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NRN Newsletter 11 English.Indd SPIZAETUS NEOTROPICAL RAPTOR NETWORK NEWSLETTER ISSUE 11 JUNE 2011 MONITORING OF SPIZAETUS ORNATUS IN MEXICO RAPTOR MORTALITY ALONG ROADS IN ARGENTINA TAPHONOMIC STUDY OF RAPTOR PREY IN ARGENTINA Monitoring of Spizaetus ornatus and Other Raptors in the Arroyo Negro Private Reserve, Mexico ..................2 The NRN is a membership- based organization. Its goal is to Raptor Mortality on Roads in Central and North- aid the research and conserva- ern Argentina: A Preliminary Analysis of the Problem............................................6 tion of Neotropical raptors by promoting communication and Taphonomic Studies of Raptor’s Prey in Argentina.................................15 collaboration among biologists, ornithologists, raptor enthusi- Neotropical Raptor Literature Notes.. .............19 asts, and other conservationists working in the Neotropics. Of Interest .............................................21 Upcoming Conferences ..............................21 Spizaetus: the NRN Newsletter Issue 11 © June 2011 English Edition ISSN 2157-8958 Cover Photo: Spizaetus ornatus photographed in Arroyo Negro, Mexico. © Luznatura Back Cover Photo: Spizaetus ornatus Arroyo Negro, México. © J. Zenaido Canales Espinoza Graphic Design: Marta Curti NRN Coordinator: Marta Curti Articles edited and/or translated by: Angel Muela, Yeray Seminario and Marta Curti MONORING OF SPIZAETUS ORNATUS AND OTHER RAPTORS IN THE ARROYO NEGRO PRIVATE RESERVE, MEXICO By Efraín Orantes Abadia, Proyecto Arroyo Negro A.C., fi [email protected] and Carlos J. Navarro, Serment [email protected] The Arroyo Negro Private Reserve, located Rainforest Alliance. Part of Core Area 5’s Buffer in the Río Negrito basin in the Sierra Madre of Zone of the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, it is Chiapas,T La Concordia Municipality, in Chiapas, home to at least 186 bird species and some rare Mexico, is a high-quality coffee plantation com- mammals including Baird’s tapirs (Tapirus bairdii), mitted to environmental protection. Of its 640 Neotropical river otters (Lontra longicaudis) and hectares, only 100 are utilized in the production jaguars (Panthera onca). of shade-grown coffee. In 2008, because of its Resident raptors include Ornate Hawk-Eagle management and environmental protection prac- (Spizaetus ornatus), Black Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus tices, Arroyo Negro was named as the only coffee tyrannus), Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus an- plantation in the world to be producing “Con- thracinus), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), servation Coffee” by the United Nations and Spizaetus ornatus. Photo © Luznatura PAGE - 2 ISSUE 11 • JUNIE 2011 used a specifi c monitoring methodology, our in- formation is garnered from frequent fi eld obser- vations during which we try to gather as much data as possible on the diet and nesting habits of this species in this region of Mexico. When we reported our fi rst S. ornatus nest to the Commis- sion of Natural Protected Areas, they informed us that ours was the fi rst record for this species in the area for more than 20 years. Here, nesting season begins in November and to date we have located three S. ornatus pairs, all of which have utilized pine trees in which to build their nests. According to local workers, one of the nesting sites has been used for more Spizaetus ornatus. Photo © Luznatura than 25 years. This year, each pair has success- White Hawk (Leucopternis albicollis), Collared For- Spizaetus ornatus juvenile est-falcon (Micrastur semitorquatus), Laughing Fal- Photo © J. Zenaido Canales Espinoza con (Herpetotheres cachinnans), Bat Falcon (Falco ru- fi gularis), Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) and King Vulture (Sarcor- amphus papa), among others. Additionally one of the last Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) reported in Mexico was captured in the area years ago. Raptor Monitoring and Conservation Beginning in 2007, we began a self-funded rap- tor monitoring program on the property, with special emphasis on studying the local popula- tion of Spizaetus ornatus. Although we have not WWW.NEOTROPICALRAPTORS.ORG PAGE - 3 Spizaetus ornatus with its young. Photo © Luznatura fully raised only one chick. In fact, we observed Environmental Education an adult male throwing the younger of the two The visual documentation of the Arroyo Negro offspring out of the nest. Generally, the juvenile nests by wildlife photographers has contributed may stay in the parents’ territory up to two years to a greater knowledge of birds of prey among after fl edging, and we have documented that the the general public. Very soon, we hope to launch young bird sometimes helps to rebuild the nest, an education campaign among local communi- which usually measures about 1.5 m. As in other ties that focuses on raptors. It is very important parts of their distribution, S. ornatus nests every to raise awareness about the protection of birds other year. of prey among the people, as evidenced by the We have observed several prey items being recent seizure (April 19, 2011) by Arroyo Negro brought to the nest including: Emerald Toucanet staff and the Federal Environmental Protection (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), coatimundi (Nasua nari- Agency (PROFEPA) of a juvenile S. ornatus. The ca), Crested Guan (Penelope purpurascens), opossum hawk-eagle was caught by people from a neigh- (Didelphis sp.) and anteater (Tamandua mexicana). boring farm and kept in appalling conditions for PAGE - 4 ISSUE 11 • JUNIE 2011 a couple of months. Its left leg was broken and little known raptors and is the basis for environ- abscesses had formed. Unfortunately the report mental education projects that seek to spread came too late and the bird died shortly after be- greater awareness among local people about the ing seized. importance of conserving these birds. It is very important that events like this do not References occur again, and even though the Ornate Hawk- eagle is relatively abundant in Arroyo Negro, and IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe- is listed as “Least Concern” cies. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ by the IUCN (IUCN 2010), apps/redlist/details/144519/0 its status in the rest of Mex- ico is unknown. It is listed Diario Ofi cial de la Federación in the NOM-059-SEMAR- (DOF). 2010. NORMA Ofi cial NAT-2010 as “Endangered” Mexicana NOM-059-SEMAR- (DOF 2010). Because of its NAT-2010, Protección ambien- low reproductive rate, the tal-Especies nativas de México loss of a few individuals can de fl ora y fauna silvestres-Cat- have negative consequences egorías de riesgo y especifi cacio- for the population. Achiev- nes para su inclusión, exclusión ing a change of attitude to- o cambio-Lista de especies en ward birds of prey among Spizaetus ornatus riesgo. http://www.semarnat. © J. Zenaido Canales Espinoza the local people is vital. gob.mx/leyesynormas/normas/ Normas%20Oficiales%20Mexi- Conclusion canas%20Vigentes/NOM%20059%20SEMAR- Arroyo Negro is a place of great importance NAT%202010%20PROTECCIÓN%20AM- both for its biological richness and excellent BIENTAL%20ESPECIES%20NATIVAS%20 state of preservation. It is also an example of DE%20MÉXICO%20DOF%2030%20 sustainable economic development with respect DIC%202010.pdf to the environment. The monitoring program for birds of prey is generating information * * * about the natural history of S. ornatus and other WWW.NEOTROPICALRAPTORS.ORG PAGE - 5 RAPTOR MORTALITY ON ROADS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ARGENTINA: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM By Enrique Richard, Cátedra de Biología, Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, [email protected] and Denise I. Contreras Zapata, Cátedra de Bioestadística, Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, dennycz@gmail. A recent published review (Jacobson, 2005) animal groups mentioned above. However, this highlighted the importance of roads and their study and others (Arroyave et al 2006) focus on impactsA on birds. It listed the four most signifi - this issue without taking into consideration such cant impacts as: direct mortality, indirect mortal- factors as socioeconomics and education, some- ity, habitat fragmentation and ecosystem distur- thing that we are stressing when implementing bance, although recently other, no less signifi cant mitigation measures in Argentina. No precedent impacts have been mentioned, such as noise has been set in this country, where the advance (Dooling & Popper 2007). Before this report, the of agriculture in the last decades has, especially majority of studies on roads and wildlife have in the central and northern regions, gotten to been biased towards There is a tendency to underestimate such a point that half mammals, reptiles, am- the impact of roads on bird popula- of the land surface of phibians and even ar- tions. However, in the United States the country is covered thropods. Birds were not alone 80 million bird deaths a year are by agricultural fi elds previously considered, attributed to vehicle-related incidents (Aizen et al 2009). To- even though according to (Erickson et al 2005). day, the largest crop is Erickson et al (2005) bird the so-called “cursed mortality caused by automobiles in the U.S. alone crop” (transgenic soy + Roundup) that occu- reaches 80 million birds/year. Based on a review pies almost 50 % of the cultivated land. This of previous studies, Jacobson (2005) emphasizes has resulted in the massive loss of representa- the need to address both the impacts of roads tive ecosystems such as the Chaco and Pampas on birds and the related mitigation measures, grasslands, and of course has lead to a loss of as the proposals to date and subsequent imple- biodiversity and massive fragmentation. Conse- mented changes have been directed toward the quently, the local fauna either goes extinct or they PAGE - 6 ISSUE 11 • JUNIE 2011 must look for new “islands” of habitat where they shorter routes (6 km: Provincial Route 92, from can continue to survive (if the carrying capacity Casilda to National Route 33; and 56 Km: Na- allows). Although birds at least have better means tional Route 33, from the intersection at Rosario to search for alternate habitats (fl ight), they are respectively to Santa Fe Province) were traveled still affected by these changes.
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