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Feb. 11, 1936. G, CAWLEY 2,030,57. WALWE OPERATING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 20, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1

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a 242.2,NVENOR Feb. 11, 1936. G, CAWLEY 2,030,571 WALWE OPERATING MECHANISM Filled Oct. 20, 193l 2 Sheets-Sheet 2

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AORNEYs Patented Feb. 11, 1936 2,030,571.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,030,571 WALWE OPERATING MECHANISM George Cawley, Upper Montclair, N. J. Application October 20, 1931, Serial No. 569,886 8 Claims, (C. 121-163) This invention relates to a novel and improved 5, and 6 I have indicated how the invention could operating mechanism, the novel features of be applied to the operation of one of the , Which Will be best understood from the following namely, the inlet valve at the head end of the description and the annexed drawings, in which , that is to say, the end opposite the I have shown selected embodiments of the in Crank end. For the sake of simplicity, I have vention, and in which: not shown in Fig. 1 the means for operating Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one form of the the Valves at the other or head end of the cyl invention. inder, since the addition of such means to the Fig. 2 is a perspective view of part of the ap arrangement shown in Fig. 1 will be obvious to paratus appearing in Fig. 1, but showing a dif those skilled in the art. Since in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 10 ferent form of control therefor. and 6 I have shown an inlet valve, I shall refer Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, are diagrams illustrating to that valve by the same number as the inlet the operation of the invention with a slightly dif Valve of Fig. 1, and shall identify the and ferent embodiment. other operating parts therefor by the same num ls My invention relates to means for accurately bers. s Operating valves, particularly of the poppet type, The inlet valve is designated ?o, and its stem which move to and from a seat, especially when has a sliding fit in an opening in the casing Such valves are used in situations. Where they 2. Steam may pass through the steam-chest Should operate in synchronism with a plurality of 3 into the cylinder, between the valve O and its 20 different moving parts of a mechanism. For the seat 4, the valve being guided by its stem in 20 Sake of illustration, I have shown the invention a rectilinear movement to and from its seat. as applied to a reciprocating steam , such The outlet valve likewise connects the steam as used in locomotives, although it is to be un chests with the cylinder, although the valve it derstood that the invention may be employed Self and its seat are not illustrated, the stem 5 25 With other mechanisms when found applicable. thereof, however, appearing in Fig. 1. For the 25 Referring to the drawings, the numeral f des purpose of understanding my invention, further ignates a cylinder of a reciprocating steam en illustration of the outlet valve is not needed, it gine which, for the sake of illustration, has been being understood that its construction and op Selected as an engine With Which the invention eration are similar to that of the inlet valve. 30 is used. Within the cylinder reciprocates a pis The numeral f6 designates any fixed part of 30 ton 2 having a stem 3 extending through the the engine Supporting a pivot 7 upon which is head of the cylinder, and connected to a cross rockably mounted a link 8 having a curved slot head 4 sliding on Suitable guides 5. Connected 9 therein in which slides a block 20. The link to the cross-head is the 6 which, is rocked by the links 2 and 22 which connect 35 in turn, is connected by the pin 7 to the crank 8 it to the crank pin T and is used to aid in control 35 Secured to the driving Shaft 9. ling the operation of the inlet and outlet valves, Reciprocation of the is caused by steam the link 22 being the return crank. The block or other fluid which is caused to enter the cyl 20 may be slid in the slot 9 as by a bell crank inder and to be exhausted therefrom. The inlet lever 23 pivoted at 24 upon the frame of the en 40 and exhaust are controlled by valves as well gine and having a link 25 connected to one arm. 40 known in the art, and it is with the operating thereof and pivoted to an arm 26 in turn piv mechanism for these valves that my invention oted to the block 20. This movement of the block finds particular utility. For the sake of sim 20 in the slot 9 is used for reversing the en plicity, I have indicated the valve as being of gine. The position of the parts shown in Fig. 1 45 the single disk type, although it is to be under Will produce clockwise rotation of the crank pin 45 stood that the invention may be used With any 7. This may be a reverse motion with some types form of valve, so long as it is of the type gen of engine and a forward motion with others. erally known as a “'; that is to The Operation of the valves is controlled from Say, One Which moves to and from a positive seat the movement of the piston and also from the 50 Or SeatS. movement of the return crank, and, according to 50 As noted above, the usual valves are employed my invention, I combine these two movements With the cylinder and piston, and in Fig. 1, I into one in Such a way as to cause a rectilinear have shown the invention as applied to the movement of the valves to and from their seats. operation of the inlet and exhaust valves at the The movement from the piston is obtained 55 crank end of the cylinder, whereas in Figs, 3, 4, through a link 27 pivoted at one end to the cross 55 2 - 2,030,571. head 4 and at the other end to an arm 28 fast upon of the slot 9 of the link 8 to place the valves a shaft 29 to which are secured cams 30 and in correct position for opposite operation of the 3. The movement from the return crank is engine. The position of the cam 3) with respect caused by rocking of the link 8 and consequent to the cam 35 may be accurately adjusted to get movement of the block 20 which is transmitted the desired action of the valve 0, particularly for to the 32 by means of the link 33 form varying the cut-off, and in Fig. 1 I have indicated ing an extension of the arm 26 and pivoted at the One means by which this may be accomplished. other end to an arm 34 secured on the cam shaft This means comprises a hub 45 secured to the 32, which can shaft carries the cams 35 and 36. cam 30 and mounted upon a spiral tongue 46 0 The stem if of the valve O is pivotally secured Secured on the can shaft 29. The hub may be 0. at 37 to a cam follower 38 in the form of a rocker slid on the shaft by means of a fork 47 pivoted carrying at its opposite ends rollers 39 and 40 at 48 upon the frame of the engine and having which ride upon the cams 30 and 35, respectively. a handle 49 for operation thereof. Similarly, the outlet valve stem 5 is pivotally While the ever 23 and fork 4 have been shown connected at 4 to a can follower 42 provided as being provided with short handles for opera 15 With rollers 43 and 44 bearing upon the surfaces tion, it is of course to be understood that where of the cams 3 and 38, respectively. the invention is used on a locomotive, for instance, From the above arrangement, it will be seen these handles will be replaced by Suitable connec that upon operation of the engine, movement of tions extending to some position handy for the the cross-head 4 and the return crank 22, one of operator. 20 which has a and the other Usually, the movement of the piston or cross a continuous rotary motion, will be combined head and the movement of the crank are in phase in the movement of the valve stems if and 5' with each other, whereas the piston and the re and, consequently, of the valves secured thereto. turn crank are out of phase with each other. For 2 5 Movement of the cross-head 4 causes rocking or example, the cross-head will move in phase With 25 reciprocating of the can shaft 29, and movement the piston, whereas the return crank 22 is 90 or of the return crank 22 causes rocking of the link 270° out of phase with the piston. With my in 8 and consequent rocking or reciprocating of the vention, however, the two motions may be can Shaft 32. brought accurately into cooperation With each 30 The operation of one of the valves O may be other and merged to form the One rectilinear 30 still better understood from an inspection of Figs. movement of the valve stems. 3, 4, 5, and 6. These figures show the operation In Fig. 2 is shown a device which may be used of the inlet valve at the head end of the cylinder, to take the place of the link 8. In this embodi and it is to be understood that a similar operation ment, the link or return crank 22 is connected to Of the inlet valve at the other or crank end takes a link 50 pivoted to an arm 5 which is Secured 35 place and that the operation of the two outlet to a bevel 52 loosely mounted upon the can Valves Which are normally used Will likewise take shaft, 32. Secured to this cam shaft is a Second place in proper timed relation to the operations bevel gear 53, and meshing With the 52 and of the inlet valves. 53 is a third gear 54 pivotally mounted upon the 40 Fig. 3 Shows the arrangement of parts at the shaft 32 and held in adjusted position thereon by 40 beginning of the where the piston is at one means of an arm 55 which may engage in any One end of the cylinder, and the inlet valve is open of several notches in a quadrant 56. It will be slightly for the admission of steam. The direc seen that by rotating the arm 55 and its aSS0 tions in which the various parts move are indi ciated gear 54, the relation between the shaft 32 45 cated by the arrows. As steam enters the cylin and the arm 5, and consequently the return 45 der, the piston is forced towards the right to some crank 22, can be varied. For example, in the posi such position as shown in Fig. 4. Movement of tion shown in Fig. 2, the cams 35 and 36 on the the cross-head 4 will cause rocking of the shaft shaft 32 may be in correct position for clockwise 29, whereas movement of the return crank 22 movement, whereas when the arm 55 is moved causes rocking of the shaft 32, it being noted that into the notch 57, the cam may be in position for 50 in these diagrammatic Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 the counterclockwise movement, and when the arm positions of these shafts are reversed with respect occupies the notch 58 the cams may be in posi to that which they occupy in Fig. 1. This is done tion to operate the valves in proper sequence for convenience in illustration and to avoid over for idling or coasting Speed. 55 lapping parts, particularly in Fig. 1. From the above it will be seen that I have de 55 Fig. 5 shows the approximate relation of the vised a valve operating mechanism which is simple parts at cut-off position, at which position the in character, but which nevertheless is very flexi inlet valve is closed so that the remaining move ble. By proper designing of the cams with re ment of the piston may take place under the influ spect to each other, any desired operation of the 60 ence of the expansion of steam. This expansion valves may be obtained and at the same time the 60 continues until the parts reach some such position various parts may be easily adjusted With re as indicated in Fig. 6, which figure indicates the spect to each other to get any desired cut-off as relation of the parts at the end of the stroke. The for idling or coasting speed. inlet Valve, of course, remains closed during the While I have shown the invention as embodied 65 return stroke, and during this time the outlet in specific forms, it is to be understood that vari 85 valve is opened by means of cams 3 and 36, ous changes in details may be made Without de corresponding to the like-numbered cams of Fig. 1. parting from the scope of the invention, as defined Reversal through movement of the block 20 to by the appended claims. the other end of the slot 9 will not affect the I claim: 70 relation of the cam 30 to the roller 39, and it will 1. In combination, an engine having a piston 0. be seen that the cam 30 will always act to control movable in a cylinder, a return crank operated the closing of the valve fo, whereas the cam 35 by said piston, a poppet valve movable to and Will always act to control the opening of that from itS Seat and controlling the passage of fluid valve. aS required for the Operation of Said piston, Said 5 The block 20 may be moved to the other end valve being operated by two cams having Spaced 3. 2,030,571. 3 axes and a cam follower engaging both of said tion of said crank, means to adjust one of a pair cams and pivotally connected to said valve, means of cams operating one valve With respect to the to rock one of said cams by the normal motion Other cam. Of the pair, and means to change the Of said piston, means to rock the other of said relation of another one of said cams operating cams by the normal motion of said crank, and another valve with respect to its follower to 5 means to change the relation of one of said cams thereby change the relation of said valve to its to its follower to thereby change the relation of seat at a given time, to cause reversal of the Said valve to its seat at a given time, to cause engine, said reversing means forming part of reversal of the engine. the means to rock One cam by the normal motion 10 2. In combination, an engine having a piston Of the crank. 10 movable in a cylinder, a return crank operated by 6. In combination, an engine having a piston Said piston, a poppet valve movable to and from movable in a cylinder, a plurality of poppet valves its Seat and controlling the passage of fluid as controlling the passage of fluid as required for required for the operation of said piston, said the operation of Said piston, two parts operated 5 valve being operated by two cams having spaced by Said piston and out of phase with each other, 5 axes and a Cam follower engaging both of said a plurality of pairs of cams, One pair for each of cams and pivotally connected to said valve, means said valves, one cam in each pair being recipro to rock one of said cams by the normal motion of cated by One of said parts and the other cam in Said piston, means to rock the other of said cams the pair being reciprocated by the other of said 20 by the normal motion of said crank, and means to parts, means operated by the combined action 20 change the relation of one of said cams to its of the cams in one pair to open and close one follower to thereby change the relation of said valve only to the exclusion, of the other valves, valve to its seat at a given time, to cause reversal and means to vary the relation of one cam in one of the engine, said crank and piston operating 90° pair to the part operating it. Without changing or 270 out of phase with each other, but the the relation of the cams in the other pairs to the 25 25 rocking means operated thereby causing said parts operating them, thus varying the time of valve to operate in proper timed relation to the operation of the Valve operated by said pair of Operation of said piston. CalS. 3. In combination, an engine having a piston 7. In combination, an engine having a piston movable in a cylinder, a return crank operated by movable in a cylinder, a plurality of poppet valves 30 30 said piston, a plurality of poppet valves each mov controlling the passage of fluid as required for able to and from its seat and controlling the pas the operation of said piston, tWO parts operated by Sage of fluid as required for the operation of said said piston and out of phase with each other, a piston, each of Said Valves being operated by tWO plurality of pairs of cams, one pair for each of 35 cams having spaced axes and a can follower en said valves, one cam in each pair being recipro- 35 gaging both of said cams and pivotally connected cated by one of said parts and the other cam in to its valve, means to rock one of Said cams by the pair being reciprocated by the other of said the normal motion of said piston, means to rock parts, means operated by the combined action of the other of said cams by the normal motion of the cams in one pair to open and close one valve said crank, means to adjust one of a pair of only to the exclusion of the other valves, means 40 cams operating one valve with respect to the to vary the relation of one cam in one pair to the other cam of the pair, and means to change the part operating it without changing the relation relation of another one of Said cans Operating of the cams in the other pairs to the parts oper another valve with respect to its follower to there ating them, thus varying the time of operation of by change the relation of said valve to its seat the valve operated by said pair of cams, and other 45 at a given time to cause reversal of the engine. means to simultaneously change the relation of a 4. In combination, an engine having a piston cam in each pair to the part operating said cams, movable in a cylinder, a return crank operated by to effect reversal of the engine. said piston, a poppet valve movable to and from 8. In combination, an engine having a piston 50 its seat and controlling the passage of fluid as movable in a cylinder, a plurality of poppet valves 50 required for the operation of said piston, said controlling the passage of fluid as required for valve being operated by two cams having Spaced the operation of said piston, two parts operated axes and a cam follower engaging both of Said by said piston and out of phase with each other, cams and pivotally connected to said valve, means a plurality of pairs of cams, one pair for each of to rock one of said cams by the normal motion of said valves, one cam in each pair being recipro- 55 said piston, means to rock the other of said cams cated by one of said parts and the other can in by the normal motion of said crank, and means the pair being reciprocated by the other of Said to change the relation of one of said cams to its parts, means operated by the combined action follower to thereby change the relation of said of the cams in one pair to open and close one 30 valve to its seat at a given time, to cause reversal valve only to the exclusion of the other valves, 60 of the engine, said reversing means forming part means to vary the relation of one cam in one of the means to rock one cam by the normal pair to the part operating it without changing motion of the Crank. the relation of the cams in the other pairs to the 5. In combination, an engine having a piston parts operating them, thus varying the time of 65 movable in a cylinder, a return crank operated by operation of the valve operated by said pair of 65 said piston, a plurality of poppet valves each cams, and other means to simultaneously change movable to and from its seat and controlling the the relation of a cam in each pair to the part passage of fluid as required for the operation of operating said cams, to effect reversal of the en said piston, each of said valves being operated by gine, one of said cams in each pair acting to open 70 two cams having spaced axes and a can follower engaging both of said cams and pivotally con its valve and the other cam in the same pair act nected to its valve, means to rock one of Said ing to close its valve, regardless of direction of cams by the normal motion of Said piston, means operation. to rock the other of said cams by the normal no GEORGE CAWLEY.