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Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual Da Serra Do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil1

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Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual Da Serra Do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil1 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 1 tab., 13 fig., 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-93/2016 Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil1 Ricardo Matheus Pires2,3, Viviana Motato-Vásquez2, Mauro Carpes Westphalen2 and Adriana de Mello Gugliotta2 Received: 9.11.2016; accepted: 3.02.2017 ABSTRACT - (Polyporales and similar poroid genera (Basidiomycota) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil). This survey presents the first species list of the poroid fungi (Polyporales and related genera) from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, the largest area of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. A total of 68 species, 38 genera and ten families were found in the studied area. Antrodiella luteocontexta, Ceriporiopsis flavilutea, Diplomitoporus navisporus, Flaviporus venustus, Grammothele fuligo, Oxyporus latemarginatus, Perenniporia cremeopora, Postia subcaesia and Postia tephroleuca are recorded for the first time to São Paulo State and Dichomitus campestris and Postia undosa represent the first records in Brazil. Full description of the new records in Brazil, comments about the new records in São Paulo State, as well as pictures and an identification key are provided. Keywords: Brazilian Atlantic forest, Fungal diversity, Neotropics, Taxonomy RESUMO - (Polyporales e gêneros poroides semelhantes (Basidiomycota) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil). Esta pesquisa apresenta a primeira lista de espécies dos fungos poroides (Polyporales e gêneros relacionados) do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, a maior área de Mata Atlântica no Brasil. Um total de 68 espécies, 38 gêneros e dez famílias foram encontradas na área estudada. Antrodiella luteocontexta, Ceriporiopsis flavilutea, Diplomitoporus navisporus, Flaviporus venustus, Grammothele fuligo, Oxyporus latemarginatus, Perenniporia cremeopora, Postia subcaesia e Postia tephroleuca são registradas pela primeira vez para o Estado de São Paulo e Dichomitus campestris e Postia undosa representam o primeiro registro no Brasil. A descrição completa dos novos registros no Brasil, comentários sobre os novos registros no estado de São Paulo, fotos e uma chave de identificação são fornecidos. Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica brasileira, diversidade fúngica, neotrópico, taxonomia Introduction molecular phylogenetic results, the order has been divided into four lineages, the ‘antrodia clade’, Polypores belong to class Agaricomycetes the ‘polyporoid clade’, the ‘phlebioid clade’, and Doweld in the Basidiomycota; they grow mostly a ‘residual polyporoid clade’, which often unite lignicolous and are characterized by the presence of genera previously considered unrelated (Hibbett & a hymenophore formed by parallel tubes that lead into Donoghue 1995, Larsson et al. 2004, Binder et al. a surface composed by pores, which are inseparable 2005; 2013, Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011, Miettinen from the context, a feature that makes them different et al. 2011). The position of the ‘residual polyporoid from Boletales E.J. Gilbert (Ryvarden 1991). These clade’ remains uncertain and some taxa (e.g. fungi are extremely important for nutrient cycling and Gelatoporia Niemelä, Grifola Gray and Tyromyces P. play a fundamental role in wood decay due to their Karst) apparently do not belong to any of these main system of lignocellulolytic enzymes (Ryvarden 1991, lineages. Families such as Hydnodontaceae Jülich and Begon et al. 2006). Schizoporaceae Jülich and many polyporoid genera Polyporales Gäum. is considered one of as Trichaptum Murrill (Incertae sedis) are included the most problematic groups of fungi from a in the order Hymenochaetales. However, poroid taxa taxonomic and systematic viewpoint. Based on are morphologically and ecologically related and have 1. Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro Autor 2. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Stefano 3.687, 04301-012 São Paulo, SP, Brasil 3. Corresponding author: [email protected] 146 Hoehnea 44(1): 145-157, 2017 been historically studied together; for this reason, Among these, the Núcleo Santa Virgínia (45°03' to also poroid genera not belonging to Polyporales were 45°11' W and 23°24' to 23°17' S) is located in the included in this study. municipality of São Luiz do Paraitinga and Natividade Many studies on polypores have been carried out da Serra. The unit covers a total area of 170 km², with in Brazil, and many of them in areas of the Atlantic altitudinal range of 860 m to 1650 m, and maximum forest (Bononi et al. 1981, Jesus 1993, Gugliotta & temperature of 35 °C, medium 21 °C, and minimum Bononi 1999, Xavier-Santos et al. 2004, Louza & -3°C (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente 2008). Gugliotta 2007, Leal & Gugliotta 2008, Abrahão et al. A permit for sampling in the park was issued by 2009, Baltazar & Gibertoni 2009, Gugliotta et al. the Instituto Florestal (Carta COTEC nº. 155/2013 2010, 2011, 2015, Westphalen & Silveira 2008, 2013, D201/2011 PGH). Collections in the study area Westphalen &. 2010, Motato-Vásquez & Gugliotta were carried out bimonthly from April 2013 to 2014, Motato-Vásquez et al. 2015, Pires & Gugliotta February 2015 and all studied materials were 2016). The Atlantic forest, which originally occupied collected by Ricardo M. Pires. The basidiomata were 1,315,460 km² of Brazilian territory, presently only photographed, georeferenced, collected with a knife, and individually packed in paper bags. Data such as covers about 8% of its original area (Fundação SOS date of collection, collector number, substrate, color Mata Atlântica and INPE 2009, 2011), being placed and other macroscopic features were noted (Fidalgo in the top five list of the biologically richest and & Bononi 1984). Macroscopic analysis included most threatened regions (biodiversity hotspots) on description of features such as: habit and habitat the planet (Mittermeier et al. 2004). In Brazil, the of the basidiomata; shape, surface, margin and size Atlantic forest includes the second largest area of of the pileus, color, shape and number of pores per tropical forest ecosystem, including different types millimeter; shape, color, consistency, surface, apex, of vegetation as ombrophilous, mountain, inland base and size of the stipe (when present). The color and Araucaria forest (Secretaria de Estado de Meio was described according to Küppers (2002). Ambiente 1996). São Paulo State contains a significant For microscopic analysis, freehand cuts were portion of this important phytogeographic domain, performed in cross sections of the tubes to observe with 26,703.24 km², which occurs mainly along the the hymenium and trama structures. The sections coast and on the slopes of Serra do Mar, corresponding were treated with KOH 5% solution and stained to 15.78% of the state’s territory (Fundação SOS Mata with 1% Phloxine. Melzer’s reagent was used for Atlântica and INPE 2011). evidence of amyloid and dextrinoid reactions. The Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar represents the sections were observed under a Leica DM1000 largest continuous area of preserved Atlantic forest in optical microscope. The structures were analyzed and Brazil (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente 2008); described based on color, cell walls, reactions and size however, so far little is known about the community of the basidiospores; shape, color, wall, sterigmate of poroid fungi. This study was aimed to survey number and size of basidia; shape, color and size species included in Polyporales and similar genera of sterile elements; and color and type of hyphae. of poroid fungi present in the park. A list of recorded Twenty to 30 measurements were taken from each species, descriptions of the new records in Brazil, structure present. Measurements of the length and comments on the new records in São Paulo State, and width of basidiospores, basidia (without sterigmata), an identification key are provided. and cystidia were also taken. For basidiospores, the measurement of Q represents the variation of the ratio Materials and methods between the length and the width of approximately 100 basidiospores of each species, and Qm that represents Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), the average value of Q (Coelho 2005). The specimens managed by Instituto Florestal, is a protected area that were deposited at the Herbarium Maria Eneyda P. K. hosts the largest area of Atlantic forest in Brazil. With Fidalgo (SP) of the Instituto de Botânica. The literature 3,153.9 km², it encompasses 11 coastal municipalities consulted for identification were mainly Lowe (1966), and 15 municipalities located on the Atlantic Plateau Ryvarden & Johansen (1980), Ryvarden (1991) and in São Paulo state (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993, 1994), as well as all the Ambiente 2000). Due to the extent of the park and specialized literature from which the distribution data the heterogeneity of its socio-cultural, historical and of the species was extracted (see below the entries for environmental features, it is managed in eight units. new records). Pires et al.: Poroid fungi from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Brazil 147 Results and Discussion Specimen examined: BRAZIL. SÃO PAULO: São Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, A total of 68 species, 38 genera and ten families Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 13-VI-2013, R.M. Pires et al. were found in the study area. Dichomitus campestris 87 (SP-466094). (Quél.) Domanski & Orlicz and Postia undosa (Peck) Jülich
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