Model Evaluation
8 Model Evaluation Co-ordinating Lead Author B.J. McAvaney Lead Authors C. Covey, S. Joussaume, V. Kattsov, A. Kitoh, W. Ogana, A.J. Pitman, A.J. Weaver, R.A. Wood, Z.-C. Zhao Contributing Authors K. AchutaRao, A. Arking, A. Barnston, R. Betts, C. Bitz, G. Boer, P. Braconnot, A. Broccoli, F. Bryan, M. Claussen, R. Colman, P. Delecluse, A. Del Genio, K. Dixon, P. Duffy, L. Dümenil, M. England, T. Fichefet, G. Flato, J.C. Fyfe, N. Gedney, P. Gent, C. Genthon, J. Gregory, E. Guilyardi, S. Harrison, N. Hasegawa, G. Holland, M. Holland, Y. Jia, P.D. Jones, M. Kageyama, D. Keith, K. Kodera, J. Kutzbach, S. Lambert, S. Legutke, G. Madec, S. Maeda, M.E. Mann, G. Meehl, I. Mokhov, T. Motoi, T. Phillips, J. Polcher, G.L. Potter, V. Pope, C. Prentice, G. Roff, F. Semazzi, P. Sellers, D.J. Stensrud, T. Stockdale, R. Stouffer, K.E. Taylor, K. Trenberth, R. Tol, J. Walsh, M. Wild, D. Williamson, S.-P. Xie, X.-H. Zhang, F. Zwiers Review Editors Y. Qian, J. Stone Contents Executive Summary 473 8.6 20th Century Climate and Climate Variability 496 8.6.1 20th Century Coupled Model Integrations 8.1 Summary of Second Assessment Report 474 Including Greenhouse Gases and Sulphate Aerosols 496 8.2 What is Meant by Evaluation? 474 8.6.2 Coupled Model Variability 499 8.2.1 The Approach: Mean State and Variability 8.6.2.1 Comparison with the instrumental in Climate Models 474 record 499 8.2.2 The Basis 474 8.6.2.2 Comparison with palaeo-data 500 8.2.3 Figures of Merit 475 8.6.3 The Role of Volcanic and Solar Forcing and Changes in Land Use 500 8.3 Model Hierarchy
[Show full text]