Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Simla Dehradun Temp (℃) Monthly Atomospheric Temperature New Delhi Jaipur Lucknow 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Monthly Relative Humidity Simla Dehradun Relative Humidity New Delhi Jaipur (%) Lucknow 100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Rainfall (mm) Monthly Rainfall Simla Dehradun New Delhi Jaipur Lucknow 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Fig.B.2.1 Seasonal Variation of FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Temperature, Relative Humidity and Rainfall (1) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY B-174 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Patna Bhopal Temp (℃) Monthly Atmospheric Temperature Ranchi Culcatta Raipur 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Monthly Relative Humidity Patna Bhopal Relative Humidity Ranchi Culcatta (%) Raipur 100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Rainfall (mm) Monthly Rainfall Patna Bhopal Ranchi Culcatta Raipur 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Fig.B.2.1 Seasonal Variation of FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Temperature, Relative Humidity and Raifall (2) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-175 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E

B HAG Upper Yamuna I IRA Uppe r Ganga-ITHI

T O N S

GA 30°0'0"N GAN 30°0'0"N

A

N

U

M G A Hindo n A Y N

G

A Upper Yamuna II R A A

A G

N

R M N

U

A A G

M M G A

A M G N

Y

A A G

R N A Y Ramganga G

A

A

M

U H

N I N A D

O

N R G Uppe r Ganga-II A H M A G G H A A 28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N N R G A A G

O

M

A

T I Kalinadi I

72°0'0"E T

A

M

O RAP Upper Yamuna III Upper GomatiG G TI H

A

R G A M GOMA H G T A G I Ghaghra A A R N A D B N A U G K R A H IG A LUCKNOWLUCKNOW ND Middle Ganga I AK

G O L H M BA K A Gandak N K AM SA T CH KANPUR I Burhi Gandak O D Lo we r Go mati S IN I S Sai 26°0'0"N Middle Ganga II 26°0'0"N G A Sind N Ko s i D A K TWA I E SAI S B O G K Middle Ganga III AN D G A KO N S DH I I S ALLAHABADALLAHABAD Lower Yamuna SA NA M Middle Gang a IV AM A R A U KALI SIN N K G D L A Ka rma nas a P N N N A Lo we r Ganga I K U A E E VARANASI F KIU K I P L Chambal R K N N N VARANASI B I E U A P S A N Kiul K A S I N T O Falgu U A A L B I S H To ns Punpun

D S N TO PADMA J Be twa Lo we r Ganga II A Ke n L R A NA Dwarka N O G S I 24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N D B AN AjayA NI IH RA AT R K MOR K A A R JA Sone I Jalangi N DAMDamodar A ODAR S

N A R O H UP R D NA T RA H Y AN R K

IH O

A E J N K O S D L S HI ON H L E IP A R Rupnarayan A N

A

H

K

Haldi

H AL 22°0'0"N DI 22°0'0"N

74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E LEGEND SCALE 1:5,000,000 Fig.B.2.2 Divided 6 Major Sub-basins (River System) and 38 Sub-basins UPPER YAMUNA LOWER YAMUNA The Study on WaterQuality ManagementPlan ForGanga River Kilo me te rs UPPER GANGA MIDDLE GANGA 010020050 GOMATI LOWER GANGA

B-176 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E

Upper Yamuna I

Up pe r Gang a-I

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

Hind o n

Upper Yamuna II GALETA

Ramganga DELHI

Up pe r Gang a-II

28°0'0"N MO HA NA 28°0'0"N

SOURCE: Kalinadi CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

DABRI (ZINARAHIMPUR) Upper Yamuna III Up pe r Go mati FATEHGARH BEWAR Ghaghra

ANKINGHAT LUCKNOW ETAWAH Mid d le Ga ng a I UDI SEONDHA KANPUR Gandak Mid d le Ga ng a II Lower Gomati Burhi Gandak 26°0'0"N Sai 26°0'0"N Sind BHITAURA Ko s i

Lo wer Yamuna SHAHZADPUR JALAPUR MA IG HA T Mid d le Ga ng a III BUXAR SAHIJNA ALLAHABAD BANDA PRATAPPUR Mid d le Ga ng a IVVARANASI Karmanas a MEZAROAD KARANNASA Rly.St. Lower Ganga I Chambal MIRZAPUR Kiul To ns Punpun Falg u

Betwa Ke n Dwarka 24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N Ajay So ne Jalangi Damo dar

Rupnarayan Lower Ganga II

Hald i

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E

LEGEND SCALE 1:5,000,000 RIVER FLOW MONITORING SITE Fig .B.2.3 CWC RIVER FLOW MONITORING SITES Kilo me te rs OTHER RIVER 010020050 GANGA THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER YAMUNA SUB BASIN BOUNDRY

B-177 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Kanpur Flow Rate (m3/s) Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Ganga) Allahabad Varanasi 16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. January February March April May Month

3 Flow Rate (m /s) Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Yamuna at Delhi Rly.Bridge) 800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. January February March April May Month

Flow Rate (m3/s) Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate (Gomati at Lucknow) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. January February March April May Month

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig.B.2.4 Seasonal Variation of River Flow Rate

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY B-178 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E

1492 1491 Upper Yamuna I1493 1494 1510 1495 Up pe r Gang a-I 1490 1554 1553 1485 1486 30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N 1117 1488 1489 1484 1060 1496 1487 1061 1357

Hind o n 1477 1118 1478 Upper Yamuna II

1119 1483 1062 Ramganga 1120 1121 1358 1375 1480 Up pe r Gang a-II 1812 1145 28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N 1497

Kalinadi SOURCE: CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

1350 1123 Up pe r Go mati Upper Yamuna III 1124 1125 1064 Ghaghra 1126 1063 1065 1361 1498 1066 Mid d le Ga ng a I 1127 1351 1352 1363 1609 1354 1376 1146 Gandak 1499 1067 1607 Lower Gomati Burhi Gandak Mid1068 d le Ga ng a II Sai 26°0'0"N 26°0'0"N 1433 Sind 1355 1147 Ko s i 1413 1356 1460 1608 Lo wer Yamuna 1076 1078 Mid d le Ga ng a III 1353 1074 1075 1077 1072 1073 1046 1079 Mid d le Ga ng a IV 1069 1129 1289 1372 1049 1071Karmanas a 1059 1070 1288 Lower Ganga I Chambal Falg u Kiul To ns1143 Punpun 1144 1418 1432 1735Betwa Ke n Dwarka 1360 1080 24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N 1371 Ajay 1612 1359 1142 So ne Jalangi 1615 Damo dar 1336 1613 1332 1331 1366 1763 1365 1333 1614 1611 1370 1334 1764 1368 Rupnarayan Lower Ganga II 1369 1468 1610

1472 1367 1053

Hald i 1470 1471 1052

1337 22°0'0"N 1054 22°0'0"N 1469 1335

74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E

SCALE 1:5,000,000 LEGEND WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS Fig.B.3.1 CPCB RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS Kilo me te rs OTHER RIVER THE S TUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER 010020050 GANGA YAMUNA SUB BASIN BOUNDRY

B-179 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

BOD (mg/l) The sampling point is immediately after Varuna river, which is highly polluted by domestic wastewater. Varuna River significantly affects the river water quality of the sampling point. 25

i 90% Value s

a 75% Value d n a 20 a Average r b a a h V a l 15 l Kanpur A Kannau a t a a n k t Rishikesh l a 10 o P K

B classB class criteria: criteria: BOD BOD 5

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Distance from River Head (km)

DO (mg/l) 12 90% Value 75% Value 10 r Average Rishikesh Allahabad Kannauj Varanasi Kanpu 8

6 Patna

4

B class criteria: DO Kolkata 2 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Distance from River Head (km)

F-C (MPN/100ml)

1.E+07 j 90% Value 1.E+06 Kanpur 75% Value Kannau

Rishikesh Average Allahabad 1.E+05 B class criteria: Faecal Varanasi coliform 2500 MPN/100ml Patna (Maximum) 1.E+04

1.E+03 Kolkata

1.E+02 B class criteria: Faecal coliform 500 MPN/100ml (Desirable) 1.E+01 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Distance from River Head (km)

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig.B.3.2 Longitudinal Profile of River Water Quality (Ganga River) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY B-180 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

BOD (mg/l) 40

a 90% Value 35 r g 75% Value A 30 Delhi Average 25

20 Mathura 15 B class criteria: 10 BOD 3mg/l 5 Allahabad 0 0 300 600 900 1200 Distance from River Head (km)

DO (mg/l) 12

10 Agra Allahabad Delhi 8 Mathura

6

90% Value 4 75% Value B class criteria: Average 2 DO 5 mg/l

0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Distance from River Head (km)

F-C (MPN/100ml)

1.E+08 TC Delhi 1.E+07 Agra FC

Mathura Average

1.E+06

1.E+05 Allahabad

1.E+04 B class criteria: F-coli 2500MPN/100ml (Maximum) 1.E+03

B class criteria: F-coli 500 MPN/100ml (Desirable) 1.E+02 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Distance from River Head (km)

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig.B.3.3 Longitudinal Profile of River Water Quality (Yamuna River) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-181 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

BOD (mg/l) 10 90% Value 75% Value 8 Average Lucknow

6 r Sitapu 4 r 2

C class criteria: BOD 3 mg/l Jaunpu Varanasi 0 0 80 160 240 320 Distance from River Head (km)

DO (mg/l) 10 90% Value 75% Value Average 7.5 r Sitapu

5 Lucknow r

2.5 Jaunpu Varanasi C class criteria: DO 4 mg/l

0 0 80 160 240 320 Distance from River Head (km)

T-C (MPN/100ml)

1.E+07 90% Value 75% Value 1.E+06 Average r

1.E+05 Sitapu

1.E+04 r 1.E+03 C class criteria: Total coliform 5000 Jaunpu

1.E+02 Varanasi Lucknow

1.E+01 0 80 160 240 320 Distance from River Head (km)

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig.B.3.4 Longitudinal Profile of River Water Quality (Gomati River) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-182 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Monthly Average BOD Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s (mg/l) BOD Seasonal Variation Varanasi D/s Agra D/s Lucknow D/s 25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s Monthly Average DO DO Seasonal Variation Varanasi D/s Agra D/s (mg/l) Lucknow D/s 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

Monthly Average T- coliform (MPN/100ml) Total-coliform Seasonal Variation Kanpur D/s Allahabad D/s Agra D/s Lucknow D/s 1.E+08

1.E+07

1.E+06

1.E+05

1.E+04

1.E+03

1.E+02 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig.B.3.5 Seasonal Variation of River Water Quality JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY B-183 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River

Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

1

0

0

2 Total Coli Total Coli

0

0

T Coli 0

2

9

9

9

1

8

9

9

1

7

9

9

1

6

9

9

1

5

9

9 1

Decade

4 Decade 9

9 Decade 1

3

9 atGanga Kanpur D/S

9

1

Ganga at Kannauj D/S Kannauj at Ganga 0

Ganga at Allahabad D/S Allahabad at Ganga 9

9

1

9

8

9

1

8

8

9

1

7

8

9

1

6

8

9 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1.E+08 8.E+07 6.E+07 4.E+07 2.E+07 0.E+00 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E+04 8.E+03 6.E+03 4.E+03 2.E+03 0.E+00 Total Coliform Total Colif orm Total Coliform Total DO BOD

DO BOD

0

DO 7.2 4 BOD 0

0

2

9

9

9

1

8

9

9

1

7

9

9

1

6

9

9

1

5

9

9

1

4 9

Deca de 9 Decade

1 Decade

3

9

9 1

Ganga at Kannauj D/S Kannauj at Ganga 0 Ganga at Allahabad D/S

Ganga at Kanpur D/S 9

9

1

9

8

9

1

8

8

9

1

7

8

9

1

6

8

9 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0

DO/BOD mg/l

20.0 15.0 10.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0

8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0

l DO/BOD mg/ DO/BOD 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 DO/ BOD mg/l BOD DO/

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 3.6 River Water Quality Trend (1) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-184 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan Total Coliform Total Colif orm Total Coliform Decade Decade Decade Ganga Varanasi at Ganga at Patna D/S Patna at Ganga Ganga at Trighat(Ghazipur) at Ganga 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 6.E+04 5.E+04 4.E+04 3.E+04 2.E+04 1.E+04 0.E+00 2.E+05 2.E+05 1.E+05 1.E+05 1.E+05 8.E+04 6.E+04 4.E+04 2.E+04 0.E+00 Total Coliform Total Total Coliform Total Total Coliform Total 3.E+06 3.E+06 2.E+06 2.E+06 1.E+06 5.E+05 0.E+00 DO BOD DO BOD DO BOD Decade De cade Decade Ganga at Patna D/S at Patna Ganga Ganga atVaranasi Ganga at Trighat (Ghazipur) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 10.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 DO/BOD mg/l DO/BOD mg/l D.O/BOD mg/l D.O/BOD

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 3.6 River Water Quality Trend (2) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-185 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan Total Coliform Total Total Coliform Total Feacal Coliform Feacal Decade Decade Decade Yamuna at Allahabad at Yamuna Yamuna at Etawah at Yamuna Yamuna at Nizamuddin BridgeYamuna 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total Colif orm 5.E+05 4.E+05 3.E+05 2.E+05 1.E+05 0.E+00 7.E+05 6.E+05 5.E+05 4.E+05 3.E+05 2.E+05 1.E+05 0.E+00 Total Coliform Total Total Coliform Total 6.E+06 5.E+06 4.E+06 3.E+06 2.E+06 1.E+06 0.E+00 DO BOD DO BOD DO BOD Decade Decade Decade Yamuna at Allahabad Yamuna Yamuna at EtawahYamuna Yamuna at Nizamuddin BridgeYamuna 1986 1987 1988 1989 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 5.0 0.0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 10 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 16 14 12 10 DO/BOD mg/l DO/BOD mg/l DO/BOD mg/l

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 3.6 River Water Quality Trend (3) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-186 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan Total Coliform Total total Coliform total Decade Decade Gomti at Lucknow Gomti at Varanasi at Gomti 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2.E+04 1.E+04 1.E+04 1.E+04 8.E+03 6.E+03 4.E+03 2.E+03 0.E+00 Total Coliform 2.E+06 2.E+06 1.E+06 5.E+05 0.E+00 Total Colif orm DO BOD DO BOD De cade Decade Gomti atGomti Lucknow Gomti at Varanasi Gomti 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 8 6 4 2 0 10.0 10 DO/BOD mg/l DO/BOD DO/BOD mg/l

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 3.6 River Water Quality Trend (4) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-187 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River

Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

II

Lower Ganga Lower

Sai

Lower Ganga I Ganga Lower

Gomati

Haldi

Lower

Rupnarayan Gomati

Upper Damodar Sub-basin

Gomati Basin Gomati

Ajay Jalangi Sub-basin Wise Population in Sub-basinWisePopulation

0 Dwarka

5000000 Kosi 30000000 25000000 20000000 15000000 10000000

Population

Burhi Gandak Burhi

Kiul

Gandak Yamuna

Falgu Punpun

Sub-basin

Son

Karmanasa

Ghaghra

Tons

IV Sub-basin Wise Population in Ganga Basin Ganga Midle Chambal Sind Betwa Ken Lower

Sub-basin

III

Middle Ganga Middle

II Upper

Middle Ganga Middle IIIYamuna

I

Middle Ganga Middle Basin Yamuna in Sub-basinWisePopulation

Kalinadi IIYamuna Ramganga

Hindon Upper

II

Upper Ganga Upper Upper Ganga I Ganga Upper Upper Yamuna I Yamuna 0 0 Population 5,000,000 5,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 Population 50,000,000 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.5.1 Sub-bain Wise Population Distribution JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-188 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River

Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan Lower Ganga II Ganga Lower

Sai

Lower Ganga I Ganga Lower

Haldi Lower Gomati Rupnarayan

Upper Gomati Damodar

Sub-basin

Ajay Jalangi Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Gomati Basin Gomati in Density Population Wise Sub-basin

) Mor 2

0 Kosi Density 500

Population

2500 2000 1500 1000 (person/km

Burhi Gandak Burhi

Kiul

Gandak Yamuna

Falgu Punpun

Sub-basin

Son

Ghaghra

Karmanasa

Tons Midle Ganga IV Ganga Midle

Chambal Sind Betwa Ken Lower

III Sub-basin

Middle Ganga Middle Middle Ganga II Ganga Middle Upper

Yamuna IIIYamuna Middle Ganga I Ganga Middle

Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Ganga Basin Ganga in Density Population Wise Sub-basin Kalinadi Yamuna IIYamuna

Sub-basin Wise Population Density in Yamuna Basin Yamuna in Density Population Wise Sub-basin Ramganga

Hindon Upper

Upper Ganga II Ganga Upper ) I Ganga Upper ) 2 2 Upper Yamuna I Yamuna 0 0 500 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 (person/km (person/km 2500 2000 1500 1000 Population Density Population Population Density Population

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT Fig. B.5.2 Sub-basin Wise Population PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Density JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-189 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Sai Lower Ganga II Ganga Lower BOD (Industry)BOD (Land) BOD

Lower Gomati Lower Ganga I Ganga Lower

BOD (Industry)BOD (Land) BOD Haldi

Upper Gomati Rupnarayan

Sub-basin BOD (Sewerage) BOD (Livestock) BOD (Household) BOD Damodar

Basin Ajay

BOD (Sewerage) BOD (Livestock) BOD (Household)BOD

Jalangi Dwarka 0

BOD Kosi (kg/day)

50000 Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation in Gomati Generation

250000 200000 150000 100000

Burhi Gandak Burhi

Gandak Kiul

Yamuna

Falgu (Industry)BOD (Land) BOD

Punpun

Son Sub-basin Ghaghra

BOD (Sewerage)BOD (Livestock) BOD (Household) BOD

Karmanasa

Tons Midle Ganga IV Ganga Midle d Generation in Ganga Basin

Chambal Sind Betwa Ken Lower Middle Ganga III Ganga Middle

Sub-basin Middle Ganga II Ganga Middle Upper

Yamuna III Yamuna Middle Ganga I Ganga Middle Kalinadi

Yamuna II Yamuna

Ramganga Upper Ganga II Ganga Upper

Hindon Upper Upper Ganga I Ganga Upper Upper 0 Yamuna I Yamuna Sub-basin Wise PollutionSub-basin Wise Loa 0 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 BOD Generation (kg/day) Generation BOD 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 BOD Generation (kg/day) Generation BOD 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation in Yamuna River Yamuna in Generation Load Pollution Wise Sub-basin

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 5.3 Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Generation JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-190 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Upper Yamuna I Upper Ganga I 10 1 Yamuna River 13 Ganga Canal Western Yamuna Canal Ganga River Delhi 11 Eastern Yamuna Canal Upper Yamuna II Hardwar F 13 2 Upper Ganga II Upper Yamuna III 12 Hidon River Kannauj Ramganga River Agra 4 3 G A Karinadi River 14 Middle Ganga I Chambal River 5 Kanpur 15 Upper 23 Gomati Sind River B

16 19 6 Betwa River Middle Ganga II 17 Allahabad C Gomati River Ken River 18 7 Lucknow H I D Middle Ganga III Tons River Sai 9 21 8 Varanasi Middle Ganga IV E Sai River 20 J Lower Karmanasa River Ghazipur Gomati Legend 22 Ghaghra River Son River : City/Town 24 Patna Gandak River 25 26 : Evaluation Point Punpun River 2427 Falgu River : Sub-basin 28 Burhi Gandak River Kiul River 29 36 35 34 33 31 Kosi River 30

37 Ajay Damodar Haldi River Bay of Bengal Dwarka Lower Ganga I Rupnarayan

Country Border 38

Calcutta Jalangi Lower Ganga II Padma River 32

Bangladesh

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Fig.B.5.4 Schematic Diagram of the FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Simulation of Pollution Load Runoff and Water Quality JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-191 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River

Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Sai II Lower Ganga Lower

BOD (Household) BOD (Land) BOD (Livestock) BOD (Industry)BOD (Sewerage) BOD Gomati

Lower Ganga I Ganga Lower Lower

BOD (Industry) BOD (Land) BOD

Gomati

Haldi

Upper Rupnarayan

Sub-basin Damodar

Basin Ajay

BOD (Sewerage) BOD (Livestock) BOD (Household) BOD Jalangi

0 Dwarka 5000 Pollution 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000

Load (kg/d)

Kosi Sub-basinWise PollutionRunoff Load inGomati

Burhi Gandak Burhi

Gandak

Kiul (Industry)BOD (Land) BOD Falgu

Yamuna

Punpun

Son (Sewerage)BOD (Livestock) BOD (Household) BOD

Sub-basin

Ghaghra

Karmanasa

Tons

IV

Midle Ganga Midle

III

Middle Ganga Middle Chambal Sind Betwa Ken Lower II

Sub-basin Middle Ganga Middle III

Upper

Yamuna Middle Ganga I Ganga Middle

II Kalinadi

Yamuna

Ramganga

II Hindon Upper

Upper Ganga Upper Upper Ganga I Ganga Upper Upper Yamuna I Yamuna 0 0 5,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 120,000 100,000 Pollution Load (kg/d) Load Pollution Sub-basin Wise Pollution Load Runoff in Ganga Basin Ganga in Runoff Load Pollution Wise Sub-basin Pollution Load (kg/day) Sub-basin Wise Pollution Runoff Load in Yamuna River

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B. 5.5 Existing Pollution Runoff of Each Sub-basin JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-192 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River

Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Lower Ganga II (Culcata) II Ganga Lower

Lower Ganga I (Patna) I Ganga Lower

Haldi

Rupnarayan

Damodar

Ajay

Jalangi

Dwarka

Kosi

Burhi Gandak Burhi

Kiul

Gandak

Falgu

Punpun

Sone

Ghaghra

Karmanasa

Sai

Lower Gomati Lower

Upper Gomati (Lucknow) Gomati Upper Lower Yamuna Lower

Sub-basin

Ken

Betwa (Bhopal) Betwa

Sind

Chambal (Indore) Chambal Upper Yamuna III (Agra) III Yamuna Upper

Sub-basin Wise Density of Pollution Load Runoff

Upper Yamuna II (Delhi) II Yamuna Upper

Hindon

Upper Yamuna I Yamuna Upper

Tons

Middle Ganga IV (Varanasi) IV Ganga Middle

Middle Ganga III (Allahabad) III Ganga Middle

Middle Ganga II (Kanpur) II Ganga Middle

Middle Ganga I Ganga Middle

) Kalinadi

2

Ramganga

Upper Ganga-II Upper Upper Ganga-I Upper 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Runoff kg/d/km (BOD Density of PollutionLoad of Density

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Fig. B.5.6 Density Pollution Load Runoff of FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Each Sub-basin JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-193 72°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E

Upper Yamuna I 0.28 Upper Yamuna I 0.28

UpperUpper Ganga-I Ganga-I 0.86 0.86 30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

Hindo n 1 . 98 Uppe r Yamuna II ( De lhi) 2 .70 Uppe r Yamuna II ( De lhi) 2 .70

RamgangaRamganga 0.83 0.83

Upper Ganga-II 0.61 Upper Ganga-II 0.61

28°0'0"N 28°0'0"N

KaKa linad linad i 0 i .0 46 . 46

Upper Gomati (Lucknow) 3.53 Uppe r Ya muna III (Agra) 0 .84 Uppe r Ya muna III (Agra) 0 .84 Upper Gomati (Lucknow) 3.53

Ghaghra 0.17 Ghaghra 0.17

LUCKNOW MiddleMiddle Ganga Ganga I 0.83I 0.83

KANPUR Gandak 0.19 Gandak 0.19 MiddleMiddle Ganga Ganga II (Kanpur)II (Kanpur) 4.84 4.84 Lower Gomati 0.68 Burhi Gandak 0.09 26°0'0"N Sai 1.16 Lower Gomati 0.68 Burhi Gandak 0.09 26°0'0"N Sai 1.16 Sind 0.04 Sind 0.04 Lo weLo rwe Ya r munaYa muna 0. 20 0. 20 Ko s i 0. 3 8 Ko s i 0. 3 8

MiddleMiddle Ganga Ganga III III (Allahabad)(Allahabad) 5.15 5.15 ALLAHABAD

MiddleMiddle Ganga Ganga IV IV(Varanasi) (Varanasi) 1.80 1.80 Karmanasa 0.08 VARANASIKarmanasa 0.08 LowerLower Ganga Ganga I I(Patna) (Patna) 0.00 0.00 ChambalChambal (Indore) (Indore) 0.15 0.15 To ns 0.67 Punpun 0.27 Falgu 0.44 KiulKiul 0.74 0.74 To ns 0.67 Punpun 0.27 Falgu 0.44

Betwa (Bhopal) 0.19 Ke n 0 . 07 Ke n 0 . 07 DwarkaDwarka 0.20 0.20 24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N AjayAjay 0.03 0.03 Jalangi 0.75 Sone 0.12 Jalangi 0.75 DamodarDamodar 1.01 1.01

Rupnarayan 0.11 Lower Ganga II (Culcutta) 2.21 Rupnarayan 0.11 Lower Ganga II (Culcutta) 2.21

Haldi 0. 8 4 Haldi 0. 8 4

22°0'0"N 22°0'0"N

74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E 90°0'0"E LEGEND

CITY SCALE 5,000,000 MAJOR R IVER Fig.B.5.7 UNIT AREA POLLUTION LOAD RUNOFF (2003) 1.61 - 5.20 Kilo me te rs THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER 1.21 - 1.60 010020050 0.81 - 1.20 0.41 - 0.80 0.00 - 0.40 UNITS: BOD in Kg/d/Sq.Km

B-194 80°25'0"E 82°30'0"E

R A M G A N G A

LUCKNOW

26°40'0"N 26°40'0"N

G OM A TI GH AG HA RA KANPURKANPUR INDEX MAP

B G ET A W N A G A SAI

Leg end YAM UNA MAJOR METALLED ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY

I Rail Track IN AK ALLAHABAD ND ALLAHABAD VARANASIVARANASI Majo r Rive r MA A District Boundary S A N M A N R E A K K

EN K

24°35'0"N 24°35'0"N SONE S TON

D AN RIH

010 204060 Kilo me te rs 80°25'0"E 82°30'0"E

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PROJECT LOCATION FIGURE B.6.1

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN VARANASI CITY LOCATION OF OBJECTIVE 4 CIITES CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FOR DETAIL SIMULATION

B-195 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan B

2,000 Wazidpur N. Wazidpur 20

1,050 Budiya Ghat N. Ghat Budiya 19

1,000 Bangagli Ghat N. Ghat Bangagli 18

230 Dubka N. Dubka D 17

450 Gulf Club-1 N. Club-1 Gulf

Gulf Club-1& Gulf 15

&16 2,000 C.O.D. N. C.O.D. 23 Schematic Diagram Area Kanpur for 5,420 3,800 Pundu River

Ganga River Guptar N. Guptar 14

600 Halwa Khanda N. Khanda Halwa Jail N. Jail 22

13 250 N. Line Police 12

650 Muir Mill N. Mill Muir 11 4,620

1,350 Parmat N. Parmat

10

Ganda N. Ganda 300 N. Tafco 21 9

1,120 Sisamau N. Sisamau 2,000 8

C 680 N. Ghat Rani 7

3,380

Khewra,Jageswar,Jewra,Nawabganj N. Khewra,Jageswar,Jewra,Nawabganj Kesa Coloney,Roadways Coloney, Coloney,Roadways Kesa 1 - 6 2,000 A

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Kanpur JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-196 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

21 20 Ganga River Ganga Shastri Bridge N. Bridge Shastri Lotey Haran N. Lotey 200 200 500 2,500 1,000 2,000 D E F 200 1,380 4,500 1,200 B Allahabad Area 10 8 Salori N. 560 Schematic Diagramfor

Mawaiya N. Mawaiya

Alenganj N. Alenganj Morigate N. Morigate D. Mumfordganj including NO.1 Drain Fort 15~ 15E (Outfall STP) of 9 7 6 13 Drains of Drains Daraganj Area 180

6A 1,280 NO.2 Drain Fort

1,350 14~ 14F

Co-Operative D. Co-Operative Drain at Gate NO. 13 NO. Gate at Drain 5 16

1,170

430

17 D. Basana Drain at Gate NO. 9 NO. Gate at Drain 4 11C ~11E

450

(through existing sewers) existing (through

Emergency Outfall D. Outfall Emergency 3 18 D. Awas Indira Ymuna River Ymuna 1,100 1,000 12 12 F~H C~E 12I

2 12 N. Chachar Shivpur D. Shivpur T.V. Tower 1,130 Rajapur 19 12A 1F 1A~ 2,000

1 Main Ghaghar N. Ghaghar Main Sadar Bazar N. Bazar Sadar 12B A 6,120

Ganga River Ganga Nehru Park N. Park Nehru 23

600 Kodara N. Kodara 22

1,940 Ponghat N. Ponghat 24 2,000 C

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Allahabad

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-197 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan K 2,000 Narokhar N. (80MLD) STP 14 Dinapur 2,800 Raising Main Raising E J Varanasi Area 200 2,310 F 200 200 1,520 1,500 Schematic Diagram for I

160

6 Rajghat Outfall Rajghat Nala Near Nakhi Ghta Nakhi Near Nala 14

320 Nala Of Nai Basti Nai Of Nala 15 13 Konia PS P

1,290 1,260 N. Railway Rajghat

13 Hukulgang N. Hukulgang

Varuna River 300 12 Bhainsasur N. Bhainsasur 180

12 11 No.5 Nala Banaras 240

G (11) N. Telia Ganga River 990

720 5 Teliabagh N. Teliabagh Trilochan Ghat D. Ghat Trilochan

10 Colony 930

150 Nala Of Khajurl Of Nala

9 10 Ghat Sankaha 390

440

4 D. Jalesan Raja Bazar N. Bazar Raja Chamrautia N. Chamrautia 8 180 9 D

390 (Ghora N.) (Ghora 7 N. Ghat P. R. Dr. 450

300 8 C Oaderly Bazar N. Bazar Oaderly Middle of strech 380

720

(6) D. Mansarovar Drain Of Hotels Of Drain 300

3

5 Harishchandra Ghat D. Ghat Harishchandra 240 330

2 Sadar Bazar N. Bazar Sadar 4 Shiwala D. Shiwala 1,170

3 1,140 N. Assi (12MLD)

7 B Central Jail N. Jail Central STP BHU 1,320 (9.8MLD) 360

2 1 D. Ghat Samne Phulwaria N. Phulwaria 780 STP BHU

1 Nakkhi D. Nakkhi 2,000 A 2,000 G

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Varanasi

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-198 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan B 28 15

2,000

Lamartiners Jiamau & Jiamau 14 13&

-

2,000 Canal GH Kukrail 27

500

10 Japling 26 Bhikampur pur Baba 12

690 Nishatoanj

25 Kedarnath 180

24

Schematic Diagram for Lucknow Area Diagram Lucknow for Schematic T.G.P.S Drain T.G.P.S 300 Gomati River 23

900

Laplace Hanuman SETU Hanuman 11 220

22 460 Bazar China

10 Arts College Arts 470

21 Ghasiyari Mandi Ghasiyari 370

9 650 Wazirganj

100

8 20 D/S Daliganj 180 10

19

Daliganj U/S Daliganj 7 Ner D/S Ner 220

18 Mohan Meakin Mohan

50

6 Ner U/S Ner 850

100

17 Khadra Rooppur

5 Pata 4&

1,650 16 Ganj Mahash GoAP-1

1,350 Ner U/S Ner

3 STP 450 2 1& 2,000 A

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.6.2 Schematic Diagram for Lucknow

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-199 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Sambhal, Budaun, Bijnor, Chandapur,Chandausi, /d kg 0 Sahaswan and so on ,00 42

Farrukabad 10 ,000 22,000

14,000 Kalinadi River 42,000 Ramganga River 9 ,000 Kannauj 54,000

8 Unnao 3,0 Legend Kanpur 00

0 ,00 9 : City/Town

: Pollution Generation (Point Sourse)

: Pollution Runoff (Tributatry)

Allahabad : Pollution Runoff (Main Stem) 62,000 37, 000

Sitapur and 10 Lakhimpur ,00 114,000 0 1,000 Yamuna River

84 ,000

Tons River 17,000 Lucknow 10, 000

Mirzapur cum Vindhac 180,000 and Bhadohi Jaunpur,Barabanki

0 and Sultanpur ,00 32 20, 000

Varanasi 7,000 Sai River 173,000

30,000 Gomati River

Unit: BOD kg/d

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Figure B.7.1 Pollution Impact against Ganga River (Domestic Pollution Load) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-200 74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY UPPER YAMUNA I MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER

UPPER GANGA I DEHRADUN

30°0'0"N YAMUNANAGAR HARDWAR RISHIKESH 30°0'0"N KAITHAL SAHARANPUR KARNAL

SIRSA NAJIBABAD

SHAMLI NAGINA PANIPAT KAIRANA JIND HINDO N BIJNOR MUZ AFFARNAG AR HIS AR KATHGODAM KAS HIPUR UPPER YAMUNA II CHANDPUR BARAUT MAWANA

SONIPAT MEERUT ROHTAK AMROHA BHIWANI MODINAGAR MOR ADABAD RAMPUR PILKHUAHAPUR RAMGANGA NEW DELHI GHAZIABAD PILIBHIT SAMBHAL BAHADURGARH GURGAON FARIDABAD CHANDAUSI

BAREILLY

REWARI KHURJABULANDSHAHR PALWAL UPPER GANGA II NARNAUL JHUNJHUNUN SAHASWAN 28°0'0"N BUDAUN 28°0'0"N NAWALGARH ALIGARH

KAS GANJ KALINADI SHAHJAHANPUR ALWAR SHAHABAD HATHRAS MATHUR A ETAH SITAPUR

UPPER YAMUNA III HARDOI UPPER GOMATI

BHARATPUR AGRA MAINP UR I FARRUKHABAD FIROZABAD

KANNAUJ JAIPUR SHIKOHABAD

LUCKNO W HINDAUN ETAWAH MIDDLE GANG A I DHAULPUR BARA BANKI

BHIND UNNAO MO R ENA AURAIYA KANP UR

MIDDLE GANGA II TONK LOWER GOMATI GWALIOR SAI 26°0'0"N SULTANPUR RAE BARELI 26°0'0"N SIND ORAI FATEHPUR BELA SAWAIMADHOPUR

JAUNPUR DATIA MIDDLE GANG A III BUNDI BHILWARA BANDA SHIVPURI JHANSI ALLAHABAD LOWER YAMUNA BHADOHI VARANASI KOTA MAHOBA MIDDLE GANG A IV

MIRZAPUR BARANA CHAMBAL

CHITTAURGARH

TIKAMGARH CHHATARPUR GUNA LALITP UR

BETWA KEN

24°0'0"N MANDS AUR 24°0'0"N

SAGAR DAMOH JAORA

NAGDA VIDIS HA

BHOPAL UJJAINIYA SEHORE

DEWAS

INDORE

74°0'0"E 76°0'0"E 78°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 82°0'0"E 84°0'0"E 86°0'0"E 88°0'0"E LEGEND SCALE-1:2,000,000 POPULATION 2001 GANGA RIVER < 2,00,000 050 100 200 YAMUNA Kilo me te rs OTHER RIVER 2,00,001 - 5,00,000 FIGURE B.7.2 CITY LOCATION OF UPSTREAM AREA OF GANGA BASIN S UB BAS IN BO UNDARY 5,00,001 - 10,00,000 50 KM BUFFER OF GANGA RIVER 10,00,001 - 15,00,000 50 KM BUFFER OF YAMUNA RIVER > 15,00,000

B-201 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

H H

Dehra Dun, Solan, Shimla, Sirmau 1-3 21-23 Rishikesh,Hardwar 4 Najbabad a

Yamunagar, Kurukshetra 24-25 5 Bijnor

Karnal, Kaithal 26-27 6 Chandpur Ganga River

Panipat, Kairana, Baghpat, Baraut 28-31 7 Sambhal

Rohtak, Sonipat 32-35 8 Chandausi

Delhi 36 37 Noida 9 Sahaswan Rewari, Gurgaon i 38-39 10 Budaun Farrukabad cum Faridabad 40 Fate 5 11 Khurja, Palwal 41-42 Hidon River Ramganga River Karinadi River Mathura 43 2 1 j Kannauj 19 12 Baharatpur 45 44 Hathras b Agra 46 Yamuna River k Gomati River 47 Firozabad

c 48 Mainpuri 61 Sitapur 13

49 Etawah Kanpur d Unnao l 14 6 Chambal River

7 50 Auraiya Sind River 8 n Fatepur Betwa River Allahabad e Lucknow 62 9 51 15 o Ken River m 63 Barabanku f

3 Sultanpur Legend Tons River 16 Bhadhoi Mirzapur 17 64 g

: Evaluation Point 18 10 h Varanasi Sai River : Major Tributary p : Point Pollution Load 65 19 Jaunpur

9 4 Ghazipur Ganga : 1-19 Karmanasa River

Yamuna : 21-51

Buxar Gomati : 61-65

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Fig.B.7.3 Schematic Diagram for FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Simulation of Faecal Coliform (QUAL2E Model) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-202 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Coliform (MPN/100ml) Ganga Main Actual Data Simulated Data 1.E+09 l r 1.E+08 r Varanasi a Kanpu

1.E+07 Kannau Allahabad

1.E+06 Buxar r

1.E+05 Garhmukteshw 1.E+04 Hardwa

1.E+03

1.E+02

1.E+01 200 500 800 1100 1400 Distance from River Head (km)

Actual Data T-C (MPN/100ml) Yamuna Main Simulated Data

1.E+08

1.E+07 Delhi Agra Mathura

1.E+06 Etawah

1.E+05 Allahabad 1.E+04

1.E+03

1.E+02 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Distance from River Head (km)

Actual Data Coliform (MPN/100ml) Gomati River Simulated Data

1.E+07

1.E+06 Sitapur 1.E+05

1.E+04 Jaunpur Varanasi 1.E+03 Lucknow

1.E+02 50 200 350 500 Distance from River Head (km)

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Figure B.7.4 Simulated Longitudinal Profile of Coliform Number (2001) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-203 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without 2001 1.E+07 j i

1.E+06 Kanpur Kannau Varanas

1.E+05 Allahabad Buxar

1.E+04 Garhmukteshwar Hardwar

1.E+03

1.E+02 200 500 800 1100 1400 Distance from River Head (km)

T-C (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without 2001 1.E+08 Agra Delhi 1.E+07 Mathura

1.E+06 Etawah

1.E+05 Allahabad

1.E+04

1.E+03

1.E+02 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Distance from River Head (km)

Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2030 Without 2001 1.E+07

1.E+06

1.E+05 Sitapur

1.E+04 r Jaunpu

1.E+03 Varanasi Lucknow

1.E+02 50 200 350 500 Distance from River Head (km)

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure B.7.5 Simulated Longitudinal FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Profile of Coliform Number (Existing &2030 Without) JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-204 80°8'0"E 80°10'0"E 80°12'0"E 80°14'0"E 80°16'0"E 80°18'0"E 80°20'0"E 80°22'0"E 80°24'0"E 80°26'0"E 80°28'0"E 1146 1146

26°36'0"N 26°36'0"N

KANPUR

26°34'0"N 26°34'0"N

26°32'0"N INDEX MA P 26°32'0"N

26°30'0"N 26°30'0"N

Lege nd CPCB River Monitoring Stations 10671067 Munic ipa l_ Bo undary 26°28'0"N CANTONMENT 26°28'0"N River Bed River Channel Sand Bar CANTONMENT

26°26'0"N G A 26°26'0"N N G A 1068

26°24'0"N 26°24'0"N

26°22'0"N 26°22'0"N

02461 Kilo meters 80°8'0"E 80°10'0"E 80°12'0"E 80°14'0"E 80°16'0"E 80°18'0"E 80°20'0"E 80°22'0"E 80°24'0"E 80°26'0"E 80°28'0"E JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PROJECT LOCATION FIGURE B.7.6

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN KANPUR CITY LOCATION OF CPCB MONITORING STATIONS CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA ON RIVER GANGA

B-205 81°45'0"E 81°47'30"E 81°50'0"E 81°52'30"E 81°55'0"E

25°32'30"N 25°32'30"N

ALLAHABAD

1046 1046

25°30'0"N 25°30'0"N

INDEX MAP

CANTONMENT

A GANG

25°27'30"N Lege nd 25°27'30"N CPCB River Monitoring Stations CANTONMENT Munic ipa l Bo undary River Bed River Channel Sand Bar

CANTONMENT

1129 1129

10691069 25°25'0"N 25°25'0"N

1049

A G N A U N M A G Y A

01230.5 Kilo me te rs 81°45'0"E 81°47'30"E 81°50'0"E 81°52'30"E 81°55'0"E

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PROJECT LOCATION FIGURE B.7.7

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN ALLAHABAD CITY LOCATION OF CPCB MONITORING STATIONS CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA ON RIVER YAMUNA &GANGA

B-206 82°55'0"E 82°57'30"E 83°60'0"E 83°2'30"E 83°5'0"E

25°22'30"N

25°22'30"N VARANASI

INDEX MAP

VARUNA

25°20'0"N

25°20'0"N 1071

Lege nd GA CPCB River Monitoring Stations AN G M_ b o undary_ ve r2 River Bed River Channel Sand Bar

25°17'30"N

25°17'30"N

1070 1070

25°15'0"N

25°15'0"N

01230.5

82°55'0"E 82°57'30"E 83°60'0"E 83°2'30"E 83°5'0"E Kilo me te rs

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PROJECT LOCATION FIGURE B.7.8

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN VARANASI CITY LOCATION OF CPCB MONITORING STATIONS CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA ON RIVER GANGA

B-207 80°50'0"E 80°52'30"E 80°55'0"E 80°57'30"E 81°0'0"E 81°2'30"E

26°55'0"N 26°55'0"N

LUCKNOW

1 INDEX MAP

26°52'30"N 13511351 26°52'30"N

2 3 1352

4 5 6

26°50'0"N 26°50'0"N Leg end CPCB River Monitoring Stations UPPCB Lucknow Monitoring Station GOMATI River wardBOUNDARY

1 Manjhi Ghat 2 Gau Ghat 3 Mohan Meakins Nala D/S 4 D/S Nishatganj Bridge 5 U/S Barage 26°47'30"N 26°47'30"N 6 Pipraghat (D/S Lucknow)

26°45'0"N 26°45'0"N

01230.5 Kilo me te rs

80°50'0"E 80°52'30"E 80°55'0"E 80°57'30"E 81°0'0"E 81°2'30"E

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PROJECT LOCATION FIGURE B.7.9

TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO. LIMITED THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN LUCKNOW CITY LOCATION OF CPCB MONITORING STATIONS CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LIMITED FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA ON RIVER GOMATI

B-208 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan

Improvement of Sewerage

Improvement of Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Facilities and Gappei Joukasou

Improvement of Livestock Excrement Disposing Water Quality Facilities Preserving Projects Improvement of Waste Disposing Facilities

Purification of Lake Water (Removal of aquatic plants, dredging of sediment)

Purification of In-flowing Rivers (Dredging of riverbed sediment and direct purification at the estuary areas)

Measures for Drain from Factories and Businesses)

Conservation of Lake Measures for Household Drain (Management of septic tanks for night soil and grey water) Biwa Water Quality

Measures for Livestock (Restoration of excrement to Regulation and farmland and management of cattle sheds) other Measures

Measures for Aquaculture (Regulation on aqualculture facilities and its use)

Measures for Farmland and Urban Districts (Management of Fertilizer, Cleaning of Wastewater of Waterways and Housing Land)

Preservation of Natural Environment of Lake Shores (Study on natural environment and preservation of green zone)

Lake Water Quality Monitoring (Regular research and improvement of automatic monitoring stations)

Promotion of Research and Studies (Studies of the mechanism of corruption and function of natural purification) Other Plans

Diffusion and Enlightenment (Publicity on the current condition of water quality and measures)

Assistance to Enterprises (Financing for installing Wastewater Treatment Plants

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Figure B.7.10 Pollution Control Scheme in Japan JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

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THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.8.1 Organization Chart of CPCB JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-210 Final Report on Water Quality Management for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan Azamgarh Computer Circle IX Sharanpur Aligarh Circle VIII Circle Faizabad Circle VII Mathura Circle VI Agra Circle V Circle Moradabad Circle IV Circle Meerut Jhansi Circle III Chairman Member Secretary Member Noida Regional Officer Regional Regional Office Regional Circle II Allahabad Circle I Circle Bareli Chief Environmental officers / Chief accounts Officer Chief / Environmental officers Chief Environmental Engineers / Scientific Officers Officers / Law Laboratory Organizational Structure of U.P. Pollution Control Board Ghaziabad Cess II Kanpur Cess I Rai-Bareli Law Gorakhpur Accountants Varanasi Lucknow Administration

THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA Fig. B.8.2 Organization Chart of UPPCB JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

B-211 Appendix C

APPENDIX C RELEVANT RIVER ACTION PLANS

Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL...... C-1

1.1 Foreword...... C-1 1.2 Historical Stakeholder...... C-3

CHAPTER 2 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I ...... C-4

CHAPTER 3 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-II (GAP-II)...... C-8

3.1 GAP-II (Main Stem and S/C Towns) ...... C-8 3.2 Gomati Action Plan Phase-I and Phase-II...... C-8 3.3 Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I and Phase-II...... C-9

CHAPTER 4 DONOR AND NGO’S ACTIVITIES ...... C-13

4.1 The Royal Government of Netherlands ...... C-13 4.2 The United State of America...... C-13 4.3 The United Kingdom ...... C-13 4.4 The Government of Japan...... C-14 4.5 Other Countries / International Agency ...... C-14 4.6 NGOs ...... C-14

i

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 River Action Plans in Ganga River Basin...... C-2 Table 1.2 Sanctioned and commissioned capacity of various pollution control infrastructures in different Action Plans...... C-3 Table 2.1 Distribution of completed schemes by type and state under GAP-I...... C-4 Table 2.2 Key details of works undertaken in different schemes of GAP-I ...... C-4 Table 2.3 Capacity of Wastewater Treatment under GAP-I ...... C-5 Table 2.4 Details about Sewage Treatment Plant under GAP-I...... C-6 Table 3.1 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II (Main Stem) ...... C-8 Table 3.2 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II(Supreme Court Towns) (As on 31 January 2003)...... C-8 Table 3.3 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GoAP-I ...... C-9 Table 3.4 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP-I...... C-10 Table 3.5 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP Extended Phase ...... C-10 Table 3.6 Key details of various types of schemes under YAP ...... C-10 Table 3.7 Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant under YAP ...... C-11 Table 4.1 Part of the Project Carried out under External Assistance...... C-13

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CHAPTER 1 GENERAL

1.1 FOREWORD

With the increase in population, there has been increase in demand of food and fiber. This resulted into the practice of intensive agriculture. The greater emphasis on agricultural growth and rapid pace of industrialization for overall development has brought in a host of environmental problems in recent years in India. Financial and technological constraints have led to lack of efficient conversion processes, thereby leading to generation of larger quantities of waste and hence additional pollution load being discharged into water bodies. The water pollution issues have been further compounded by high concentration of industries in certain regions and skewed distribution of rainfall. Realizing the importance of qualitative and quantitative conservation of natural resources including water, Government of India has enacted a number of laws to deal with arising pollution problems and to ensure a healthy water environment in the country. Some of the legislations dealing with water pollution control can be listed as follows:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – This act deals with establishment of an institutional structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water quality and effluent. According to this law, polluting industries must seek permission to discharge waste into effluent bodies. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted under this act. • The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 – This act provides for the levy and collection of cess or fees on water consuming industries and local authorities. • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 – This act authorizes the central government to protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources, and prohibit or restrict the setting and/or operation of any industrial facility on environmental grounds. • The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 – This law lays down procedures for setting standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.

These laws empowered national bodies and state level counterparts to lay down and maintain ambient water standards, to demand details regarding effluent emissions, to prohibit polluting activities and to prevent new effluent discharges.

The water quality of River Ganga has gradually deteriorated with the increased human activities in the basin area and along its riverbanks. In order to prevent pollution of the Ganga River and improve its water quality, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was formulated on the basis of a comprehensive study of the Ganga Basin carried out by CPCB in the year 1984 and GAP was launched in June 1985. Since 1985, a number of River Action Plans have been undertaken in the Ganga river basin for the pollution abatement into Ganga River and its tributaries. These Action Plans with their duration of implementation and approved costs are listed in Table 1.1.

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Table 1.1 River Action Plans in Ganga River Basin

River Action Plan Date of Start Date of Cost Approved Completion (Billion Rs.) A. Ganga Action Plan Phase – I June, 1985 March, 2000 4.6204 B. Ganga Action Plan Phase II 1. Gomati Action Plan April, 1993 March, 1999 0.6111 2. Yamuna Action Plan April, 1993 April, 2002 5.0945 3. GAP-II (main stem) July, 1995 December, 2001 3.9616 4. GAP-II (S/C town) October, 1996 February, 1999 2.2095 5. Damodar Action Plan October, 1996 December, 2001 0.2358 6. Extended Yamuna Action Plan May, 2001 February, 2003 2.2260 7. CETP for Calcutta Tanneries (S/C order July, 1995 December, 2005 0.65 C. National River Conservation Plan July, 1995 December, 2005 33.2942 Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi 2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

In addition to GAP Phase-I, other projects have also been implemented under GAP Phase-II to control pollution in various tributaries of Ganga River such as Gomati Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan, Damodar Action Plan, GAP-II (main stem), GAP-II (S/C towns), etc. The implementation of National River Action Plan in other States of India has been undertaken to control pollution in various regions of the country to emphasize the need of maintaining hygienic environment in and around water bodies. The amount of wastewater to be intercepted, diverted or treated and capacity of commissioned STP under different River Action Plans have been given in the Table 1.2.

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Table 1.2 Sanctioned and commissioned capacity of various pollution control infrastructures in different Action Plans Waste Water to Capacity Capacity Sanctioned be Intercepted, Commissione Commissioned River Action Plan Capacity of Remarks Diverted and d for I & D, for Treatment, STP, MLD Treated, MLD MLD MLD A. Ganga Action Plan 882 882 800.19 865 Covered 25 class I Phase – I towns in 3 states B. Ganga Action Plan Phase – II 1. Yamuna Action Plan 743.25 724.25 21 towns covered (34 STPs) (28 STPs) in 3 states 2. Extended Yamuna 724.25 19 15 towns covered Action Plan (6 STPs) in 3 states 3. Gomati Action Plan 269 3 towns covered in 1 state 4. Damodar Action 67.53 12 towns covered Plan in 2 states 5. GAP-II (main stem) 588.4 29 towns covered in 4 states 6. GAP-II (S/C town) 7. CETP for Calcutta 161.68 30 towns covered Tanneries (S/C order in 3 states C. National River 2455.47 61 towns in 11 Conservation Plan states covered Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi 2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

1.2 HISTORICAL STAKEHOLDER

Based on the results of the Comprehensive study report prepared by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1984, Government of India (GOI) constituted the “Central Ganga Authority” (GAA) with the Prime Minister of India as the Chairman and Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh (UP), Bihar and West Bengal along with some selected Union Ministers and Secretaries as its members in February 1985. The purpose was to initiate actions to prevent pollution of Ganga River under the scheme named “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP). After the formation of GAA, “Ganga Project Directorate” (GPD) was established as a wing of the Department of Environment to appraise and clear the projects, to release funds and to coordinate various activities under Action Plan. Further, the Urban Development Department and Environment Department were identified as the nodal agencies at state levels. The different state government agencies like Public Health Engineering Departments (PHED), State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB), Development Authorities and Local Bodies, etc., were identified as executing agencies under the supervision of the nodal department.

With the formation of coordinating agencies, GAP was launched in 1985 to expedite the smooth implementation of pollution control project for the entire Ganga basin, which encompassed about 840,000 km2 (in the Indian Territory) with around 2,500 km length from Devprayag to the Bay of Bengal. Meanwhile, the Monitoring Committee of CPCB designated Environment Standard for river water quality such as BOD5, DO, Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) in 1987. During past decade, several other funding agencies and authorities have been involved with the implementation of various basin-wide river pollution control programs like Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), Gomati Action Plan (GoAP), etc.

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CHAPTER 2 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I

The objective of GAP-I was pollution abatement to improve the water quality of River Ganga by interception and diversion of domestic sewage, treatment of sewage before disposal into water bodies, and control of nonpoint sources pollution from human defecation and agricultural runoff. The purpose was also to conserve the biodiversity of the river by integrated river basin management approach, and to get experience for planning similar pollution control programs for other rivers. Different kinds of activities were planned for the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal under GAP-I and altogether 25 class-I cities (population over 0.1 million) were covered in these 3 states (Tables 1.2 and 2.4). The number of sanctioned and completed schemes for each category under GAP-I has been given in Table 2.1. To accomplish the task of pollution abatement in this plan, a total of 259 schemes were completed out of 261 sanctioned schemes (Table 2.1). The total approved cost for this project was INR 4.62 billion (INR 462.0 crore).

Table 2.1 Distribution of completed schemes by type and state under GAP-I

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Bihar West Bengal Total Sewage Interception & Diversion 40 (40) 17 (17) 31 (31) 88 (88) Sewage Treatment Plants 13 (13) 5 (7) 15 (15) 33 (35) Low Cost Sanitation 14 (14) 7 (7) 22 (22) 43 (43) Crematoria 3 (3) 8 (8) 17 (17) 28 (28) River Front Facilities 8 (8) 3 (3) 24 (24) 35 (35) Other Schemes 28 (28) 3 (3) 1 (1) 32 (32) Total 106 (106) 43 (45) 110 (110) 259 (261) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003 Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi 2. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

Brief information on various types of facilities developed during GAP-I has been given in Table 2.2. These activities included construction, improvement and installation of sewage interception and diversion, sewage treatment plants, low cost sanitation, crematoria, river front facilities and other facilities.

In the Ganga River basin, total amount of generated wastewater was estimated to be 1,340 MLD in 1985 (Table 2.3). Out of this, 882 MLD was planned to be intercepted, diverted or treated in GAP Phase-I. In addition to this, 478 MLD is planned to be intercepted/diverted or treated in GAP Phase-II. The capacity and type of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) installed or improved under GAP Phase-I in 25 class-I cities of 3 states are given in Table 2.4. Total created capacity of STPs installed or modified in GAP Phase-I is 882 MLD (Table 2.4).

Table 2.2 Key details of works undertaken in different schemes of GAP-I

Sanctioned Number of Schemes Length of Sewers (km) States Cost Sanctioned Completed Ongoing Sanctioned Completed Ongoing (Billion Rs.) A. Interception and Diversion Uttar Pradesh 0.4239 40 40 0 136 136 0 Bihar 0.1970 1717 0 59.34 53.71 5.63 West Bengal 0.8414 31 31 0 175.66 173.14 2.52 Sub Total 1.4622 88 88 0 371.00 362.85 8.15 Main Pumping Station Uttar Pradesh 33 25 8

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Bihar 2727 0 West Bengal 68 65 3 Sub Total 128 117 11 B. Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity toCapacity be created,created, MLD MLD Uttar Pradesh 1.0225 13 13 0 375.09 375.09 Bihar 0.1902 7 5 2 135.5 118.0 West Bengal 0.7361 15 15 0 371.6 371.6 Sub Total 1.9488 35 33 2 882.19 864.69 C. Low Cost Sanitation Number of units/seats in Community Toilets Uttar Pradesh 0.1000 14 14 0 189/2520 183/2490 0 Bihar 0.0550 7 7 0 116/1528 116/1523 0 West Bengal 0.0679 22 22 0 2458/2724 2458/2724 0 Sub Total 0.2229 43 43 0 2763/6772 2757/6737 Number of units/seats in Individual Toilets Uttar Pradesh 24965 22587 0 Bihar 6725 6725 0 West Bengal 20710 20698 0 Sub Total 52400 50010 D. Crematoria Number of Crematoria Uttar Pradesh 0.0197 3 3 0 3 3 0 Bihar 0.0372 8 8 0 8 8 0 West Bengal 0.0781 17 17 0 17 17 0 Sub Total 0.135 28 28 0 28 28 0 To be Developed Ongoing E. Bathing Ghat developed Uttar Pradesh 0.0637 8 8 0 44 43 Bihar 0.0087 3 3 0 10 10 West Bengal 0.0678 24 24 0 75 75 Sub Total 0.1402 35 35 0 129 128

Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

Table 2.3 Capacity of Wastewater Treatment under GAP-I

Total Completed till March, Quantity to be Planned for Wastewater 2003, MLD States intercepted/diverted GAP Phase – II, from Class I /treated, MLD MLD I & D Treated towns, MLD Uttar Pradesh 679.6 375.09 362 375.09 375.09 Bihar 132.7 135.5 21.7 135.5 118 West Bengal 527.5 371.6 94 289.6 371.6 Total 1339.8 882.19 477.7 800.19 864.69 The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003 Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

The generated wastewater load in year 1985 (1,340 MLD) was based on the population in that year.

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There has been around 35% increase in population from 1985 to 2001 and assuming increase in wastewater generation in the same ratio, the total wastewater generated should be around 1810 MLD in the year 2001. Therefore further installation of wastewater treatment facilities will be needed to cope up with the increased effluent loads.

During implementation of GAP Phase-I, there were some setbacks. There were some instances of land acquisition problems. In some cases, contractor was not capable enough to continue working with the project and they left the work after being paid some advance money. There were also some hindrances due to legal suits filed. There were some cases of budget delays after CCEA approval of the budget and hence the work was affected. Due to lack of finance or capability, the operation and maintenance of many of STPs were not up to the mark. There were instances of power supply interruption due to financial problems and in such cases the STPs could not operate. Higher amount of BOD load were discharged into river than expected due to poor maintenance of the infrastructures. The performance of project was influenced negatively by the lack of public awareness, hygienic awareness and due to higher illiteracy. Crematoria were not much in use due to private financial maters in few cases. Out of 119 private enterprises and factories located in the Ganga basin, 73 factories were found to discharge their wastewater without effluent treatment. Most of the effluent treated water is discharged into river without disinfections thereby increasing Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) concentration of river water. Activities like open defecation, throwing of dead animals adds to increasing TC and FC. Therefore, there is need to plan for the pollution abatement in the basin, taking care of these obstacles and setbacks. There is a need to implement effective plans for proper maintenance and operation of infrastructures to prevent pollution of river water.

Table 2.4 Details about Sewage Treatment Plant under GAP-I

Town Capacity, MLD Type Completion Date Old New Uttar Pradesh 1. Kankhal, Hardwar 0 18 ASP 30 March, 1996 2. Swargashram-Rishikesh 0 0.33 RBRC 31 March, 1991 3. Lakkar Ghat, Rishikesh 0 6 OP 30 June, 1990 4. Farukhabad 0 3.96 OP 31 March, 1993 5. Kanpur 0 36 UASB 30 April, 1996 6. Chrome Recovery Pilot Plant, 0 0.0045 15 January, 1989 Kanpur 7. Kanpur 0 130 ASP 1997 8. Kanpur 0 5 UASB 30 April, 1996 9. Allahabad 0 60 ASP 31 March, 1999 10. Mirzapur 0 14 UASB 31 December, 1993 11. Varanasi, BHU 1.8 8 ASP (both) 31 January, 1990 12. Varanasi, Dinapur 0 80 ASP 31 December, 1993 13. Varanasi, SPT, DLW 0 12 ASP 31 January, 1989 Sub Total 1.8 373.294 Bihar 14. Chapra 0 2 OP 31 December, 1999 15. Patna, Eastern Zone 0 4 OP 16. Patna, Saidpur 28 17 ASP (both) 31 December, 1999 17. Patna, Beur 20 15 ASP (both) 31 December, 1993 18. Patna, Southern Zone 0 25 AL 30 June, 1994 19. Munger 0 13.5 AL 20. Bhagalpur 0 11 AL 30 June, 1994

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Sub Total 48 87.5 West Bengal 21. Chandannagar 4.54 18.16 OP (old), TF (new) 31 January, 1993 22. Behrampore 0 4 OP 31 March, 1993 23. Nabadwip 0 4 OP 31 March, 1993 24. Kalyani 11 6 TF (old), OP (new) 31 March, 1992 25. Bhatpara Gr. E 0 10 OP 31 March, 1995 26. Bhatpara, Gr. B 8.5 10 ASP (both) 31 March, 1994 4.5 ASP 27. Titagarh 4.5 14 OP (both) 31 March, 1993 4.5 ASP 28. Panihati 0 12 OP 31 December, 1993 29. Baranagar, Kamarhati 0 40 TF 31 March, 1994 30. Garden Reach 0 47 ASP 31 December, 1996 31. South Suburban (E) 0 30 OP 32. Howrah 45 0 TF 31 December, 1991 33. Serampore 18.9 0 TF 31 March, 1993 34. Bally 0 30 OP 31 October, 1994 35. Cossipore – Chitpur 0 45 ASP 1997 Sub Total 101.44 270.16 Total 151.24 730.95 Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-1, July, 2002, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

Nevertheless, the impact of GAP Phase-I has been generally observed to be positive in the middle stretch of the Ganga River in the cities of Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi. In these cities, DO measure (an indicator of water quality) continued to decline up to 1992 but has improved thereafter. However, in some cases it still did not meet the prescribed standard of BOD of 3 mg/l because of lack of treatment capacity of the cities and lower volume of minimum flow of river itself in dry season.

After completion of Phase-I, it has been felt necessary to extend the Ganga Action Plan and to apply similar Action Plans to other major cities located on the bank of Ganga River in order to control pollution load flow into the rivers. Consequently, River Action Plans have been applied to other major rivers of the country under the two schemes of GAP Phase-II and the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). The total approved cost for GAP Phase-II is around INR 14.966 billion (INR 1496.6 crore). Under GAP Phase-II many action plans such as Gomati Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan, Damodar Action Plan, GAP-II (main stem), GAP-II (S/C town), etc. has been taken up (Table 1.1).

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CHAPTER 3 GANGA ACTION PLAN PHASE-II (GAP-II)

3.1 GAP-II (MAIN STEM AND S/C TOWNS)

Measures related to pollution control were also implemented in the main stem of Ganga River and some other towns as instructed by the Supreme Court. Tables 3.1 and 3.2 present numbers of such activities under each category that were completed and sanctioned for the two cases. GAP-II (Main Stem) has been implemented from July 1995 to December 2001 covering 29 towns of 4 states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar and West Bengal. In this plan one STP of 32 MLD capacity was completed in Haridwar-Rishikesh. Under GAP-II (Main Stem), it was planned to intercept/divert or treat around 588 MLD of wastewater. However, in this plan along the main stem of Ganga River altogether only 12 schemes have been completed out of 73 sanctioned schemes.

Under GAP-II (S/C Towns), pollution control measures are planned to be implemented in 30 different cities that have been directed by the Supreme Court. In this programme, most of the schemes deal with interception and diversion works, low cost sanitation and river front development works. It is also planned to take up 2 STP works in Uttaranchal and 8 STP works in West Bengal and are yet to be completed. Altogether, only 6 schemes have been completed out of 73 sanctioned schemes during October 1996 to February 1999.

Table 3.1 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II (Main Stem) (As on 31 January 2003) Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Bihar West Bengal Total Interception & Diversion 4 (13) 2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (12) 6 (27) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (2) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (2) 1 (5) Low Cost Sanitation 3 (5) 0 (1) 0 (8) 0 (0) 3 (14) Crematoria 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (6) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (11) 1 (6) 1 (17) Other Schemes 1 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 1 (4) Total 8 (24) 3 (4) 0 (21) 1 (24) 12 (73) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

Table 3.2 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GAP-II(Supreme Court Towns) (As on 31 January 2003)

Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Bihar West Bengal Total Interception & Diversion 0 (2) 0 (6) 0 (0) 0 (22) 0 (30) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (0) 0 (2) 0 (0) 0 (8) 0 (10) Low Cost Sanitation 0 (3) 0 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (12) Crematoria 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (1) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 6 (6) 0 (0) 0 (13) 6 (19) Other Schemes 0 (0) 0 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (1) Total 0 (5) 6 (24) 0 (0) 0 (44) 6 (73) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

3.2 GOMATI ACTION PLAN PHASE-I AND PHASE-II

To control the pollution load from cities of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Jaunpur into River Gomati, Gomati Action Plan Phase-I (GoAP-I) was implemented from April 1993 to March 1999 with part of the work completed in the city of Lucknow aided by DFID, UK. Total approved cost for this plan was INR 0.61 billion (INR 61.11 crore). River Gomati receives discharge of around 356.03 MLD from 26 city drains in Lucknow. In Phase-I, 15 schemes out of 27 sanctioned schemes were completed (Table 3.3) under different categories of activities. Under these schemes interception and diversion were constructed for

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Gaughat Nala, Nagaria Nala, Sarkata Nala, Pata Nala, Wazirganj Nala and Ghasiyari Mandi Nala. STP with a capacity of 42 MLD was also constructed with FAB technology requiring less area than conventional systems. Two schemes named construction of rising main to Kukrail IPS and interception/diversion of Kukrail Nala are still under consideration. Few activities under interception and diversion, which were sanctioned, are still to be completed (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under GoAP-I (As on 31 January 2003) Type of Scheme Uttar Pradesh Total Interception & Diversion 9 (18) 9 (18) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (2) 0 (2) Low Cost Sanitation 2 (2) 2 (2) Crematoria 2 (2) 2 (2) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) Other Schemes 2 (3) 2 (3) Total 15 (27) 15 (27) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

After the completion of GoAP-I, it has been proposed to undertake Gomati Action plan Phase-II (GoAP-II) so called “Pollution Control of River Gomati at Lucknow” under Integrated Ganga River Basin Management Programme, to be sanctioned by NRCD, MOEF. Under GoAP-II, it has been proposed to intercept & divert the sewage flow carried by drains on upstream of Gomati River to a STP located near the out fall of Sarkata Nala. The remaining flow of 21 drains is to be conveyed to downstream of barrage up to proposed STPs. GoAP-II consists of diversion of 25 drains including 24 SPS, rising main of 37 kilometers length, 21 LCSs and 3 STPs of 412 MLD capacity with costs of INR 317.60 crore (vide “Brief Note on Pollution Control of River Gomati at Lucknow under Integrated Ganga River Basin Management Programme”, March 2002).

Meanwhile, the second phase of GoAP has been sanctioned in May 2003 and is planned to start soon. A total budget of INR 2.6326 billion (INR 263.26 crore) has been estimated for the implementation of this phase of project. Thus the sanctioned activities falls short (INR 54 crore) of what had been proposed and additional work is needed for effective control of pollution into River Gomati. The activities to be carried out under this plan include construction of interception/diversion on 19 sewers, MPS near Gwari culvert, 345 MLD UASB sewage treatment plant near Kakraha, 25 MLD WSP sewage treatment plant and 5 MLD FAB technology based STP at Daulatganj. Other activities also include land acquisition for STP, public awareness, low cost sanitation and afforestation along river.

It is likely that with the execution of priority works, water quality of Gomati River on upstream reaches will be improved but the overall improvement will be only after completion of all the works envisaged in the aforesaid Comprehensive Project.

3.3 YAMUNA ACTION PLAN PHASE-I AND PHASE-II

For water pollution abatement and water quality conservation in Yamuna River, Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I (YAP-I) has been implemented by NRCD from April 1993 to February 2003 (along with the extended phase). YAP-I (along with the extended phase) was funded by JBIC under soft loan amounting INR 7.3205 billion (INR 732.05 crore) and covered 21 towns in 3 states of Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. The details on number of schemes sanctioned and completed under YAP-I and under extended phase have been shown in Tables 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. In this plan, 34 STPs were constructed/installed with their total sewage handling capacity amounting to 743 MLD (Table 3.7) and around 180 km of sewer was constructed (Table 3.6). Other activities include construction of low cost sanitation facilities, crematoria and river front improvements. After the implementation of project, a few deficiencies were observed in the use of developed infrastructures. Low cost sanitation units were observed to be underutilized and the maintenance was also not enough. Therefore, more efforts must be put in to

C-9 Final Report on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River Volume II, River Pollution Management Plan popularize the use of LCS units and to check proper operation and management of these units. The use of crematoria was also not plenty and there is a need of public awareness activity to highlight advantage of using such crematoria and remove social taboos. It is also required to properly monitor the performance of STPs on regular basis and apply the corrective measures if need be. For proper operation and maintenance of pumping stations and STPs, sufficient fund should be allocated to or generated in concerned agencies. Further efforts should be made to improve the impact of Public Participation and Public Awareness programs due emphasis must be given on such schemes. If there is a need, the Institutional and Capacity Building of concerned agencies must be given due attention to improve the performance of pollution control measures.

Table 3.4 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP-I (As on 31 January 2003) Type of Scheme Delhi Haryana Uttar Pradesh Total Interception & Diversion 0 (0) 16 (20) 29 (29) 45 (49) Sewage Treatment Plants 2 (2) 12 (17) 14 (14) 28 (33) Low Cost Sanitation 0 (0) 5 (6) 8 (8) 13 (14) Crematoria 1 (1) 6 (6) 8 (8) 15 (15) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 1 (1) 3 (4) 4 (5) Other Schemes 0 (0) 5 (11) 10 (16) 15 (27) Total 3 (3) 45 (61) 72 (79) 120 (143) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

Table 3.5 Number of sanctioned and completed schemes under YAP Extended Phase (As on 31 January 2003) Type of Scheme Delhi Haryana Uttar Pradesh Total Interception & Diversion 0 (0) 10 (10) 14 (17) 24 (27) Sewage Treatment Plants 0 (5) 10 (10) 16 (20) 26 (35) Low Cost Sanitation 1 (2) 6 (6) 7 (8) 14 (16) Crematoria 1 (1) 0 (1) 1 (2) 2 (4) River Front Facilities 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Other Schemes 0 (1) 2 (2) 6 (9) 8 (12) Total 2 (9) 28 (29) 44 (56) 74 (94) The numbers in ( ) indicate total number of schemes sanctioned till 31 March 2003

Table 3.6 Key details of various types of schemes under YAP

Sanctioned Number of Schemes Length of Sewers (km) States Cost Sanctioned Completed Ongoing Sanctioned Completed Ongoing (Billion Rs.) A. Interception and Diversion Haryana 0.6249 20 16 4 130.8 118.88 11.92 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uttar Pradesh 0.8159 29 29 0 48.1 48.1 0 Sub Total 1.4408 49 45 4 178.9 166.98 11.92 B. Main Pumping Station Haryana 0.2896 9 9 0 22 15 7 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uttar Pradesh 0.2880 5 3 2 38 37 1 Sub Total 0.5776 14 12 2 60 52 8 C. Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity to Capacity Number be created, created, of created MLD MLD STP Haryana 1.1067 16 12 4 322 306.5 11 Delhi 0.1344 2 2 0 20 20 2

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Uttar Pradesh 0.9421 15 15 0 401.25 401.25 15 Sub Total 2.1832 33 29 4 743.25 727.75 28 D. Low Cost Sanitation Number of units/seats Haryana 0.0274 6 5 1 31/560 31/560 0 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uttar Pradesh 0.0515 8 8 0 142/1720 142/1720 0 Sub Total 0.0789 14 13 1 173/2280 173/2280 0 E. Crematoria Number of Furnace Haryana 0.0022 6 6 0 24 24 0 Delhi 0.0414 1 1 0 1 1 0 Uttar Pradesh 0.0069 8 8 0 76 72 4 Sub Total 0.0505 15 15 0 101 97 4 F. Bathing Ghat To be Developed Ongoing developed Haryana 0.0073 1 1 0 2 2 0 Delhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uttar Pradesh 0.0093 4 2 2 5 1 2 Sub Total 0.0166 5 3 2 7 3 2

Table 3.7 Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant under YAP

Town STP Numbers Capacity, MLD Type Haryana 1. Yamunanagar STP-I 10 UASB STP-II 25 UASB 2. Karnal STP-I 40 UASB STP-II 8 OP 3. Panipat STP-I 10 UASB STP-II 35 UASB 4. Sonepat STP-I 30 UASB 5. Gurgaon STP-I 30 UASB 6. Faridabad STP-I 20 UASB STP-II 45 UASB STP-III 50 UASB 7. Chhchhrauli STP 1 OP 8. Gharaunda STP 3 OP 9. Gohana STP 3.5 OP 10. Indri STP 1.5 OP 11. Palwaal STP 9 OP 12. Radaur STP 1 OP Sub Total 17 STPs 322 Delhi 13. Delhi STP-I 10 ASP STP-II 10 ASP Sub Total 2 STPs 20 Uttar Pradesh 14. Saharanpur STP 38 UASB 15. Muzaffarnagar STP 32.5 OP 16. Ghaziabad STP-I 70 UASB 3KT STP-II 56 UASB 17. Noida STP-I 34 UASB STP-II 27 UASB STP-III 9 OP 18. Vrindavan STP-I 4 OP

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STP-II 0.5 OP 19. Mathura STP-I 14.5 OP STP-II 12.5 OP 20. Agra STP-I 78 UASB STP-II 10 OP STP-III 2.25 OP 21. Etawah STP 10 OP Sub Total 15 STPs 401.25 Total 34 STPs 743.25 Reference: 1. M.I.S. Report of Programmes Under National River Conservation Plan, Vol-II, March, 2003, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi

The implementation of YAP-I partially helped in improving the Yamuna river water quality. However, it is necessary to prepare and implement a holistic plan to address the present and future pollution load generated in Yamuna river basin. Based on the YAP-I inventory documents, Yamuna Action Plan Phase-II (YAP-II) is planned to be formulated to undertake the remaining works to accomplish the objectives of the current issues. The draft of YAP-II proposed to NRCD, MOEF consists of the following works for next phase (vide “The Pre-Feasibility Study on Yamuna Action Plan Phase-II”, August 2000).

(1) Works of sewerage, low cost sanitation, crematoria, etc. in additional towns of Haryana and U.P. which were not included in YAP-I and are expected to release their wastewater discharges into Yamuna River due to their high increase of population. In U.P., the additional town covered in the Pre-Feasibility Study is Allahabad City. (2) Additional works in the existing six cities of Haryana and eight cities in U.P to meet the shortfall in capacity due to population growth. The works will include such items as additional sewerage, augmentation in the capacity of STPs to meet the requirement of additional treatment capacity as a result of growth in population, augmentation in low cost sanitation and crematoria schemes. (3) Provision of proper conveying system and a common effluent treatment plant at Panipat in Haryana to treat the industrial effluents from large number of small-scale industries of the city. (4) Identifying the extent of damage to the sewerage system of Delhi and cost required to renovate it. This will be a major step towards restoring the water quality of Yamuna River. (5) Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity in Delhi to meet the gap between the generation of sewage and present installed capacity. (6) Identifying the extent of pollution created by the slums located in the riverbed of Yamuna in Delhi and to assess the cost involved in their rehabilitation. (7) Provision of suitable disinfection system in all the STPs constructed under YAP-I and to be constructed under YAP-II. (8) Provision for public participation and awareness to make the programme sustainable by involving active participation of local bodies. (9) Provision of institutional strengthening of agencies responsible for execution of plan and operation and management of infrastructures to make the program self-sustainable.

The execution of Phase-II plan will help conserving hygienic environment in River Yamuna and its basin in particular and subsequently will help improving the water quality of River Ganga in general.

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CHAPTER 4 DONOR AND NGO’S ACTIVITIES

There are three projects in the Study area supported by grants/loans from donor countries and are presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Part of the Project Carried out under External Assistance

Project Date of Start Date of Completion Grant Amount (Billion Rs.) A. Dutch Assistance (under GAPII) 1. GAP Support Project in Kanpur October, 1997 December, 2004 1.05 B. British Assistance (DFID), UK 1. Cost Benefit Analysis of GAP-I February, 1996 February, 1997 0.00572 2. Pollution Abatement Works in September, 1995 January, 1999 0.209 Lucknow under Gomati Action Plan C. Japanese Assistance (OECF) 1. Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) December, 1992 February, 2003 4.01

4.1 THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS

According to basic principal of grant aid project in India, the Royal Government of Netherlands will assist the GAP-I and GAP-II projects on national level. During past few years, the Royal Government of Netherlands has assisted to implement interception, diversion and STP project along the Ganga River. Total support from the Royal Government of Netherlands amounts to INR 1.05 billion (INR 105 crore). The remaining activities to be covered under this grant are to intercept, divert or install STP in the southern city of Kanpur flowing to Pandu River, tributary of Ganga, and include 200 MLD sewerage treatment, low cost sanitation, solid waste management and water supply renovation.

Apart from STP project, Royal Government of the Netherlands carried out the study report on “Hazardous Waste Disposal at Rooma” for chromium removal measure. It will continue to assist the implementation of project till year 2004 and subsequently will shift their support to the states of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Gujarat.

4.2 THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

The USA funded preparation of the Feasibility Study Report of the Sewerage Project in Varanasi City in May 1997. However, it was not approved by the government. The proposed components consisted of gravitational sewer along Ganga and Varuna Rivers and so called Advanced Integrated Wastewater Ponding System (AIWPS).

4.3 THE UNITED KINGDOM

The Government of United Kingdom provided grant assistance aid to the Government of India especially in four states mainly for environmental and/or sanitary development study. Under this aid programme, DFID has formulated the master plan named “Urban Environmental Services Master Plan for Lucknow” in the year 1997. However, DFID has been eventually obliged to change their aid strategy for the Uttar Pradesh State due to some management matters and it has not implemented any scheme ever since 1997.

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4.4 THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN

The implementation of Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I (YAP-I) has eventually completed in March 2003 with the extension of soft component, i.e., non-sewerage scheme undertaken by JBIC, Government of Japan. Further YAP Phase-II is planned by the Government of Japan. For implementation of YAP-II, loan agreement has been extended by JBIC in March 2003.

4.5 OTHER COUNTRIES / INTERNATIONAL AGENCY

(1) World Bank

The World Bank (WB) has loaned a part of the Ganga Action Plan Phase-I from December 1987 to March 1996 for priority pollution control works in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. This project also included procurement of equipments for pollution abatement and training of staff of GPD and its implementing agencies. The World Bank is also aiding preparation of Environmental Report in Uttar Pradesh in order to understand the current status of various components of environment. The Final report is due to be submitted in 2003 to the NRCD, MoEF and Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) UP State. In addition, WB is also planning to support the organization of seminars, workshops, activities related to Public Participation and Public Awareness in Lucknow in the near future.

(2) ADB

According to its strategy, ADB has actively financed for several states in the southern part of India. However, there does not seem to be any sewerage project or non-sewerage scheme being supported by ADB in Ganga River basin especially for four cities. However, there are possibilities of ADB co-financing project with international funding agency such as JBIC and WB in the near future for development works in Ganga Basin. Therefore, it is important to observe and follow the ADB’s trend with time for soft loan towards the implementation of Ganga River Basin Project.

4.6 NGOs

In this country, there are many Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) for working on various scheme and several NGOs are good at implementing the hard field of sewerage project as well as soft field like organization of workshops, seminars, activate people participation, etc. The following sections describe in brief about various NGOs dealing with few activities related to the Ganga river basin.

(1) Sankat Mochan Foundation (SMF)

SMF, located in the Varanasi City, has been involved with the USAID project in the Varanasi city. SMF together with some expert recommended the typical treatment system for domestic wastewater for the improvement of sewerage system in the city of Varanasi.

(2) Sulabh International

This NGO body, Sulabh International is mainly carrying out the operation and maintenance (O&M) of LCS and/or public toilet facilities. Sulabh International had good experience of construction of LCS in India especially through YAP-1 project.

(3) Other NGOs

Few dedicated NGOs have been involved with the maintenance of bathing Ghats in Varanasi city and Dhobi Ghats in Lucknow city on their own. However, there does not seem to be any on-going project related to such activities in the Ganga River Basin in Uttar Pradesh State.

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