Moore on Winning the Talent Game PAGE 30
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
More on Market-Making and Delta-Hedging
More on Market-Making and Delta-Hedging What do market makers do to delta-hedge? • Recall that the delta-hedging strategy consists of selling one option, and buying a certain number ∆ shares • An example of Delta hedging for 2 days (daily rebalancing and mark-to-market): Day 0: Share price = $40, call price is $2.7804, and ∆ = 0.5824 Sell call written on 100 shares for $278.04, and buy 58.24 shares. Net investment: (58.24 × $40)$278.04 = $2051.56 At 8%, overnight financing charge is $0.45 = $2051.56 × (e−0.08/365 − 1) Day 1: If share price = $40.5, call price is $3.0621, and ∆ = 0.6142 Overnight profit/loss: $29.12 $28.17 $0.45 = $0.50(mark-to-market) Buy 3.18 additional shares for $128.79 to rebalance Day 2: If share price = $39.25, call price is $2.3282 • Overnight profit/loss: $76.78 + $73.39 $0.48 = $3.87(mark-to-market) What do market makers do to delta-hedge? • Recall that the delta-hedging strategy consists of selling one option, and buying a certain number ∆ shares • An example of Delta hedging for 2 days (daily rebalancing and mark-to-market): Day 0: Share price = $40, call price is $2.7804, and ∆ = 0.5824 Sell call written on 100 shares for $278.04, and buy 58.24 shares. Net investment: (58.24 × $40)$278.04 = $2051.56 At 8%, overnight financing charge is $0.45 = $2051.56 × (e−0.08/365 − 1) Day 1: If share price = $40.5, call price is $3.0621, and ∆ = 0.6142 Overnight profit/loss: $29.12 $28.17 $0.45 = $0.50(mark-to-market) Buy 3.18 additional shares for $128.79 to rebalance Day 2: If share price = $39.25, call price is $2.3282 • Overnight profit/loss: $76.78 + $73.39 $0.48 = $3.87(mark-to-market) What do market makers do to delta-hedge? • Recall that the delta-hedging strategy consists of selling one option, and buying a certain number ∆ shares • An example of Delta hedging for 2 days (daily rebalancing and mark-to-market): Day 0: Share price = $40, call price is $2.7804, and ∆ = 0.5824 Sell call written on 100 shares for $278.04, and buy 58.24 shares. -
Why Convertible Arbitrage Is a True Market Neutral Strategy
WHY CONVERTIBLE ARBITRAGE IS A TRUE MARKET NEUTRAL STRATEGY How does convertible arbitrage perform in different markets? Transcript of a video recorded on November 30, 2017. Eli Pars, Co-CIO, Head of Alternative Strategies and Co-Head of Convertible Strategies, Senior Co-PM, explains that convertible arbitrage has performed well in most equity market environments—and that the strategy has done its best in declining equity markets historically. ELI PARS The nice thing is it tends to perform well in most equity market environments. In a rising market, you benefit from Co-CIO, Head of the net long, the net long embedded in the hedge. So you can make a little bit of money there and you can trade Alternative Strategies and Co-Head of around the volatility. It tends to do a little better in more volatile markets. Convertible Strategies, Senior Co-PM The interesting thing is, historically, it’s often done its best in declining equity markets. Now, sometimes it depends on the nature of the equity market and the nature of the bear market, but if you look back to the early 2000s when the equity market sold off materially, convert arb did really well. Investors made money, made significant money in a lot of cases, when the equity market was down. That wasn’t the case in 2008 when it was more of a financial crisis, but it’s kind of helpful for investors as they look forward and think where the next bear market might be. If to the extent you’re in the camp that you think that ultimately it’ll be an over-valued equity market that corrects similar to what we had in the early 2000s, that could quite possibly be a very nice environment for convert arb. -
40Actplussm Application for Hedge Funds and Private
Executive Risk Indemnity Inc. Administrative Offices/Mailing Address: Home Office 82 Hopmeadow Street Wilmington, Delaware 19805-1297 Simsbury, Connecticut 06070-7683 40ACTPLUSSM APPLICATION FOR HEDGE FUNDS AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT FUNDS NOTICE: THE POLICY FOR WHICH THIS APPLICATION IS MADE APPLIES, SUBJECT TO ITS TERMS, ONLY TO “CLAIMS” FIRST MADE DURING THE “POLICY PERIOD,” OR ANY EXTENDED REPORTING PERIOD. THE LIMIT OF LIABILITY AVAILABLE TO PAY DAMAGES OR SETTLEMENTS WILL BE REDUCED, AND MAY BE EXHAUSTED, BY “DEFENSE EXPENSES,” AND “DEFENSE EXPENSES” WILL BE APPLIED AGAINST THE RETENTION. THE UNDERWRITER HAS NO DUTY UNDER THIS POLICY TO DEFEND ANY “CLAIM.” ACCEPTANCE OR RECEIPT BY THE UNDERWRITER OF THIS APPLICATION WILL NOT OBLIGATE THE UNDERWRITER TO ISSUE ANY POLICY OF INSURANCE, NOR PROVIDE REQUESTED COVERAGE FOR ALL ENTITIES LISTED IN THIS APPLICATION OR IN ANY SCHEDULE ATTACHED HERETO. PLEASE READ THE ENTIRE APPLICATION CAREFULLY BEFORE SIGNING. 1. (a) Name of Applicant: Business Address: City: State: ZIP Code: Web site Internet address (if applicable): (b) Name and title of the officer at the principal sponsor or organization for the Applicant designated as the representative to receive all notices from the Underwriter on behalf of all person(s) and entity(ies) proposed for this insurance: 2. (a) SCHEDULE OF PRIVATE FUNDS (Please attach separate sheet if necessary.) Name of Type Total Total General Partner’s Minimum 3(c)7 Fund Structure Date Private (see chart Assets Equity Equity Invest- (Yes/No) (LP, LLC, Opened Fund below) Market ($mm) ($mm) ment etc.) Value ($mm) ($mm) TYPES OF PRIVATE FUNDS Market Neutral Distressed Securities Market Timing Funds of Funds Aggressive Growth Short Selling Emerging Markets Global Macro Merger Arbitrage Income Convertible Arbitrage Other: Form C27429 (08/2012) 1 Catalog No. -
Market Neutral Strategies Attractive for Institutional Investors
2015 December To Pair Trade, or not to Pair Trade... exploring different views and routes to an equity market neutral portfolio Michelin Stars in the Market Neutral World What makes Market Neutral strategies attractive for institutional Investors This Time, it IS Different A Rationale for Market Neutral Strategies Königsdisziplin The Art of being Market Neutral Market Neutral Strategies The Key to Alpha in any Market Direction www.hedgenordic.com - December 2015 www.hedgenordic.com - December 2015 Contents INTRODUCTION HedgeNordic is the leading media covering the Nordic alternative investment and hedge fund universe. THIS TIME IT IS DIFFERENT CORPORATE EVENTS SAME NAME, DIFFERENT ANIMAL The website brings daily news, research, A RATIONALE FOR EQUITY MARKET NEUTRAL STRATEGIES AS CATALYST FOR ALPHA THE EVOLUTION OF MARKET NEUTRAL STRATEGIES GENERATION analysis and background that is relevant to Nordic hedge fund professionals from the sell and buy side from all tiers. HedgeNordic publishes monthly, quarterly and annual reports on recent developments in her core market as well as special, indepth reports on “hot topics”. HedgeNordic also calculates and publishes the Nordic Hedge Index (NHX) and is host to the Nordic Hedge Award and organizes round tables and seminars. Upcoming Industry & Special Reports: February 2016: 12 40 Real Estate & Infrastructure HEALTH CARE - RAM ACTIVE INVESTMENTS KÖNIGSDISZIPLIN February 2016: A GREAT PLACE TO BE MARKET A BETA NEUTRAL APPROACH TO THE ART OF BEING Managed Futures / Global Macro NEUTRAL EQUITY INVESTING MARKET NEUTRAL March 2016: HedgeNordic Industry Report May 2016: ESG / SRI in the alternative space 42 24 36 20 Contact: MERRANT: Nordic Business Media AB TWO TO TANGO Merrant: THE MARKET NEUTRAL The Editor – My opening lines.. -
Securitization & Hedge Funds
SECURITIZATION & HEDGE FUNDS: COLLATERALIZED FUND OBLIGATIONS SECURITIZATION & HEDGE FUNDS: CREATING A MORE EFFICIENT MARKET BY CLARK CHENG, CFA Intangis Funds AUGUST 6, 2002 INTANGIS PAGE 1 SECURITIZATION & HEDGE FUNDS: COLLATERALIZED FUND OBLIGATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 3 PROBLEM.................................................................................................................................................... 4 SOLUTION................................................................................................................................................... 5 SECURITIZATION..................................................................................................................................... 5 CASH-FLOW TRANSACTIONS............................................................................................................... 6 MARKET VALUE TRANSACTIONS.......................................................................................................8 ARBITRAGE................................................................................................................................................ 8 FINANCIAL ENGINEERING.................................................................................................................... 8 TRANSPARENCY...................................................................................................................................... -
Building a Better Equity Market Neutral Strategy
Building a Better Equity Market Neutral Strategy Gabriel Feghali, CFA April 2015 Global Stock Selection Equity Market Neutral (EMN) is a well- Dan Villalon, CFA established strategy designed to deliver positive performance without exposing investors to the Portfolio Solutions Group risk of the overall equity market. We believe this strategy, with its long-term institutional track record, can be efficiently managed not only as a limited partnership but also as a registered investment product. This paper describes our approach in building an EMN strategy that seeks to systematically capture positive returns from global stocks, regardless of market direction. We thank Adam Akant, April Frieda, Marco Hanig, Albert Kim, Maston O’Neal, Lukasz Pomorski, Adrienne Ross and Daniel AQR Capital Management, LLC Schwartz for helpful comments and suggestions; and Jennifer Two Greenwich Plaza Buck for design and layout. Greenwich, CT 06830 p: +1.203.742.3600 f: +1.203.742.3100 w: aqr.com Building a Better Equity Market Neutral Strategy 1 Introduction The Equity Market Neutral Landscape Most investors’ portfolios are less diversified than Hedge funds have managed EMN strategies for they appear. Although investors allocate almost decades, and the category has posted strong long- half of their capital to asset classes other than term risk-adjusted and total returns (see Exhibit equities, those asset classes tend to be relatively 1). EMN strategies have also shown less-severe less volatile. Consequently, overall portfolio risk drawdowns than equities and the traditional is predominantly driven by just one source: equity 60/40 portfolio (Exhibit 2), while maintaining markets. The result is that good and bad equity attractive diversification characteristics — from market performance overwhelmingly determines 1990 to November 2014, the correlation between good and bad portfolio performance. -
Arbitrage Opportunities with a Delta-Gamma Neutral Strategy in the Brazilian Options Market
FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA Lucas Duarte Processi Arbitrage Opportunities with a Delta-Gamma Neutral Strategy in the Brazilian Options Market Rio de Janeiro 2017 Lucas Duarte Processi Arbitrage Opportunities with a Delta-Gamma Neutral Strategy in the Brazilian Options Market Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre apresentada à Escola de Pós- Graduação em Economia Área de concentração: Finanças Orientador: André de Castro Silva Co-orientador: João Marco Braga da Cu- nha Rio de Janeiro 2017 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Mario Henrique Simonsen/FGV Processi, Lucas Duarte Arbitrage opportunities with a delta-gamma neutral strategy in the Brazilian options market / Lucas Duarte Processi. – 2017. 45 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Pós- Graduação em Economia. Orientador: André de Castro Silva. Coorientador: João Marco Braga da Cunha. Inclui bibliografia. 1.Finanças. 2. Mercado de opções. 3. Arbitragem. I. Silva, André de Castro. II. Cunha, João Marco Braga da. III. Fundação Getulio Vargas. Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia. IV. Título. CDD – 332 Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador e ao meu co-orientador pelas valiosas contribuições para este trabalho. À minha família pela compreensão e suporte. À minha amada esposa pelo imenso apoio e incentivo nas incontáveis horas de estudo e pesquisa. Abstract We investigate arbitrage opportunities in the Brazilian options market. Our research consists in backtesting several delta-gamma neutral portfolios of options traded in B3 exchange to assess the possibility of obtaining systematic excess returns. Returns sum up to 400% of the daily interbank rate in Brazil (CDI), a rate viewed as risk-free. -
How the SEC Justified Its Decision to Require Registration of Hedge Fund Advisers
Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 2 2005 Looking Through the Hedges: How the SEC Justified Its Decision to Require Registration of Hedge Fund Advisers Laura Edwards Washington University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Legislation Commons Recommended Citation Laura Edwards, Looking Through the Hedges: How the SEC Justified Its Decision ot Require Registration of Hedge Fund Advisers, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 603 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss2/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOOKING THROUGH THE HEDGES: HOW THE SEC JUSTIFIED ITS DECISION TO REQUIRE REGISTRATION OF HEDGE FUND ADVISERS I. INTRODUCTION In 1998, the infamous hedge fund, Long Term Capital Management (“LTCM”), collapsed, threatening to bring down the entire global economy.1 Although hedge funds had been dramatically growing in popularity since the early 1990s,2 this was the first major event in an industry that was, and still is, generally seen as an investment vehicle for the very rich and non-risk-averse.3 In the next five years, the hedge fund industry would be the focus of reports by the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets4 (“President’s Working -
Optimal Convergence Trade Strategies*
Optimal Convergence Trade Strategies∗ Jun Liu† Allan Timmermann‡ UC San Diego and SAIF UC San Diego and CREATES October4,2012 Abstract Convergence trades exploit temporary mispricing by simultaneously buying relatively un- derpriced assets and selling short relatively overpriced assets. This paper studies optimal con- vergence trades under both recurring and non-recurring arbitrage opportunities represented by continuing and ‘stopped’ cointegrated price processes and considers both fixed and stochastic (Poisson) horizons. We demonstrate that conventional long-short delta neutral strategies are generally suboptimal and show that it can be optimal to simultaneously go long (or short) in two mispriced assets. We also find that the optimal portfolio holdings critically depend on whether the risky asset position is liquidated when prices converge. Our theoretical results are illustrated using parameters estimated on pairs of Chinese bank shares that are traded on both the Hong Kong and China stock exchanges. We find that the optimal convergence trade strategy can yield economically large gains compared to a delta neutral strategy. Key words: convergence trades; risky arbitrage; delta neutrality; optimal portfolio choice ∗The paper was previously circulated under the title Optimal Arbitrage Strategies. We thank the Editor, Pietro Veronesi, and an anonymous referee for detailed and constructive comments on the paper. We also thank Alberto Jurij Plazzi, Jun Pan, seminar participants at the CREATES workshop on Dynamic Asset Allocation, Blackrock, Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, and Remin University of China for helpful discussions and comments. Antonio Gargano provided excellent research assistance. Timmermann acknowledges support from CREATES, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. †UCSD and Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance (SAIF). -
Finance II (Dirección Financiera II) Apuntes Del Material Docente
Finance II (Dirección Financiera II) Apuntes del Material Docente Szabolcs István Blazsek-Ayala Table of contents Fixed-income securities 1 Derivatives 27 A note on traditional return and log return 78 Financial statements, financial ratios 80 Company valuation 100 Coca-Cola DCF valuation 135 Bond characteristics A bond is a security that is issued in FIXED-INCOME connection with a borrowing arrangement. SECURITIES The borrower issues (i.e. sells) a bond to the lender for some amount of cash. The arrangement obliges the issuer to make specified payments to the bondholder on specified dates. Bond characteristics Bond characteristics A typical bond obliges the issuer to make When the bond matures, the issuer repays semiannual payments of interest to the the debt by paying the bondholder the bondholder for the life of the bond. bond’s par value (or face value ). These are called coupon payments . The coupon rate of the bond serves to Most bonds have coupons that investors determine the interest payment: would clip off and present to claim the The annual payment is the coupon rate interest payment. times the bond’s par value. Bond characteristics Example The contract between the issuer and the A bond with par value EUR1000 and coupon bondholder contains: rate of 8%. 1. Coupon rate The bondholder is then entitled to a payment of 8% of EUR1000, or EUR80 per year, for the 2. Maturity date stated life of the bond, 30 years. 3. Par value The EUR80 payment typically comes in two semiannual installments of EUR40 each. At the end of the 30-year life of the bond, the issuer also pays the EUR1000 value to the bondholder. -
Value at Risk for Linear and Non-Linear Derivatives
Value at Risk for Linear and Non-Linear Derivatives by Clemens U. Frei (Under the direction of John T. Scruggs) Abstract This paper examines the question whether standard parametric Value at Risk approaches, such as the delta-normal and the delta-gamma approach and their assumptions are appropriate for derivative positions such as forward and option contracts. The delta-normal and delta-gamma approaches are both methods based on a first-order or on a second-order Taylor series expansion. We will see that the delta-normal method is reliable for linear derivatives although it can lead to signif- icant approximation errors in the case of non-linearity. The delta-gamma method provides a better approximation because this method includes second order-effects. The main problem with delta-gamma methods is the estimation of the quantile of the profit and loss distribution. Empiric results by other authors suggest the use of a Cornish-Fisher expansion. The delta-gamma method when using a Cornish-Fisher expansion provides an approximation which is close to the results calculated by Monte Carlo Simulation methods but is computationally more efficient. Index words: Value at Risk, Variance-Covariance approach, Delta-Normal approach, Delta-Gamma approach, Market Risk, Derivatives, Taylor series expansion. Value at Risk for Linear and Non-Linear Derivatives by Clemens U. Frei Vordiplom, University of Bielefeld, Germany, 2000 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Athens, Georgia 2003 °c 2003 Clemens U. Frei All Rights Reserved Value at Risk for Linear and Non-Linear Derivatives by Clemens U. -
Second Draft
Second Draft Risk, Financial Crises, and Globalization: Long-Term Capital Management and the Sociology of Arbitrage Donald MacKenzie March, 2002 Author’s address: School of Social and Political Studies University of Edinburgh Adam Ferguson Building George Square Edinburgh EH8 9LL Scotland [email protected] Word counts: main text, 16,883 words; notes, 1,657 words; appendix, 142 words; references, 1,400 words. Risk, Financial Crises, and Globalization: Long-Term Capital Management and the Sociology of Arbitrage Abstract Arbitrage is a key process in the practice of financial markets and in their theoretical depiction: it allows markets to be posited as efficient without all investors being assumed to be rational. This article explores the sociology of arbitrage by means of an examination of the arbitrageurs, Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM). It describes LTCM’s roots in the investment bank, Salomon Brothers, and how LTCM conducted arbitrage. LTCM’s 1998 crisis is analyzed using both qualitative, interview-based, data and quantitative examination of price movements. It is suggested that the roots of the crisis lay in an unstable pattern of imitation that had developed in the markets within which LTCM operated. As the resultant “superportfolio” began to unravel, arbitrageurs other than LTCM fled the market, even as arbitrage opportunities became more attractive. The episode reveals limits on the capacity of arbitrage to close price discrepancies; it suggests that processes of imitation can involve professional as well as lay traders; and it lends empirical plausibility to the conjecture that imitation may cause the distinctive “fat tails” of the probability distributions of price changes in the financial markets.