THE PEREGRINE FUND

Conserving of Prey Worldwide letter from the president ...... 3 arctic conservation alliance ...... 4 wind energy Impacts on raptors ...... 6 california restoration ...... 8 aplomado restoration ...... 12 If we were logIcal, gulf oil spill monitoring ...... 15 american kestrel partnership ...... 16 the future would be neotropical raptor conservation program west Indies project...... 19 bleak, Indeed. but we are harpy conservation...... 20 neotropical raptor network...... 21 orange-breasted falcon project ...... 22 more than logical. we are neotropical science and student education ...... 26 pan africa raptor conservation program human beIngs, and we have faIth, east africa project...... 31 madagascar project ...... 33 and we have hope, and we can work. -pacific raptor conservation program philippine eagle conservation ...... 37 asian crisis...... 40 —Jacques Yves Cousteau conservation science global raptor Information network ...... 42 research library ...... 43 scientific publications and presentations...... 44 raptor conservation genetics research ...... 45 student education ...... 47 education program ...... 48 the archives of falconry ...... 50 cooperators ...... 52 supporters donors...... 54 In memory...... 56 legacy circle...... 59 financial statements...... 58 8 staff and volunteers ...... 60 48

The Peregrine Fund 2012 Annual Report ©2013 Edited by Pat Burnham and Susan Whaley Design ©2013 by Amy Siedenstrang Printing and manufacturing donated by MyPublisher.com Cover image by Rob Palmer 37 12

employees worldwide countries worked 8266in since 1970 5.6operating million budget for 2013 advanced degrees earned 90by students with our support 25,publications000 in our percent of donations reference library 2,095 spent on programs individuals given hands-on training 94 volunteers worldwide

children13,939 toured our 117 visitor center in 2012 184,000 page views per month 1,408books, articles, and at www.peregrinefund.org 6,raptors183 produced in reports published captivity since 1970

2 the peregrIne fund The Peregrine Fund has earned a solid reputation in the conservation community for over four decades. So solid, in fact, that even long-time supporters are surprised to find that we operate with a staff of just 82 people. Even more surprising: we cur- rently manage projects with 34 in 27 countries. How has a small staff established such a worldwide presence? Simply put, it’s about priorities: 63 of us (77% of the staff) are in the field engaged hands-on with birds of prey. Seven are public educators, and 12 serve members and manage day- to-day business. Each individual conserves birds of prey using a necessary and unique set of skills, but the intimate knowledge gained only in the field makes our organization truly stand out from all others. Even in my role as President, I spend time in the field collecting bio-samples from Peregrine to track contaminants from oil spills, pesticides, and climate change. There are myriad examples of our other field work, from building treetop release sites for Ridgway’s Hawks to drawing blood from California to test for lead. There’s no way to achieve these tasks with a computer keyboard or a com- mittee meeting; somebody has to get their hands dirty, and that’s us. To complete the big picture, the data generated by our fieldwork must be trans- lated into published results and policy recommendations. To do this, we cultivate

exceptional individuals who possess both field expertise and academic rigor. To date, katherine elston we have supported 23 Ph.D. and 67 M.Sc. level scholars. Many of these former gradu- Peter and Barbara Jenny were joined by Devon Elston (center) to collect samples ate student trainees are now among the world’s leading experts on birds of prey. from Peregrine Falcons on the Gulf coast. Although we are undeniably unique, I would never claim that we are alone in this work. We partner with literally thousands of people and organizations who share our goals: hunters who voluntarily switch to non-lead ammunition, lawmakers There’s no way to achieve these tasks with a balancing economy and environment, foundations committed to children’s educa- computer keyboard or a committee meeting; tion, citizen scientists installing kestrel boxes, pilots carrying young Aplomado Fal- somebody has to get their hands dirty, and that’s us. cons to release sites, members donating every year without fail… I could go on. My point is this: it may take only 82 people to run a world-class non-profit organization, but it takes a world of caring individuals to conserve birds of prey. I thank you for doing your part.

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 3 As top predators, Gyrfalcons are a key indicator species illuminating the effects of Arctic climate change. arctic conservation alliance Project Director: David Anderson

his project began when we convened an international conference in 2011 on the ecology and conservation of the Gyrfalcon and its prey in Arctic ecosystems. This first meeting of its kind Tattracted more than 120 scientists from all the circumpolar nations who contributed 70 papers and presentations.

The first lasting legacy of the conference was the publication of the conference proceedings. The conference showed that climate change is measurable, and it is happening more rapidly in the Arc- tic than anywhere else on Earth. Though Gyrfalcons are not yet endangered, evidence points to diminished populations and breeding in the south of their range.

The second lasting legacy will be a long-term project of Gyrfalcon research and collaboration among scientists from the eight nations of the circumpolar north. Climate models have become more sophisticated over the past 20 years as our understanding of climate science has improved, and predictions are now more certain than ever. These models forecast a 50-60% loss of suitable habi- tat for Gyrfalcons and their prey over the next 80 years, a time span equivalent to our grandchil- dren’s lifetime.

The Gyrfalcon is one species in an ecological web that will be affected by a changing climate in the Arctic. Our project will focus not only on important Gyrfalcon population parameters, but on the interactions among Gyrfalcons, their prey, and other species of the Arctic tundra. Our research will help prepare future generations to meet the challenge that climate change presents to the survival of many Arctic species. cal sandfort

4 the peregrIne fund tConference proceedings Inlet. In general, work included surveys published by helicopter, boat, and on foot between The lasting legacy of our successful Steensby Inlet and Milne Inlet from June 2011 conference “Gyrfalcons and to August 2012. More than 368 cliffs have Ptarmigan in a Changing World” was been identified as raptor breeding sites publication of the proceedings, both along the proposed road and rail corri- online and free to anyone in the world dor from Steensby Inlet in the south to with internet access and in print for per- Milne Inlet in the north as part of min- manent archive in the libraries of the ing operations associated with the world. This two-volume, 800-page publi- Baffinland Iron Mine. Of these, 317 were …climate change is measurable, cation included papers, extended surveyed. Raptors occupied 131 sites, and it is happening more rapidly in the abstracts, and transcripts of 73 presenta- while the remaining sites were unoccu- tions and posters given at the confer- pied. Eighteen unique nest sites are Arctic than anywhere else on Earth. ence, and forms a major baseline refer- known to have been used by Gyrfalcons. ence for all future research on climate Nest sites located in the Steensby change effects on Gyrfalcons and Inlet area were monitored more fre- ptarmigan in the Arctic. quently and biologists confirmed that raptors in this area experienced poor tSmall grant provided reproductive success. A total of 54 Pere- The Peregrine Fund provided fund- grine Falcon nests were documented, ing for work on north Baffin Island, compared to 75 in 2011. There were 74 Nunavut, . As part of a larger Rough-legged Hawk nests documented, the region and no Long-tailed Jaegers ming abundance on Baffin Island was project by Arctic Raptors Inc., field which was very similar to the previous recorded breeding in the Regional significantly lower than in 2011 and staff monitored raptor sites for occu- year. Despite surveying the region ear- Study Area. reflects the absence of Snowy and pancy and reproductive success on lier (8 June) and for an additional six Poor reproductive success was likely jaegers breeding in the region. Avian Baffin Island as well as two other study weeks, only three Gyrfalcon nests were due to high rainfall in all study areas. distance sampling indicated that shore- areas (Rankin Inlet, NU and Iglulik, found compared to seven in 2011. Only For example, in the Coxe Islands west of abundance was much reduced. NU). The motivation for the broad- one Gyrfalcon site was successful, pro- Iglulik, 149 mm of rain was recorded Mining operations usually begin in scale survey on Baffin Island was to ducing a single chick. Four Gyrfalcon compared to 35 mm and 22 mm in 2010 early June each year, which prevents delineate the highest density of Pere- nest sites previously classified as and 2011, respectively. At Rankin Inlet, early season occupancy surveys for grine Falcons and Gyrfalcons with the unique locations were reclassified as 126 mm of rainfall was recorded for the Gyrfalcons. As a result, it is suspected goal to further establish the boundary alternates resulting in 18 unique sites. summer, which included a storm that that early season reproductive failure for a long-term study. A total of one Gyrfalcon, 34 Peregrine saw 46.7 mm precipitation in a 24-hour may partly explain low occupancy The study design proposed three sep- Falcons, and 20 Rough-legged Hawks period on 13 and 14 July when most rates, and logistics are being investi- arate areas of study on Baffin Island were banded. One adult Gyrfalcon and clutches were hatching. gated to address this shortfall by put- where 60 sites (20 each) were moni- one adult Peregrine Falcon banded in No lemmings were trapped on the ting field crews into the area one tored throughout the breeding season at 2011 were re-encountered. There were 678 trap nights conducted at Iglulik and month in advance of the start of min- Milne Inlet, Mary River, and Steensby no Snowy Owls recorded breeding in the 600 trap nights at Rankin Inlet. Lem- ing operations.v

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 5 Southwest Idaho is a mosaic of farm- wind energy Impacts on raptors lands, mountains, and desert, bisected by Project Director: Rick Watson the Snake River and home to one of the nation’s largest known concentrations of “As the United States moves to expand wind energy production, it also must maintain and protect the nesting raptors. Nation’s fish and wildlife, and their habitats, which wind energy production can negatively affect. As with all responsible energy development, wind energy projects should adhere to high standards for environmental protection. With proper diligence paid to siting, operations, and management of projects, it is possible to mitigate for adverse effects to fish, wildlife, and their habitats. This is best accomplished when the devel- oper coordinates as early as possible with the Service and other stakeholders. Such coordination allows for the greatest range of development and mitigation options.”

— U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Land-based Wind Energy Guidelines, 2011

he wind energy guidelines are founded upon a tiered approach for assessing potential adverse effects to wildlife species of concern and their habitats. This approach is a decision- Tmaking process for collecting information in increasing detail. It quantifies the possible risks of pro- posed wind energy projects to wildlife species of concern and habitats and evaluates those risks to make site location, construction, and operation decisions. Subsequent tiers refine and build upon issues and efforts in previous tiers. At each tier, a set of questions is provided to help the devel- oper evaluate the potential risk associated with developing a project. This guides a wind devel- oper‘s decision about whether the selected location is appropriate. This decision is related to site- specific conditions regarding potential species and habitat effects.

The Peregrine Fund is assessing the impacts of a new wind energy site near Boise that was built next to one of the nation’s largest known concentrations of nesting raptors. rick watson

6 the peregrIne fund t Mountain Air Wind Energy A Burrowing surveys the high sage desert above the Snake River. Project results Construction of 60 wind turbines by the Mountain Air Wind Energy Project was already well underway when The Peregrine Fund was invited in June 2012 to conduct pre-construction assessment and monitoring of raptors in the area. Construction was completed during August and September 2012, and tur- bines were activated upon completion. The Peregrine Fund located and used existing reports, studies, and data- bases, and conducted field studies to accomplish the following tasks to the extent possible in the time available: • Landscape level assessment of habi- tat for species of concern. • Assess presence of species of concern. • Assess presence of critical congrega- tion areas for species of concern. russell thorstrom • Conduct reconnaissance and field ing and assessment was limited by time. study site visits by biologists. Our objective was to gather as much Biologists used a chartered helicopter to conduct • Help the wind energy project com- information as possible and present it in a municate results of site visits and form that lays out a sound, science-based: aerial surveys… with emphasis on the most likely other assessments to the U.S. Fish and • Evaluation of risk to species of concern. nest and roost sites. Wildlife Service (Service). • Mitigation measures to consider (if • Discuss the extent and design of fur- needed). ther field studies needed with the • Course of post-construction mortality Service. assessment and monitoring. aging sites of species of concern and along rivers, cliffs, and rock outcrops • Evaluate risk to species of concern map their associated habitat features. and on power transmission towers. from project operation. tBird and bat surveys • Identify ways to mitigate potential Biologists were deployed on the tAerial surveys tDatabases direct and indirect impacts of operat- ground over the course of the summer Biologists used a chartered helicop- Biologists accessed existing data- ing the project. to look for birds and bats using stan- ter to conduct aerial surveys within a bases on raptors nesting in the area, Given the late stage of the raptor dard visual and aural survey techniques 10-mile radius of the project site for which proved to be extensive and very breeding season and the advanced status along roads, tracks, and on high vantage nesting Golden and other rap- detailed as a result of the 40-year study of construction on the Mountain Air Wind points. Observation of behavior was tors and large birds, with emphasis on of raptors in the Snake River Canyon by Project, the extent and scope of monitor- used to help identify nest, roost, and for- the most likely nest and roost sites Kochert and Steenhoff.v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 7 sites in California and Arizona and to cine. We plan to continue to vaccinate restoration breeding and display facilities at Los the adults annually. Project Director: Chris Parish Angeles Zoo, Santa Barbara Zoo, and In accordance with the protocol San Diego Zoo Safari Park. established in 2009, each condor chick ince 1996, we have worked with state and federal agencies, tribes, local communities, and Eighteen female condors produced was vaccinated at 30 days of age, given private partners to establish a self-sustaining population of California Condors in Arizona 22 eggs with 21 fertile. Of the fertile eggs, a booster at 60 days of age, and blood andS Utah. 15 stayed in Boise, four were sent to the was drawn for titer testing between 90 Los Angeles Zoo to be placed in wild and 120 days of age. An additional We produce condors in captivity at our World Center for Birds of Prey and release them to the wild nests in central and southern California, booster was administered immediately at Vermilion Cliffs National Monument north of the Grand Canyon. Some of the eggs and birds and two were sent to the Oregon Zoo to after the blood sample was obtained produced in Idaho are exchanged with other facilities to ensure maximum genetic diversity in the assist in successful pair bonding. Seven- between 90 and 120 days of age. total population, which now numbers more than 400 birds. teen of the 21 fertile eggs hatched suc- We depleted our supply of DNA plas- cessfully. In exchange, three fertile eggs mid West Nile Virus vaccine that was for- The condor population has grown substantially since 1982 when only 22 of the huge birds were transferred to Boise from the Los mulated by the Center for Disease Con- remained on Earth. This success is due to captive breeding, release, radio-tracking, and adaptive Angeles Zoo and all hatched success- trol and had to be stored in super-cold fully, bringing the total number of storage at the biology department on management. Our daily monitoring and published data have contributed significantly to the scien- chicks reared in Boise to 15. the campus of Boise State University. We tific knowledge related to this iconic species. We successfully double-clutched two will vaccinate and booster all condor Lead poisoning continues to be the leading cause of diagnosed death in condors and the primary of our most genetically valuable pairs chicks with the Merial Recombitek and two additional pairs to replace Equine West Nile Virus Vaccine from this obstacle to condor recovery. Our research provides solid evidence about the source of lead and infertile and early dead eggs. In Boise, point forward. Also, an aggressive mos- ways to reduce its impact. We are working with game management agencies in Arizona and Utah to we had 95.5% fertility, 83.3% hatchability, quito abatement program continues to limit the chances that condors will consume small fragments of lead in the carcasses and gut piles and 100% chick survival. Of all eggs pro- be maintained at the Boise facility. of deer and other shot . duced in Boise, we had 95.5% fertility, A few changes were made to 81.0% hatchability, and 100% chick sur- improve the facility and behavior of the We believe that voluntary action by hunters and others is the best way to overcome this problem. vival. All 15 chicks hatched at this facil- condors. All existing condor breeding Awareness and education are our best tools for building a wider understanding of what has long ity were parent-reared. One chick in chambers were repaired to secure the been a hidden threat to wildlife. With less lead in the landscape, we are confident that condors Boise has been reared from four days of chain link to the framework at ground will thrive in the wild once again. age by a single adult female after her level where time and erosion had mate was removed for aggressively exposed holes and pathways for skunks attacking her while in the nest box with and badgers to enter chambers. Contin- tResults hatched in 2012. Of the four juveniles, the chick. ued work was done with the addition of California Condor Propagation two are being held for the captive As they have since 2003, the adult a 10,000-gallon-capacity pump on the Of 59 captive California Condors in breeding program and two are being condors in Boise were vaccinated large pool in the socialization pen that Boise, 40 are adults: 18 breeding pairs, held for release in California and Ari- against West Nile virus. We began trap- was installed two years ago that is three Condor Cliffs display birds, and a zona in 2013. Ten juvenile condors ping all condors that had not received a changed and cleaned remotely from mentor bird for juveniles. In addition, reared in Boise, five juveniles reared in vaccine booster within the last two inside of the barn. there are four juveniles from the 2009- Oregon, and one adult condor were years and administered the Merial New cameras and a DVR were pur- 2011 breeding seasons and 15 chicks transferred from our facility to field Recombitek Equine West Nile Virus Vac- continued on page 10

8 the peregrIne fund Lead exposure and mortality Our research has included observations of lead pellets and fragments in the digestive tracts of lead-poisoned condors and the discovery of bullet fragments in rifle-killed deer and coyotes fed on by condors. Radiographs of the remains of deer killed with standard lead-based rifle bullets have revealed numerous frag- ments as the normal condition. The Peregrine Fund continued to focus on lead exposure detection and treat- ment as the essential element in maintaining the population. Since 2000, we have trapped, obtained blood for lead-level analysis, and treated when necessary. With the aid of both GPS-satellite telemetry and ground tracking VHF telemetry, we again found an abrupt increase of blood lead-levels in condors corresponding with increased foraging in hunting areas on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Ari- zona and the Kolob range in southern Utah in the weeks prior to testing. The period of highest exposure is October and November when the deer hunting sea- sons are underway, and the period of greatest lead-caused mortality among con- dors is December and January, reflecting the latency of effect. We collected 95 blood samples (including re-samples), representing 71 of the 75 condors in the wild at the time. Forty-two (59%) of the trapped birds showed lead levels indicative of lead exposure (≥15 µg/dl), down from 49 birds the previ- ous year. Fourteen individuals (20%) revealed lead levels greater than 65 µg/dl, and 18 condors were treated with chelation therapy, down from 19. Note that four of the samples represent exposure events outside of the normal lead-related events occurring after the fall hunting seasons. Condors 123M95 and 297F03 were treated in July and June, respectively, suggesting their exposure event occurred in the months prior to testing. The treatment threshold for chelation continues to vary from year to year in an effort to reduce mortality of birds that have been continually exposed for numer- ous years. Each individual case of lead exposure is independently diagnosed and based not only on blood-lead level but on body condition, frequency of previous known exposures, nesting activity, and other variables. Numbers of birds treated from year to year may therefore not be as indicative of the severity of seasonal exposure as are the toxic blood-lead levels observed through sampling. We collected four dead birds between February and June of 2012 in time to perform necropsies to determine lead toxicosis as the cause of death. Two addi- tional birds went missing and were added to the missing and assumed dead cate- gory, and three died of predation (1 eagle, 2 coyotes). The timing of the disappear- ance of one of the wild-hatched chicks coincided with multiple Golden chris parish Eagle-condor encounters, two of which resulted in injured condors that were reha- bilitated and released. The recent increase in negative condor-eagle interactions is likely due to the relocation of a resident pair of eagles near the release site.

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 9 Breeding summary Proven breeding pair 114M95 and 126F95 produced an egg on chased to be installed in the ization lamp and wand to replace 7 February 2012, the earliest egg produced by the Arizona flock. socialization pen but installa- annual incubator fumigation. In addi- The chick, 659, was first observed on 7 May. The previous day, we tion had to be postponed due tion, ongoing repairs were made to had observed Golden Eagles stooping the parents while they stood to the need to hold back two leaking and damaged pipes in the exist- at the entrance to the nest cave. Predation by eagles may have con- condors that will be released in ing monitored fire protection sprinkler tributed to the disappearance of the chick, last seen 21 July. 2013. We continued the process systems in the breeding barns. Condor 158M97, who lost his previous mate in 2010, re-paired of improving and repairing the with Condor 346F04, who laid an egg in a canyon on the Kaibab video and camera equipment tRelease

eddie feltes Plateau. The attempt failed for unknown reasons just eight days later. used to observe the condors We transferred six captive-bred con- Condors 162M97 and 368F05 were observed in what might have in the breeding chambers. dors (three females and three males) to been trio activity with 388M05 but no evidence of cave selection or New cameras and DVRs were the flight pen at the Vermilion Cliffs egg laying was documented. purchased and installed in release site. All were from the 2011 the Condor Cliffs display and the cohort. There were 81 condors free-fly- Condors 266M02 and 296F03 were observed investigating caves Biologists treat breeding chambers. ing in Arizona. and suspected to have produced an egg but failed to produce a viable chick. Condor 299 for Eggshell fragments were collected below the nest cave but no further infor- lead exposure The Condor Cliffs display was reno- Prior to release, candidates were mation was available. during the 2012 vated to add an opening and tunnel for housed in a 60-by-40-foot flight pen Condors 187M98 and 133F96 produced chick 660 in the Grand Canyon breeding season. the condors in the “cliff” wall to enter a where they were monitored and evalu- National Park, South Rim on the west-facing wall of Bright Angel Canyon. Regular visuals on the trap/holding/feeding room created in ated before being deemed fit for release. chick were documented and the chick was expected to fledge. This same pair produced chick the existing building attached to the dis- Approximately two weeks before release, 633 the previous year and chick 476 in 2008. play. Perching, substrate, heat panels, and each condor was fitted with patagial Condors 257M01 and 393F05 exhibited paired behavior but no nest cave selection or egg a trap door were added to the room. (wing-mounted) number tags and a pair laying were documented. A 10 kW air-cooled propane genera- of patagially-mounted, sometimes retrix- Condors 273M02 and 302F03 were observed in a cave in the Glen Canyon Recreation area tor with automatic transfer switch, heat mounted, radio transmitters produced upriver from Lee’s Ferry. The pair later abandoned the area, suggesting that they had failed to pack, and 120-gallon propane tank was by Advanced Telemetry Systems, Holo- produce a viable egg. installed at the condor incubation facil- hill Systems, Microwave Telemetry, or Condors 299M03 and 343F04 exhibited behavior suggestive of nest-searching and egg laying, ity. The generator turns on and powers Merlin Systems. The transmitters were but abruptly abandoned an area within Zion National Park and returned nearly directly to the the incubation facility automatically either conventional Very High Fre- Vermilion Cliffs release site. Condor 299M03 was trapped and found to have extremely high after a power outage and has enough quency (VHF) or Global Positioning Sys- blood-lead levels requiring treatment. Condor 343F04 also was trapped and held with 299M03 kW to operate and maintain the proper tem (GPS/PTT) instruments. In all, we in an attempt to maintain their pair bond. heat and humidity of all condor egg released 16 condors during the report- Having lost her two previous mates, Condor 210F99 paired again, this time with Condor incubators and chick brooders in use. ing period, the largest number of birds 287M02, resulting in her third chick (674). The chick was produced in Tapeat’s Canyon, deep An Ecolab Energy Star sanitizing released in a single fiscal year. within the Grand Canyon. The chick was visually confirmed, but due to the remote location of dishwasher was purchased and We continued to provide contami- the nest, observations were few and far between. After several attempts to obtain visual obser- installed in the incubation facility to nant-free food on the average of every vations without success, the nest was deemed failed. improve incubation sanitization and three days at the release site in the form Condors 123M95 and 297F03 exhibited behavior suggestive of being paired, but it wasn’t save an estimated 695 gallons of water of dairy calf carcasses. We intensely until later that we understood what might have prevented them from producing — both were during the incubation period. Another monitored newly released condors and treated for toxic levels of lead. It is unclear whether this evidence of exposure affected their improvement to our incubation facility aggressively hazed them away from breeding success, but similar to many cases over the years, the effects of lead exposure may was the purchase and use of a UV steril- unsafe roosts in an attempt to avoid pre- reach beyond simple cases of poisoning and observed lead-caused death. 10 the peregrIne fund concentration and prolonged activity in Field technician Erin Brannon observes California Condors just after a release. canyon regions that were difficult for us to access and remote private lands of southwestern Utah. We used the trans- mitters to locate areas of foraging, espe- cially in connection with lead exposure. We continued to see what has become the normal trend of extended use of Utah, the northern end of the condor’s home range. Most of the birds eventually returned from the hills just outside Zion National Park to the release site as the winter snows made carrion more scarce. This period is

chris parish characterized by an increasing use of the Kaibab and Paria plateaus where condors have continued to encounter lead bullet fragments in the remains of dation by coyotes. Despite our efforts, tWild reproduction on selected condors. These transmitters shot deer, coyotes, and marmots. GPS we observed three deaths from preda- Twelve pairs were observed: two were record hourly position fixes to within transmitters have been especially valu- tion (two coyote and one eagle). tending young from the previous year roughly 50 meters of the actual loca- able in revealing the exact locations of Although condors have gone missing and 10 exhibited breeding behavior. tions and transfer accumulated data condor activity both in real time and in the past, we always hope they will Three of the latter were confirmed incu- each day to orbital satellite arrays. The in retrospect. one day return, just as Condor 176 reap- bating within their respective nest caves technology was especially useful in the Close monitoring of movements also peared after being out of contact for and were later confirmed to contain case of increasingly self-sufficient con- aided us in quickly averting behavioral nearly five months. This year, however, viable young. In all, we have observed 18 dors that failed to regularly return to the problems that still occasionally develop we added two wild-hatched condors to wild-hatched young since 2003. release site, as is now the case for many. among inexperienced condors. We con- the “missing and/or unknown” category, Six individuals wore PTT/GPS trans- tinued to condition them by hazing, which now totals 24 individuals. The tMonitoring of population mitters; we selected these condors on installing aversive conditioning devices ever-increasing independence and uti- Our biologists and field workers the basis of their representation of flock in highly used areas when necessary, lization of habitats in Utah by the con- tracked the daily movements and activi- movement or other considerations and confinement for extreme cases. dor flock, combined with the large ties of condors, a task made more diffi- important to management. We were These measures are intended to break amounts of inaccessible private prop- cult by the increasing numbers of free- able to map entire sequences of move- patterns of undesirable behavior in rela- erty, continue to increase difficulty in ranging birds and their widening ment by GPS-equipped condors; for tion to humans and artificial structures. tracking and monitoring condor behav- tendencies toward long-range move- example, when pairs were forming or Our records show that such condition- ior there. We therefore rely on our ment in this rugged region of limited later prospecting for nest caves, or ing results in improved behavior as the increased knowledge from our years of access. We continue, therefore, to bene- when they made incubation exchanges. birds mature. We continued our public study and adaptive management. fit from satellite-reporting PTT/GPS The transmitters were especially valu- education and outreach efforts in areas transmitters (Microwave Technology) able in revealing locations of condor where condors and humans overlap.v

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 11 Mattson, and Tom Haas and Janice Of the 19 territories in the Matagorda aplomado falcon restoration Newman) safely transported falcons Island National Wildlife Refuge survey Project Director: Brian Mutch from our breeding facility in Boise to area, 68% were occupied. In the Laguna New Mexico and Texas, greatly reducing Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge area, he Northern Aplomado Falcon was once part of a dynamic wildlife community in the south- the stress on the falcons from extended 60% of territories surveyed were occu- western United States and in Mexico. Common in the early 1900s, the species disappeared travel time. pied. Overall, these results reveal a Tfrom the Southwest by 1930 as people converted wide-open grasslands—the birds’ habitat—to decline in occupancy from that farms, towns, and other uses. The last known breeding pair in the United States was observed tTelemetry study observed the previous year. Moreover, As a follow-up to our 2011 study, we observed several unpaired adult near Deming, NM, in 1952; the bird was put on the Endangered Species List in 1986. seven female falcons released in New female falcons at nest sites, particularly Over two decades, The Peregrine Fund has successfully restored a small but thriving number of Mexico and seven female falcons in the Laguna Atascosa area. This prob- Aplomado Falcons in South Texas by releasing birds produced in captivity at our World Center for released at Mustang Island State Park lem is becoming persistent and war- were fitted with satellite PTT transmit- rants investigation. Birds of Prey. We also have released falcons to the wild in West Texas and New Mexico with mixed ters in an effort to further understand In addition to observing an increase results, possibly due in part to persistent and extreme drought in the region. falcon survival and dispersal in these in territories with lone females at nest sites, we continued to see juvenile Habitat that is good for the falcons is good for the survival of other animals, plants, and insects. To environments. Within a few days of being released, males paired with adult females. While promote biological diversity, our Safe Harbor program in Texas has opened more than 2 million one falcon was lost to predation at both this illustrates recruitment of males into acres of otherwise inaccessible private land for the recovery effort. In New Mexico, a 10 (j) experi- the White Sands Missile Range site and the breeding population, it also demon- mental, non-essential designation extends beyond private land to areas managed by federal and at the Mustang Island release site. The strates a lack of available non-breeding state agencies. two PTTs were recovered and rede- adult males. ployed on falcons released in New Mex- Even though the area continued to Adaptive management is a necessary tool in today’s landscape. Artificial nests that use our innova- ico. All the New Mexico falcons with suffer from drought conditions, prey in tive anti-predator design have improved nesting success and productivity. PTTs were eventually presumed lost as the form of small birds and insects, fatalities. Two South Texas falcons with such as cicadas, still seemed to be in Each year brings us closer to our goal of removing the Aplomado Falcon from the Endangered PTTs are being monitored and moving ample supply. The Gulf Coast of Texas is Species List. about 35 miles north and 35 miles rather amazing in its ability to support south of the Mustang Island release such a resource of prey for the falcons sites. We will continue to monitor the even in such tough conditions. tResults a “Nonessential-Experimental Population.” movements and fates of these falcons. While prey availability was not a con- We released 67 Aplomado Falcons In Texas, 35 falcons were released at cern in southern Texas, we found that from three sites in New Mexico and two two sites at Mustang Island State Park. tAplomado Falcon monitoring loss of habitat to brush encroachment sites in Texas. Of those, 73% survived. This was the first release of captive-bred We continued to focus our survey and potential development is a major In New Mexico, 32 falcons were falcons on the Texas coast since 2004 as efforts in South Texas on determining concern in the Laguna Atascosa released on land administered by the an effort to populate suitable habitat occupancy at all known territories. We National Wildlife Refuge study area. The Bureau of Land Management, White between two existing coastal falcon observed a total of 73 falcons, including two most common woody plant species Sands Missile Range, and Armendaris populations. 28 territorial pairs and 15 individuals. In responsible for the encroachment are Ranch. Releases were made under the LightHawk and its team of volunteer all, we surveyed 44 territories in South mesquite and huisache and could be 10(j) Rule, which designates the birds as pilots (Richard and Sandi Hoover, Carl Texas, of which 64% were occupied. closely related to the territory occu-

12 the peregrIne fund pancy problems we are seeing in this A young Aplomado Falcon released at the Armendaris Ranch in part of Texas. New Mexico perches on a yucca stalk within site of the hack box. Fortunately, the refuge has begun work to clear mesquite and huisache and re-open the grassland habitat in one of the falcon territories on the Bahia Grande Unit. This is a great step forward, but much more work will need to be done throughout the study area to effectively improve the falcon’s position on the landscape. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is aware of the need for this habitat work and is beginning to make a presence for the falcon. We hope that in short the size and scope of the habitat improvement proj- ects will grow and have a positive impact on the falcon in southern Texas. We have been advising staff at the Laguna Atascoa refuge and the Ecologi- cal Services office in Corpus Christi on where habitat improvement projects

are needed. paul Juergens Most of the pairs observed at some the coastal Texas population. The total Texas and New Mexico. During spring point during the occupancy survey were number of nestlings observed was 48. surveys in 2009, we had located 10 incubating eggs or brooding young. In We banded 28 nestlings and col- breeding pairs of falcons in these new the Matagorda and Laguna Atascosa lected 29 blood samples from the recovery areas, but the 2010 survey The results were areas, the other pairs were, at the very nestlings for genetic analysis. Addled efforts indicated a loss of eight of those least, observed at a nest site or territory eggs and egg shell fragments also were pairs in West Texas. In 2011, surveys encouraging with an and hunting cooperatively, copulating, etc. collected and will be used in ongoing revealed just one nesting pair in West observed productivity For the first time since 2006, we contaminant studies. We also docu- Texas that managed to fledge two rate of 1.7 young per returned in early June to band and take mented four nest failures. Overall, the young and one pair in New Mexico that blood samples from nestlings in the observed productivity rate is very fledged three young. The 2012 falcon territorial pair for the Laguna Atascosa and Matagorda areas encouraging and further shows the surveys revealed no nesting falcon coastal Texas and collect productivity data from all of effectiveness of the nesting structures in pairs in West Texas or New Mexico and the territorial pairs observed during the ensuring falcons are able to success- only one individual adult falcon in population. occupancy survey. The results were fully nest in this population. each area, providing strong evidence encouraging with an observed produc- We also conducted nesting surveys that recovery of the Aplomado Falcon tivity rate of 1.7 young/territorial pair for in the Chihuahuan Desert area of west in the Chihuahuan Desert is unlikely. conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 13 Aplomado Falcon chicks released 150 Young Released, Young Released, at Texas state park for first time South Texas West Texas & New Mexico 120

n 1 July 2012, biologists began releasing Aplomado Falcons to the wild for the first Established Pairs, time at Mustang Island State Park. South Texas O“We are delighted to have Mustang Island State Park as a partner in this recovery effort,” 90 Established Pairs, said Bill Heinrich. “The park helps fill in a gap between falcon populations that are already West Texas well-established and self-sustaining in South Texas.” & New Mexico Since 1984, The Peregrine Fund has released Aplomado Falcons in wide-open grass- 60 land areas that provide native food and shelter. They are raised in captivity in Boise, Idaho. When chicks are about a month old, they are flown to the release sites by LightHawk, a volunteer aviation group that donates flights for conservation projects. Fast flights on pri- 30 vate aircraft are the best way to ensure that the chicks arrive with little stress and in good overall health, Heinrich said. 0 Over the last three years, LightHawk volunteer pilots have transported more than 200 1993 2007 2009 2000 1994 2003 1995 2011 2005 1998 1991 1996 2001 1999 2010 1992 1978- 1997 2002 2012 2006 2004 2008 Aplomado Falcon chicks to support the reintroduction effort. This latest flight to Texas was 1990 donated by Carl Mattson and Julie Boyd, of Denver, CO, who piloted their Cessna 210 turbo. Long-term commitment: over 34 years, 1,898 Aplomado Falcons were released. In South When the chicks reached Mus- Texas, 28 pairs are established, but recovery in West Texas and New Mexico is hampered by severe drought. tang Island State Park, they were placed at newly constructed “hack tNest structures tMonitoring remnant populations sites.” Each site consists of a large We placed 10 new nest structures: in Mexico wooden box atop a platform raised three on San Jose Island, four on Since 1996, we have monitored nest 10-12 feet off the ground for pro- Matagorda Island, and three in the productivity of a small population of tection from predators. The birds Laguna Atascosa area. We also serviced Aplomado Falcons in Chihuahua, Mexico. were fed while they became accus- 31 nest structures to ensure they were This population has decreased because suitable for use during the nesting season. of drought and the conversion of grass-

tomed to their new surroundings. A brian mutch few days later, the door was Most structures required a minimal lands to agriculture. Native grasslands, opened and the birds were able to amount of maintenance. The new struc- particularly at the Sueco area, continue to fly freely. They were fed and moni- ture design has effectively ensured their be converted to farmland with several ter- tored at the hack site for about two use only by Aplomado Falcons and pro- ritories still threatened by agriculture. months while they honed their flying and hunting skills. vides security from predation. We are working with state and federal Currently about 34 pairs nest in South Texas, spread to the north and south of Mustang agencies and conservation organizations Island, including the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge Complex and Laguna Atascosa tSafe Harbor in Mexico and the United States to National Wildlife Refuge. Of the known pairs of Aplomado Fal- address this issue. Cooperator Alberto For the recovery effort, the falcons have been released on both private and public cons established in Texas, approximately Macias-Duarte located five breeding pairs. lands. The Peregrine Fund has enrolled more than 2 million acres of private Texas ranch- one-third are located on properties If the current trends in grassland conver- land in the Safe Harbor Program, which was developed with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife enrolled in our Safe Harbor program. The sion and reproductive success continue, Service to reduce landowner concerns over endangered species on their property and to Safe Harbor permit includes 57 counties the last known desert-dwelling Aplomado provide access to habitat for the falcon. in South and West Texas. Falcon population in Chihuahua will become extinct during this decade.v

14 the peregrIne fund A Peregrine Falcon pauses gulf oil spill monitoring on the beach at Padre Island, Project Director: J. Peter Jenny Texas, during its autumn migration. lummeting numbers of Peregrine Falcons alerted the world to the environmental dangers of DDT in the 1970s. Now, we are using Peregrine Falcons to measure possible long-term Peffects from the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

As part of a fragile, complicated food web, the falcons serve as bio-indicators. If toxins are present, they will accumulate in ever-larger quantities as they move through the food chain from the small- est organisms to larger predators, such as Peregrine Falcons.

More than 80 percent of Peregrine Falcons from , Canada, Greenland, and the northern United States travel through the Gulf region each spring and fall. Our goal, in cooperation with Earthspan, is to evaluate their exposure to toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). We cap- ture them on the Texas Gulf Coast, look for external signs of oil exposure, and collect a blood sam- ple. The birds are fitted with identification bands and released immediately to continue their migration.

Analyses of the blood samples will be used to evaluate the need for further investigations on sum- mer breeding grounds and further migration sampling. tResults tion and in PAH blood concentrations The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Peregrine Falcons sampled along the released an estimated 5 million barrels Texas Gulf Coast after the oil spill. This of oil into the Gulf of Mexico for four data demonstrates a significant shift in months in 2010. The Peregrine Fund PAH composition. and its partners, Earthspan and the Uni- Through comparisons with similar versity of Connecticut, collected and studies, the source of increased PAH analyzed blood samples from migrating contamination in 2010 and 2011 was elston devon Peregrine Falcons at South Padre Island, likely due to crude oil, which was not These factors warrant the need for The analysis of PAHs in Peregrine Fal- Texas, and Assateague Island, Maryland, present the year prior to the spill. Percent continued monitoring of blood PAH con blood provide a convenient and to measure pre- and post-spill concen- occurrence and blood concentrations of concentrations. To our knowledge, this relatively rapid method, with little distur- trations of polycyclic aromatic hydro- PAH burdens have decreased in 2012. is the first field study in which levels of bance to birds, for monitoring PAH con- carbons (PAH) from 2009-2012. However, blood concentrations remain PAHs were measured nondestructively tamination in their avian food chain. Current results from this study above pre-oil spill levels and PAH pro- in Peregrine Falcons with the purpose Overall, our study demonstrates the use demonstrate that there was an files suggest a petrogenic origin, differing of monitoring oil pollution in a coastal of Peregrine blood as a monitoring tool increased incidence of PAH contamina- from sampling periods prior to the spill. environment after a large oil spill. for oil exposure. v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 15 american kestrel partnership

Project Director: Matt Giovanni michele l. mooney l. michele he American Kestrel is colorful, easy to identify, widespread, and has a american strong affinity for nestboxes — all of which make it an ideal candidate for kestrel aT partnership between citizen scientists and professional scientists. partnership a project of The Peregrine Fund Evidence shows long-term declines of American Kestrel populations in many regions of . The causes are unknown, largely because of insufficient data, highlight- ing the need for producing information and conservation strategies.

In April 2012, we launched the American Kestrel Partnership to coordinate a web-based network of locally managed nestbox monitoring programs that create habitat and generate data for under- standing relationships between nesting and environmental factors.

Kestrel enthusiasts have monitored nesting kestrels for more than half of a century, but a network for combining these efforts and data did not exist until now. The American Kestrel Partnership pro- matt giovanni vides a central place for this valuable information and tools for kestrel enthusiasts to communicate and share resources. We are grateful for the generosity of all those who contributed to the success- ful launch of the Partnership and continue to enthusiastically support its achievements and goals. More than 900 nesting boxes went up

across North America in 2012; participants christinethody, springcreek prairie auduboncenter include volunteers in Montana (above) a high school environmental science class in New York (top), and families in Nebraska (right).

tResults sion of grasslands to row crops; climate The American Kestrel Partnership change; environmental contaminants, vation goals is largely dependent on viewers also generated data while exceeded expectations in its pilot year: like rodenticides, lead, mercury, PBDEs, engaging and energizing citizens across watching the nesting kestrels by logging more than 400 kestrel enthusiasts from and PCBs; and abundance of predators the Western Hemisphere to build, install, their observations online, resulting in a across North America and Latin Amer- and cavity competitors, like the maintain, and monitor kestrel nestboxes. database containing more than 3,000 ica joined and generated 2,500 nesting Cooper’s Hawk and European Starling, That requires maximizing project expo- observations of prey deliveries and observations from 900 kestrel boxes. respectively. The American Kestrel Part- sure and promotion to the public. The other behaviors. The Partnership’s rapidly growing data- nership is well on its way to elucidating Partnership’s KestrelCams streamed live As public outreach and participation base is supporting the most extensive these ecological relationships and video of a nesting pair to thousands of in the American Kestrel Partnership study in history for understanding rela- applying them to conservation strate- viewers across the globe, generating continue to gain steam, we are continu- tionships between kestrel nesting and gies at unprecedented spatial scales. more than 500,000 webpage views in ally developing novel tools to maintain influential environmental factors. less than two months, and were fea- dynamic, engaging, and supportive rela- For example, nesting could be influ- tCitizen science tured on the Cornell Lab of Ornithol- tionships with our many partners. Our enced by land use, such as the conver- Achieving our research and conser- ogy’s Bird Cams website. KestrelCam website provides many interactive tools

16 the peregrIne fund and resources for partners to network Two young male kestrels explore their urban with one another and share resources environment in Providence, Rhode Island. and knowledge. We helped fund and coordinate establishment of large nestbox pro- grams for the Minnesota, Texas, and Yosemite Audubon chapters with a small grants program. We also devel- oped a Student Gear Grant program that provided high-grade spotting scopes and binoculars to seven students study- ing American Kestrels at six universities. tResearch Committee Engaging and partnering with the kestrel research community is critical for achieving research goals that can inform conservation planning at large spatial scales, including North America and potentially even much of the Amer- ican Kestrel’s full range across the West- ern Hemisphere. To achieve advanced research of the highest impact, we designed a Research Committee to Webcams mounted build collaborative teams and projects in a nest box give with professional scientists. The com- viewers an intimate mittee consists of about 60 scientists understanding of nesting behavior. with active or developing kestrel research programs and several subcom- mittees focused on pursuing grants for specific areas of research, such as nest- ing ecology, migration, toxicology, and genetics. By cooperating and making our kestrel research efforts collective and coordinated, the Research Committee has the potential to take American Kestrel research to unprecedented lev-

els of impact and spatial scale.v providenceraptors.com © peter green conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 17 bout one-third of the world’s birds of prey are found in the Neotropics, but theA landscape is being rapidly altered, making loss of habitat a serious concern. Conservation is an urgent global priority in this large region, which extends from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central America and South America, including the Galapagos and Falklands islands.

Central America and the Caribbean are particularly important because of the limited extent of remaining forest, diversity of species, and large number of migrating birds that winter there.

In the 1980s, we began focusing on the Harpy Eagle, Orange-breasted Falcon, and other birds of prey. Since then, we have added the Ridgway’s Hawk and supported student research on a variety of other Neotropical species.

Education is an essential part of our comprehensive approach to conservation in the Neotrop- ics. We work with local communities to build respect and appreciation for birds of prey, and we support university students conducting research on the status of little-known species.

Our time-tested, hands-on, science-based approach has a unique and valuable role for con- servation in the Neotropics. Our investments now will strongly influence conservation actions and raptor research for decades to come.

The Ridgway’s Hawk is vulnerable because of its small population size and limited range.

thomas hayes

18 the peregrIne fund Since 2008, a total of west Indies project 37 young hawks have Project Director: Russell Thorstrom been released. ur West Indies Project is the only known conservation effort to save threatened birds

of prey in the Caribbean region. We currently are focused on the critically endan- thomas hayes thomas Ogered Ridgway’s Hawk. ing with Fundación Propa-Gas to conduct a national environmental Historically, the hawk was found throughout the island of Hispaniola, where the Dominican education campaign and assist in Republic and Haiti are located, but our research showed that the breeding population community development in Los occurs only in Los Haitises National Park in eastern Dominican Republic. After thoroughly Limones. A presentation was given to 30 personnel of the Ministry of Envi- searching, surveying, and monitoring this population for a decade, we determined that only about Young hawks are relocated about one ronment on the Ridgway’s Hawk proj- 300 individual birds remained, leaving them vulnerable to extinction through catastrophic events week prior to fledging. ect and objectives. We began forging a such as fire, hurricane, or disease. paniola Royal Palms (Roystonea hispan- relationship and contacts with the Natu- iolana) to prevent them from falling ral History and Zoo in Santo To reduce this risk, in 2008 we began an experimental “assisted dispersal” project to learn if breed- down. We carried out nestling manage- Domingo. ing pairs could be reestablished in former range outside of the national park. Young birds are col- ment with 20 young birds infested with lected from nests about one week prior to fledging and transferred to a structure where they are the parasitic Philornis fly larvae. They tDeveloping local capacity fed, monitored, and released. were treated with diatomaceous earth, through training Ivermectin, Sevin dust, and Fipronil, In Dominican Republic, we are We currently are releasing the birds in good habitat on private land owned by Central Romana Cor- resulting in 17 of the young surviving to developing local capacity for raptor poration, Ltd. and Grupo PuntaCana. We also are working with local communities to reduce fledging. The worst case of Philornis conservation by supporting and train- chances that the birds will be shot and killed. Though still in its early stage, we are encouraged that infestation observed was in one ing biological field assistants from Los assisted dispersal can be successful at preventing extinction of the Ridgway’s Hawk. nestling with 110 larvae removed. Since Limones. The Hispaniola Ornithological the first experimental assisted dispersal Society has provided and release in 2008, a total of 37 young conservation training to several park tResults the 36 fledglings, 33 were banded. At hawks have been released: 20 at Loma guards and local persons from commu- We conducted a population survey Punta Cana, one of the five young la Herradura and 17 at Punta Cana. nities bordering the park, especially in throughout most of Los Haitises hawks released died from suspected We conducted an educational cam- the Los Limones area. They are assisting National Park and recorded 26 territo- predation and one from electrocution. paign to make people aware of the in monitoring the nesting pairs of Ridg- rial and 20 nesting pairs. At Los Also, one bird from the 2011 release was Ridgway’s Hawk by visiting 237 people way’s Hawks within the park. Samuel Limones, 49 nesting territories were found dead, probably due to human during a door-to-door visit in five com- Balbuena and several assistants have monitored and 46 pairs produced 67 persecution. At Loma la Herradura, one munities near the two release sites. We conducted the assisted dispersal nestlings (50 were from first nesting of the five hawks released succumbed are designing an educational brochure releases of young Ridgway’s Hawks to attempts and 17 from second nesting to an unknown cause, but predation on the Ridgway’s Hawk with the Punta private and protected land holdings attempts) of which 36 fledged success- was suspected. Cana Ecological Foundation for hand- owned by Central Romana Ltd., the fully, including 10 taken to Punta Cana Our nest management activities ing out to visitors to Punta Cana. We largest national company in Dominican and Loma la Herradura release sites. Of included reinforcing seven nests in His- drafted a memorandum of understand- Republic, and Grupo PuntaCana.v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 19 technicians from this community col- landscape with no problems. Both indi- harpy eagle conservation lected behavior and diet data. A juve- viduals show cryptic behavior, which Project Director: Hernán Vargas nile was observed flying around the reduces the risks of being injured or nest and being fed by the parents. killed by humans. n 2000, we began studying the largest known wild population of Harpy Eagles in Central Amer- We captured and tagged one adult ica, located in the Darien Province in Panama, building on field work that began in 1992. tHabitat description female Harpy Eagle with both PTT and I To identify how the landscape is VHF radio transmitters. This eagle’s ID is The wild Darien birds are important as a “source population” that could restore eagles to places structured, we compared forest changes KZ. She was very evasive and difficult to where people have shot them out of their remaining habitat. through the years at each nest to deter- observe, however she was healthy and mine whether a relationship exists seen hunting, flying, and bringing food Through this project, we have established a replicable model that involves training local residents, between the loss of forest cover and to her young. conducting research and environmental education, and building awareness and involvement in reproductive activity. We are analyzing To understand habitat requirements, communities that must learn to co-exist with Harpy Eagles. the forest cover in different periods we captured four wild juveniles between (1993, 2000, 2006, and 2008) in relation 1.5 and 2 years. to the locations of nests using Geo- After capture, we monitored the juve- tMortality, nest searches, Harpy Eagle nest report in Dos Bocas graphic Information Systems. Prelimi- niles and did not observe any sign of monitoring stream. We did not observe breeding nary analysis showed how the land- negative effects of the transmitters on No reports of dead or injured wild activity, however we presume that this scape is changing and provided normal behavior. The birds continued Harpy Eagles were received in our nest exists because the informant information about the species’ toler- to be fed by the parents and fly around study site or other areas of the province knows the species very well. ance to human pressure in the habitat. the nests without problems. of Darien. We continued to evaluate our We made transects around main We are working with these character- conservation efforts by revising older nests to find alternative nests for two ized maps to analyze the landscape tTraining data from diagnostic interviews and pairs in Ignacea and Chati Streams. We structure close to and around the nest Since starting the project in 2000, we records of Harpy Eagles injured or found an alternative nest for the Chati locations to identify possible threats have trained 53 Panamanians in educa- killed, and we identified that over the Stream pair and observed a chick about that could affect the breeding produc- tion and research techniques using a years, fewer cases occurred in the Chep- three months old. The nest is located in tivity where nests are close to disturbed participatory strategy to increase the igana district (our study area). It is the border of a primary forest. forest or agricultural areas. knowledge and empowerment among important to continue reinforcing con- We monitored 45 Harpy Eagle nests the local people in conservation issues. servation messages and educating local and assessed the breeding status of 33 tMovement, dispersal, habitat We trained seven technicians and three people about conservation values. known pairs. In the first and second selection volunteers. Calixto Conampia and We continued to search for Harpy quarters, eight territories were active We stopped radio tracking two Harpy Arilio Ismare are being trained in envi- Eagle nests. We found a huge structure (five with juveniles, one with incubation, Eagles tagged with leg bands LR and ronmental education techniques. in a Cuipo tree but did not see any evi- and two with adults present). In the KC. The transmitters of both eagles did Technicians Arilio Ismare, Calixto dence that it was a Harpy Eagle nest. We third and fourth quarters, six territories not emit signals and ground searches Conampia, and Darisnel Carpio partici- have included it in our monitoring were active, all with juveniles present. and airplane searches were not suc- pated in the conference “Industrial schedule. We also found a Crested Eagle Because the Crested Eagle is another cessful. Past data obtained from the Resource Extraction and Infrastructure nest in a patch of primary forest, but all important species to conserve, we eagles suggests that they are still alive Development in Tropical Forests” organ- the forest around is destroyed or is sec- established a schedule to monitor the because they were observed hunting ized by The Environmental Leadership ondary forest. We also tried to confirm a nest close to Cémaco Community. The and moving through different types of and Training Initiative and the Smith-

20 the peregrIne fund Harpy Eagles are neotropical sonian Tropical Research Institute. among the largest raptors in the world. We continued to support the formal raptor network education of our technicians and vol- Project Coordinator: Marta Curti unteers. Two technicians (Calixto Conampia and Rutilio Calderón) fin- e created the Neotrop- ished their high school education, one ical Raptor Network at technician (Arilio Ismare) concluded Wthe urging of attendees at the first level of high school education, and Darisnel Carpio is in the fourth the 2002 Neotropical Raptor year of university to get a bachelor’s Conference who wanted to foster better com- degree in Community Development. munication and collaboration among the Mr. Indalecio Mecheche (technician), biologists, ornithologists, falconers, raptor and Mr. Indalecio Mecheche, Jr., and enthusiasts, and other conservationists work- Nercio Flaco (volunteers) were also ing in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, supported in their formal education in the first level of high school education. and South America. tResults tEnvironmental education In conjunction with the 2011 paul spurling We participated in two FestiHarpias, Neotropical Ornithological Confer- providing information to more than ence in Peru, we hosted a raptor sym- 2,500 people. We shared information posium on Micrastur and Leucopternis. related to the biology, ecology, and Ten individuals supported by The Pere- behavior of the Harpy Eagle with chil- problems that could affect the persist- Eagle World” (similar to a monopoly grine Fund participated in the confer- dren, youth, and adults. We also talked ence of the species, and the needs for game) and “Memory Table” with birds ence and contributed 13 presenta- about our progress results in the local actions to decrease threats such of prey of Panama and the prey of tions, five of which were given as part Research and Conservation Program as forest degradation and new land Harpy Eagles. We used both games, of the raptor symposium. in Darien. We gave environmental invaders. The same explanations were and the results were impressive. Peo- We have begun collaborations with talks and carried out various training offered to the Embera and Wounaan ple enjoyed participating and asked us Raptor Research Foundation and the education activities for more than 400 traditional authorities in a General to share the games and make them World Working Group on Birds of Prey people in Chepigana, La India, Llano Congress. The audience for this activ- available to universities such as the to organize a joint conference to be Bonito, Cémaco, and Quintín commu- ity was more than 300 people. University of Panama. held in Argentina in October 2013. nities. The talks were about Harpy It is important to develop more As a formal way to educate and dis- The 12th and 13th editions of the Eagles and their threats in Darien and environmental educational games to seminate project information, techni- electronic Neotropical Raptor Net- about how conserving the Harpy involve and teach the children and cian Darisnel Carpio and the project work Newsletter, Spizaetus, were pub- Eagles benefits local people. teens about the Harpy Eagle. To this coordinator J. de J. Vargas González lished on the network’s website in Eng- To inform the local environmental end, we designed two environmental participated in the IX Neotropical lish, Spanish, and Portuguese and are authority of Panama about our conser- games about the Harpy Eagle and Ornithology Congress in Cuzco, available as permanent files for mem- vation work, we met and explained other raptors. One of the games is Peru.v bers. The membership on the list- how our work is going, the current called “An Adventure in the Harpy server has increased from 347 to 360.

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 21 hatched chicks, which we assumed the much higher Temple IV. orange-breasted falcon project would not be lethal. Subsequent sur- We placed a vulture-exclusion nest Project Director: Robert Berry veys after fledging disclosed the adult box in a sink hole in Belize after the res- falcons but not the juveniles, which are ident pair suffered two failed nesting wo decades of research has confirmed that the northern population of Orange-breasted Fal- presumed to have perished from the attempts on exposed ledges clearly visi- cons in Belize and Guatemala is isolated by ~1,500 km from the little known South American bot fly infestation. ble to abundant Black . While Tpopulation and is in steep decline, numbering fewer than 40 territorial pairs that occupy less than We are unable to quantify the poten- our initial thoughts centered on Black 4% of their prior range in Central America. The species’ specialized habitat requirements, low tial mortality from these insects, which Vulture predation, further reflection sug- we have recorded sporadically since gests that aberrant parental behavior reproductive rate, and mortality by natural predators, especially the , along with the the 1980s. Pending their identification, may be responsible. Vultures or a mam- cumulative effects of habitat alteration, fragmentation, and human conflicts all help to explain the the fly species may be proliferating malian predator such as a rat or Tayra species’ high extinction risk. along with local livestock as their prin- (seen at the eyrie) would almost cipal host and pose a larger threat to assuredly have eaten all of the eggs and Beginning in 2007, we began introducing a small number of captive-bred falcons of Panamanian the falcons similar to an increasing vul- broken the shells. Coincidentally, a cap- origin into the Belize population to enhance genetic diversity and help mitigate further population ture population. We have developed a tive pair that laid a very late clutch ate declines. Conservation will be achieved by introducing captive-bred birds and by incorporating protocol to purge and innoculate chicks the top and contents of their first egg “safe” nest boxes on natural cliffs that deter predation. from inevitable future infestations. similar to the eggs in Belize. Our contin- We received our first return from a ued efforts to monitor vulture popula- Our knowledge of the species’ population dynamics increases through surveys, color banding, and male banded in May of 2011, one of tions at Orange-breasted Falcon eyries direct observation. Continued research will provide answers to complex challenges faced by this only five juveniles banded. The juvenile may help elucidate the potential role of imperiled species such as shooting and lethal parasites encountered in 2012. was reported shot in December less Black Vultures in nest failures. than five kilometers from its eyrie, the We collected egg shell fragments and first evidence that intentional human blood from four eyries in tResults found near death, literally being con- persecution is a factor in the species’ Belize. We submitted DNA from about Field Report: Belize and Guatemala sumed by bot fly larva, the first case decline. Unlike Guatemala, Belize regu- 35 wild and captive blood samples, We conducted ground surveys at 20 seen by the principal investigator since lates gun ownership, although sophisti- feathers, and egg shell fragments for of the 31 known Orange-breasted Fal- 1993—probably because virtually all cated air rifles are not regulated and microsatellite DNA analysis to help con territories and 13 were occupied: cliff climbing and banding ceased after there are no laws protecting avian measure the relatedness between the six in the Mountain Pine Ridge of a potentially fatal attack by a swarm of species or other wildlife. OBF populations in Belize and Panama Belize’s Maya Mountains (only half the killer bees that inhabit the cliffs. We We had installed two artificial nest and the genetic variability between territories occupied in the 1990s), one resumed climbing and banding in 2011 boxes in Tikal Park in 2010 to see if we individual falcons. We are seeking clues in the southern mountains, and six in with the protection of a full body bee could attract a second resident pair. from the genome that inbreeding the Peten of Guatemala. Only two young suit. The distressed chicks were res- The historic pair nested in one of our depression may be contributing to the fledged in Guatemala and none in cued, purged of larva, and imported artificial boxes placed in the exact loca- decline in our study population and a Belize, the lowest productivity recorded into our breeding colony because of tion where they had nested on Temple solution to fecundity related issues in in the small northern population since potentially diminished fitness to survive II in prior years. The single juvenile dis- the captive population such as dysfunc- monitoring began two decades ago. in the wild. appeared shortly after fledging as the tional pair bonding and high embryo During banding operations in Belize, We discovered a minimal infestation location does not offer the security mortality seldom seen in captive fal- two nestlings about 15 days old were in a second eyrie in Belize that from abundant avian predators as does con species.

22 the peregrIne fund tThe hack site Reintroduction of captive-bred birds is typically employed as a last-ditch 2010 captive-reared “B1” pair-bonded with wild female effort for a species extirpated from all "Caya" at the hack site. We are or a portion of its former range. Our pri- hopeful that conditioning the mary restoration efforts are focused on pair to nest in a tree-mounted genetic rescue of the small extant pop- nest box will be successful. ulation in Belize and Guatemala by adding unique genes from a small but stable and reproductively viable popu- lation of falcons in the Darien of Panama. We have released 30 captive-bred Orange-breasted Falcons over the past six years. Twenty-one are thought to have reached independence, at least five were killed by Black-and-white Hawk-Eagles, and four disappeared and are presumed dead. After moving the hack site to “Bob’s Point,” 15 of 17 juveniles hacked from 2009-12 reached independence and dispersed. The site is located on a high knob on the end of a long narrow peninsular ridge with near-vertical slopes on three sides, pro- viding the advantage of height when pursued by an avian predator. In 2012, four falcons—one female and three males—were released from a new hack tower (see photo). Soon after fledging they started catching insects and developing their flying skills through play.Their games of chase and

keep-away help hone their future hunt- robert berry photos by ing prowess and may prepare them for Volunteer pilot Jack Long has flown our juvenile falcons to Belize in his food exchanges during courtship. private aircraft on behalf of LightHawk Conservation Flying Service for Despite their early focus on games the past two years. He and his wife Carolyn observe as Brian Mutch, with inanimate objects and the pursuit Scott Newbold, and Camille Meyers hoist the precious cargo onto the of insects, the fledglings do not attempt newly constructed hack site platform.

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 23 photos by robert berry to chase and kill feathered quarry until Looking down at a mated pair of Orange-breasted Falcons at Falls, Mountain Pine Ridge, Belize. The male (inset) is captive-bred and color-banded E5. the height of the fall migration in Sep- tember and October. The timing is simi- lar at wild eyries where parents con- tinue to feed offspring at least sporadically through late summer or early fall. Our feeding schedule at the hack mimics these strategies by providing food as long as necessary. Feeding was termi- nated a month later than prior years, possi- bly the result of spo- radic feeding that may have condi- tioned the three males to an occasional free lunch, as all had been observed with wild kills. A 2010-released male (B1) adopted the hack site as his territory in 2011 along with a wild adult female we named Caya in 2011, possibly attracted by the hacking juveniles and/or B1. Caya’s presence for the past two sea- sons remains a mystery.We don’t like to think that B1 was the only bachelor she could find. Until recently, she has hunted for herself as far as we know. We collected the first tangible evidence that a We are navigating uncharted waters in an effort to condition the pair to nest in captive-bred, tower-released Orange-breasted a tree-mounted artificial nest box at the Falcon can adapt to a natural cliff and bond and hack site. We are greatly encouraged that our strategy is working as the pair mate successfully with a wild partner. is now mutually feeding in the nest box and copulating!

24 the peregrIne fund Outpouring of support We collected the first tangible evi- but not to this extent, and embryo mor- rescues chicks from infestation dence that a captive-bred, tower- tality is not a significant factor in the released Orange-breasted Falcon can captive propagation of other falcon wo falcons recovered from a near-fatal attack from bot fly larva and are safe in a Peregrine adapt to a natural cliff and bond and species. Fund facility, thanks to the herculean efforts of numerous government agencies, veterinary mate successfully with a wild partner. A Many fecundity-related issues have Texperts, and conservation groups. 2010-released male (E5) was observed afflicted the breeding program, which Bot flies are parasites that lay their eggs in the skin of animals. The larvae feed on the tissues courtship-feeding and copulating with may have genetic implications. Prelimi- of the host , often with fatal results in young birds. a wild female at King Vulture Falls in the nary microsatellite DNA testing suggests “We found the dying chicks in a semi-conscious Maya Mountains of Belize, one of only a an extreme lack of heterozygosity in state during routine banding operations in the few popular birding destinations with both the captive and wild populations. Maya Mountains of Belize,” said Robert B. Berry, professionally guided tours to see Four chicks were produced for release Orange-breasted Falcon program director. “Some Orange-breasted Falcons and other in 2012 and the single second-clutch authorities suggested euthanasia.” wildlife (www.hiddenvalleyinn.com). fledgling was added to the breeding

Berry and his team, who regularly monitor matt allshouse The Inn provides critical logistical sup- colony. Orange-breasted Falcons in Belize and port for our program in Belize. The Guatemala, opted to save the rare birds with the pair’s behavior confirmed the presence tGlobal status upgraded to help of medical experts in the of eggs or small young before the nest “near threatened” United States and Belize. After mysteriously failed, similar to failed The International Union for the Con- a week of hands-on treatment, attempts in many prior years. We are servation of Nature revised its global the chicks had regained their cautiously optimistic about this pair, ranking of extinction risk for the

sight, were eating well, and on berry robert which would represent an important Orange-breasted Falcon from the 2008 their way to recovery. milestone in the restoration process. Red List category of “least concern” to “Nonetheless, we faced a “near threatened,” based largely upon dilemma, as both the literature tCaptive propagation The Peregrine Fund’s recommendation and our medical experts opined The captive breeding colony consists and 2010 peer-reviewed paper in the that the chicks were unlikely to of 27 falcons, equally divided between journal Condor. survive if they were released, males and females, including 15 wild Based upon three decades of study, something we had not consid- founders (11 from Panama and four we recommended a regional ranking ered,” said Berry, a lifelong fal- from Belize) and 12 captive-bred prog- of “endangered” for Central America, coner and raptor breeder who eny. Forty-five falcons have been raised and a category of “data deficient” in raises Orange-breasted Falcons in captivity for release to the wild. “I believed the chicks would since 2006, including two visually South America despite the sparse be a valuable addition to the captive breeding program and provide long-term data on the impaired females that are not included numbers of records submitted to Cor- impact of bot fly infestation.” in the breeding colony totals. nell’s eBird. We are pleased with the The researchers had just two weeks to arrange a complex array of permits for a return flight Seven individual females laid a total IUCN’s decision as a higher category of to The Peregrine Fund’s captive-breeding facility in Sheridan, WY, aboard a private aircraft sup- of 33 eggs, 25 in their first clutch. Twelve vulnerable or endangered would do plied by LightHawk, a volunteer aviation group that donates flights for conservation projects. appeared fertile, all by artificial insemi- little to benefit the survival of the “With multiple government agencies in two nations involved, permits seemed impossible,” nation, but only four hatched. Embryo species and likely make our work Berry said, “but we were wrong!” mortality has plagued prior productivity, much more difficult.v

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 25 seemed to be influenced by cattle den- One adult female and two juveniles neotropical science sity was the Harris’s Hawk. tagged with VHF transmitters were radio Raptors responded differently to cat- tracked. and student education tle density with the more threatened Six eagles (2 adults, 1 subadult, and 3 Project Director: Hernan Vargas species (Gray-backed Hawk and Black juveniles) were found dead due to shoot- Hawk-Eagle) negatively affected by ing, electrocution, fires, and drowning. he Neotropics, a huge region from Mexico to Argentina including the Caribbean, supports increasing values of cattle. Among these mortalities, one subadult about one-third of the world’s species of birds of prey, some of which may be in jeopardy, With supervisor Hernan Vargas, female tagged with VHF and a juvenile Tbut about which little is known. In 2005, we began addressing the urgent need for more knowl- Renzo updated the IUCN-Birdlife fact tagged with a PTT also were killed. sheet for the Gray-backed Hawk. His Images of parental care and feeding edge of these species with a project to support, encourage, and train Latin American students con- study highlights the importance of the frequency of nestlings recorded by ducting research on Neotropical birds of prey. Cerros de Amotape National Park, the video cameras at 13 nests, monitored in Our goal is to conserve biodiversity and enable people to co-exist with birds of prey. We believe that Tumbes National Reserve, and buffer 2010 and 2011, were analyzed and are areas for the conservation of the included in a manuscript of parental our investment will pay off in decades to come as communities rely on well-trained and educated species globally. care in preparation. local experts and scientific research to find effective ways to conserve birds of prey and their habitat. Research Biologist Jose Hernan tARGENTINA Sarasola: Conservation Genetics of the tPERU Hawk (Leucopternis occidentalis), Short- Ph.D. student Maximiliano Galmes: Endangered Crowned Eagle Ph.D. student Renzo Piana: Abun- tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus), King Ecology and Conservation of the The objective of this research was to dance, ecological segregation, and Vulture (Sarcorhamphus papa), Great Crowned Eagle in Central Argentina complete the laboratory process of test- responses to habitat change across a Black Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga), Eleven nests were active during the ing microsatellite markers and genotyp- diurnal raptor community in northwest- and Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyran- breeding season between September ing eagle’s DNA samples. José H. Sara- ern Peru (2008 – ongoing) nus). A distribution model was also 2011 and February 2012; six of them sola and three Ph.D. students (Claudina Renzo submitted his thesis in developed for the widely distributed were successful and produced fledg- Solaro, Maximiliano Galmes, and Juan December 2012 on the “Ecology and Harris’s Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). lings. Of the unsuccessful nests, four Ignacio Zanón Martinez) traveled to conservation of a diurnal raptor com- Average canopy height and percent- nests failed at the incubation stage Seville, Spain, to be trained by David munity within a protected area in age of vegetation cover from 5 to 15 m while in one nest laying did not occur. Canal (Ph.D. candidate) in the Molecu- northwestern Peru.” The first chapter, appeared to have an effect on the distri- Four successful nests from the 2010- lar Ecology lab of the Doñana Biologi- “Diversity, community structure, and bution of Gray-backed Hawk, Great 11 breeding season were used again in cal Station. niche characteristics within a diurnal Black Hawk, and King Vulture, while per- the 2011-12 breeding season suggesting DNA samples (114) were collected raptor assemblage of northwestern Peru” centage of vegetation cover from 5 to that at least some pairs nest annually. from wild and captive eagles and also was published in the May issue of The 15 m influenced the distribution of This year, for the first time, PTTs were from skins deposited in in Condor (114:279-289). Black Hawk-Eagle and Harris’s Hawk. attached to five nestlings (average age Argentina, some of them being 100 He developed species distribution Elevation also influenced the distribu- 50 days) to study habitat use, dispersal years old. models for six diurnal raptor species. Of tion of Harris’s Hawk and Great Black movements, home ranges, and causes Thirty-seven polymorphic microsatel- these, five species only occur in the Hawk while number of stems influ- of mortality post-fledging. PTTs were lite loci isolated for seven raptor North West Biosphere Reserve (NWBR) enced that of the Short-tailed Hawk and donated by Microwave Telemetry and species (order ) were in extreme northwest Peru: Gray-backed King Vulture. The only species that the Center for Conservation Biology. chosen for testing amplification in the

26 the peregrIne fund Crowned Eagle. Thirteen loci were quent habitat changes. Kite Leptodon cayanensis, Pearl Kite Mari Cruz Jaramillo monomorphic and four showed unspe- Survivorship of territorial hawks Gampsonix swainsoni, Crane Hawk Ger- cific amplifications that, despite new declined after the goat eradication but anospiza caerulescens, and Black-and- attempts to optimize PCR conditions, was higher in groups than in pairs, pre- White Hawk Eagle Spizaetus melanoleu- could not be eliminated. The remaining sumably reflecting the benefit of shared cus) increased the total number of 18 loci were sequenced to ensure that defense and offspring provisioning dur- raptor species to 26, indicating high the homologous microsatellite region ing harsher conditions. species richness in these areas. was being amplified. Change in hawk survivorship after Francisco geoprocessed a GIS vege- The results of this cross-amplification goat eradication is an example of tation/land cover map of the state of process provided for the first time unforeseen consequences of an eradi- Mato Grosso do Sul which will be used molecular markers for the Crowned cation program aimed at ecosystem to estimate habitat availability from the Eagle that would be useful for future restoration. different vegetation classes in the map studies on population genetics and Prof. Patricia Parker: Ecology, sociality and correlate habitat variables with rap- conservation of this endangered and demography of Galapagos Hawks tor count and occurrence data.

species. The results of this work were david anchundia Census, assessments of reproductive Recorded road-kills totaled 202 indi- published in issue 4, volume 12 (July Rats were a significantly greater pro- activity, and evaluation of group mem- viduals of 27 species: 14 birds and 21 2012) of the Molecular Ecology portion of the hawks’ diet after goat bership of territorial hawks were com- mammals, including domestic species Resources Journal. eradication than before, suggesting an pleted on James Bay and Sullivan Bay and prey species for raptors. Among explosion of the rat population as vege- study sites, Santiago Island. road-killed raptors, four Black Vultures tECUADOR tation recovered. Surveys for un-paired adults Coragyps atratus, two Turkey Vultures M.Sc. student Mari Cruz Jaramillo: We did not find a significant increase (floaters) were conducted for 10 days aura, four Southern Caracaras Feeding Ecology of the Galapagos Hawk in rat density when measured directly. for a total of 80 hours of observation. Caracara plancus, and a Burrowing Owl after goat eradication This may suggest that the hawks are Five new hawks were banded, but Athene cunicularia were counted. Ecuadorian student Mari Cruz controlling the rat numbers. blood samples were taken from 19 indi- Francisco completed all credits of Jaramillo obtained her M.Sc. degree at M.Sc. student, Jose Luis Rivera: Sur- viduals (37 longmires, 36 smears) for his Ph.D. program and participated in a the University of Missouri, Saint Louis vivorship of the Galapagos Hawk after genetic and health evaluation. course on Distance Sampling methods with this study to compare prey items goat eradication and Distance Program needed for data brought to nests following goat eradica- Although Jose Luis Rivera completed tBRAZIL analysis. Preliminary data analysis was tion to those brought to a comparable his Master of Science degree in biology Ph.D. student Francisco Denes: Rap- undertaken fitting linear models and number of nests prior to goat eradica- in 2010 at the University of Missouri, tor community assessment in the Cer- generalized linear models to part of the tion. The findings showed: Saint Louis, the main findings of his rado and Pantanal biomes, central Brazil data to test different analysis methods. As vegetation recovered, the hawks research were published in the June Francisco Dénes conducted two rap- did not switch to more arboreal prey as 2012 issue of the Journal of Wildlife tor surveys to compare species richness, tCOSTA RICA predicted, although there were signifi- Management 76(6):1197–1204. The abundance, diversity, and distribution of M.Sc. student Laura Riba-Hernandez: cant effects of vegetation on prey. main findings were: diurnal raptors in the Cerrado and Pan- Owls (Strigiformes) of secondary tropi- The habitat of the hawks’ territory (in Floaters (non-territorial hawks) tanal biomes, comparing these parame- cal forest: composition, altitudinal varia- coastal, transition, or lava zones) played showed a drastic decline in 2007, 2008, ters between the wet and dry seasons. tion, and relation with the forest structure a significant part in the impact of goat and 2010 attributed to the completion New species records (Swallow-tailed of the South Pacific Slope of Costa Rica eradication on feeding ecology. of goat eradication in 2006 and subse- Kite Elanoides forficatus, Grey-headed continued on page 29 conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 27 Projects tral and southern Boli- important ranches in the area indicated

hernan vargas vian a total of 44,000 head of livestock. 2012 marks an important milestone on Andean Condor research in Condors were sur- Latin America. The northern populations in Venezuela, Ecuador, veyed in three experi- tPERU Colombia, and Peru are in jeopardy but the southern populations in mental feeding stations: First National Meeting for the Conser- Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina are still in good conservation status. two in the Cochabamba vation of the Andean Condor in Peru: However, even in these southern countries, local population extinc- Department (at 1650 The Peregrine Fund was invited by the tions are taking place. This condition requires an understanding of the and 2500 masl) and Frankfurt Zoological Society in Peru to factors limiting population growth and causes of population declines. one in the Chuquisaca participate as co-organizer of the First We supported the initiation of projects in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Department (2100 masl). National Meeting for the Conservation of Argentina. In Peru, together with local stakeholders, we assessed the conservation status of the Peruvian These locations were in the Inter-Andean the Andean Condor in Cusco, Peru. The population, identified main threats, and set priorities for action to achieve long-term conservation goals. Dry Valleys ecoregion. meeting achieved the following objec- The Peregrine Fund is becoming the umbrella organization leading multinational conservation efforts. Here At the Cochabamba feeding stations, tives: 1) sharing knowledge on the cur- are some of the results obtained in each of the countries. Real and Huanacuni, a maximum of 67 rent conservation status of the Condor in Considering that the total population of and 61 condors were observed at each Peru, 2) identification of threats and solu- tECUADOR condors in Ecuador is estimated at 50 station. Most of the condors were adults, tions, 3) propose actions to design and Research biologist Hernan Vargas: individuals, Antisanilla holds about 50% particularly males. develop a national strategy for the con- Movement ecology and conservation of of the condor population. No condors were observed at the servation of the Andean Condor in Peru, the Andean Condor Based on the importance of Hacienda feeding station located in Chuquisaca. and 4) constitute officially an Andean Developed partnerships with NGOs Antisanilla for the conservation of con- Condor National Working Group in Peru. (Fundacion Jocotoco, Fundacion Galo dors, the Quito Municipality declared tARGENTINA Hernan Vargas provided technical assis- Plaza Lasso), local Indian communities this private ranch as a Condor Sanctuary Ph.D. student Pablo Alarcon: Biology tance for the creation of the Andean Con- (Comuna Zuleta, Pintag), and ranchers following a request of the Andean Con- and Conservation of the Andean Condor dor Working Group in Peru. Victor Esco- who own large farms with cattle (food for dor Working Group and a submission of Nest searches were carried out for 33 bar (prior grantee from Chile) and condors). a technical report by Hernan Vargas. This days following five PTT-tagged Andean Hernan Vargas delivered presentations on Provided scientific advice to the Min- is the first Andean Condor sanctuary in condors (three females and two males) the conservation status of the Andean istry of Environment through the Andean South America. that showed brood patches at the time of Condor in Chile and Ecuador, respectively. Condor Working Group for the imple- To capture and tag condors, experimen- capture. An active nest was located with Participants agreed that the main mentation of the Andean Condor Con- tal feeding stations were established at a chick aged between 2 and 3 months. threat for the Andean Condor in Peru is servation Strategy. four sites. Condors only visited two feed- Nest sites could not be located for the the capturing of wild condors for the tra- Located and monitored one nest of ing stations, where one and three condors other radio-tracked condors. ditional celebration known as yawar Andean Condors on a private ranch were recorded by camera traps. No con- As a measure of food availability for fiesta or blood festival. Although captur- (Hacienda Antisanilla). This is only the dors were trapped or tagged. The low num- condors, livestock distribution and abun- ing condors for this celebration is illegal, second documented nest in Ecuador; bers of condors in Ecuador contrasts with dance was estimated along two road 40 municipalities capture about 80 indi- therefore this finding is significant in the the high abundance recorded in Bolivia. transects of 150 and 250 km in length viduals per year, of which 20% mortality is context of a poorly-known and declining and 100 m either side of the road. Pablo estimated. This mortality rate is predicted population. tBOLIVIA estimated 11,000 head of livestock con- to have a significant negative impact on Condors were surveyed at three roost- Research biologist Diego Mendez: sisting of sheep (85%), cows (12%), and the condor population in Peru whose ing sites of Hacienda Antisanilla, and Estimating the size and structure of horses (3%). However, interviews of population is estimated at no more than data showed a maximum of 29 condors. Andean Condor populations in the cen- ranchers and managers of the three most 500 individuals.

28 the peregrIne fund continued from page 27 Costa Rican student Laura Riba-Her- identified as the raptor with the highest Laura Riba-Hernandez nandez graduated with her master of conservation priority in South Ameri- science degree at the University of Sao can temperate forest ecosystems. It is Paulo in Brazil. She is now writing a necessary to consider, however, that the paper derived from her thesis research. Andean temperate forests in the study Her study provides first data on the area are in better conservation condi- distribution, species richness, and com- tion (in terms of stand complexity and position of owls along an altitudinal connectivity) than most forests gradient ranging from 0 to 1200 masl. between latitudes 35 and 41 S in Chile. Eight species of owls were recorded: Project findings were used to pre- Magascopous guatemalae, Megascops pare a first draft regarding the conserva- clarkia, Lophostrix cristata, Pulsatrix per- tion status of the Rufous-legged Owl for nicole barko spicillata, Glaucidium costaricanum, the Chilean Ministry of the Environ- National Geographic filming a Harpy length of the dependence period was Strix virgata, Strix nigrolineata, and ment (through its ongoing classification Eagle nest in Darien, and the dissemina- longer for males of age class 1 (males Aegolius ridgwayi. process: http://www.mma.gob.cl/clasifi- tion of project results, through various 21.8 months vs. females 14.3 months) cacionespecies/). environmental education activities, in and for females of age class 2 (females tCHILE Tomas published a scientific paper Panama City and in the Darien commu- 2.7 months vs. males 0 months). Ph.D. Student Tomas Ibarra: Noctur- “Rufous-legged owl (Strix rufipes) and nities (See Harpy Eagle Conservation Hacking proved to be a suitable nal raptors in the temperate Forest of Austral (Glaucidium nanum) and Research for further details). method for releasing captive-bred Harpy Chile stand use in a gradient of disrupted and Eagles into the wild, but was more effi- A full field season was carried out to old growth Andean temperate forests, tPANAMA AND BELIZE cient for these large, long-lived, tropical study the ecology and conservation sta- Chile” in the journal Studies on Neotrop- Research biologist Edwin Campbell: forest eagles when delayed from fledg- tus of the Rufous-legged Owl (Strix ical Fauna and Environment 47(1): 33-40. Harpy Eagle Restoration ing age, when falconers’ traditionally rufipes) and Austral Pygmy Owl (Glau- A conference paper was presented at Edwin continued the analysis of spa- hack falcons, to near the Harpy Eagle’s cidium nanum), and evaluate these the North American Ornithological tial data and release techniques of age of independence at 23 months. species as biodiversity indicators in the Conference (, BC, August young Harpy Eagles released in threatened temperate rainforests of Chile. 2012. http://www.naoc-v2012.com/). Panama and Belize. Despite some diffi- tIX NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGY Tomas conducted 556 owl surveys at culties in the analysis of spatial data, he CONGRESS 95 selected sites on a grid across the tPANAMA finished his master’s thesis and pub- Ten people, including students and temperate Andean forests. Research biologist Jose Vargas: lished the results on the effect of age at researchers supported by The Peregrine Both owl species were detected from Harpy Eagle Conservation and Research release on the independence of hacked Fund, participated in the Neotropical lowland to highland stands across the Hernan Vargas supervises this project young Harpy Eagles in the 2012 June Ornithology Congress in Cusco, Peru. altitudinal and land-use gradient stud- led by Jose Vargas. The major achieve- issue of the Journal of Raptor Research. The team contributed 13 presentations: ied. He collected 149 (26.8%) records ment was the tagging of two juvenile We found that eagles released at 18- 9 oral and 4 posters. Of the oral contri- for the Rufous-legged Owls and 173 Harpy Eagles with satellite transmitters, 22 months of age (age class 2) showed butions, five were symposium presenta- (31.1%) for Austral Pygmy Owls during the monitoring of 45 Harpy Eagle nests increased survival and shorter depend- tions on Leucopternis and Micrastur. the breeding season. The number of from 33 breeding pairs that produced ence periods than eagles released at 5-7 This symposium was organized by Her- records for the Rufous-legged Owl is six fledglings, the scientific and logisti- months of age (age class 1). Between-sex nan Vargas and Renzo Piana. v promising since this species has been cal support provided to a group from comparisons showed that the average

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 29 he African continent and its associated islands contain some of the most impor- Ttant and unique biological resources on our planet. However, the human population has grown from 100 million a century ago to nearly 900 million today and the demand for more land to cultivate has grown, making it increasingly difficult for wildlife, particularly birds of prey, to survive.

There are 111 diurnal raptor species and 48 nocturnal owl species in this region. Our Pan Africa Project takes an “umbrella” approach to identifying priorities for raptor conservation across the continent. Conserving top predators will help ensure the survival of other species in the delicate food web that are essential for sustaining a healthy ecosystem.

We are achieving our conservation goals by conducting scientifically sound ecological studies on birds of prey, providing hands-on training to students, and working with local communi- ties and the public to help increase their understanding about the need to conserve birds of prey and their habitats.

We teamed with the experienced guides at Tropical Ice to take six guests on a 10–day Raptor and Wildlife Safari. In addition to walking among elephants, lions, and buffalo, the travelers recorded 545 raptors of 35 species to assist in Project Director Munir Virani’s research. Interested in a future safari? Email us at [email protected].

photos by munir virani

30 the peregrIne fund east africa project Project Director: Munir Virani

ildlife is threatened by East Africa’s fast-growing human population and its impact on the environment. When this project began more than two decades ago, the number and Wdiversity of raptors had declined dramatically due to changing land use and the indiscriminate use of poisons. Future growth in the energy sector from power lines and wind turbines will further add to the problem.

The most threatened group of raptors is vultures, which are killed in large numbers by poisoning intended for large predators like lions and hyenas. When vultures feed on the carcasses of these dead animals, they die, too. Other serious problems in East Africa include pollution, agricultural intensification, and deforestation.

To address these serious and complex issues, we monitor populations of species that can provide an overall picture of the health of an ecosystem. With the aid of our partners — including the graduate students we help support — we monitor raptor populations so that smart strategies can be developed for conserving them.

Student training and public awareness are important components of the East Africa project. Each year, we build local capacity for conservation by training students and field workers. To boost pub- lic awareness, we participate in events that highlight and celebrate the important role that vultures and other birds of prey play in the environment.

Our efforts to gather data and seek cooperation from local people and governments will ensure that threatened species on the threshold of collapse will survive for future generations.

tResults resulted in higher water levels and bet- We continued to build on our existing ter quality conditions for fish stocks. The long-term studies on raptors, specifically high water levels meant that the regener- on African Fish Eagles in Kenya’s Rift Val- ation of the papyrus fringe continued to ley lakes, Augur Buzzards, and Sokoke the point where new habitat was created Scops Owls, to understand how these in the form of floating papyrus islands. species are affected by environmental These islands provided refuge for tran- and human-caused habitat changes. sient fish eagles attempting to displace At Lake Naivasha, increased rainfall territory-holding individuals around the

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 31 Government inaction, lack of funding worsen vulture crisis, especially in Africa lakeshore. We recorded 145 eagles, an tDeveloping local capacity increase of nearly 40% since the low Corinne Kendall graduated with a espite their value to humans and the environment, vultures continue to experience seri- 2009 water levels where only 101 eagles doctorate from Princeton University for ous population declines that are made worse by government inaction and a lack of fund- were recorded. There was also an her work on vultures of the Masai Mara. Ding for skilled experts to address the problem, according to a paper to be published in the increase in the breeding success rate Nicholas Gardener graduated with a March issue of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. from 26 (74%) active nests out of 35. master’s degree from Exeter University The peer-reviewed article is co-authored by Darcy Ogada and Munir Virani of The Peregrine We completed our third annual for his work on the habitat use of Long- Fund and Felicia Keesing of Bard College. It is available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Kenya raptor road survey, which covered crested Eagles in Uganda. doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06293.x/full 1,760 km. Done in partnership with the Masumi Gudka graduated with a Currently, 61% of vulture species worldwide are threatened with extinction, the authors said. Raptor Working Group of Nature Kenya master’s degree from the University of The worst population declines have occurred in South Asia and Africa, where the scavenging and Kenya Wildlife Service, Capetown (South Africa) for her study birds are unintentionally poisoned, shot for food or sport, and these surveys are important of organochlorine residue contamina- killed for superstitious reasons. Populations of some species for monitoring the health of tion in biological and environmental Kenya’s raptor populations. parameters from Lake Naivasha and have declined by up to 99% in a decade. A single poisoned carcass They said the vulture crisis highlights the importance of can kill dozens of vultures Robert Kaai assisted in col- Lake Baringo. collaboration among scientists, regional governments, finan- and other . lecting population data on Kenyan student Seren Waters gradu- cial donors, and media to conserve these ecologically impor- southern Kenya’s largest ated with a bachelor’s degree from tant birds throughout their large range. The authors urged colony of endangered Durham University (United Kingdom). greater support and backing from national governments and Rüppell’s Vultures at Lake His undergraduate dissertation was on local communities, particularly in Africa. Kwenia. Our efforts at this documenting the impacts of pastoral- In Asia, the vulture crisis has received widespread attention, very important breeding ism on ecosystem change in Lake site for Rüppell’s Vultures have Baringo, using the African Fish Eagle as resulting in more stable vulture populations and captive breed- munir virani ing programs. In Africa, however, where the vulture crisis is equally resulted in the region being classified as a bio-indicator. dire, little effort is being made to raise awareness and address the problem, the authors said. an Important Bird Area by BirdLife Inter- Eric Ole Reson graduated with a Deliberate poisoning of lions and other large carnivores that occasionally prey on domestic national. Master’s Degree from Clemson Univer- livestock appears to be the biggest culprit in Africa. Vultures die in large numbers after eating Shiv Kapila started fieldwork on near- sity (USA) for his study of Maasai atti- the poisoned bait. threatened Martial Eagles in the Athi- tudes and perceptions toward vultures. “In many African countries, vulture populations remain little known and even less is being Kapiti plains, where he is replicating a Reson’s study was conducted in two done on the ground to ensure their survival,” they said. “There has been little government sup- 1997 study conducted by Carter Ong to group ranches, Siana and Koyiaki. He port to conserve vultures, despite mounting evidence of the major threats.” assess how Africa’s largest eagles are used a survey instrument involving The loss of vultures has potentially significant effects on humans. The scavenging birds per- coping with rapid land development closed-ended statements, open-ended form a vital service by consuming dead animals that would otherwise spread disease and con- and human population increase. Shiv interview questions, and observation to taminate land and water resources. The article also evidence that vultures are important to also is documenting Martial Eagle nest address his objectives, which included other scavenging animals that don’t have the ability to soar far above the landscape to locate site characteristics and diet to evaluate understanding the attitudes and per- carrion. what threats the species face. In collab- ceptions of the Maasai toward vultures, “Scavenging of carcasses by vultures promotes the flow of energy through food webs, and vul- oration with the Raptor Working Group, the importance attributed to vultures, tures have been shown to facilitate African predators, such as lions and hyenas, in locating food we conducted surveys in western their knowledge of vulture ecology, and sources,” the authors said. Kenya to establish reasons for the their management proposals to address decline in numbers of Hooded Vultures. this situation.

32 the peregrIne fund madagascar project Project Director: Russell Thorstrom

adagascar is one of the world’s highest conservation priorities. This island nation off the east coast of Africa has an amazing diversity of species found nowhere else on Earth.M For more than 20 years, we have conducted field research on birds of prey and other species and helped create conservation areas to protect them. Our research on Rüppell’s Vultures resulted in the Loss of habitat is one of the most serious challenges facing threatened species. We have region near Lake Kwenia being classified as an addressed this problem by focusing on protecting important wetland and forested areas Important Bird Area by under the Madagascar Protected Areas System. These relatively unspoiled tracts provide habi- BirdLife International. tat for the critically endangered Madagascar Fish Eagle and many other animals. munir virani

His results showed that the Maasai Task Force on birds. One of the sites, Bealanana in the north, protects a unique mosaic of wetlands, marshlands, We helped organize our third Inter- favor vulture conservation, however grasslands, and rainforest. This is where our field crew re-discovered the Madagascar Pochard, their activities are detrimental to con- national Vulture Awareness Day at Ol a diving duck once thought to be servation due to poor attitudes toward Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia County. carnivores, local wildlife authorities, More than 200 schoolchildren extinct and now classified as critically and conservancies in the area. These attended the event and performed endangered. views result in poisoning, leasing land plays, dances, and poems about vul- A large component of our work in for wheat farming, and opposing the tures and their importance in the envi- creation of new conservancies. ronment. A number of guests spoke to Madagascar is training and educating the audience about the harmful effects local people on ways to protect and tIncreasing public understanding of poisoning wildlife and the need for manage the natural resources that We helped organize the first Pan greater environmental conservation both they and endangered species African Vulture Summit in the Masai efforts in the region. Awards were given rely on for survival. We have helped Mara, which was attended by nearly 50 to the winning entries in our vulture- Madagascar Fish launch sustainable businesses, pro- delegates, mainly from eastern and themed art competition. Eagles rely on protected wetland areas. southern African countries. A signifi- We gave a series of talks at the vided trees for restoring denuded donatien randrianjafiniasa cant outcome of the meeting was the Koiyaki Guiding School in Naboisho landscapes, organized and unanimous adoption of a resolution Conservancy, Masai Mara, and at Mpala equipped crews to fight wildfires, and developed ways to devise addressed to African governments to Research Centre, Laikipia. Munir pre- and enforce regulations on resource use. Through the years, we also have supported 25 Mala- bolster conservation efforts to ensure sented a six-minute lecture about the gasy students pursuing academic degrees. vulture survival in Africa. We published importance of vultures at a global TED the proceedings of the summit meeting talent search, which resulted in more Our work in Madagascar is recognized internationally for being hands-on, practical, and effec- and Munir Virani was elected Chair of than 220,000 views on the TED website. tive in conserving a rich source of biodiversity. IUCN-Vulture Specialist Group for Africa. Seven peer-reviewed papers and two Darcy Ogada was elected to the KWS popular articles were published. v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 33 These associations…monitor human use and impact Madagascar Pochards were once thought extinct. on fish stocks, forest, and other resources.

tResults ment plans and guidelines for the We continued the process of creating three sites at the regional level and permanent protection for the three they are waiting for them to be passed community-based conservation sites to the national level. We have also sub- (Manambolomaty, Tambohorano, and mitted all documents to the national russell thorstrom Bealanana). Tsimembo Forest was government to create Bealanana vention continued its activities and added to the Manambolomaty Lakes (Bemane vika) and Tambohorano (Man- fought and controlled eight wildfires. protected area to increase the amount drozo Lake) community protected areas. Two annual waterbird surveys were of dry forest and mangrove habitat completed with recording of 33 included in this 62,745 ha conservation tProject site results species, up five species from the previ- area. We have submitted all pertinent Manambolomaty—The FIZAMI and ous year’s count. documents to the Malagasy govern- FIFAMA associations continued receiv- Student Stéphanie Razakaratrimo ment for approval of this site as a per- ing assistance from The Peregrine Fund from the University of Antananarivo manent protected area. to manage the Tsimembo-Manambolo- continued her DEA degree on the nest- We supported the communities in maty Lakes Complex. They received 10 ing ecology of two pairs of Bat Hawks planting seedlings of native trees and fiberglass canoes, 400 fishing nets, 100 (Macheiramphus alcinus). The local oranges for reforestation and mitigation beehive boxes, 90 school chairs, 3 wells associations monitored and main- A male Madagascar Marsh in Tambohorano and Tsimembo Forest. for potable water, and 1,500 orange tained last year’s tree plantation and Harrier hunts for prey. We continued our annual monitoring of trees. These associations, with The Pere- they had 80% success of sapling trees Madagascar Fish Eagles breeding in the grine Fund’s support, continue to moni- from last year. population survey was completed at Antsalova region, which includes the tor human use and impact on fish Bealanana—The committee for fire the four lakes inside the Bemanevika Manambolomaty Lakes complex area, stocks, forest, and other resources. We prevention continued its fire control and New Protected Area. The pochards were where 28 pairs have been documented. continued our annual fish eagle pro- we observed a decrease in the number stable at 29 individuals. The captive In the Tambohorano area, we ductivity monitoring in the Antsalova of fires surrounding the New Protected Madagascar Pochard flock at Antsohihy recorded nine pairs of fish eagles. We region with 17 territorial pairs and 11 Area. During the reforestation campaign, has grown to 35 adults, of which two assisted and supported the planting of pairs (32 individuals) at Manambolo- 10,000 seeds from three (Tafonomana, females produced several young. tree seedlings of oranges, coconuts, and maty Lakes Complex. Telotritry, and Valotra ) native tree eucalyptus in the three communities at Tambohorano—We recorded 9 pairs species were collected from the forest tSpecies-specific research the Tambohorano site. Mandrozo Lake of Madagascar Fish Eagles composed and transplanted by the local associa- Ph.D. student Julio Carl Ramamon- became an international important of 17 individuals at Mandrozo Lake. The tions. The local association began to col- jisoa was analyzing his data and writing Ramsar site in June 2012. traditional opening of fishing season lect honey from beehives with training his dissertation on Madagascar Red We continue to assist the local associ- (Teabony celebration) took place on 8 given by The Peregrine Fund. Owls. He has collected more than 450 ations in writing and preparing manage- April. The local committee for fire pre- Each month, a Madagascar Pochard pellets from 14 roost sites.

34 the peregrIne fund International designation conserves tDevelopment of local capacity Madagascar Fish Eagle, other wildlife Since 1990, The Peregrine Fund has provided financial support, training, he Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and the government of Madagascar recently declared and education to one the Mandrozo Lake region to have international significance in the effort to preserve the Doctoral, 20 Master of T Earth’s biodiversity. Science equivalent “The worldwide recognition is good news for the Madagascar degrees, and four Fish Eagle and other endangered animals,” said Russell Thorstrom, Bachelor of Science director of Madagascar and West Indies projects. degrees to Malagasy “We have been working in this area for five years and have vig- students. These orously sought this recognition,” Thorstrom said. “We are delighted national students and grateful that Ramsar and the government of Madagascar

have carried out marius rakotondratsima understand how important Mandrozo is for both the wildlife and research on a wide people that depend on it for survival.” variety of topics Mandrozo, the fourth largest lake in Madagascar, is about 6 miles ranging from plant, inland from the island nation’s western coast. On 5 June, Ramsar des- fish, and lemur ecol- Lily-Arison Rene ignated Mandrozo Lake and Kinkony Lake as Wetlands of International ogy and behavior to de Roland (center) Importance, bringing Madagascar’s number of Ramsar sites to nine. bird surveys and attends a dedica- “We have completed all the steps necessary for the Malagasy government to declare the larger species-specific rap- tion for a commu- Tambohorano region, which includes Mandrozo Lake, to be part of the Protected Areas System tor studies. We have nity well in Bejea, a and are awaiting final approval,” Thorstrom said. The Peregrine Fund is working to have two helped and sup- village in western Madagascar. other areas added to the Protected Areas System, the Manambolomaty and Bealanana regions. ported the forma- Besides the endangered Madagascar Fish Eagle, Mandrozo supports a variety of species, tion of seven local associations working including endangered turtles and threatened reptiles. The lake’s fishery is critical to the survival with natural resource management and of the fish eagle and to the families whose livelihoods depend on it. russell thorstrom creating the Manambolomaty, Tambo- The Peregrine Fund promotes the sustainability of the Mandrozo area by collaborating with The local technicians continued to horano, and Bealanana protected areas. local residents and supporting their efforts to manage their own natural resources. It also has monitor the lemur population along the The Peregrine Fund has a profes- introduced alternative agricultural and forestry practices. In the last year, The Peregrine Fund trails established in 2011. We observed sional staff of Malagasy biologists with has helped supply equipment to a local fire prevention committee, install informational signs on markings on tree trunks of the Aye-Aye degrees at Doctoral (2) and Master of local resource management, reforest the area with 25,000 trees, and provide fiberglass canoes (Daubentonia madagascarensis), a rare Science (8) levels. Our staff members and efficient fish-drying ovens to stem the rate of deforestation. nocturnal lemur, at this site for the first have received important hands-on train- “Early on, we wanted to help the Malagasy people help themselves to conserve endangered time in this region. ing in raptor research and benefited birds of prey and other wildlife,” Thorstrom said. A new pair of Madagascar Serpent from our annual peer review and pro- Madagascar has 24 species of birds of prey; three of them are endangered, including the Eagles was located. They produced two gram planning process. They have Madagascar Fish Eagle. Two raptor species had not been seen for more than 60 years until they eggs and two hatchlings but unfortu- received valuable experiential learning were rediscovered by The Peregrine Fund. The organization’s field work also resulted in the dis- nately both young died prior to fledging. opportunities in NGO management, covery of a diving duck thought to be extinct and two new lemur species. We conducted serpent eagle surveys financial control, and program plan- “Our on-the-ground research continues to fill the void of knowledge on endangered and and recorded five individuals within ning, implementation, evaluation, and poorly-known Malagasy birds of prey so that we can devise sound conservation plans,” the Bemanevika New Protected Area. proposal writing. v Thorstrom said. “Protecting areas like Mandrozo Lake will ensure that these ecosystems endure for the benefit of wildlife and people well into the future.” conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 35 sia and the Southeast Asian and Aus- tralasian islands of the Pacific comprise aA huge area rich in raptor diversity. The habi- tats are diverse, ranging from the world’s highest mountains to deserts and tropical rainforests.

More than a third of the world’s birds of prey are here, yet many species remain unstudied, lacking even the most basic natural history and information about their status. Conservation efforts focused on birds of prey could have significant results, especially in areas that are lit- tle-studied yet suffering significant deforestation, such as New Guinea, Sulawesi, Borneo, and Indonesia.

We know that many birds of prey in this region are critically endangered. In South Asia, the veterinary use of the now-banned drug is still a catastrophic problem for vultures, though some populations appear to be stabilizing. In the Philippines, a rapidly growing human population, coupled with deforestation, is threatening survival of the Philippine Eagle.

Research in selected parts of the Asia-Pacific region will significantly enhance our global understanding of the diversity and abundance of birds of prey and lead to sound conserva- tion strategies.

casper simon/shutterstock.com

36 the peregrIne fund pupils. With the support of the local philippine eagle conservation government and improved education Project Director: Rick Watson modules, campaigns were then con- ducted in nine schools. he Philippine Eagle is one of the largest eagles in the world. This spectacular bird is a global Prior to the campaigns, the pupils symbol of rainforest conservation. were given a pre-test to evaluate their T existing familiarity with the Philippine We participate in the conservation of the Philippine Eagle and its habitat by supporting and assist- Eagle, the forest, and the importance of ing the Philippine Eagle Foundation, the primary global entity that works to conserve the eagle and conservation. They received lessons on other birds of prey in the Philippines. The focus is on hands-on management, captive breeding and the biology and behavior of the Philip- release, field research and monitoring, public conservation education, and community-based ini- pine Eagle, the importance of the forest, tiatives to conserve and restore habitat. water cycles, and global warming. Les- sons concluded with educational Loss of habitat is a threat to the eagle’s survival. Shooting and other forms of human persecution games, films, and discussions about also make the recovery effort difficult. Despite these challenges, captive-bred eagles have begun to what the children can do to help save the Philippine Eagle and forest. establish nesting territories in remaining fragments of rainforest. The Philippine Eagle Foundation As part of the pre-campaign strate- also has successfully re-released rehabilitated birds that had been shot or injured. gies, the foundation also conducted Campaigns and outreach using new education techniques reach hundreds of people each year in perception interviews with adult mem- bers of the same communities. After the schools and villages close to threatened nesting sites. In this nation of islands, people must co-exist interviews, foundation members under- with the Philippine Eagle if it is to survive in the future. took standard community campaigns. Pre-campaign interviews provide tResults tPublic education and benchmarks for assessing changes in Our goal for this project was to make community-based conservation knowledge and perception after a six- measurable progress toward conserving As immediate stewards of the Philip- month period to know whether the the critically endangered Philippine pine Eagles and its forest habitat, people campaigns resulted in desired conser- Eagles on the island of Mindanao, in upland communities are vital to the vation outcomes. Philippines. To accomplish this goal, the success of conservation. The Philippine The Philippine Eagle Foundation fur- Philippine Eagle Foundation focused Eagle Foundation has intensified pro- ther engaged the communities in eagle on the following programs: grams on education and community- nest monitoring through the Adopt-A- • Public education and community- based initiatives to train and develop Nest Program, which rewards local nest based conservation initiatives partners in upland communities. finders with cash. All the eagle pairs • Research A new set of education modules was monitored since 2010 in the nesting ter- • Experimental releases of eagles in the developed for campaigns in schools ritories nearest to these communities wild and communities near eagle nesting have bred successfully, with all young sites. To test one of the three modules, fledging. Several communities bene- the foundation facilitated a “bird-watch- fited from the nest reward program. ing” workshop with 60 grade-school To facilitate integrated development

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 37 • Supporting livelihood support. Partici- pating households were enrolled in Farmer Field School, a program that increases technical capacity of farm- ers in sustainable agriculture tech- niques. The Community Development Plan of the Sinaka Eagle Bagtok Napunangan Kayupaton includes: • Rehabilitating 20 ha of grasslands close to the nest site. The organization reforested 37 ha of grasslands and planned to rehabilitate 70 ha of grass- lands along forest edges and riparian strips on Mt. Sinaka. Another 50 ha are committed to the National Green- ing Program. The Department of Envi- giovanne tampos ronment and Natural Resources sur- veyed the sites to fund seedling nurseries. • Crafting a detailed management plan for the Sinaka Protected Area. Efforts Students play the "Eagle Goes Hunting" game at their school in the mountains of Mt Kitanglad, Bukidnon, Philippines. Teammates were focused on crafting a frame- take turns wearing an eagle costume and delivering a photo of a prey item to compete for prizes. work to underpin all initiatives, within the indigenous land in south- working on another 20 ha. The com- istry initiative was successfully pre- including the protection of Mt. Sinaka. eastern Mindanao, the Philippine Eagle munity nursery was successfully reac- sented and digitized mapping has • Training and engaging indigenous for- Foundation encouraged the Indigenous tivated and now holds 50,000 indige- begun. est guards. People’s Organization in these areas to nous seedlings. The group also • Crafting a detailed management plan develop a Community Development accessed the National Greening Pro- for the Mahuson Indigenous Pro- tResearch Plan, which included a natural resource gram implemented by the Depart- tected Area. Through a series of com- Although research on the population management program to restore forests ment of Environment and Natural munity workshops, the Philippine status and behavior of wild Philippine and monitor eagles and forests. Resources for another 50 ha for refor- Eagle Foundation is facilitating the Eagles began years ago, many questions The Community Development Plan of estation. crafting of a detailed management remain unanswered. One important the Panguandig Lumadnong Panaghiusa • Declaring and managing the nesting plan for Mt. Mahuson Indigenous Pro- question pertains to how young eagles includes: territory as an International “Indige- tected Area. use patchy forest habitats for survival. • Rehabiliting 20 ha of grasslands close nous Protected Area” through the • Training and engaging of indigenous Based on previous studies, adult to the nest site. The organization has IUCN Indigenous and Community forest guards. eagles appear to be breeding fairly well. reforested 16 ha of grassland and is Conservation Area Registry. The reg- Despite this, their population is still con-

38 the peregrIne fund sidered declining because of high mor- gated. This event is yet another testament tality, often by persecution of young to the threats of persecution and hunt- eagles. The Philippine Eagle Foundation ing, the dominant cause of eagle deaths. This event is yet another testament is using telemetry to address the press- A young eagle also was rescued on to the threats of persecution and hunting, ing need to know the fate of young Mt Kimangkil in Bukidnon. The eagle eagles in the wild. was allegedly found by its captor in the the dominant cause of eagle deaths. Eagles were trapped at four sites in forest and held until it was rescued. The Mindanao. A wild Philippine Eagle was eagle is being rehabilitated at the Philip- tagged with radio and satellite transmit- pine Eagle Center and will be released. ters. Named Sumilao, the eagle was one Eagle Raquel, another rehabilitated of the three sub-adult free-living eagles bird freed in May 2011 at the Northern wild. The eagle also was observed feed- after all of the five eggs laid were infer- often gathering with released Chick 23. Sierra Madre in Luzon Island, dis- ing on a civet cat. His interactions with tile. Cameras are being used in six This rare and enchanting assembly of persed gradually and flew about 48 km wild eagles may have taught Chick 23 to breeding chambers to optimize moni- Philippine Eagles challenged the Philip- southeast of its release site. Unlike Min- become more aggressive and agile in toring of eagle responses to the modi- pine Eagle Foundation to trap the other danao eagles that used forest fringes, defense of his space and food. He fied regimens. Two eagles are being two wild eagles. Though not successful, Raquel stayed within forest interiors. appeared relaxed in the presence of the imprinted to their caretakers for breed- such rare experience of trapping an Her constant movement indicated that other wild eagles and even flew with ing through artificial insemination. The eagle in the sight of others taught she had not found a territory. The one of them. Philippine Eagle Foundation hatched important lessons. Philippine Eagle Foundation educa- Chick 23 is close to independence the first captive-bred Pinsker’s Hawk Sumilao’s movements showed a vari- tion team will join an observation but still occupies riparian forests close Eagle, the country’s second most ety of habitat use. The eagle spent con- group to conduct education and out- to settlements. The Philippine Eagle endangered raptor. siderable time within forest interiors reach in nearby communities. Foundation has informed the settlers but also explored forest edges. She close to his activity area and asked for tEagle conservation project in remained for a time within the forests tEagle test releases help with monitoring the bird. Cordillera region, Luzon along Kulaman River with Chick 23 and A direct strategy to increase the pop- Field observations were gathered In collaboration with San Roque the other two untagged wild eagles. This ulation of endangered Philippine with help from the Kitanglad Guard Vol- Power Corporation, Department of Envi- gathering provided substantial data Eagles in the wild is the release of cap- unteers, indigenous co-researchers who ronment and Natural Resources, about the social behavior of sub-adult tive-bred and rehabilitated individuals were initially trained with eagle moni- National Power Corporation–San Roque eagles. The interactions of Sumilao with in forests where they have been long toring and management techniques. A Watershed Area Team, and local govern- one of the untagged eagles resembled gone. Since 2004, we have released workshop was organized for these vol- ment units, the Philippine Eagle Foun- courtship displays seen in paired adults. seven eagles tagged with transmitters unteers with lectures and field exer- dation facilitated a conservation and Sumilao also showed movements into the wild. One of those eagles is cises. The cooperation of local stake- research program for Philippine Eagles within an occupied nesting territory on Chick 23, which was released in 2011. holders also has been instrumental to in San Roque Watershed, Cordillera and the other side of Mt Kitanglad, implying The movements of Chick 23 were the success of the release program. Caraballo Mountains in central and that she may have come from the eagle confined to the forest along the Kula- northwestern Luzon. Begun in 2011, the pair in this territory. Unfortunately, after man River. His flight and hunting skills tConservation breeding three components continued through almost a year of moving around, Sumilao improved and our team documented Recent captive breeding focused on 2012: perception studies, conservation was shot in the pelvis and died. The the first-ever prey item: a large Philip- enhancing productivity of eight eagle education, and Philippine Eagle popu- details of her death are still being investi- pine Cobra that Chick 23 caught in the pairs through diet and cage enrichment lation surveys. v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 39 A critically endangered Long-billed Vulture sits on a cenotaph in the town of Orchha. asian vulture crisis Project Director: Munir Virani

nce considered the most abundant large birds of prey in the world, three species of vul- tures on the Indian subcontinent have been reduced to less than 1% of their population Oover the last two decades.

We discovered the cause of the massive die-off when our research turned up the culprit: a then-new veterinary drug, diclofenac. Vultures that consumed the carcasses of livestock treated with the anti- inflammatory drug before they died were being poisoned and, within days, dying of renal failure.

Thanks to our discovery, the governments of India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh banned the veterinary use of diclofenac and encouraged the use of safer alternatives. Though the continued use of diclofenac is still tragically evident, our surveys are beginning to show a gradual improve- ment in vulture numbers since the ban took effect.

For millennia, vultures have played a critical ecological and cultural role among the diverse people of the Indian subcontinent by sanitizing the landscape of one of the most livestock-populated regions in the world. Without vultures, people will experience more disease and death as dogs and other scavengers more likely to come into contact with people fill the void left by vultures.

We will continue to monitor, research, and analyze the problem as part of the international effort to restore these vital species of critically endangered vultures.

tResults use of diclofenac was banned, our data Based on results that show stable and models have unequivocally shown trends over the last four field seasons, that vulture abundance, nest occupancy, breeding surveys of Long-billed Vultures and nest productivity are improving. in India were not conducted but will These measures declined by 61%, 73%, continue in FY13 to evaluate our con- and 95%, respectively, in the three years servation efforts. before the diclofenac ban, then In southeastern Pakistan, Jamshed increased one to two years after the Chaudhry continued to collect data on ban by 55%, 52%, and 95% and con-

munir virani populations and nest occupancy of tinue to remain stable. Stable trends in Long-billed Vultures in Nagar Parkar dis- numbers of occupied nests of Oriental trict. By comparing annual population White-backed Vultures have been trends before and after the veterinary recorded in the same area at 30-36 nests

40 the peregrIne fund Ban on toxic veterinary drug diclofenac over the last three breeding seasons. In Nepal, a grant was provided to is effective in addressing Asian vulture crisis Krishna Bhusal to build on his surveys of The number of critically endangered Long-billed Vultures in Pak- but levels remain sufficiently high to continue to be a problem for vul- occupied nests of Oriental White-backed istan is beginning to recover, thanks to a ban on the use of diclofenac, tures, the study said. Vultures and Himalayan Vultures in a veterinary drug that is toxic to vultures, according to a new study by “Despite this encouraging trend, we have a long way to go to fully Arghakhanchi District. Over the three- The Peregrine Fund. recover vulture populations throughout South Asia,” said author Virani, year breeding period (2010-12), Krishna’s The article, “First evidence that populations of the critically endan- who heads up vulture studies for The Peregrine Fund. “Unfortunately, data has shown that numbers of occu- gered Long-billed Vulture indicus in Pakistan have increased fol- some livestock owners are illegally using the human version of pied nests of Oriental White-backed Vul- lowing the ban of the toxic veterinary drug diclofenac in south Asia,” diclofenac to relieve pain and inflammation in their animals, even tures fluctuated between 15 and 21 nests, was written by M. Jamshed I. Chaudry, Darcy L. Ogada, Riffat N. Malike, when alternatives that are less toxic to vultures are available.” while those of Himalayan Vultures Munir Z. Virani, and Matthew D. Giovanni. It was published in the Vultures are social animals, so just one contaminated carcass can showed a gradual increase from 28 to 36 peer-reviewed journal Bird Conservation International and is available poison many birds, he said. occupied nests. online at: http://journals.cambridge.org/bci/Virani The Long-billed Vulture breeding colony studied for this project At Koshi Tappu National Reserve in Before the 2006 ban, vulture popula- is located on cliffs in the Karunjhar Hills in Sindh Nepal, we funded Hem Sagar Baral and tions in Pakistan, India, and Nepal had Province on the extreme southeast- A Lappet-faced Vulture joins his team, which has recorded 42 and 40 dropped by up to 99%. Diclofenac, then a ern border of Pakistan. For up to other birds at a carcass. occupied Oriental White-backed Vulture new drug in the veterinary market, was two weeks in November and March, nests over the last two breeding seasons, widely used to treat ailing cattle and other researchers counted the number of respectively. This is a substantial increase livestock, but vultures began dying by the birds in each age class, occupied since mid-2000 when only two nests were thousands. The birds suffered renal failure nests, unoccupied nests, nestlings, recorded. after ingesting diclofenac-treated car- and fledglings. Although our results are encouraging, casses that had been left in the fields for Results showed that sharp we still remain cautious about interpret- scavengers. munir virani declines between the 2003-04 breed- ing them. Continued systematic long-term By 2008, two years after the ban, ing season and the 2006-07 breeding data collection is needed for this slow- breeding populations of the Long-billed Vulture at the study sites in season began to reverse in the 2007-08 reproducing and long-lived species to Pakistan had increased by up to 52%, the study shows. season and have held steady since. accurately measure population trends The Peregrine Fund discovered in 2003 that diclofenac was respon- “We are observing similar increases in nest occupancy for White- and determine the effectiveness of the sible for the catastrophic collapse of vulture populations throughout rumped Vultures in Nepal and Long-billed Vultures in central India, diclofenac ban. South Asia. The drug was banned for veterinary use in 2006 by India, but we need more time to confirm the trends with higher certainty,” Our paper entitled “Populations of the Pakistan, and Nepal and in 2010 by Bangladesh. the authors said. “The population of Long-billed Vultures in Pakistan critically endangered Long-billed Vulture Recent surveys in India indicate that the ban on veterinary use of may grow to the pre-diclofenac size if adult mortality remains low, in Pakistan increase following the ban on diclofenac has markedly reduced its levels in livestock carcasses to nesting continues to generate population recruits, and food avail- diclofenac in south Asia” was published almost half of what they were prior to and immediately after the ban, ability is sufficient.” in the scientific journal Bird Conservation International. Munir Virani delivered a Before the 2006 ban, vulture populations in Pakistan, TED Talent Search lecture that high- lighted the Asian Vulture crisis and India, and Nepal had dropped by up to 99%. received more than 220,000 views and 147 comments on the TED website.v conservIng bIrds of prey 41 Conservation Science global raptor Information network Project Director: Travis Rosenberry he Peregine Fund is committed to sharing Tinformation quickly and affordably and ince the public launch in 2004, the Global Raptor Information Network has become the most being an authoritative source of information to authoritative and detail-rich information portal on diurnal raptors in the world. The website researchers, students, policy-makers, and the providesS up-to-date information on birds of prey and gives researchers access to primary literature public. with extended species accounts and a large searchable bibliography.

The network receives enthusiastic support from raptor researchers around the world. It is a well- established part of the infrastructure for global raptor conservation and research. Please know that you are really helping to make a difference in raptor and owl conservation. t but these tasks will be brought under —Global Owl Project Results The international stature of GRIN control as soon as the RIS material is continued to grow and activity on the fully integrated. GRIN is fantastic; you have assem- website increased greatly. Efforts of the About half of the GRIN species Bingo!!! I should have thought of coordinator were focused mainly on accounts, especially those for poorly- bled an extremely valuable data- Peregrine Fund earlier—would have base; super!! —Dr. Michael Wink saved me a few sleepless nights. the merger of the U.S. Geological Survey studied tropical species, are the most Germany Raptor Information System (RIS) elec- thorough treatments available online or, —Tom Schulenberg tronic records into the GRIN bibliogra- in many cases, in any medium. Individ- Cornell Lab of Ornithology phy and keeping pace with new litera- ual species accounts and the bibliogra- ture on raptors. Little attention was paid phy are increasingly cited in journal I indeed do not have access to most to enhancing the photo galleries, papers. The latter source is the starting journals (our university library here in adding to the species accounts, or point for many researchers embarking Swaziland does not subscribe to a single updating the bulletin board sections, on a new study. There are now photo- ornithological title, let alone any dealing specifically with raptors)! graphs accompanying 266 of the —Ara Monadjem species accounts and additional photo Swaziland galleries for more than 100 species. GRIN has become the most The GRIN bibliography was extended to 53,516 records. Many errors authoritative and detail-rich and inadequate keyword strings have Thank you very much for this! I been corrected and edited, and the need them and it was impossible for information portal on diurnal database is now relatively free of errors. me to find them elsewhere… raptors on the worldwide web. Lloyd Kiff, the former director of Thanks!! —Soledad Diaz Argentina GRIN, attended the large 5th North American Ornithological Conference at

42 the peregrIne fund the University of in divided into four separate lists, and a Vancouver, where GRIN was mentioned research library new online portal to the lists was cre- favorably by numerous conference par- Project Director: Travis Rosenberry ated on the Peregrine Fund website to ticipants. attract buyers. The website now has 421 raptor ur Research Library, established in 1994, has grown to be one of the largest collections of The library catalogues and invento- researchers, representing 80 countries, scientific literature on birds in the world. Prominent ornithologists and their heirs have ries of journals, magazines, and newslet- with profile pages. Links to more than Odonated more than 50 major private libraries of books, journals, and reprints. ter collections were maintained on The 1,000 raptor organizations, raptor data- Peregrine Fund website and consulted bases, hawkwatch sites, technical jour- Our ever-growing collections include more than 24,000 books and reports, 18,000 reprints, full or by many online users. nals, and species-specific websites were partial runs of 1,500 journal titles, numerous newsletters and conservation magazines, as well as The Peregrine Fund Research Library expanded and maintained. Reciprocal other forms of media. The emphasis is strongly ornithological, although there are also many titles was selected as the depository for links were maintained on numerous on other taxa, conservation biology, and ecology. voucher copies of unpublished manu- prominent organizational websites. scripts and reports cited in articles in According to our statistics monitor- The library serves two main functions: the leading journal, The Condor. ing system, the website received • Preserve the original paper copies of as many bird publications as possible, serving as an 152,627 visits and 1,127,979 hits, repre- tBy the numbers: senting 29% and 8% increases, respec- essential archive for the global scholarly community. • The catalogue included 24,205 tively, over the previous year. The web- records. site ranked seventh on Google for • Make our material accessible to all, especially researchers and students, by providing pdf • There were 1,348 books and reports searches on the term “GRIN” in Septem- copies of any article or book chapter in our collection via email at no charge. To date, we have added to the library collection. ber 2012; prior to FY09, it had not come received nearly 3,000 requests from 73 nations and nearly every state in the United States and • The reprints collection contained up in the top 100. province in Canada, for a total of about 10,000 individual pdfs. 16,684 documents. Several thousand pdfs were added to • PDF copies of 1,012 articles from the researcher profile pages and the bibliog- Our ability to quickly supply reliable information is especially appreciated when researchers are library and reprint collections were raphy, and this continued to attract new located in remote areas or where academic resources are scarce. The internet allows us to con- sent in response to 377 requests from participants and visitors, partly because tribute to scientific research on birds of prey anywhere in the world. researchers and students. it raised our ranking in Google searches. • We sold $3,584 worth of duplicate Theoretically, this feature could make it books and journals to individuals. possible to make all of the publications • More than $2,000 worth of duplicate of living raptor researchers available on tResults the reprints collection to better focus books and journals were exchanged the GRIN website. We acquired new books and jour- on our mission and to make space for with commercial booksellers for new GRIN has become the most authori- nals through purchases, exchanges, and the thousands of new reprints we books. tative and detail-rich information portal donations, including contributions from received. • We received 177 technical journals, on diurnal raptors on the worldwide 25 individual donors, eight organiza- Computerized inventories of the 35 conservation magazines, and 93 web. It continues to receive enthusiastic tions and agencies, and 20 institutional journal collection, duplicate journals, newsletters by subscription or support from raptor researchers around libraries. The total approximate market and duplicate books for sale or exchange. v the world, and it is now a well-estab- value was $47,580. exchange were regularly updated, cor- lished part of the global infrastructure Non-avian reprints were culled from rected, and improved. Sales items were for raptor conservation and research. v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 43 Book chapter details Peregrine and C. Bonacic. 2012. Rufous-legged Owl (Strix rufipes) and Austral Pygmy Fund discovery Owl (Glaucidium nanum) stand use scientific publications and in a gradient of disrupted and old Three years of painstaking research presentations growth Andean temperate forests, and field work in Pakistan paid off for Chile. Studies on Neotropical Fauna Peregrine Fund researchers in 2003 when and Environment 47:33-40. uring calendar year 2011 and FY12, TPF staff and associates produced 83 publications, they proved that a veterinary drug called Kendall, C. J., and M. Z. Virani. 2012. diclofenac was the cause of a massive including 4 books, 27 book chapters, 37 technical papers, 4 reports, and 3 popular articles. Assessing mortality of African vul- and catastrophic die-off of vultures in Asia. ThisD was the highest single year total of publications in the history of The Peregrine Fund. tures using wing tags and GSM-GPS Peregrine Fund Vice President Rick transmitters. Journal of Raptor Rick Watson maintained a list of recent, in-press, in-progress, and planned publications for each Watson and Washington State University Research 46:135-140. veterinarian Lindsay Oaks tell the story of field project, and this was periodically reviewed and updated by the respective project leaders. Ogada, D. L., M. E. Torchin, M. F. Kinnard, and V. O. Ezenwa. 2012. Effects of vul- this landmark discovery in a new book, The two-volume proceedings of the conference entitled “Gyrfalcons and Ptarmigan in a Changing “Wildlife Ecotoxicology: Forensic ture declines on facultative scav- World,” which was held in Boise in February 2011, was published later in 2011 under the direction Approaches,” published by Springer. The engers and potential implications for chapter they co-authored is one of several of Rick Watson. mammalian disease transmission. in the book that provide case-by-case Conservation Biology 26:453-460. Publication of the long-awaited book on the Maya Forest Raptors Project was accomplished in examinations of how toxic chemical Piana, R. P., and S. J. Marsden. 2012. Diver- 2012 under the title of “ Neotropical birds of prey: biology and ecology of a forest raptor commu- effects on wildlife have resulted in new sity, community structure, and niche policies and regulations aimed at improv- nity.” It was edited by David Whitacre and published by Cornell University Press. characteristics within a diurnal raptor ing the environment. assemblage of northwestern Peru. Watson’s and Oaks’ detailed narrative Condor 114:279-289. takes readers on an environmental and Reson, E. N. M. 2012. Assessing Maasai scientific journey from uncovering the attitudes and perceptions toward vul- problem and identifying its cause, to pre- Altamirano, T. A., J. T. Ibarra, F. Hernández, Campbell-Thompson, E., F. H. Vargas, R. T. tures: a case study of resident Maasai senting their case to regulatory authorities I. Rojas, J. Laker, and C. Bonacic. 2012. Watson, A. Muela, and N. C. Ciceres. around Maasai Mara National and getting a policy response. They also Nesting habits of the birds of the 2012. Effect of sex and age at release Reserve, Kenya. M.Sc. thesis, Clemson look at how the regulations have been Andean temperate forests of Chile. on the independence of hacked University, Clemson, SC. implemented and their impact to date. Fondo de Protección Ambiental, San- Harpy Eagles. Journal of Raptor Rideout, B. A., I. Stalls, R. Papendick, A. The book is dedicated to Oaks, who tiago, Chile. Research 46:158-167. Pessier, B. Puschner, M. E. Finkelstein, D. died in January 2011. Botha, A. J., D. L. Ogada, and M. Z. Virani. Campbell Thompson, E. R. 2012. Reintro- R. Smith, M. Johnson, M. Mace, R. “Wildlife Ecotoxicology: Forensic 2012. Pan-African vulture summit duction and ecology of the Harpy Stroud, J. Brandt, J. Burnett, C. Parish, J. Approaches” is available for sale and may 2012, April 16-20, 2012, Masai Mara, Eagle (Harpia harpyja) in Central Petterson, C. Witte, C. Stringfield, K. Orr, be ordered from the publisher at: Kenya. Wildlife without Borders, America. Master's thesis, Universidade J. Zuba, M. Wallace, and J. Grantham. http://www.springer.com SASOL, Endangered Wildlife Trust, and Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2012. Patterns of mortality in free- The Peregrine Fund, Modderfontein, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso, Brazil. ranging California Condors (Gymno- South Africa. Ibarra, J. T., N. Gálvez, A. Gimona, T. A. gyps californianus). Journal of Wildlife Altamirano, I. Rojas, A. Hester, J. Laker, Diseases 48:95-112.

44 the peregrIne fund Rivera-Parra, J. L., K. M. Levenstein, JC. Schulze, M. D., J. L. Córdova, N. E. Seavy, Bednarz, F. H. Vargars, V. Carrion, and P. and D. F. Whitacre. 2012. Double- raptor conservation G. Parker. 2012. Implications of goat toothed Kite. Pages 68-81. eradication on the survivorship of the Seavy, N. E., M. D. Schulze, D. F. Whitacre, genetics research Galapagos Hawk. Journal of Wildlife and M. A. Vásquez. 2012. Plumbeous Project Director: Jeff Johnson Management 76:1197-1204. Kite. Pages 82-92. Sutter, J. 2012. Crane Hawk. Pages 104- n combination with field work, genetic research can be used to identify instances where low Whitacre, D. F. 2012. Neotropical birds of 119. genetic diversity could affect survival prospects in populations that are vulnerable or of small prey: biology and ecology of a forest Thorstrom, R. K. 2012. Collared Forest Isize. Genetic research is also useful for identifying unique and isolated populations or species wor- raptor community. Cornell University Falcon. Pages 250-264. thy of continued conservation or heightened protection. Press, Ithaca, NY. Thorstrom, R. K. 2012. Barred Forest Fal- Chapters include: con. Pages 234-249. Since 2003, we have used genetic research in many projects to help conserve biodiversity and Baker, A. J., D. F. Whitacre, and O. Aguirre. Thorstrom, R. K. 2012. Bicolored Hawk. identify distinct populations and species. This important tool improves our ability to provide sound 2012. Orange-breasted Falcon. Pages Pages 93-103. scientific justification for conservation. 296-312. Thorstrom, R. K., D. F. Whitacre, J. López, Draheim, G. S., D. F. Whitacre, A. M. and G. López. 2012. Gray-headed Kite. With finite resources available for addressing conservation concerns, genetic data helps us develop Enamorado, O. A. Aguirre, and A. E. Pages 39-47. our conservation priorities. Hernández. 2012. White Hawk. Pages Whitacre, D. F., and M. D. Schulze. 2012. 120-138. The Maya forest. Pages 11-38. Gerhardt, R. P., N. E. Seavy, and R. A. Whitacre, D. F., and W. A. Burnham. 2012. tResults script. Once completed, this will be the Madrid. 2012. Great Black Hawk. Pages The Maya Project. Pages 1-10. New World Vulture (Cathartidae) phy- most thorough phylogenetic study on 139-151. Whitacre, D. F., and W. A. Burnham. 2012. logenetic project—in collaboration with Falconidae to date, and results will help Gerhardt, R. P., D. M. Gerhardt, N. Bonilla, Ecology and conservation of Tikal's Joseph Brown (Univ. of Michigan) and discern relationships among species and C. J. Flatten. 2012. Black-and-white raptor fauna. Pages 328-359. David Mindell, we obtained samples that will be useful for evolutionary- Owl. Pages 320-327. Whitacre, D. F., J. A. Madrid, H. D. Madrid, from all representative species within based questions and management Gerhardt, R. P., D. M. Gerhardt, and M. A. R. Cruz, C. J. Flatten, and S. H. Funes. this and identified evolutionary decisions. Two additional taxonomic Vásquez. 2012. Swallow-tailed Kite. 2012. Ornate Hawk-eagle. Pages 203- relationships among species. Final specific studies have developed from Pages 60-67. 233. analyses have been completed and a this project and have been published in Gerhardt, R. P., and D. M. Gerhardt. 2012. Whitacre, D. F., J. López, G. López, S. H. manuscript will be submitted depend- peer-reviewed journals. Mexican Wood Owl. Pages 313-319. Funes, C. J. Flatten, and J. A. Madrid. ing on collaborators’ schedule. Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) genetic color Panasci, T. 2012. Roadside Hawk. Pages 2012. Black Hawk-eagle. Pages 185-202. Falcon (Falconidae) phylogenetic plumage polymorphism project—in col- 152-163. Whitacre, D. F., and M. A. Vásquez. 2012. project—in collaboration with Jerome laboration with Kurt Burnham and the Parker, M. N., and D. F. Whitacre. 2012. Hook-billed Kite. Pages 48-59. Fuchs (Univ. of California-Berkeley and High Arctic Institute, two studies investi- Bat Falcon. Pages 281-295. Whitacre, D. F., J. López, and G. López. California Academy of Sciences) and gating the genetics of plumage color Parker, M. N., A. M. Enamorado, and M. 2012. Crested Eagle. Pages 164-184 David Mindell, progress has been made and the timing of breeding relative to Lima. 2012. Laughing Falcon. Pages on a study focused on the phylogenetic color in Gyrfalcons were completed, 265-280. relationships among all falcon species. producing two peer-reviewed publica- Jerome has completed the final analy- tions. These results provide evidence ses and is currently writing a manu- identifying demographic and genetic

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 45 This important tool improves our ability to provide sound scientific justification for conservation.

factors influencing plumage color geo- of Gyps vultures in India. Genetic data graphic distribution in Gyrfalcon, partic- has been generated and analyses con- ularly in Greenland. A proposal has ducted. We are currently writing the been submitted to obtain funds for a manuscript for publication. Gyrfalcon nest-monitoring project using Peregrine Falcon (F. peregrinus) remote cameras to determine if inbreeding project—in collaboration plumage color is correlated with nest- with Julia Ponder (Raptor Center, Univ. ing behavior. of Minnesota), Scott Newbold (Sheridan Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) and Pere- College), and Bob Berry, we initiated a grine Falcon (F. peregrinus) nest site project investigating the effects of turnover project—in collaboration with inbreeding in the Midwest Peregrine Fal- Kurt Burnham and the High Arctic Insti- con release program. These data will be tute, we are generating genotypes from useful for identifying demographic and samples collected between 2006-12 in genetic factors correlated with inbreed- Thule and Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, to ing depression that may prove useful for identify individuals at each surveyed the conservation of falcon species at nest site. These data will be used in con- small population sizes. junction with data generated from Aplomado Falcon (F. femoralis) popu- 2002-04 field seasons to investigate lation genetics project—samples were turnover rates and site fidelity in the obtained from the South Texas popula- two study areas. tion. We are searching for funds to initi- Gyps vulture captive breeding proj- ate a project to determine how current in collaboration with Chris Bow- levels of genetic diversity and effective

brad winn ect— den, Rhys Green, and Farah Ishtiaq population size compare to the founder (Royal Society for the Protection of population and captive-released to Birds), we initiated a project to obtain Aplomado Falcons between 1993 and A pair of Aplomado Falcons near the Laguna Atascosa Wildlife Refuge in South Texas. genetic data that will allow us to help 2004. This information will prove useful To assess the population’s sustainability, we plan to examine their genetic diversity in reduce potential inbreeding effects for assessing both short- and long-term greater detail. within the captive breeding population sustainability of this population.v

46 the peregrIne fund Jamshed Chaudhry (center) and his colleagues at a Long-billed Vulture student education field site in Nagar Parkar, Pakistan. ur student education program aims to make a lasting contribution to global biodiversity Oconservation and science by developing a raptor biologist in every country in the world. In more than 40 years of conservation success, we have found that well-qualified and experienced individuals are the essential driving force for conservation progress and initiatives. Good science, especially knowledge and understanding of biotic processes and systems, is the anchor for effec- tive conservation.

We provide financial and logistical support to students associated with the East Africa Project, Madagascar Project, Neotropical Science and Student Education Project, and the Asian Vulture

Project. Most of these students graduate with a master’s or doctoral degree from universities in the munir virani ing his DEA thesis in Madagascar on United States and around the world. ecotourism as a development tool in Stéphanie Razakaratrimo began a support of creating the new DEA on nesting ecology of Bat Hawks tAsian Vulture Project Nicholas Gardener graduated with Bemanevika protected area on behalf at Tambohorano-Mandrozo Lake pro- Jamshed Chaudhry continued with his M.Sc. thesis on habitat use of Long- of Madagascar Serpent Eagles, Mada- tected area. his fieldwork for his Ph.D. through crested Eagles in southern Uganda gascar Red Owls, Henst’s Goshawks, and Evà Andriafanomezantsoa completed Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, from Exeter University in the United other endangered, endemic raptors, as her Engineers degree in AgroForestry on Pakistan on population trends of breed- Kingdom. well as the endangered Madagascar development and implementation of ing Long-billed Vultures Gyps indicus in Corinne Kendall graduated with her Pochard. the management plan at Manambolo- Nagar Parkar, Pakistan. Ph.D. through Princeton University on Andriantahina Jean Hubert Rakoto maty Lakes Complex protected area. vulture ecology and effects of human began a DEA degree study of the ethno- Harinosy Ranaivoson began a B.Sc. tEast Africa Project impacts on them in Kenya. botany, ecology, and natural regenera- on traditional customs and their effects Masumi Gudka graduated with her tion of plants in Tsimembo Forest, in on biodiversity conservation at Tambo- M.Sc. thesis on a study of organochlo- tMadagascar Project support of creating the Manambolo- horano-Mandrozo Lake protected area. rine contamination on African Fish Donatien Randrianjafiniasa gradu- maty protected area on behalf of Mada- Marius Rakotondratsima postponed Eagles at Lakes Naivasha and Baringo ated with his DEA (M.Sc. equivalent) gascar Fish Eagles. his Ph.D. until November 2012, on forest from the University of Cape Town, South study on the Madagascar Cuckoo-Hawk. Felana Jeanne Henriette Andrianirina fragment bird communities at Africa. Juliot Carl Ramamonjisoa completed began a DEA degree study on the vege- Bealanana-Bemanevika protected area. Eric Ole Reson graduated with his his fourth field season for his Ph.D. study tation structure and spatio-evolution of fieldwork on documenting perceptions on the owls of northern Madagascar. Tsimembo Forest, in support of creating tNeotropical Raptor Project and attitudes of the Maasi community The Seing Sam graduated with his the Manambolomaty protected area on The Peregrine Fund supports eight towards vultures and other birds of prey DEA (M.Sc. equivalent) on the ecology behalf of Madagascar Fish Eagles. students working on projects in six in Siana and Koiyaki Group ranches of of the Madagascar Pochard in northern Gilbert Razanfimanjato graduated countries in the Neotropics. Details are the Masai Mara as part of his M.Sc. study Madagascar. with his Ph.D. thesis on Madagascar Fish included in pages 30-33 in the Neotropi- from Clemson University, USA. Yannick Antsa Ramiandrasoa is writ- Eagles in December 2011. cal section.v conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 47 The clicking of cameras announces the arrival of Wally, a young Eurasian Eagle-owl, as education program he silently flies over the audience at the new Raptor Ridge. Project Director: Bill Heinrich

ithout public education, our work to conserve threatened and endangered species would be far more difficult, if not impossible. We believe that knowledge allows people Wto make informed decisions and sparks the passion to power effective solutions.

Our education program is directed at both domestic and international audiences. Our aim is to cre- ate awareness campaigns and other activities that allay fear and misunderstanding and build sup- port for the conservation of birds of prey.

The World Center for Birds of Prey draws more than 30,000 visitors each year. Live bird demonstra- tions, interactive displays, guided tours, films, and child-friendly activities make the Velma Morri- son Interpretive Center one of the most popular tourist destinations in Boise, Idaho. Many people also include a docent-led tour of the Archives of Falconry during their visit.

The interpretive center opened in 1994, 10 years after the World Center for Birds of Prey was established. As the public face of our organization, it is a key component in all of our conservation efforts. Our informative displays, public outreach, and skilled expertise make the interpretive cen- ter a sought-after resource by birdwatchers, educators, media, and community leaders.

tResults Flight Demonstrations. Construction More than 36,000 people heard and began in late August and ended in mid- experienced our education message September. Funding was provided by through our on-site and off-site pro- one of our long-time volunteers, Bill grams. Nearly 30,000 people visited the Belknap, and his wife Barbara, who interpretive center and 6,478 students have our thanks for making the flight teachers comprised of 116 school via email after their visit to the facility participated in the environmental edu- shows so successful. groups visited the facility on school- with their class. A total of 87 teachers cation program. Our philosophy of providing a qual- endorsed visits. As with previous years, completed the survey. A significant accomplishment was ity (as opposed to quantity) approach 86% of the students visiting were ele- We continued to reach out to local the completion of a new outdoor seat- to education programs for school mentary students, grades K-6. Staff and organizations, events, and schools ing area, Raptor Ridge. This arena holds groups is a high priority. Most teachers volunteers conducted 192 environmen- through off-site events with live raptors. 300 people for any outdoor presenta- continue to have a positive reaction to tal education programs with live raptors We participated in 31 off-site events tion, including the popular Outdoor Fall this policy. A total of 5,456 students and on-site. We continued to survey teachers with a total attendance of 8,354 people.

48 the peregrIne fund bruce parks

A significant accomplishment was the completion of a new outdoor seating area, Raptor Ridge, made

paul spurling possible by a donation paul spurling paul

A Swainson’s Hawk is one of the many raptor ambassadors from Bill and Barbara ready to demonstrate impressive flight skills for visitors. Belknap. Above: Bill Belknap addresses Raptor Ridge’s first audience after an introduction by President Peter Jenny (right).

the importance of the conservation of tors over the previous year. California An informative photo exhibit at the birds of prey and their environments. and Washington both came in at 9% of interpretive center featured The Pere- For the second year, we hosted two our visitation. Friends and family refer- grine Fund’s work in Madagascar. We sponsored Family Field Trip Saturday rals continue to be the primary created the display to inform visitors events, which were free for visitors. method visitors learn about us, of the work we do internationally by Over the two days (one in January, one although our rack card/brochure and focusing on research and education. in February), 2,300 people attended. the freeway sign also drive a signifi- We plan to create a similar new Sponsorship included a full week of cant number of visitors. exhibit annually. radio advertising and a remote broad- Additional marketing and efforts to The east end of the viewing hall cast during both events. Families partic- create changing programs have where visitors can observe live birds ipated in more than 900 educational improved the overall visitor experience of prey was renovated to match the hunts and 1,100 hands-on and increased sales of memberships. To west end of the hall. New glass and ©Jim shane, photobyjimshane.com craft activities. These two events encourage more visitors to become larger viewing widows were added. These programs included presentations increased our visitation during our members of The Peregrine Fund, we The walls were painted inside the to students at seven Title I schools and slowest months. added signage to inform them of mem- chambers for the Aplomado Falcons other elementary, middle, and high Data collected from 575 entries in ber benefits, including that their paid and the . schools in Idaho and Oregon. In most our electronic guest book at the inter- admission could be upgraded the same We introduced some new marketing cases, the entire school population pretive center showed that our pri- day to a membership. This effort pro- strategies, including a Facebook page attended the presentations, which mary visitation came from Idaho, duced 224 new memberships—an for the interpretive center. One of our focused on birds of prey, the projects which represented 67 % of the entries. increase of 51% in number of member- sponsors, Larry H. Miller Subaru, and history of The Peregrine Fund, and This was a 7% increase in Idaho visi- ships over the previous year. donated the lease for a Subaru Outback

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 49 to be used for educational outreach. Jack Cafferty and Operations Manager The company also provided graphics Nick Piccono. the archives of falconry for a vehicle wrap to create a moving A total of 69 volunteers contributed Curator: John R. Swift billboard for us. 6,253 hours to the education program. We added two new Aplomado Fal- They worked in the gift shop, con- efore The Archives of Falconry existed, the death of a falconer often meant the loss, too, of cons, a male Western Screech Owl, a ducted tours of the interpretive center valuable photographs, documents, art, books, and artifacts. The archives was established in male Harris’s Hawk, a male Eurasian and The Archives of Falconry, and per- B1986 to collect these items — it remains the only one in the world whose sole purpose is to pre- Eagle Owl, and a male Peregrine Falcon formed essential miscellaneous serve materials related to the hunting sport of falconry. to our educational raptor inventory. We tasks. We are indebted to their service added three new staff members to the and contributions. We continued to host An important part of our work is to educate the public about falconry and the contributions of fal- education department: a gift shop man- orientations for interested volunteers coners to raptor conservation. We do this with informative displays and interactive exhibits that are ager, a volunteer coordinator/education and plan to update our current training open daily. specialist, and a director, Bill Heinrich, procedures. v to replace Interpretive Center Director We also are a place where people gather to share their passion for falconry. Each spring, our annual rendezvous attracts falconers from near and far to celebrate their sport, view our collections, and honor those who have died.

In North America, falconry has been practiced for only a century, a short time when compared to the 4,500-year history of falconry worldwide. The archives shows the influence of , the Middle East, and Asia on North American falconry and reflects the international scope of our collections. Students 11% Recognized for its significance to falconry, the archives was selected as the site for a museum dedi- cated to the memory of the late Sheikh Zayed, a falconer and first president of the . The addition added to the growing international prestige of The Archives of Falconry. Adults 45% 13,939 tResults Falconry Festival in Abu Dhabi. Students Children The Archives continued to fulfill its The Archives of Falconry hosted the and Children 27% primary mission to collect and preserve fifth annual Spring Rendezvous with falconry materials with the addition of more than 175 falconers in attendance. more than 100 gifts. The rendezvous featured a special exhi- Four quarterly issues of the Heritage bition of drawings and paintings by e-newsletter were published and e- Robert Katona. Eleven falconers were Seniors mailed to 1,200 Archives’ supporters honored on the Wall of Remembrance, 17% and posted on our Facebook page, bringing the total recognized to 77. The which has more than 2,700 followers. Book of Remembrance, which presents Curator John Swift represented the a pictorial and biographical history of Archives at several national and state each falconer on the Wall, was displayed Of the more than 36,000 visitors to the World Center for Birds of Prey, 38% were children visiting with their families or on school field trips. club events as well as the International at several national and state events.

50 the peregrIne fund Major acquisitions Set of 60 large photographs of Peregrine The new Legacy Circle, dedicated to the memory of Chad Hunter Cyrus, is formed by basalt columns eyries in Vermont by egg collector Karl overlooking the Wall of Remembrance at The Pember Archives of Falconry. Cloth hawking bag from Mohamed Al Bowardi (UAE)

Large display case from Don Anderson showcasing falconry equipment

Copy of Ronald Stevens’ Observations on Modern Falconry, 1972, from Steve Platt, with nine original pencil drawings of Platt and falcons by artist John Langford

Four leather hoods made by Roger Upton (UK)

Original watercolor of a falcon with a Dutch hood by Robert Katona, from William Mallon

Dutch-style hood by Bill Barbour

Modern falconry book by Noriko Otsuka (Japan)

Decorated leather hawking bags by

david wells david Marc Pitteman (Belgium) vicki swift Self-published catalog of the library of Tom Cantella

Falconry equipment from Jim A new Legacy Circle was created to support the legacy of falconry. Adamson recognize active donors who have Pete and Lucy Widener, through the contributed a minimum of $10,000 Eyas Foundation, constructed the Six DVDs of NAFA presentations from cumulatively to the Archives of Fal- Legacy Circle in memory of their Larry Miller conry. Each donor is recognized with a friend and falconer Chad Hunter special bronze hood-shaped plaque Cyrus. Chad’s mother, Sunnie Shea, Historic antique shotgun custom-made mounted on a basalt pillar placed in a participated in a special dedication cer- A shotgun made for Colonel for Col. Thomas Thornton from Tony circle. This circle of donors represents emony of the Legacy Circle, which was Thomas Thornton is among the James (UK). the lifetime of giving that these indi- held in conjunction with the Wall of many treasures received at The Archives in 2012. viduals and families have donated to Remembrance installation. v

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 51 Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Indiana Audubon Society tAll Projects Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Zoological Society of San Diego, Dr. Bruce Kansas Hawking Club Dr. Jeff Johnson, University of North Texas Turner Endangered Species Fund Rideout Kevin Smith Nature Photography Hal Maxey We thank the Turner Enterprises Inc. Lake Ledge Naturalist tAplomado Falcon Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service tAmerican Kestrel Little Traverse Conservancy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Bays and Louisville Open Space Division following Tim Anderson Partnership Estuaries Program Madison Audubon Society Lee and Ramona Bass Alvernia College, Jim Klucsarits U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Private Mary McPherson Elementary School individuals and Ing. Erique Baeza American Birding Association Stewardship Program Massachusetts Audubon Society Dewey & Linda Brown Audubon Dakota institutions for Tom Waddell Massachusetts Falconry and Hawk Trust Bureau of Land Management Audubon Minnesota Zoological Society of San Diego, Dr. Bruce McCall Master Naturalist chapter their cooperation John Coffman Audubon New York Rideout McGill University, David Bird A.T. & Cinda Cole Audubon Society of Omaha Middleburgh Middle School and partnership Jimmy and Suanne Delk Audubon Society of the Capital Region tThe Archives of Falconry Mill Creek Metro Parks Department of Defense at Audubon Texas in 2012. Many are Jack and Mara Brannon Missouri River Bird Observatory White Sands Missile Range Avian Conservation Center of Appalachia Peter Devers Montana Audubon Beau Hardegree Beale Air Force Base donors as well, Tony Huston Mosquito Hill Nature Center Tom Hass and Janice Newman Beaver Creek Reserve Ashley Neubrand Mount Diablo Audubon Society listed in pages Ephraim Hinojosa Birds-I-View, Steve and Regina Garr Natalie Nicholson Native Bird Connections Richard and Sandi Hoover Boise High School Kathleen Orlenko Nebraska Falconers’ Association 54-57. Brad Kelley Boise Parks and Recreation James Thomas New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife Kendal Keyes Boise State University, Julie Heath Nick Vanhole New York City Audubon Society LightHawk Borah High School Alberto Macias Nez Perce National Historical Park tCalifornia Condor Program Central Wisconsin Kestrel Research Gus Martin North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Arizona Game and Fish Department College of Southern Idaho, Jan Simpkin Carl Mattson and Julie Boyd North Marion High School Arizona Public Service Colorado Hawking Club Jon and Jackie Means Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative Arizona Strip Bureau of Land Management Columbia Audubon Society Meridian Veterinary Clinic, Dr. Scott Higer On The Wing Photography, Mia McPherson Lee Banning Connemara Conservancy Clay and Jody Miller Pine Woods Audubon Society Justus Bauschinger Cornell Lab of Ornithology Angel Montoya Placer Land Trust Boise State University Eagle ID Parks and Recreation of donations we receive% Miguel Mora, Texas A & M University Plano Parks and Recreation 4 Eagle Valley Raptor Center are used for programs Bureau of Land Management Pocatello Master Naturalist Chapter 9 Richard Moore East Cascades Audubon Society J. Charlie Fergason Portneuf Valley Audubon Society Johnny & Margaret Mounyo Fargo-Moorhead Audubon Society Habitat, Dr. Reed Linenberger Prairie Falcon Audubon Society Mustang Island State Park Florida Fish and Wildlife Liberty Wildlife, Dr. Kathy Orr Providence Raptor Photography, Peter Green Ruth Mutch Conservation Commission Meridian Veterinary Clinic, Dr. Scott Higer Raptor Education Group, Inc. New Mexico Bureau of Land Management Fort Gordon Natural Resources Branch National Park Service Raptors of the Rockies, Kate Davis New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Gallatin Valley Land Trust Victor Neese Raritan Headwaters Association New Mexico Ranch Properties Golden Eagle Audubon Society Maggie Sacher, Lee’s Ferry Lodge Ray Barlow Nature and Wildlife Photography New Mexico State Land Office Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Salt River Project Regroupement QuébecOiseaux Freddy Nieto Hawks Aloft, Inc. Southern Utah’s Coalition of Resources River Bluffs Audubon Society The Port of Brownsville HawkWatch International and Economics Riverstone International School The Raptor Center, Dr. Pat Redig Highlands Elementary School Dorothy Tinkler, Ph.D. Rob Palmer Wildlife Photography Damon F. Reeves Idaho Bird Observatory Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine Sacajawea Audubon Wade Ruddock Idaho Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Forest Service San Pedro Elementary School Tanner Schaub Sara Focht U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sharon Audubon Center State of Texas Idaho Falls Master Naturalist chapter U.S. Geological Survey Sheppard Elementary School Jerry Taylor Idaho Foundation for Parks and Lands University of Idaho South Florida Audubon Society

52Thank you for your partnership.the peregrIne fund Southern Appalachian Raptor Research George and Melina Headley West Indies: Madagascar Institut pour le Conservation des tAsia Pacific Program Spring Creek Prairie Audubon Center Hidden Valley Inn Central Romano Corporation, Ltd. Ecosystemes Tropicaux (MICET) ACC Cement Company (India) Spy on a Bird LLC, Perry Herpai Amon and Nathascha Johnson Dr. Marcia Couri Madagascar National Parks Balendu Singh of Dev Vilas Star Elementary School LightHawk Dirección General de Ganadería, Madagasikara Voakajy Dr. Hem Sagar Baral Straits Area Audubon Jack Long Departamento de Análisis de Riesgo. Melaky Regional Department of Environment Patrick Benson Timberline High School Ms. Mareli, Mallorca Hotel Dominican Republic Secretaría de Estado de and Forest Chris Bowden University of North Texas, Jeff Johnson Ministry of Natural Resources Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Ministry of the Fishery Bird Conservation Nepal University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, and the Environment Fundación Propagas Ministry of the Population Bombay Natural History Society Steven Dutch Dr. Isabelle Paquet-Durand Habitat, Dr. Reed Linenberger Ministry of the Environment and Forest (MEF) Jamshed Chaudhry, WWF-Pakistan US Army Corps of Engineers, Keith Hyde Dr. Edwardo Tesecum Dr. Roger Moon Ministry of the University (MinSup) Forest Departments of Madhya Pradesh Valley Forge Audubon Society Trevor Roe Museo de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo Ministry of Foreigners and Rajasthan Wachiska Audubon Society Wilbur Sabido Nautimar, Jose Luis Prida Ministry Department of the Biodiversity Manav Khanduja, Pugdundee Safaris West Boise Junior High School Punta Cana Conservation and the Protected Area Zahir Merchant, The Bath Shop Western Great Lakes Bird and Bat Observatory Sociedad Ornitología de la Hispaniola (SOH) System Guatemala: Philippine Eagle Foundation Yellowstone Valley Audubon Society Mirtha Cano Missouri (MBG) Punjab and Sind Wildlife Departments, Yosemite Area Audubon Society Julio Madrid National Ramsar Committee (CONARAMS) tPan Africa Project Pakistan Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge Tikal National Park Office National pour L’Environnement (ONE) A Rocha Kenya Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, U.K. WCS-Petén, CONAP Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Management Team Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza tGlobal Raptor Shailendra Tewari of Tigers Den Professor Sylvere Rakotofiringa, University of Base Camp Foundation Sharad Vats of Nature Safari Limited Information System Antananarivo South America: Dr. Marc Bechard, Boise State University World Wide Fund for Nature- Pakistan Julie Kiff Asociación Armonía (Bolivia) Dr. Keith Bildstein, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Regional Service of Fishery of Melaky Chris Restall Regional Office of Tourism Melaky CECARA and Universidad Nacional Dr. Rob Davies tMadagascar Project Jesse Timberlake de la Pampa (Argentina) Regional Office of Tourism Sofia Department of Zoology, Association ASITY Madagascar Comuna Zuleta (Ecuador) Rurale Commune of Antananivo-Haut National Museums of Kenya Association VAHATRA tNeotropical Program CONICET (Argentina) Rurale Commune of Andranovao East Africa Wildlife Society Brigade de la Gendarmerie Bealanama CONICYT (Chile) Rurale Commune of Antsalova Panama: Robbie Wytock, Ebo Trust Brigade de la Gendarmerie Tambohorano Campesinos communities of Chepigana region Fauna Australis and Universidad Catolica Rurale Commune of Beandrarezona Elsa Trust Ltd. Centre National de Formation Professionnelle Congreso de Tierras Colectivas Embera y (Chile) Rurale Commune of Masoarivo Endangered Wildlife Trust des Personnes en Situation de Handicap Wounaan (CTCEW) Fundacion Condor (Ecuador) Rurale Commune of Tambohorano Hells Gate Management Committee (CNFPPSH) Embera and Wounaan Communities of Fundación Charles Darwin (Ecuador) Rurale Commune of Trangahy Shiv Kapila Conservation International – Madagascar Chepigana Region Fundación Gala Plaza Lasso (Ecuador) Rurale Commune of Veromanga Kenya Wildlife Service Department of Animal Biology, University of Jacobo Lacs Fundacion Jocotoco (Ecuador) SAF/FJKM MELAKY (Sahan’Asa Ms. Sarah Higgins, The Little Owl Sanctuary Antananarivo National Environmental Authority of Panama Grupo Nacional de Trabajo Fampandrosoana/Fiangonan’i Jesosy Ol-Pejeta Conservancy Department of Anthropology, (ANAM) del Condor Andino (GNTCA) Kristy eto Madagasikara) Makerere University Institute of Environment University of Antananarivo Sociedad Mastozoologica de Panamá Hacienda Hosteria Guaytara (Ecuador) Sofia Regional Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Uganda) Department of History and Geography, (SOMASPA) Hacienda Ilitio (Ecuador) and Forest Mr. Minis, Senior Warden Masai Mara University of Antananarivo Tierras Colectivas Embera y Wounaan Hacienda Zuleta (Ecuador) United Nations Educational, Scientific and National Reserve DREN Melaky (Direction Régionale de Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI) Instituto Nacional de Recursos Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Mpala Research Centre I’Education Nationale) Naturales (Peru) University of Antananarivo Nature Kenya DREN Sofia (Direction Régionale de Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) University of Tulear Belize: Nature Uganda I’Education Nationale) Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (MAE) USAID – Madagascar Belize Agricultural Health Authority (BAHA) Hetal Patel, Sokomoto Ltd. Durell Wildlife Conservation Trust Parque Nacional Galápagos (Ecuador) Wildlife and Wetlands Trust Belize Forest Department Azim Rajwani, Africa-Eco Camps Ltd. ESS Agro, University of Antananarivo Quito Zoo (Ecuador) Wildlife Conservation Society The Belize Zoo/Tropical Education Center Rajni Shah, Sentrim Hotels FAPBM (La Fondation pour les Aires Protégées SIMBIOE (Ecuador) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF- Black Rock Lodge Raptor Working Group of Nature Kenya et la Biodiversité de Madagascar) S.O.S. Falconiformes (Brazil) Madagascar) Cameron and Kelley Boyd Simon Thomsett Groupement de la Gendarmerie Maintirano University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) Bull Run Overseas, Ltd Prof. Ara Monadjem, University of Swaziland Local communities of Bemanevika Universidad Católica (Ecuador) Dr. Miguel DePaz Jay Sanghavi, Vintage Africa Ltd. Local communities of Manamabolomaty University of Missouri Saint Louis (USA) Rasheda Garcia Vulture Specialist Group of IUCN Local communities of Mandrozo Pete Guenther Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador) Iain Allan, Tropical-Ice Ltd.

conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 53 $1,000-2,499 Don and Carol McCartneyj $20,0000 or more Africa Eco-Camps Ltd. Meridian Veterinary Clinic Acacia Partners, LP Ms. Henrietta K. Alexanderj Ms. Linda Meza Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation Bennu Allen Anpial Microwave Telemetry, Inc. Lee and Ramona Bass Arizona Game and Fish Department Mrs. Paul L. Millerj Mr. Harry Bettis Atua Enkop Mr. Carl Mitchell j Mr. and Mrs. H. William A.J. and Susie Balukoff Mr. and Mrs. Don Moser Will and Margaret Betchartj Belknap North American Falconers Association Estate of Mary Blackmon Smith Mr. Jim Norton The Bobolink Foundation Dr. P. Dee Boersma Mr. Jack C. Osgood Jack and Mara Brannon Mr. Mohammed A. Al- Bowardij Elizabeth B. Parksj The Brown Foundation, Inc., Houston Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Brewster Partridge Fest Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Mr. William A. Brock and Dr. Elizabeth D. Mr. Michael Peleg Conservation International-Madagascar Owens Dr. Marshall F. Priestj Dr. and Mrs. Tom J. and Renetta Cadej Laura Moore Cunningham $2,500-4,999 Quint Financial Group, LLC Ms. Janet Carstens Raptor Resource Project Foundation, Inc. William Belton Estate Mrs. Susan Cavenderj Mr. Henrik Rasmussen Edward W. Rose III Family Fund of j $10,000 -19,999 Marilyn Bicking Cedar Elm Fund of The Foundation Mr. Mark Restum The Dallas Foundation Alaska Airlines Dr. Richard Bierregaard and Ms. Cathy Chevron Humankind Matching Gift Program The Jim and Patty Rouse Charitable Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund Dolanj CommonCents Foundation, Inc. Drs. Frederick A. Beland hank The Charles Engelhard Foundation Ms. Sharon Cafferty Mr. and Mrs. Derek Craighead Dr. James Roush and Susan S. Beland j Eyas Foundation T Frank T. and Lynn Curtin Johnny Russell and Ruth Bowman Russellj Mr. and Mrs. Yvon V. Chouinardj Corporate Matching Gift from The j Kate and Sam Gary, Jr. Capital Group Companies Charitable Mr. Paul Dickson The Schiff Foundation Conservation International-CEPF Grant Tucker and Lacey Neuhaus Dornj Mr. Richard T. Schotte The Samuel Gary, Jr. Family Foundation Foundation Double Eagle Dairy Dorrance Family Foundation Signs by Tomorrow Grasslans Charitable Foundation LTC Sidney Kent Carnie Fiberpipe Internet Services $5,000-9,999 Mr. Frank Ely Mr. Ross D. Siragusa, Jr.j Mr. Thomas W. Haas Ms. Virginia H. Carterj Caroline Forgason AldrichPears Associates Dr. and Mrs. James H. Enderson Bailey Smith Fund The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Mr. Robert J. Collins The Fanwood Foundation j Ms. Rebecca Gaples and Mr. Simon Mr. Frank M. Bond Mr. John C. Snelling Charitable Trust Count Charles de Ganayj Fort Wayne Zoological Society, Inc. Ms. Jennifer P. Speersj Harrison Dr. and Mrs. William E. Hidden Valley Inn you Wendy and James Drasdo Dr. Mark Fuller Mr. Norman D. St. Armour Cornatzer The Griffin Family Trust Galapagos Conservancy Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Stacy Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Hudson Mr. Chris Crowej Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Thomas W. Haas Fund of the NH The Golden Pearl Foundation Mrs. Julie Kelleher Stacy Robert Wood Johnson 1962 Charitable Devon and Katherine Elstunj Charitable Foundation Alfred M. Dufty, Jr. Estate Ms. Tina Good Mrs. Connie Stanger Trust The Tim and Karen Hixon Foundation Eagle Optics Kevin Finn Goshawk Fund, a Donor Advised Fund at the John and Vicki Swift Ms. Judith King IWCF Members’ Philanthropic Gift Evergreen II Trust Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association Nature Conservancy Ms. Catherine G. Symchych j Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Fund in the Idaho Community Felburn Foundation Ron R. Hartley Estate Mrs. Helen K. Groves Tall Timbers Research Station Kleberg Foundation Hacienda Ilitio Foundation Frederic C. Hamilton Family Foundation Hewlett-Packard Company Foundation Dr. Bruce Taubert The Hackborn Foundation, Inc. j LightHawk Higgins & Rutledge Insurance, Inc. Ms. Beth Taylor Mr. Tony James Mr. and Mrs. Frederic Hewlett-Packard Company Minera Panama j Joseph H. Thompson Fund Mrs. Patricia Manigault C. Hamilton, Jr. Walter Clay Hill Family Foundation Dr. Stephen Hillj j Mr. Jack Long j Mr. and Mrs. Steve Thompson Mr. Carl Mattson and Ms. Julie Boyd Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hoover Donald and Mary Kayser Barney and Anne Hollandj David Thomsonj My Good Fund Trust j Larry H. Miller Subaru Mr. William Mallon, Jr. Luther King Capital Management Holohil Systems Limited Mr. and Mrs. Peter B. Tirrell National Park Service Harry W. Morrison Foundation, Inc. Maple Grove Dairy Ms. Loraine E. Klingerj Mr. Blake Hopkins Treasure Valley Family Magazine Mr. Carl Navarre Ruth O’Donnell Mutch Dr. Carl Marti Estate Irving Kohn Foundation, Inc. Alan and Sally Jenkins U.S. Coast Guard Academy Mr. and Mrs. J. Peter Jenny j Offield Family Foundation MyPublisher, Inc. Mr. Steve Martin The Lightfoot Foundation Ms. Christie Van Cleve Janet Stone Jones Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Jack Vexler Mr. and Mrs. Paxson Offield Ms. Janice Newman Microsoft Mr. Forrest E. Mars, Jr. Ms. Maggie Jonesj Vortex Optics Mr. and Mrs. Edward W. Rose, III Punta Cana Ecological Foundation Prince Albert II of Monaco Mr. Marshall B. Miller and Lisa Kern and Nancy Caspersenj Ms. Linda Waddell Paul Rovey Dairy j Foundation, Inc. Ms. Claudia P. Huntington Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte Mr. and Mrs. Brian Knox William and Noel Wadej Turner Foundation, Inc. Soaring Wings Investments, LLC Natural Encounters Schwab Charitable Fund Mr. and Mrs. Mike D. Laheyj The John Newell Wade Foundation of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Swiss Friends of the Galapagos Conservation Fund Mr. Gregory Strimplej Richard and Alyssa Leatherman Ayco Charitable Fnd. U.S. Geological Survey Jane Smith Turner Foundation Gloria M. Young Ornithological Fund of Mr. Tom Taylor Legacy Feed and Fuel Wal-Mart Foundation Ms. Marty Leonard Wells Fargo Wealth Management The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation U.S. Bancorp Foundation The Philadelphia Foundation Wallick Family Foundation Donor Leopold and Stevens, Inc. Dr. Stanley N. Wiemeyer James and Christine Weaver Dr. Stella Marie Schmittner Advised Fund of the Wyoming United Nationals Environmental Mr. Stephen Lewis Mr. John Winnj White Sands Missile Range The Terteling Company Community Foundation Program - Convention on Migratory John S. Mackiewicz, Ph.D.j Blair and Laura Woodallj j Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation Species Mr. and Mrs. Bill Weiler Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wallick Mr. Stanley Marcusj Jesse Woody Family (Erin Holmes and Julie Ann Wrigley Foundation Wiancko Charitable Foundation Prof. and Mrs. Clayton M. White The Whittenberger Foundation Matira Camp Heather Ramza)

54 jLeadership Council members the peregrIne fund $200-499 Chesapeake Bay Girl Scounts Greenfield Custom Meats Mr. and Mrs. Bart Kline Dr. Sandra Aamodt Mr. and Mrs. Doug Christensen Mr. Gregory Greenquist Ms. Karen Kluge and Mr. Terry we invite you to join Leadership Council Mr. and Mrs. Jim Adamson Christensen Family Foundation Ms. Jozeffa Ann Greer Rosenmeier Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Aines Mr. Gregory M. Clark Mr. Matthew Grenfell Ms. Belinda A. Knochel and receive these additional benefits: Mr. Bryce Airhart Mr. Peter Wm. Clark Mrs. Pilar Grisco Mr. and Mrs. Ted Kolbaba Mr. David C. Allais Mrs. Cathy Clifford Ms. Henrietta Gunn Mr. Prempeh Kubi • personalized desktop paperweight Mrs. Carole Alverson Mr. Grady E. Coblentz Dr. and Mrs. William Guth Mr. William D. Lanagan, Jr. America’s Charities Ms. Esther Coke Ms. Mary Hackley Ms. Barbara Lancaster and Mr. • invitations to selected board events Amgen Foundation, Inc. Dr. Charles T. Collins Hageman Family Foundation Ron Vance Mr. Steven LaRue • a membership to give a friend Mr. Blair Anderson Ms. Deanna L. Combs Mr. Clay Hagewood Mr. Adam Anich Mr. Thomas Connors Karen Haifley Mr. Daniel Lass • a behind-the-scenes tour of the world center Mr. Allen Asbury and Ms. Teresa Mr. William Conway Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Haifley Mr. Joseph Lawson for Birds of Prey Maylor Dr. Jerald L. Cooper Mr. William Halliwell Ms. Paulette F. Leeper Mr. Rick Ashworth Ms. Linnae Costello Mrs. Jane Hallowell Ms. Jennifer Leidich • quarterly updates from the President Mr. Bill Aston Mr. Pierre Couillaud Dr. E. A. Hankins, III Mr. and Mrs. Andy Leneway Mr. Tony A. Auld Mr. William Cundiff Ms. Kathy Haranzo Mr. Alan Lieberman and Ms. Cyndi Visit www.peregrinefund.org/leadership-council to learn more and join! Mr. Jerry Bagnani Mrs. Marie A. de Angelis Mr. and Mrs. Logan Hardison Kuehler Bank of America Charitable Mr. Brady Decker Dr. and Mrs. Alan D. Harley Mr. and Mrs. Bill Link Foundation Mrs. Michelle Devine Mr. and Mrs. Elliotte M. Harold, Jr. Ms. Diana Little Mr. Lee Banning Mr. and Mrs. Lee Dickerson Christi and Regan Haswell Ms. Janet E. Lotz Shelly and Rocky Barbanica Mr. and Mrs. Richard Lueckel $500-999 Ms. Margaret Flerchinger Mr. Gary Landers Mr. Adam Rixey Mr. and Mrs. Rod Ditzler Ms. Laura W. Hebenstreit Mr. and Mrs. Craig Barrett Mr. William L. Hegarty Mr. Robert Magnusson AAA Oregon/Idaho Mr. Carlos A. Garza Dr. Ray Lappan and Ms. Cathy Ms. Allison Rohnert Mr. R. David Duncan Craig and Barbara Barrett Mr. and Mrs. Danny Durrance Dr. and Mrs. Glen Helzer Mr. Zahid Mahmood Ms. Kristen L. Anderson Gem State Communications Kriloff Mr. Michael Roja Foundation Mr. David Eagleton Dr. Anita Hendrickson Mr. Ken Manning Ms. Donna Bailey Edyne and Allen Gordon Mr. Hugh M. Lawrence Mr. and Mrs. Gordon W. Mr. John R. Baumert Ms. Dolly Manyon Ms. Linda Bailey Foundation Mr. and Mrs. James Lee Rosenberg Mr. and Mrs. David Eagleton Mr. James Henry Bay Area Birders Dr. Vaughan Hetem Mr. Peter F. Maronge Mr. David N. Ball Ms. Barbara Grace Tina and James Lee Ms. Monica Ryan Harold and Jacque Eastman Ms. Lorraine Bazan and Mr. Chris Mr. and Mrs. William M. Edison Mrs. Henrietta P.C. Hildebrand Mr. Ronald A. Marquez Ms. Cherie Barton Ms. Cynthia Gray Ms. and Mr. Margot LeRoy Mrs. Sally Sailer M. Stover Mr. and Mrs. Leland Endres Mr. and Mrs. Frank G. Hill Mr. and Mrs. Russell Martenson Barton Family Trust Mr. and Mrs. Dick Harley Steve and Eileen Loerch Sandpiper Fund BCD Travel Valerie Endres Mr. Jan Hintermeister Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mascuch Mr. Adam Bates Mr. and Mrs. John F. Harrigan Mr. and Mrs. Ron Malek Ms. Mary Schlosser and Dr. Linda, Tim, BreAnna, and Tyler Mr. Edward Engel Ms. Mary D. Hodges Mr. David E. Mason Mr. Max W. Batzer Daniel Harrington Mr. Andrew L. Martin Stewart J. Hazel Behrman Mr. James Entgelmeier Mr. and Mrs. Herb Holt Mr. and Mrs. Don Masterson Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Beebe Hatch Design Associates Mr. Stuart C. Martin Mr. Randolph E. Schmidt Dr. and Mrs. Herbert John Beil Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Fawcett Mr. Rick Hoover Mr. Timothy P. McDaniel Blackwell Library The Hirsch Family Charitable Ms. Tina M Massey Mr. George Scott Ms. Jan Bell Mr. Donald A. Fisher Mr. and Mrs. Cliff Howard Ms. Mimi McMillen Mr. Peter H. Bloom and Ms. Fund Dr. and Mrs. William Mattox Sentrim Hotels Mr. and Mrs. Roger Bell Dr. Nicole Fliss Mr. Craig Howard Dr. F. Arthur McMorris Rebecca Morales Ms. Sarah S. Holcomb Mr. Stefan McDonough Ms. Janet Sidewater Mr. and Mrs. Stanley R. Bell Mr. Chaun Fogarty HPM Building Supply Foundation Mr. Michael P. McSweeney Mr. and Mrs. Duncan Hosteria Guaytara Ms. Ellen McKinney Mr. and Mrs. Fred Siedenstrang Mr. Steven G. Black and Ms. Mr. and Mrs. Steve J. Fonken Mr. John Humphreys Meadowlark Farms Boeckman Mr. Val T. Howard Mr. Hitesh Mehta Simpson College Wendie A. Wulff Mr. Dallas D. Ford Dr. Grainger Hunt Mr. and Mrs. David Medina Mr. and Mrs. Harold C. Bond Idaho Northern and Pacific Melling Family Foundation Ms. Boester and Mr. Wood Mr. Ross D. Siragusa III Ms. Lori Ann Foringer Mr. John Hunter Mr. Bruce Medlin Mr. and Mrs. Dana Railroad Co. Mr. and Mrs. George Melling Mr. Gerhard Borbonus Songbird Ocarina Mr. and Mrs. John Francis Ms. Carol J. Huston Professor Katie Meiners Brabson, Jr. Idaho Power Company The Valerie Brackett and Mr. Peter Spiegelman Mr. Michael Borror Mr. and Mrs. Mike Melvill Nikolaos Monoyios Charitable Frank’s Restaurant Jasdev Imani Mrs. Linda Burch Idaho Records Management Ms. Dawn Bosh Merlin Systems, Inc. Fund of the Vanguard Mr. Robert W. Tafel, Jr. and Mr. David Frankson Mr. and Mrs. Jim Ince Mrs. and Mrs. Janet Buschert Mr. David Jenkins Mr. David J. Bottjer Charitable Endowment Mrs. Susan M. Tafel Ms. Bernadette M. Frieh Ms. Barbara Indra Michigan Hawking Club C&A Paving Co. Mr. Jacques Jenny Ms. Carol Boyer Program Ms. Nancy Tatum James and Alexa Jardine Mrs. Jacqueline Mikiten Canyon Land Development, LLC Mr. Bill Brannan Friends of Blackwater National Mrs. Imogene Powers Johnson Dr. and Mrs. Paul Montgomery Taylor Brothers Fire & Safety, Inc. Ms. Lisa M. Minshew Mr. and Ms. Jeff Broberg Wildlife Refuge, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Bryan Jennings Mr. and Mrs. Allen Chaikin Journal Broadcast Group, Inc. Mr. Josh Muss Dr. Richard Teague Mr. and Mrs. George P. Mitchell Ms. Cecilia Brown Mr. and Mrs. Frank Fuerst Ms. Valerie J. Jensen Clements Concrete Company JustGive.org National Geographic Channel Texas Hawking Association Ms. Janet Mollerup Mr. Ronald E. Brown Ms. Sylvia Gallegos Mrs. Jocelyn Jerry Corporate Technologies Dr. Leonard Keifer New Mexico BioPark Society- The OtherPeoplesPixels Fund Mr. Eric T. Monico Dr. Theresa L. Bucher Mr. Adolph Galonski Ms. Keith Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Tom Coulson Mr. Cliff Kellogg Albuquerque BioPark Mrs. Sally Tongren Dr. and Mrs. Robert Montgomery Mr. Andrew Bullen Mrs. Ann Gattorn Dr. Roy Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Mark Cowett Ms. Jennifer Kendler and Mr. Mr. Scott Olle Mr. and Mrs. Ryan G. Trevolt Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Mulshine Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Bunn Gerhard Borbonus Landscaping Ms. Valerie M. Jones Mr. Roger Crawford Brian Kirkbride Mr. Kevin P. O’Rourke Mr. Larry Vaughn and Ms. Ms. Joy Murray Mrs. Patricia Burnham Ms. Lori Gibson Banducci Mrs. Judith M. Joy Donald and Michelle Cronin Ms. Fran Kiesling and Ms. Ms. Beth Patridge Margot LeRoy Mr. and Mrs. Peter Mygatt Peter and Marie Butler Charitable Ms. Susan Giesecke Ms. Anita Kaczmar-Yee Ms. Ellen Crosby Sharon Lubinski Sheila and Ron Pera Mr. Charles Nethaway Mr. John Warriner Fund, a donor advised fund Mr. Ray Gilbertson and Ms. Kris Dr. and Mrs. John Keiser Ms. Ellen Edgar Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. King Peregrine Group Mrs. Russell L. Nicholson Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Mr. Peter Butler Spanjian Mr. Thomas R. Kelsey, Esq. Mr. Jim Edwards Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kirkman Mrs. Carolyn Pineau Wheatley III Ms. Trish Nixon and Mr. Fred Pugh Mr. Clifton Cain Ms. Shirley Gillespie Mr. Lowell Kent Mrs. Betsy Eldredge Ms. Karen S. Kleehammer Mr. and Mrs. Randy Rasmussen Mr. Christopher A. Nolte Mr. Craig Williams Mr. Edward Calvins Mr. James F. Gilpin Mr. and Mrs. Junior Kerns Ms. Dianne Eshbach Mr. and Mrs. David J. Knutson Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Ray Mr. Jim Nunley Mr. David L. Woodard Ms. Tracey Carmean Mr. Ken Gournic Kestrel Vintners Dr. David S. Eslicker Mr. Jeffrey Kolb Margaret W. Reed Foundation Mr. Robert Offord Mr. Kurt Young and Ms. Marcia Mr. and Mrs. George Cawthon Mr. Thomas J. Grahame Lloyd and Julie Kiff Mr. Leo E. Faddis Ms. Annie Kolb-Nelson Mr. Richard K. Reise VanderBroek Mr. and Mrs. William S. O’Keefe Ms. Vija Celmins Dr. Robert Graves Ms. Linda King Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Ondr Joseph and Blair Fitzsimons Mr. Greg Korelich Dr. Beverly Ridgely Mr. Vizcaya Zugaitz Mr. and Mrs. Blake Chapman Mr. and Mrs. Peter W. Gray Mr. Charles L. Klawitter conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 55 Mr. and Mrs. Jim O’Neil Ms. Joyce Smith $100-199 Mr. William Bolinger Mr. and Mrs. David Cochran Ms. Jo Ann Elson Mr. and Mrs. Peter Orthwein Ms. Lou Ann Smith Prof. Jonathan Adler Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bondurant Mr. Edward M. Coffman Mr. and Mrs. Keith Emmen In memory Ms. Karen Ostertag Mr. and Mrs. Phil Smith Aerie Nature Series, Inc. Mr. Albert W. Boss Ms. Nancy Cohen Mr. Ryan English Donations were received in memory Ms. Faith A. Ottavi Mr. David H. Snow Dr. Charles E. Alexander Ms. Judith Boyce Conrad and Sharon Colby Buddy Escobar Ms. Michele Ottersbach Ms. Sue Sontag Mr. David Allan Ms. Gwen Boyle A.T. and Cinda Cole Mr. Kenneth Esteves of the following individuals in 2012: Mrs. Mary B. Palmer Ms. Patricia C. Stein Mrs. Lorie Allen Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Brack Mr. Scott A.B. Collins Richard and Rebecca Evans Geoff Pampush and Cyd Cimmiyotti Mrs. Helen S. Stern Mr. Ralph Alley Ms. Margaret Brittingham Brant The Colorado College Foundation Gary Alten Stephen Kyker Mr. and Mrs. Doug Parks Dr. and Dr. Charles J. Stewart Ms. Susan And Mr. Gary Breece Ms. Christy Commons ExxonMobil Foundation-Matching Jane Anson Sidney Levine Prof. John E. Parks Stor-Mor Sheds Ms. Karen Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Christopher J. Brelje Mr. Gordon Cone Gift Programs Tg Belcheir Robert D. Mr. Eric D. Paschal Mr. and Mrs. Russell Strader Mr. Mike Anderson Mr. Robert Breyfogle Connecticut Falconer’s Association Mr. and Mrs. Norval C. Fairman Ms. Kimberly Fall Stephen Bollin MacIntyre Ms. Ethel M. Patterson Mr. Thomas Stricker Mr. Richard Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Harold R. Brizee Mr. Jim L. Cook Mr. Gregory Pavelka Mr. John Suggs Ms. Stephanie L. 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Ray Fred and Arlene Sheely Truist Foundation Mrs. Joan Hearst Linda Kirksey Ms. Marie Marnell Ms. Caroline Natwick Mr. Bayard D. Rea Mr. George Sherman Mr. John A. Trunnell Mr. Chris Yadon Mr. Todd R. Heidenreich Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Lee Kirksey Ms. Marker B. Marshall Mr. Hernan Navarro, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Reed Mrs. Joan Bopp Shor Mr. Eliot P. Tucker Ms. Susan Yanchuck Ms. Gloria Hengen Mr. Mark Kittelson Mr. Paul L. Marsolini Mrs. Shirley C. Needham Ms. Pamela Register Tamra and Michael Shotts The Tuesday Birders Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Yates Ms. Corinne Hewett Ms. Kris Knoernschild and Mr. Ms. Lizabeth Martin Ms. Pam Negri Ms. Ann E. Reitz Mr. Mark Shuford Tumbleweed Veterinary Services Mr. Leonard Young Mr. and Mrs. David H. Hibner Mark Murzin Mr. Paul Martin Mr. John Neill Ms. Nina S. Rensenhouse Mr. David Sinton and Ms. Missy Mr. and Mrs. Paul Turner Mrs. Mary L. Young Mr. Joshua Hickman Mr. and Mrs. Heinz F. Koch Mr. Ricky J. Martin Mr. and Mrs. James C. Nelson Dr. Jonathan Reuter Siders Mr. William C. Tuthill Ms. Stephanie Youngerman and Mr. Robert F. Hight Ms. Marianne Konvalinka Ms. Suzanne Mason Mr. and Mrs. Kevin Nelson Mr. Tim Reynolds and Ms. Patty Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Sipple Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Unfried Mr. Robert Jahn David and Mary Jane Hill Ms. J. Diane Kook Mr. Mike Matejcek Dr. R. Wayne Nelson Isaeff Mr. Daniel Skibitcky Mr. Ron Updegrave Dr. and Dr. Jim Zachow Mr. William Hills Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Kudera Mr. Nathan Mathews Dr. Arthur Neuburger Ms. Julia Rice and Mr. Peter Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Sloan Mr. and Mrs. David Valentino Ms. Cathleen Zick and Mr. Ken Mr. Charlynn Hinson Takashi and Reiko Kurosawa Dr. and Mrs. Allen W. Mathies New Mexico State University Stempe Mr. and Mrs. J. Allen Smith Ms. Maris M. Van Alen Smith Mr. Geoff Hirschi Mr. and Mrs. Thaddeus F. Kusiak Mr. Manfred Maugasc Mr. Leonard L. Nicholson John and Nancy Riesbeck Ms. Rita L. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Scott Van De Graaff Mr. Andrew Zobava Mr. Kenneth Hittel Mr. Victor Kwasnikow Mr. Sam May and Ms. Kathy Mr. Scott Nurmi Ms. Pamela Riley Mr. Sean Smith Mr. and Mrs. Fred Van Sickle Mr. Lawrence E. Zuk Mr. and Mrs. Stan Hobson Mr. and Mrs. David M. Labiner Dodson Mr. Richard Nuss Karen L. Ripley Mr. and Mrs. Stan Smith Mr. William Vandervalk conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde Please let us know if you find your name misspelled or misplaced. Our goal is 100% accuracy, and sometimes we need your help to achieve it. 57 statement of activities

FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30

UNRESTRICTED OPERATIONS NON-OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Revenues 2012 2011 Capital contributions utilized (note 1) $3,173,845 $3,778,693 contributions utilized to purchase fixed assets $ 203,901 $ 38,652 government grants 1,012,554 972,492 depreciation on Fixed assets (318,551) (320,307) in-kind revenues 454,638 385,639 gain on asset disposition 5,311 (33) admissions and sales 200,731 210,837 endowment funds utilized 513,204 465,400 Endowment Special event — 175,064 Bequests and endowments 36,373 215,191 other 106,673 23,151 investment income (loss) 1,862,196 509,052 Total unrestricted revenues, gains, and other support $5,461,645 $6,011,276 endowment funds utilized (513,204) (465,400)

Expenses Pledges and contributions designated for future years Program eXPenSeS Pledges and contributions 1,034,496 344,153 Species restoration $2,008,812 $2,144,685 Prior year's revenue used in current year (811,857) (683,506) conservation programs 1,685,790 1,670,386 education / information 1,154,060 1,177,342 TOTAL NON-OPERATING ACTIVITIES $1,498,665 $(362,198) Total program expenses $4,848,662 $4,992,413

SUPPort SerViceS eXPenSeS increase (decrease) in net assets 1,149,259 (321,975) administration $ 506,356 $ 466,190 net assets at beginning of year 19,135,147 19,457,122 Fundraising 347,888 390,164 membership 108,145 122,286 net assets at end of year $20,284,406 $19,135,147 Total support services expenses $ 962,389 $ 978,640 Note 1—Contributions utilized in 2012 includes current year contributions of $2,361,988 and prior years' contributions released from restrictions of $811,857. Total expenses-operations $5,811,051 $5,971,053

The financial results depicted are derived from The Peregrine Fund’s audited September 30, 2012 finan- OPERATING REVENUES OVER OPERATING EXPENSES (349,406) 40,223 cial statements, which contain an unqualified opinion. The complete audited financial statements can be obtained by contacting The Peregrine Fund, Administrator, 5668 W. Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709.

58 the peregrIne fund Legacy Circle at The Archives of Falconry was dedicated in 2012. statement of financial position AT SEPTEMBER 30 A legacy set in stone… members of the Peregrine Fund’s legacy circle commit to making a Assets 2012 2011 contribution by bequest or other planned gift from their estate. the cash and cash equivalents $ 871,098 $ 1,322,262 gift may be directed to conservation, the education Program, or the archives of Falconry. members receive: grants receivable 263,394 258,730 Pledges and other receivables 826,125 456,188 • a beautiful engraved paperweight inventory, prepaids, and other assets 94,521 125,399 • an invitation to join an annual call with leaders of the organization Property and equipment (net of depreciation) 4,695,614 4,825,453 • public recognition, if they choose, at our headquarters, in our an- nual report, website, and other publications archives collection 2,327,603 2,307,103 • invitations to special events endowment assets 11,375,393 9,964,306 To join the Legacy Circle or learn more, contact us at TOTAL ASSETS $20,453,748 $19,259,441 [email protected] or 208-362-3716.

Liabilities and Net Assets 2012 Legacy Circle Members include: liaBilitieS robert & Julie bagley william cornatzer bill mallon Jr. accounts payable 128,486 64,117 paul & lynn beecroft Jim & nancy cranmer stan marcus accrued taxes and expenses 40,856 50,610 bill and barbara belknap peter b. devers bill & Joan mattox deferred revenue - 9,567 bob berry frank c. & linda s. ely heinz k. & elizabeth a. TOTAL LIABILITIES $ 169,342 $ 124,294 frank m. bond Jim & betty enderson meng sterling bunnell eyas foundation brian & ruth mutch net aSSetS pat & kurt burnham david frank natalie nicholson Unrestricted 18,617,030 17,732,890 tom & renetta cade tom c. & dottie gossard north american temporarily restricted 1,667,376 1,402,257 california hawking club don heidt falconers association s. kent carnie susan bowman ken & rebecca riddle TOTAL NET ASSETS $ 20,284,406 $19,135,147 keith p. carpenter tony huston John & vicki swift ronald g. clarke tony James Jim weaver TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS $ 20,453,748 $19,259,441 robert J. collins clifford & Janna kellogg gary d. weddle conservIng bIrds of prey worldwIde 59 Forest protector named Staff Disney Conservation Hero United States International David Anderson Sherri Haley Travis Rosenberry Neotropics Jules Mampiandra David Ngala, who has Arlis Barnes Thomas Hayes Cal Sandfort Hilario “Nogini” Jorge Blanco Moïse provided invaluable support Linda Behrman Bill Heinrich Amy Siedenstrang Pastor “Chivero” de Leon Monesse Gabe Border Grainger Hunt Heather Springsteed Julio Gañan Charles Rabearivelo to The Peregrine Fund’s proj- Erin Brannon Marti Jenkins Paul Spurling Jonathan Urbina Berthine Rafarasoa ects in Africa, was named a Joell Brown J. Peter Jenny Connie Stanger Hernan Vargas Jeannette Rajesy 2012 Conservation Hero by Pat Burnham Paul Juergens Cindy Thiel Pan Africa Marius P. H. Rakotondratsima Taiana Carvalho Meagan Kaiser Russell Thorstrom Darcy Ogada Michel Rakotoson the Disney Worldwide Con- Jessica Cate Kristy Marks Rick Watson Munir Virani Bruno Randrianarimanana servation Fund. Ngala is David Cline Amel Mustic Eric Weis Madagascar Donatien Randrianjafiniasa among six honorees from six Marta Curti Brian Mutch David Wells Tolojanahary R. A. Andriamalala Gaston Raoelison Donna Daniels Julia Nadal Susan Whaley Adrien Batou Ernest Razafimandimby countries and three conti- Sam Davila Trish Nixon Aaron Wuori Be Berthin Gilbert Razafimanjato nents. Edward Feltes Geoff Pampush Noel Augustin Bonhomme Joseph Razafindrasolo Munir Virani, director of Genevieve Gerke Chris Parish Archivist, John Swift Eloi Fanameha Jacquot M. Razanakoto Lova munir virani The Peregrine Fund’s proj- Matt Giovanni Bruce Parks Archivist Emeritus, Jean Louis Andry Hiankinantsoa Lily-Arison Rene de Roland Brian Gloshen Shaun Putz S. Kent Carnie Jaomizara T. Seing Sam ects in Africa, nominated Eugene Ladoany Gilbert Tohaky Ngala for the award. Kalavah R. Loukman Soalihy Tongamoelinakily “The uniqueness of David’s work stems from his love and passion for birds as ambassadors to convey the forest con- Volunteers servation message and achieve habitat protection and awareness,” Virani said. “He has inspired hundreds of forest researchers, thou- Velma Morrison Interpretive Center Deb Anderson Scott Dowdle Claudia Laushman Dick Thatcher The Archives of Library/GRIN Falconry sands of foreign visitors and hundreds of thousands of local vil- Emily Anderson Kimberly Dunn Connie Leavitt Toree Tuck Julie Kiff Paul Beecroft lagers.” Michelle Axtell Jordann Engelbrecht Steve Lewis Vivian Upton Chris Restall Phil Bucher Bill Belknap Maryon Evans Eileen Loerch Paula Vawser Jesse Timberlake Ngala works in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, home to the endan- S. Kent Carnie Kathy Belknap Leo Faddis Pam Lowe Mckenzie Walker Dr. Javier Ceballos California Condor gered Sokoke Scops Owl and other rare animals that depend on the Anne Blair Kit Fawcett Jack Lupien Siri Walther Steve Chindgren Dorothy Tinkler, Ph.D. remaining forest on Kenya’s east coast. Ngala tracks and stops Maud Bolstad Claudia Fernsworth Jane Matthews Judy Weidner Bob Collins Tom Bradley Barbara Fordham Milt Melzian Rebekah Whitney Asian Vulture poachers from illegally taking wildlife and timber. He has located Peter Devers Jill Bragdon Beverly Fransen Dave Oliver Allan Wylie Crisis Project more than 1,400 animal traps and helped arrest poachers by docu- Amy Fisher Christa Braun Joni Frey Bruce Parks Mark Alten Patrick Benson Don Garlock menting nearly 900 paths they use. Garrett Browning Mike Garets Sheryl Parks Anna Ives Jim Hansen East Africa Project Ray Brucks Barbara Girard Monica Pittman Chris Porterfield When Ngala began to report signs of destructive activity in the Bill Mattox Shiv Kapila Amanda Brum- Stephen Gradhandt Sarah Poppino Ashley Neubrand forest, he faced intense criticism but attempts to have him removed Ashley Neubrand Hetal Patel baugh Val Grimes Fred Pugh Rachel Wong Natalie Nicholson from his post were unsuccessful and he continued to protect the Nickee Brumbaugh Pennie Guy Mark Purdy Jordan Mason Kathleen Orlenko forest he says he loves “as my parents.” Eventually, Ngala won over Gina Bush Lindsey Hamilton Betty Purdy Kimberlee Brant Pat Pennington Kate Bush Kathryn Hampton Bill Rath Lynn Nelson local leaders and enlisted their help to successfully stop clear-cut- Lori Smith Sharon Colby Lisa Hatch Marcia Ross Bill Judy John Swift ting proposals. Deanna Combs Bonnie Helzer Denise Rotell Nick Juza Vicki Swift Ngala has helped plant thousands of seedlings in the forest, a Christy Commons Kathryn Hobson Dean Sangrey Deb Arnswald H. W. "Dick" ten Bosch Lisa Craig Pat Hovland Michael Shaw Kaden Stanger process that influenced local residents about the importance of tree James Thomas Ron Crayton Dale Howard Chan Springer planting. He also has formed local conservation groups and helped Nick Vanhole Helen Crewse Bart Kline Diann Stone people develop innovative alternative sources of income to reduce pressure on forest resources. 60 Thank you for your partnership. the peregrIne fund

THE PEREGRINE FUND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Carl A. Navarre Robert B. Berry Robert Wood Johnson IV Chairman of the Board trustee, wolf creek chairman and ceo, Book Publisher and ceo, charitable Foundation, the Johnson company, inc. myPublisher, inc. rancher,Falcon Breeder, and new York Jets llc and conservationist J. Peter Jenny Jacobo Lacs President Harry L. Bettis international Businessman rancher and conservationist Richard T. Watson, Ph.D. Frank M. Bond Ambrose K. Monell Vice-President attorney at law and rancher Private investor

Patricia B. Manigault Virginia H. Carter Velma V. Morrison Treasurer natural history artist chairman conservationist and rancher environmental educator harry w. morrison Foundation World Center Robert S. Comstock Ruth O. Mutch for Birds of Prey Samuel Gary, Jr. President and ceo investor Secretary 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane robert comstock company Boise, Idaho 83709 President, Samuel gary, Jr. Calen B. Offield & associates, inc. William E. Cornatzer director, offield Family Foundation United States of America dermatologist, Falconer, and Photographer Tom J. Cade, Ph.D. and conservationist Business Office Founding Chairman Lucia Liu Severinghaus, Ph.D. Biodiversity research center (208) 362-3716 Professor emeritus of ornithology, Derek J. Craighead ecologist academia Sinica cornell University taiwan Velma Morrison Scott A. Crozier Interpretive Center Lee M. Bass attorney at law Steven P. Thompson, LLC (208) 362-8687 Chairman of the Board, Emeritus and chairman, regional director for california President, lee m. Bass, inc. Picket Fences, inc. and region (ret.) U. S. Fish and wildlife Service Fax Ian Newton, D.Phil., D.Sc., FRS. James H. Enderson, Ph.D. (208) 362-2376 Chairman of the Board, Emeritus Professor emeritus of Biology R. Beauregard Turner Senior ornithologist (ret.) the colorado college Fish and wildlife manager E-mail Address natural environment research council director of natural resources Caroline A. Forgason turner enterprises, inc. [email protected] United kingdom Partner groves-alexander group llc James D. Weaver Website Paxson H. Offield President, grasslans Chairman of the Board, Emeritus www.peregrinefund.org Karen J. Hixon charitable Foundation President, offield Family Foundation conservationist and rancher