......................... 9 Overall Study Activities.............................................................................................. 9 The Economic Evaluation Focuses on the Following Activities.............................. 10 Defining Biological Diversity................................................................................... 10 1.1. Prioritized Threats to Biodiversity........................................................................ 11 1.1.1. Overexploitation ............................................................................................ 12 1.1.2. Physical
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Sharks: a Review of Action and Inaction
    The Future of Sharks: A Review of Action and Inaction January 2011 By Mary Lack and Glenn Sant JIM ABERNETHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations The authors wish to acknowledge the input provided or The Pew Charitable Trusts concerning the legal by a number of TRAFFIC network regional staff and status of any country, territory or area, or of its to thank staff from the Pew Environment Group and authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its TRAFFIC for helpful comments on the draft report. frontiers or boundaries. Published by TRAFFIC International (Cambridge, U.K.) The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and registered and the Pew Environment Group (Washington, D.C.). trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. © 2011 TRAFFIC International and the Pew Environment Group. CITATION: M. Lack and Sant G. (2011). The Future of Sharks: A All rights reserved. Review of Action and Inaction. TRAFFIC International and the Pew Environment Group. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be reproduced with permission. TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, works Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a must credit TRAFFIC International and the Pew threat to the conservation of nature. Environment Group as the copyright owner. The Pew Environment Group is the conservation arm The views of the authors expressed in this publication of The Pew Charitable Trusts, a nongovernmental do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC organization that applies a rigorous, analytical network, WWF and the Pew Environment Group.
    [Show full text]