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Lacerta Schreiberi Prefácio Lagarto-De-Água 146 Lacerta Monticola 1 Atlasdos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal Armando Loureiro Nuno Ferrand de Almeida Miguel A. Carretero Octávio S. Paulo (Editores) Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Centro de Biologia Ambiental da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Atlasdos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal Armando Loureiro Nuno Ferrand de Almeida Miguel A. Carretero Octávio S. Paulo (Editores) Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade 2008 Design gráfico e maquetação Para efeitos bibliográficos o presente Atlas deve citar-se da Ana Pinto seguinte forma: Tratamento e edição de imagem O Atlas completo ou os capítulos 4 e 7 António Jorge Barros Loureiro,A., Ferrand de Almeida, N., Carretero, M.A. & Paulo, O.S. (eds.) (2008): Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal. Instituto da Edição Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Lisboa. 257 pp. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, I.P. Um capítulo Ano Crespo, E.G. (2008): História da herpetologia em Portugal. Pp.17- 2008 53, in: Loureiro,A., Ferrand de Almeida, N., Carretero, M.A. & Paulo, O.S. (eds.), Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal. Instituto da ISBN Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Lisboa. 978 - 972 - 775 - 197 - 6 O texto de uma espécie Depósito legal Brito, J.C. (2008): Vipera latastei. Pp. 182-183, in: Loureiro, A., Ferrand de Almeida, N., Carretero, M.A. & Paulo, O.S. (eds.), Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal. Instituto da Conservação da Impresso por Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Lisboa. INOVA Artes Gráficas Tiragem 1000 exemplares Fotografia da capa Pelobates cultripes (sapo-de-unha-negra) Phillipe Evrard Fotografia da contra-capa Podarcis bocagei (lagartixa-de-Bocage) Jorge Coutinho Este trabalho foi co-financiado pelo ICNB, I.P. e pela União Europeia, através do Programa Operacional do Ambiente (candidatura 1.1/00021 – Documentos Estruturantes da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade). Índice Anguis fragilis Licranço 140 Acanthodactylus erythrurus Nota de Apresentação Lagartixa-de-dedos-denteados 142 Lacerta lepida Nota Editorial Sardão 144 Lacerta schreiberi Prefácio Lagarto-de-água 146 Lacerta monticola 1. História da Herpetologia em Portugal 17 Lagartixa-da-montanha 148 Podarcis bocagei 2. Biogeografia e Evolução Recente Lagartixa-de-Bocage 150 dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal 55 Podarcis carbonelli Lagartixa-de-Carbonell 152 3. Metodologia 71 Podarcis hispanica Lagartixa-ibérica 154 4. Lista Taxonómica de Referência 81 Psammodromus algirus Lagartixa-do-mato 156 5. Distribuição de Anfíbios e Répteis Psammodromus hispanicus Como ler os mapas 88 Lagartixa-do-mato-ibérica 158 Como ler as fichas 89 Chalcides bedriagai Anfíbios Cobra-de-pernas-pentadáctila 160 Chioglossa lusitanica Chalcides striatus Salamandra-lusitânica 92 Cobra-de-pernas-tridáctila 162 Pleurodeles waltl Blanus cinereus Salamandra-de-costelas-salientes 94 Cobra-cega 164 Salamandra salamandra Coluber hippocrepis Salamandra-de-pintas-amarelas 96 Cobra-de-ferradura 166 Triturus boscai Coronella austriaca Tritão-de-ventre-laranja 98 Cobra-lisa-europeia 168 Triturus helveticus Coronella girondica Tritão-de-patas-espalmadas 100 Cobra-lisa-meridional 170 Triturus marmoratus Elaphe scalaris Tritão-marmorado 102 Cobra-de-escada 172 Alytes cisternasii Macroprotodon cucullatus Sapo-parteiro-ibérico 104 Cobra-de-capuz 174 Alytes obstetricans Natrix maura Sapo-parteiro-comum 106 Cobra-de-água-viperina 176 Discoglossus galganoi Natrix natrix Rã-de-focinho-ponteagudo 108 Cobra-de-água-de-colar 178 Pelobates cultripes Malpolon monspessulanus Sapo-de-unha-negra 110 Cobra-rateira 180 Pelodytes spp. Vipera latastei Sapinhos-de-verrugas-verdes 112 Víbora-cornuda 182 Bufo bufo Vipera seoanei Sapo-comum 116 Víbora-de-Seoanei 184 Bufo calamita Répteis da Madeira Sapo-corredor 118 Tarentola bischoffi Hyla arborea Osga-das-Selvagens 188 Rela-comum 120 Lacerta dugesii Hyla meridionalis Lagartixa-da-Madeira 190 Rela-meridional 122 Rana iberica 6.Tartarugas Marinhas 193 Rã-ibérica 124 Dermochelys coriacea Rana perezi Tartaruga-de-couro 199 Rã-verde 126 Caretta caretta Répteis Tartaruga-comum 201 Emys orbicularis Lepidochelys kempii Cágado-de-carapaça-estriada 130 Tartarura-de-Kemp 204 Mauremys leprosa Eretmochelys imbricata Cágado-mediterrânico 132 Tartaruga-de-escamas 206 Hemidactylus turcicus Chelonia mydas Osga-turca 134 Tartaruga-verde 207 Tarentola mauritanica Osga-comum 136 7. Distribuição de Anfíbios e Répteis Exóticos em Portugal 211 Chamaeleo chamaeleon Camaleão-comum 138 Bibliografia 217 Nota de Apresentação De entre os problemas ambientais globais do mundo de hoje, avultam as alterações climáticas e a perda de biodiversidade como as mais marcantes e preocupantes. Enquanto que o primeiro é amplamente reconhecido e alvo de todas as atenções, o segundo é talvez mais discreto, meramente conhecido de apenas parte do grande público. E no entanto, a crise de biodiversidade é porventura mais marcante para nós, seres humanos, por ser mais duradoura e irrecuperável. Afinal, é a própria diversidade dos seres vivos que lubrifica e dinamiza a capacidade de suporte de vida deste nosso belo planeta. Um atlas de anfíbios e répteis como o presente, estabelecendo o retrato das ocorrências de todas as espécies presentes em território nacional, através de um trabalho aturado e sério, é mais do que um passo para desbravar o conhecimento. É um contributo efectivo para dar suporte científico à política de conservação da natureza e de gestão do território, e uma referência com a qual aferir alterações subsequentes na distribuição e ocorrência da nossa herpetofauna. Os anfíbios e répteis são particularmente interessantes para o estudo dos processos evolutivos naturais, por serem menos afectados do que outros vertebrados pela acção humana directa, tal como a domesticação ou a caça. Por outro lado, os anfíbios em especial são reconhecidos como indicadores sensíveis de perturbações ambientais, sejam de escala local ou global. Mas os anfíbios e répteis são sobretudo seres fantásticos, herdeiros de um passado remoto, persistindo há muito no nosso território, apesar da falta de apreço e mesmo perseguição de que são alvo há tantos séculos. Merecem por isso o nosso respeito e admiração, e certamente merecem também protecção para que continuem a perdurar, e a coexistir connosco. Na verdade, devo confessar aos leitores que não sou isento na matéria, visto que iniciei a minha actividade profissional precisamente como herpetólogo. Descobri desde então a secreta beleza e mistério da pele de uma salamandra, do olho de um sapo-de-unha-negra, do porte e colorido de um sardão, ou dos ovos em novelo nas patas de um sapo- -parteiro. Tenho um gosto e honra particular em poder registar neste Atlas este apelo à plena apreciação destas criaturas, que são componentes preciosas do nosso património natural. No meu passado profissional desenvolvi investigação na área da genética de populações de anfíbios da fauna portuguesa. Guardo dessa fase uma memória viva de saídas de campo nocturnas e diurnas em busca de sapos e rãs, em áreas protegidas e fora delas. Nos textos e mapas deste Atlas reencontro colegas e amigos, noto o trabalho de jovens investigadores e estudantes de herpetologia, e com eles regresso um pouco a essa dimensão ímpar que encon- tram aqueles que têm o privilégio de fazer da natureza e da biodiversidade o alvo da sua actividade. O que espero e desejo é que os anfíbios e os répteis subsistam muito tempo no território português, resistindo e ultrapassando pressões e ameaças, sejam as mais tradicionais, como as alterações do uso do solo ou a perseguição directa, ou as emergentes, como as que emanam do aquecimento global. Este Atlas é um contributo para que mais pessoas partilhem deste desejo, e conheçam alguns dos animais que podem um dia encontrar num charco ou ribeiro, debaixo de uma pedra, apanhando sol num muro, ou deambulando pelo solo numa qualquer noite húmida. Humberto Rosa Secretário de Estado do Ambiente Nota Editorial Em Outubro de 2001, o Governo Português adoptou a Estratégia Nacional de Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade (ENCNB), através da Resolução de Conselho de Ministros nº 152/2001. Neste documento são enunciados os princípios, objectivos e opções estratégicas fundamentais que devem orientar as políticas e projectos de Conservação da Natureza e Biodiversidade até 2010. Logo na primeira opção estratégica da ENCNB - promover a investigação científica, o conhecimento e a monitorização de espécies, habitats e ecossistemas - determina-se que a política de conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade deve assentar num sólido conhecimento científico e técnico do património natural, sua distribuição geográfica, relevância e evolução. Explicita-se, ainda, que não pode defender-se o que não se conhece e consideram-se prioritários os estudos destinados a aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as componentes do património natural e da biodiversidade. Na quinta opção estratégica propõe-se desenvolver em todo o território nacional acções específicas de conservação e gestão de espécies e habitats e define-se como uma das directivas de acção a elaboração ou revisão dos diversos atlas de distribuição. O Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis terrestres de Portugal Continental teve como proponentes dois centros de investigação - o CBA, Centro de Biologia Ambiental da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, e o CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade
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