DOCSLIB.ORG

Mandela and the Dismantling of Apartheid 83 Cape 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mandela and the Dismantling of Apartheid 83 Cape 4 Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University Transmitting the Transition: Media Events and Post-Apartheid South African National Identity MARTHA EVANS Town Cape of University Thesis Presented for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Centre for Film and Media Studies UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN February 2012 Town Cape of University ii ABSTRACT Transmitting the Transition: Media Events and Post-Apartheid South African National Identity South Africa came late to television, and its enjoyment of the medium was diminished by the fact that just as a national television service was acquired, the rest of the world began to shun the country because of apartheid. While the ruling National Party feared the integrative effects of television, they did not foresee the negative impact that exclusion from globally unifying broadcasts would have on political rule. Television helped to facilitate the sporting and cultural bans and played an important, mostly unexamined role in the transition to democracy. While South Africa was barred from participating in some of television’s greatest global attractions (including sporting events such as the Olympics and contests such as Miss World), with the release of Nelson Mandela from prison – one of the world’s most memorable media events – came a proliferation of large-scale live broadcasts that attracted the gaze and admiration of the rest of the world. At theTown same time, the country was permitted to return to international competition, and its readmittance played out on television screens across the world. These events were pivotal in shaping and consolidating the country’s emerging post-apartheid national identity. Using Dayan and Katz’s theory of “media events” – those historic and powerful live broadcasts that mesmerise mass audiences –Cape this thesis assesses the socio-political effect of live broadcasting on South Africa’s transition to democracy and the effects of such broadcasts on post-apartheid nationhood.of The thesis follows events chronologically and employs a three-part approach: firstly, it looks at the planning behind some of the mass televised events, secondly, it analyses the televisual content of some of the events; and thirdly it assesses public responses to events, as articulated in newspapers at the time. Live broadcasting was used first by the rest of the world as a means of punishing apartheid South Africa and then by the emerging NP–ANC alliance as a means of legitimating the negotiation process. In particular, media events served as a powerful means of securing support for the country’s first democratic president, Nelson Mandela. At the same time, Universitythe apparent transparency of live broadcasting helped to rejuvenate the poor reputation of the South African Broadcasting Corporation, perceived as a government mouthpiece under apartheid and, like South Africa itself, in need of an image overhaul. The thesis argues that just as print media had a powerful influence on the development of Afrikaner nationalism, so the “liveness” of television helped to consolidate the “newness” of the post-apartheid South African national identity. iii Town Cape of University iv for Madeleine and Juliette, for whom this will all be history Town Cape of University v Town Cape of University vi Contents Timeline viii Abbreviations and Acronyms x List of Figures xi Acknowledgements xii Introduction 1 1. Media Events and South African National Identity 6 2. Apartheid and Absence: South Africa’s Exclusion Town from the Media Events of the 60s, 70s and 80s 29 3. The Shamanising Ayatollah: Mandela and the Dismantling of Apartheid 83 Cape 4. Disrupting the Centre: “Liveness” and the Negotiation of Disaster Duringof the Transition 125 5. The Televised Birth of the Rainbow Nation: The Election and Mandela’s Inauguration 171 6. Consolidation: South Africa’s Return to the Global Fold and the Making of Madiba 202 Conclusion 245 University References 253 vii Timeline This timeline focuses on some of the relevant occurrences leading up to the main televised events discussed in the thesis as well as a few additional political events that help contextualise South Africa’s history. It is not representative of the country’s national chronology in any way. 21 March 1960 In what becomes known as the Sharpeville massacre, police open fire on marchers protesting against pass laws, killing 69 and injuring 186. 8 April 1960 The ANC and the PAC are banned in South Africa. August 1960 The Summer Olympics are held in Rome; Apartheid South Africa participates in the Games for the last time until 1992. 11 July 1963 The Rivonia treason trialists are arrested and later sentenced to life imprisonment. 20 July 1969 American astronauts land on the moon and the event is broadcast live across the world. 15 December 1969 The South African government sets up the Meyer Commission to investigate the desirability of acquiring a national television service. 23 March–7 April 1973 The South African Games are held in Pretoria. 5 January 1976 The first television broadcast is screened in South Africa. 16 June 1976 The Soweto uprising begins when police openTown fire on around 10 000 students protesting against Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools. 1976 Twenty-six African countries boycott the 1976 Montreal Olympics in protest against apartheid. 1977 South Africa participates in Miss World for the last time until 1991. 12 September 1977 Stephen Biko dies in detention in Port Elizabeth. 24 July 1978 Miss South Africa MargaretCape Gardiner is crowned as Miss Universe. 9 October 1978 PW Botha becomes prime minister of South Africa 25 July 1981 The SABC attempts ofto broadcast the first live rugby match from abroad to citizens, but protests in Hamilton lead to the match’s postponement. 29 July 1981 The wedding of Prince Charles of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer is broadcast to audiences around the world, including in South Africa. 20 August 1983 The UDF is launched in opposition to the introduction of the Tricameral Parliament. September 1984 PW Botha becomes state president of South Africa. 11 December 1984 Archbishop Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. February 1985 President PW Botha offers Nelson Mandela and several other political prisoners conditional freedom. 10 February 1985 Nelson Mandela’s daughter, Zindzi, reads out her father’s reply to Botha’s offer at UniversitySoweto’s Jabulani stadium. 18 March 1985 Ted Koppel’s Nightline, airing from South Africa for a week, features a live debate between Desmond Tutu and Pik Botha. 15 August 1985 PW Botha’s “Rubicon speech” is broadcast live to audiences in South Africa, America and Britain. November 1985 COSATU is formed. May 1987 The CP replaces the PFP as the official opposition in South Africa’s general election. 10 July 1988 The Mandela Birthday Tribute concert is held at Wembley Stadium. 20 September 1989 PW Botha resigns in August and FW de Klerk becomes state president in September. October 1989 FW de Klerk releases Walter Sisulu and several other political prisoners. 2 February 1990 FW de Klerk announces the unbanning of several liberation movements, including the ANC, and the impending release of various political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela. viii 11 February 1990 Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison. April 1990 The Mandela “Release” Concert is held at Wembley Stadium. 9 August 1991 Police clash with AWB members at what becomes known as the “Battle of Ventersdorp”. 20 September 1991 The government and 18 political parties establish CODESA and sign a declaration of intent. 28 December 1991 South Africa participates in Miss World for the first time since 1977. February 1992 The CP defeats the NP in the Potchefstroom by-election. 22 February–25 March South Africa participates in the Cricket World Cup for the first time. 1992 17 March 1992 The National Party holds an all-white referendum to establish support for reform. 13 April 1992 Nelson Mandela announces his separation from Winnie Mandela. 17 June 1992 Over 45 people are killed in what becomes known as the Boipatong massacre when IFP supporters attack residents of Slovo Park squatter camp. June 1992 The ANC withdraws from CODESA in protest against the Boipatong massacre. 7 July 1992 The South African national football team plays its first international game in two decades, beating Cameroon 1–0. 25 July 1992 South Africa participates in the Olympic Games for the first time since 1960. 15 August 1992 South Africa plays its first international rugby match since 1981. 7 September 1992 Twenty-nine protestors are killed when the Ciskei Defence Force opens fire on ANC protestors in Bisho. September 1992 The government and the ANC sign a recordTown of understanding and CODESA talks resume. 12 December 1992 South Africa hosts Miss World at Sun City. 10 April 1993 Chris Hani is assassinated and senior CP member Clive Derby-Lewis and Polish immigrant Janusz Waluś are arrested for his murder. 19 April 1993 Chris Hani’s funeral is broadcast live throughout South Africa. 7 May 1993 The Afrikaner Volksfront is Capeestablished by 21 right-wing groups demanding self- determination. 25 June 1993 The Afrikaner Volksfrontof and the AWB storm the Kempton Park World Trade Centre where negotiations are taking place. 25 July 1993 Eleven people are killed and 58 are injured when APLA cadres open fire on the St James Church congregationalists in Cape Town. 1 May 1993 Five people are killed when masked gunmen attack the Highgate Hotel in East London. 25 August 1993 American Fulbright scholar Amy Biehl is murdered in Gugulethu, Cape Town. 10 December 1993 FW de Klerk and Nelson Mandela jointly win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Restoration of Tulbagh As Cultural Signifier
    BETWEEN MEMORY AND HISTORY: THE RESTORATION OF TULBAGH AS CULTURAL SIGNIFIER Town Cape of A 60-creditUniversity dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Conservation of the Built Environment. Jayson Augustyn-Clark (CLRJAS001) University of Cape Town / June 2017 Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment: School of Architecture, Planning and Geomatics The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ‘A measure of civilization’ Let us always remember that our historical buildings are not only big tourist attractions… more than just tradition…these buildings are a visible, tangible history. These buildings are an important indication of our level of civilisation and a convincing proof for a judgmental critical world - that for more than 300 years a structured and proper Western civilisation has flourished and exist here at the southern point of Africa. The visible tracks of our cultural heritage are our historic buildings…they are undoubtedly the deeds to the land we love and which God in his mercy gave to us. 1 2 Fig.1. Front cover – The reconstructed splendour of Church Street boasts seven gabled houses in a row along its western side. The author’s house (House 24, Tulbagh Country Guest House) is behind the tree (photo by Norman Collins).
    [Show full text]
  • South·Africa in Transition
    POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South ·Africa in Transition Report on Violence in South Africa by an American Friends Service Committee Study Team November 1992 The American Friends Service Committee's concern over Southern Africa has grown out of over 60 years of relationships since the first visit by a representative of the organization. In 1982 the AFSC Board of Directors approved the release of a full length book, Challenge and Hope, as a statement of its views on South Africa. Since 1977 the AFSC has had a national Southern Africa educational program in its Peace Education Division. AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE 1501 Cherry Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 241-7000 AFSC REGIONAL OFFICES: Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE; Middle Atlantic Region, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, 4806 York Road; New England Region, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, 2161 Massachusetts Avenue; Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois 60605, 59 E. Van Buren Street, Suite 1400; North Central Region, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, 4211 Grand Avenue; New York Metropolitan Region, New York, New York 10003, 15 Rutherford Place; Pacific Southwest Region, Pasadena, California 91103, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue; Pacific Mountain Region, San Francisco, California 94121,2160 Lake Street; Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington 98105, 814 N.E. 40th Street. CONTENTS II THE AFSC DELEGATION 1 PREFACE III POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South Africa in Transition 1 THE BASIC VIOLENCE 2 ANALYZING THE VIOLENCE 5 THE HIDDEN HAND 7 RETALIATION 9 POLICE INVESTIGATIONS 11 LESSONS FROM THE BOIPATONG MASSACRE 12 HOMELAND VIOLENCE IN CISKEI AND KWAZULU 13 HOMELAND LEADERS BUTHELEZI AND GQOZO 16 CONCLUSION 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 20 ACRONYMS 21 TEAM INTERVIEWS AND MEETINGS 22 THE AFSC DELEGATION TO SOUTH AFRICA The American Friends Service Committee's Board of Directors approved a proposal in June 1992 for a delegation to visit South Africa to study the escalating violence there.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaders in Grassroots Organizations
    Crossing Boundaries: Bridging the Racial Divide – South Africa Taught by Rev. Edwin and Organized by Melikaya Ntshingwa COURSE DESCRIPTION This is a contextual theology course based on the South African experience of apartheid, liberation and transformation, or in the terms of our course: theological discourses from South Africa on “bridging the racial divide”. The course has developed over years – its origins go back to the Desmond Tutu Peace Centre of which the course founder, Dr Judy Mayotte was a Board member. We will look first at the South African experience of Apartheid and try to understand how it was that Christians came to develop such a patently evil form of governance as was Apartheid. We will explore several themes that relate to Apartheid, such as origins, identity, experience, struggle and separation. Then you will have a chance to examine your own theology, where it comes from and how you arrived at your current theological position. In this regard the course also contains sources that deal with Catholic approaches to identity and race. Together we shall then explore issues relating to your own genesis, identity, experience, struggle and separation – all issues common to humankind! All of this we will do by seeking to answer various questions. Each question leads to discussion in class and provides the basis for the work you will be required to do. In the course we examine the nature of separateness (apartheid being an ideology based on a theology of separateness). We will explore the origins of separateness and see how it effects even ourselves at a most basic and elementary level.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern African Law Teachers Conference 2020 Skukuza, Kruger National Park a Conference of the Society of Law Teachers of Southern Africa 20 – 24 January 2020
    Southern African Law Teachers Conference 2020 Skukuza, Kruger National Park A conference of the Society of Law Teachers of Southern Africa 20 – 24 January 2020 ‘Law, Nature and Sustainable Development' #SALTC2020 “Ihloka liyakhohlwa kodwa isihlahla asikhohlwa” (an axe forgets but the tree doesn’t forget) – Ndebele proverb “Isihlahla asinyelelwa” (a tree is not defecated upon) – Zulu proverb “Inkomo kayisengwa ngokwehlisa” (do not continuously milk a cow until there is nothing to milk) – Ndebele proverb AND COMPANY (PTY) LTD “Aiva madziva ava mazambuko” (what used to be rivers are now crossings) – Shona proverb Monday 20 January 2020 14:00 – 17:00 Check in: Reception – Skukuza Rest Camp Registration: Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre 19:00 – Till late LexisNexis Cocktail Function: Next to the Sabie River (Directions to be provided during registration) Tuesday 21 January 2020 07:00 – 09:00 Breakfast: Cattle Baron Restaurant 08:00 – 09:00 Council Meeting: Ingwe Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre 09:00 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony: Ndlopfu Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre Prof Letlhokwa Mpedi (Chair) – Executive Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Johannesburg Prof Puseletso Letete – President, Society for Law Teachers of Southern Africa Prof Saurabh Sinha – Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research and Internationalisation, University of Johannesburg Judge Boissie Mbha – Judge of Appeal at the Supreme Court of Appeal, South Africa 10:00 – 11:00 Plenary Session 1: Ndlopfu Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre Sustainable development,
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa: What Kind of Change? by William J
    A publication of ihe African Studies Program of The Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies No.5 • November 25, 1982 South Africa: What Kind of Change? by William J. Foltz Discussion of the prospects for "meaningful" or just installed. Thanks in large part to the electoral "significant" change in South Africa has engaged success of 1948, his ethnic community has now pro­ Marxist, liberal, and conservative scholars for years. duced a substantial entrepreneurial and managerial Like other participants in this perennial debate, I have class which has challenged the English-speaking com­ tripped over my own predictions often enough to have munity for control over the economy and which is bruised my hubris. I am afraid that I must disappoint now busy integrating itself with that community. In anyone who wants a firm schedule and route map as 1948 the income ratio between Afrikaners and English to where South Africa goes from here. This does not was 1:2, it is now about 1:1.3, and in urban areas it imply that important changes are not taking place in is nearly 1:1. South Africa. Indeed, some of the changes that have The African population has also changed substan­ occurred or become apparent in the last seven years tially. Despite the fictions of grand apartheid, more have been momentous, and at the least they allow us than half the African population lives in "white" areas, to exclude some possibilities for the future. There are, and by the end of the century 60 percent of the total however, simply too many uncontrolled variables in African population is expected to be urban.
    [Show full text]
  • Winning Hearts and Minds in the Namibian Border War
    85 WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS IN THE NAMIBIAN BORDER WAR Lieneke Eloff de Visser1 Abstract During the Namibian border war, South African counterinsurgency doctrine acknowledged the importance of securing the allegiance and cooperation of the population. This article demonstrates that, in the operational zone, the responsibility of winning the hearts and minds of the Namibian people largely fell to the SADF (South African Defence Force). Although the SADF dedicated considerable resources to this task, these efforts were often at cross-purposes with those of institutions in the political, police and administrative domains. In addition, there was a lack of unity and purpose within the SADF. This article argues that lack of unity between and within the different domains undermined the effort at winning the hearts and minds of the Namibian population, and must at least partly have contributed to SWAPO´s victory in the 1989 elections. Introduction In devising appropriate responses to the challenges of the Namibian border war (1974–1989), the South African military drew on the work of C.A. „Pop‟ Fraser and John McCuen. Fraser, a WWII veteran, became Chief of Joint Operations of the South African Defence Force in 1966. In an unpublished study entitled Lessons learnt from past revolutionary wars, released in the early sixties, Fraser distilled the basic principles of counterinsurgency warfare from the work of authors such as Galula and Trinquier. McCuen served in staff and command positions in the United States Army in Vietnam, Thailand, Germany and Indonesia. While serving on the US Army General Staff in 1966 his book, The Art of Counter-Revolutionary War – The Strategy of Counter-Insurgency, was published.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant a Tree
    ADDRESS BY THE MINISTER OF WATER AFFAIRS & FORESTRY, RONNIE KASRILS, AT A TREE PLANTING IN MEMORY OF THE MURDER OF THE GUGULETHU SEVEN & AMY BIEHL Arbor Day, Gugulethu, 31st August 1999 I am very honoured to have this opportunity to greet you all. And today I want to extend a special message to all of you who experienced the terrible events that happened here in Gugulethu in the apartheid years. And also, after the disaster that struck early on Sunday morning, the great losses you are suffering now. I am here today in memory and in tribute of all the people of Gugulethu. I salute the courage you have shown over the years. And I want to express my deep sympathy and concern for the plight of those who have lost their family and friends, their homes and their property in the last few days. This commemoration has been dedicated to eight people. Eight people who were senselessly slaughtered right here in this historical community. The first event took place at about 7.30 in the morning on 3 March 1986 when seven young men were shot dead at the corner of NY1 and NY111 and in a field nearby. There names were Mandla Simon Mxinwa, Zanisile Zenith Mjobo, Zola Alfred Swelani, Godfrey Miya, Christopher Piet, Themba Mlifi and Zabonke John Konile. All seven were shot in the head and suffered numerous other gunshot wounds. Every one here knows the story of how they were set up by askaris and drove into a police trap. Just seven and a half years later, on 25 August 1993, Amy Elizabeth Biehl drove into Gugulethu to drop off some friends.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Annual Report
    Our evolution 1990 Mr Nelson Mandela is released after over 27 years in prison. 1994 Mr Mandela becomes South Africa’s first democratically elected president. 1999 Mr Mandela steps down as president. The Nelson Mandela Foundation is established and houses Mr Mandela’s personal office. It implements a wide range of development projects, including education and health infrastructure. 2002 The Nelson Mandela Foundation moves to its current premises. 2004 Mr Mandela retires and famously says, “Don’t call me, I’ll call you.” He inaugurates the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory project. The Nelson Mandela Foundation begins process of consolidation from project implementer to enabler and facilitator. 2008 Mr Mandela says at his 90th birthday concert in London, “It is time for new hands to lift the burdens. It is in your hands now.’’ 2009 The first Nelson Mandela Day is launched. The United Nations General Assembly declares, by unanimous resolution, 18 July as Nelson Mandela International Day. 2011 The Nelson Mandela Foundation enters the final phase of its transition; the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory becomes the Foundation’s physical home. Our vision Our core work Our spiral A society which remembers its pasts, listens The Nelson Mandela Foundation delivers The spiral, which in many ancient to all its voices, and pursues social justice. to the world an integrated and dynamic societies symbolised constant renewal, information resource on the life and times simultaneously represents the centring of of Nelson Mandela, and promotes the memory, disseminating of information and Our mission finding of sustainable solutions to critical widening impact in the world, which is at To contribute to the making of a just society social problems through memory-based the heart of our work.
    [Show full text]
  • Question Paper & Memo
    2018 WORLD KNOWLEDGE OLYMPIAD - PRIMARY SCHOOL MEMO Sec Section Question Options Ans 1 Section 1 What country did the USA purchase Alaska from in 1867? A Russia B Mexico C Brazil A 2 Section 1 What country held the 2018 Winter Olympic Games? A Russia B South Korea C Japan B 3 Section 1 What is the largest online shop in South Africa? A Woolworths B Takealot C Pick n Pay B 4 Section 1 Which city was Ho Chi Minh City formerly known as? A Saigon B Athens C Moscow A A Taylor Swift B Celine Deon C Britney 5 Section 1 Who sang the hit song, "Hit me Baby One More Time?" C Spears 6 Section 1 What environmental crisis is the city of Cape Town currently experiencing? A Floods B Drought C Earthquake B Which river forms the southern boundary between Namibia and South A Orange River B Limpopo River C Vaal 7 Section 1 A Africa? River 8 Section 1 What is the study of the human heart called? A Neurology B Pulmonology C Cardiology C A Mangosuthu Buthelezi B Julius Malema C 9 Section 1 Who is the founder and current leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party? A Mmusi Maimane What is the name of the Comrades Marathon route that starts in 10 Section 1 A Up run B Contour run C Down run C Pietermaritzburg and ends in Durban? What was the score of the semi final match between Germany and Brazil 11 Section 1 A 2-1 B 3-0 C 7-1 C during the Soccer World Cup in 2014? 12 Section 1 Which year did South Africa have its first democratic elections? A 1990 B 1992 C 1994 C According to the World Health organisation, what outbreak killed 180 people A Bird flu B Listeria (Listeriosis)
    [Show full text]
  • RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for Justice and Peace in Southern Africa
    RELIGIOUS ACTION NETWORK for justice and peace in southern Africa a project of the American Committee on Africa ONE MORE MASSACRE by Aleah Bacquie "It seemed so absolutely unnecessary. If this is a taste of things to come, then God help us all." -John Hall, Chairperson Peace Committee God help us all indeed. Soldiers firing on unarmed peaceful demonstrators with no warning whatsoever is nothing new under the South African sun. (It was only last month that I wrote to you about the Boipatong Massacre.) Now, twenty-eight more are dead, 200 more wounded. The only fresh, but twisted slant comes from the "Gorbachevian" De Kierk, escort of the "New South Africa". You know the appalling statistics by now, nearly 8,000 people dead due to political violence since the "reformist" De Klerk began his bloody reign of terror, with tens of thousands more wounded, driven from their homes, gripped by hopelessness and fear. Complete denial of any South African governmental responsibility was expected, even though the soldiers who fired were under the command of a South African Defense Force Brigadier on loan to the "bantustan" Ciskei government. The South African government has long contended that the Black "bantustans" are independent governments, although they are not recognized by any other government, including the U.S. However, with hard evidence of government complicity mounting, De Klerk tried a new tactic, blaming the victim. He somehow mustered the gall to assert that the massacre of ANC supporters is the fault of the ANC! According to this disturbed logic, those Blacks who dared to exercise their right of peaceful assembly and protest are to blame because they should have known that Pretoria's puppet, Oupa Gqozo, would fire on the marchers.
    [Show full text]
  • Igas (Pipe- Petrosa, Sasol Igas (Pipelines Packing) and LNG Gas) Nuclear Nuclear Regulator Eskom, NECSA
    PCE & DOE DIALOGUE CEF GROUP PRESENTATION 9 JUNE 2015 Objectives . Give a holistic overview of CEF Group of Companies in delivering on the national security of energy supply and share often forgotten historical achievements made by CEF. Provide an overarching overview of Energy Options for context and background to fully appreciate the role of CEF and its importance from a national economic perspective and the role played by each entity. Address key CEF Group sustainability strategic challenges and in particular at PetroSA and what the joint efforts of the CEF & PetroSA Boards is trying to achieve in turning around the fortunes of PetroSA in a holistic manner with key timelines and objectives. Overview of the Group strategic objectives for delivering on the CEF Mandate and approach through Vision 2025 to drive Group sustainability in line with the “Redefined Role of CEF”. in support of the DoE, MTSF and SONA (June 2014). The team will dwell on the CEF Road Map. Way forward and the collective support and alignment required from all stakeholders in finding long term solutions for various solutions. Page . 2 Agenda 1 Overview of Energy Options for Economic Transformation & Sustainability 2 Overview of the CEF Mandate, Legislation and Historical Context 3 How the CEF Group is Geared to deliver on Security of Supply 4 Foundations for Group Sustainability 5 Focus on PetroSA Sustainability 6 Group Strategic Objectives 7 Summary of Group Initiatives 8 Policy Gaps 9 Support required from PCE & Way Forward Page . 3 Overview of Energy Options for
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]