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Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic Cambridge Semitic Languages and Cultures Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic EditEd by GEoffrEy Khan and Paul M. noorlandEr To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: htps://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/1169 Open Book Publishers is a non-proft independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. STUDIES IN THE GRAMMAR AND LEXICON OF NEO-ARAMAIC Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic Edited by Geofrey Khan and Paul M. Noorlander https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2021 Geoffrey Khan and Paul M. Noorlander. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Geoffrey Khan and Paul M. Noorlander (eds.), Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo- Aramaic. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2021, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0209 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit, https:// doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0209#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at, https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Updated digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0209#resources Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-947-8 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-948-5 Semitic Languages and Cultures 5. ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-949-2 ISSN (print): 2632-6906 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-950-8 ISSN (digital): 2632-6914 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-951-5 ISBN Digital (XML): 978-1-78374-952-2 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0209 Cover image: Women in the village of Harbole, south-eastern Turkey (photograph taken by Brunot Poizat in 1978 before the village’s destruction). Cover design: Anna Gatti CONTENTS GLOSSING ABBREVIATIONS ��������������������������������������������� ix CONTRIBUTORS ���������������������������������������������������������������� xi PREFACE ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� xvii ABSTRACTS ����������������������������������������������������������������������� xxi Eugene Barsky and Sergey Loesov A History of the Intransitive Preterite of Turoyo: from a Property Adjective to a Finite Tense ����������������� 1 Paul M. Noorlander Towards a Typology of Possessors and Experiencers in Neo-Aramaic: Non-Canonical Subjects as Relics of a Former Dative Case ������������������������������������������������������ 29 Dorota Molin The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Dohok: Two Folktales and Selected Features of Verbal Semantics ��� 95 Geofrey Khan Verbal Forms Expressing Discourse Dependency in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic ������������������������������������������ 143 Eran Cohen Conditional Patterns in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho ����������������������������������������������������������� 195 vi Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic Michael Waltisberg Language Contact and Turoyo: The Case of the Circumstantial Clause ��������������������������������������������������� 221 Ivri Bunis The Morphosyntactic Conservatism of Western Neo- Aramaic despite Contact with Syrian Arabic ���������������� 235 Steven E. Fassberg On the Afel Stem in Western Neo-Aramaic ������������������� 287 Ariel Gutman The Re-Emergence of the Genitive in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic ����������������������������������������������������������������� 301 Lidia Napiorkowska Modelling Variation in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Azran with Articulatory Phonology ������������������������������ 319 Aziz Tezel On the Origin of Some Plant Names in Ṣūrayt/ Tūroyo in Tūr ʿAbdīn ���������������������������������������������������� 335 Eugene Barsky and Yulia Furman Remarks on Selected Exponents of the 208-Swadesh List in Turoyo ��������������������������������������������������������������� 353 Hezy Mutzaf Neo-Aramaic Animal Names ����������������������������������������� 389 Alexey Lyavdansky A Corpus-Based Swadesh Word List for Literary Christian Urmi (New Alphabet Texts) �������������������������� 415 Contents vii Aziz Emmanuel Eliya Al-Zebari (in collaboration with Anjuman M. Sabir) Lexical Items Relating to Material Culture in the NENA Dialects of the Aqra Region ������������������������������� 443 Salam Neamah Hirmiz Hakeem Arabic Loanwords in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Ankawa ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 469 Sina Tezel Language Loss in the Ṣūrayt/Tūroyo-speaking Communities of the Diaspora in Sweden ���������������������� 487 INDEX 505 GLOSSING ABBREVIATIONS a Arabic dist distal demonstrative acc accusative dm discourse marker act active dom diferential object alv alveolar marking alvpal alveopalatal erg ergative aor aorist exist existential art article ez ezafe artp Articulatory f feminine Phonology foc focus attr attribute fpl feminine plural caus causative fs feminine singular clf classifer fut future clo closure gen genitive comp complementiser glo glottis conj conjunction gn geographic name conn connective h Hebrew cop copula hab habitual crit critical imp imperative cst construct state impf imperfect (head of attributive ind indicative annexation) indef indefnite dat dative indet indetermined state def defnite (article) ipfv imperfective deix.cop deictic copula irr irrealis dem demonstrative k Kurdish dep dependent (marker of dependent clause or lab labial noun phrase) lnk linker det determined state m masculine x Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic medp mediopassive qam qam pre-verbal prefx mod modal qātl Arabic qātel paradigm mpl masculine plural (historical active participle) ms masculine singular qattīl qaṭṭīl adjective n neuter qōtl Western Neo-Aramaic neg negative qōṭel paradigm nmls nominalisation (historical active participle) nom nominative qtīl qṭīl adjective and npl neuter plural resultative participle npsfx nominal sufx qtl qatal and qṭal sufx npst non-past conjugations in ns neuter singular Arabic and Western Neo-Aramaic pal palatal respectively pass passive refl refexive pc prefx conjugation rel relative pers personal res resultative pfv perfective s singular phar pharyngeal sbjv subjunctive pl plural sc sufxing conjugation pn personal name tb tongue body pn proper noun tt tongue tip poss possessive uvu-phar uvular-pharyngeal pret preterite vel velum prog progressive voc vocative pron pronoun yqtl yiqtol prefx prs present conjugation in pst past Arabic and Western Neo-Aramaic ptcp participle pvb preverbal modifer CONTRIBUTORS Eugene Barsky (PhD, St Tikhon’s Orthodox University of Humanities, Moscow, 2010) researched the Book of Ezra in his PhD thesis. His current work focuses on the grammar of Aramaic and the history of the Bible. His previous publications on Neo- Aramaic relate to the lexicon of Turoyo and Mlaḥso. Sergey Loesov (PhD, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, 1994) is a professor at the National Research University ‘Higher School of Economics’ (Moscow). His research publications concern the following main felds: history of Aramaic, Neo- Aramaic dialectology, history of Akkadian and morphosyntax of Akkadian� Paul M. Noorlander (PhD, Leiden University, 2018) is a Rubicon Fellow at Leiden University seconded to the University of Cambridge. His current work focuses on the documentation of endangered Neo-Aramaic dialects originally spoken in Turkey and coordinating the development of the online NENA database and NENA digital corpus. His PhD thesis was on the typology of alignment in Neo-Aramaic. He has worked on Semitic languages from a comparative-historical perspective and on diachronic developments in Aramaic in particular, including detailed syntactic studies of Late Antique Aramaic varieties. His research interests and published work also involve tense-aspect-mood, word order and contact between Neo-Aramaic and neighbouring languages such as Iranian and Armenian. Dorota Molin is a PhD student (2018–2021) in Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Cambridge, working on North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. She obtained her MPhil degree at Cambridge for a dissertation on Biblical Hebrew quotations in the Aramaic incantation bowls in the context of Biblical Hebrew pronunciation traditions. She is interested in comparative dialectology and its contribution to understanding diachrony xii Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic (e.g., grammaticalisation). She has also published on contact between Modern Hebrew and Negev Arabic and worked as a research assistant on a forthcoming Diplomatic Edition of Mishna- Codex Kaufmann (A50). She holds a BA degree in Hebrew and Arabic (Cambridge). Geofrey Khan (PhD, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 1984) is Regius Professor of Hebrew at the University of Cambridge. His research publications focus on three main felds: Biblical
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