DOCSLIB.ORG

Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes About Island Press Island Press is the only nonprofit organization in the United States whose principal purpose is the publication of books on environmental issues and natural resource man- agement. We provide solutions-oriented information to professionals, public officials, business and community leaders, and concerned citizens who are shaping responses to environmental problems. In 2004, Island Press celebrates its twentieth anniversary as the leading provider of timely and practical books that take a multidisciplinary approach to critical environ- mental concerns. Our growing list of titles reflects our commitment to bringing the best of an expanding body of literature to the environmental community throughout North America and the world. Support for Island Press is provided by the Agua Fund, Brainerd Foundation, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Educational Foundation of America, The Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Henry Luce Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, The Cur- tis and Edith Munson Foundation, National Environmental Trust, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The New-Land Foundation, Oak Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Rockefeller Foundation, The Winslow Foundation, and other generous donors. The opinions expressed in this book are those of the author(s) and do not neces- sarily reflect the views of these foundations. Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes EDITED BY Götz Schroth, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Celia A. Harvey, Claude Gascon, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and Anne-Marie N. Izac Washington • Covelo • London Copyright © 2004 Island Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009. ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (CIP Data to come) British Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available. Book design by Brighid Willson Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 87654321 Contents Preface xi Introduction: The Role of Agroforestry in Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes 1 Götz Schroth, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Celia A. Harvey, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Claude Gascon, and Anne-Marie N. Izac Part I: Conservation Biology and Landscape Ecology in the Tropics: A Framework for Agroforestry Applications 13 Chapter 1: Biodiversity Conservation in Deforested and Fragmented Tropical Landscapes: An Overview 15 Claude Gascon, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Wes Sechrest, Kaycie A. Billmark, and James Sanderson Chapter 2: Ecological Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in the Tropics 33 William F. Laurance and Heraldo L. Vasconcelos Chapter 3: Landscape Connectivity and Biological Corridors 50 Susan G. W. Laurance Part II: The Ecological Economics of Agroforestry: Environmental Benefits and Effects on Deforestation 65 Chapter 4: The Economic Valuation of Agroforestry’s Environmental Services 67 David Pearce and Susana Mourato vii viii Contents Chapter 5: Is Agroforestry Likely to Reduce Deforestation? 87 Arild Angelsen and David Kaimowitz Chapter 6: Chocolate Forests and Monocultures: A Historical Review of Cocoa Growing and Its Conflicting Role in Tropical Deforestation and Forest Conservation 107 François Ruf and Götz Schroth Chapter 7: Achieving Biodiversity Conservation Using Conservation Concessions to Complement Agroforestry 135 Eduard Niesten, Shelley Ratay, and Richard Rice Part III: The Biodiversity of Agroforestry Systems: Habitat, Biological Corridor, and Buffer for Protected Areas 151 Chapter 8: The Biodiversity and Conservation Potential of Shifting Cultivation Landscapes 153 Bryan Finegan and Robert Nasi Chapter 9: Biodiversity Conservation in Neotropical Coffee (Coffea arabica) Plantations 198 Eduardo Somarriba, Celia A. Harvey, Mario Samper, François Anthony, Jorge González, Charles Staver, and Robert A. Rice Chapter 10: Complex Agroforests: Their Structure, Diversity, and Potential Role in Landscape Conservation 227 Götz Schroth, Celia A. Harvey, and Grégoire Vincent Chapter 11: Live Fences, Isolated Trees, and Windbreaks: Tools for Conserving Biodiversity in Fragmented Tropical Landscapes 261 Celia A. Harvey, Nigel I. J. Tucker, and Alejandro Estrada Chapter 12: Agroforestry Systems: Important Components in Conserving the Genetic Viability of Native Tropical Tree Species? 290 David H. Boshier Contents ix Part IV: Biodiversity as Burden and Natural Capital: Interactions between Agroforestry Areas, Natural Ecosystems, and Rural Communities in Tropical Land Use Mosaics 315 Chapter 13: Wildlife Conservation in Agroforestry Buffer Zones: Opportunities and Conflict 319 Lisa Naughton-Treves and Nick Salafsky Chapter 14: Hunting in Agroforestry Systems and Landscapes: Conservation Implications in West-Central Africa and Southeast Asia 346 David S. Wilkie and Robert J. Lee Chapter 15: Invasive Agroforestry Trees: Problems and Solutions 371 David M. Richardson, Pierre Binggeli, and Götz Schroth Chapter 16: Diseases in Tropical Agroforestry Landscapes: The Role of Biodiversity 397 Ulrike Krauss Part V: Matrix Management in Practice: Agroforestry Tools in Landscape Conservation 413 Chapter 17: Agroforestry Buffer Zones and Stepping Stones: Tools for the Conservation of Fragmented Landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 415 Laury Cullen Jr., Jefferson Ferreira Lima, and Tiago Pavan Beltrame Chapter 18: Agroforestry and Biodiversity: Improving Conservation Outcomes in Tropical Northeastern Australia 431 Nigel I. J. Tucker, Grant Wardell-Johnson, Carla P. Catterall, and John Kanowski Chapter 19: Silvopastoral Systems: Ecological and Socioeconomic Benefits and Migratory Bird Conservation 453 Robert A. Rice and Russell Greenberg Chapter 20: Agroforestry and Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies 473 Lee Hannah x Contents Conclusion: Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes 487 Götz Schroth, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Celia A. Harvey, Claude Gascon, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Anne-Marie N. Izac, Arild Angelsen, Bryan Finegan, David Kaimowitz, Ulrike Krauss, Susan G. W. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Robert Nasi, Lisa Naughton-Treves, Eduard Niesten, David M. Richardson, Eduardo Somarriba, Nigel I. J. Tucker, Grégoire Vincent, and David S. Wilkie About the Contributors 503 Index 511 Preface Agroforestry is increasingly recognized as a useful and promising approach to natural resource management that combines goals of sustainable agricultural development for resource-poor tropical farmers with greater environmental benefits than less diversified agricultural systems, pastures, or monoculture plantations. Among these expected benefits is the conservation of a greater part of the native biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes that retain substantial and diversified tree cover. Although the protection of natural habi- tat remains the backbone of biodiversity conservation strategies, promoting agroforestry on agricultural and other deforested land could play an important supporting role, especially in mosaic landscapes where natural habitat has been highly fragmented and forms extensive boundaries with agricultural areas. A substantial amount of information on the effects of different agro- forestry practices on biodiversity conservation has accumulated in recent years. However, land managers, researchers, and proponents of tropical land use and natural resource management lack a readily usable and comprehensive source of information to guide their efforts toward the creation of more biodiversity-friendly tropical landscapes. This book attempts to fill this gap by exploring the roles of agroforestry practices in conserving biodiversity in human-dominated tropical landscapes and synthesizing the current state of knowledge. It has been edited by a team of conservation biologists and tropi- cal land use specialists and includes contributions from a variety of disciplines (e.g., resource economics, rural sociology, agroforestry, wildlife biology, and conservation genetics), reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of its subject. Contributions are based on many decades of field experience in the tropics of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia of 46 authors from 13 countries. This book was made possible through the technical input and support from the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation Interna- tional, Washington, DC, and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project at the National Institute for Research in the Ama- zon, Manaus, Brazil. Numerous people have contributed to this book at all xi xii Preface stages of its development. We would particularly like to thank a number of colleagues for their thoughtful and constructive reviews, which have greatly improved the quality of the individual chapters: Andrew Bennett, Elizabeth Bennett, Emilio Bruna, Chris Dick, Gareth Edwards-Jones, Paulo Ferraro, Bryan Finegan, Hubert de Foresta, Karen Garrett, Luadir Gasparotto, Andy Gillison,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Scutellonema Species from Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) and a Key to the Species of the Genus ∗ Yao A
    Nematology 00 (2017) 1-37 brill.com/nemy Morphological and molecular characterisation of Scutellonema species from yam (Dioscorea spp.) and a key to the species of the genus ∗ Yao A. K OLOMBIA 1,2, , Gerrit KARSSEN 1,3,NicoleVIAENE 1,4,P.LavaKUMAR 2,LisaJOOS 1, ∗ Danny L. COYNE 5 and Wim BERT 1, 1 Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria 3 National Plant Protection Organization, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 5 IITA, Kasarani, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Received: 22 February 2017; revised: 30 May 2017 Accepted for publication: 1 June 2017; available online: ??? Summary – The yam nematode, Scutellonema bradys, is a major threat to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production across yam-growing regions. In West Africa, this species cohabits with many morphologically similar congeners and, consequently, its accurate diagnosis is essential for control and for monitoring its movement. In the present study, 46 Scutellonema populations collected from yam rhizosphere and yam tubers in different agro-ecological zones in Ghana and Nigeria were characterised by their morphological features and by sequencing of the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial COI genes. Molecular phylogeny, molecular species delimitation and morphology revealed S. bradys, S. cavenessi, S. clathricaudatum and three undescribed species from yam rhizosphere. Only S. bradys was identified from yam tuber tissue, however. For barcoding and identifying Scutellonema spp., the most suitable marker used was the COI gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterodichogamy.Pdf
    Research Update TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution Vol.16 No.11 November 2001 595 How common is heterodichogamy? Susanne S. Renner The sexual systems of plants usually Heterodichogamy differs from normal (Zingiberales). These figures probably depend on the exact spatial distribution of dichogamy, the temporal separation of underestimate the frequency of the gamete-producing structures. Less well male and female function in flowers, in heterodichogamy. First, the phenomenon known is how the exact timing of male and that it involves two genetic morphs that is discovered only if flower behavior is female function might influence plant occur at a 1:1 ratio. The phenomenon was studied in several individuals and in mating. New papers by Li et al. on a group discovered in walnuts and hazelnuts5,6 natural populations. Differential of tropical gingers describe differential (the latter ending a series of Letters to movements and maturation of petals, maturing of male and female structures, the Editor about hazel flowering that styles, stigmas and stamens become such that half the individuals of a began in Nature in 1870), but has gone invisible in dried herbarium material, population are in the female stage when almost unnoticed7. Indeed, its recent and planted populations deriving from the other half is in the male stage. This discovery in Alpinia was greeted as a vegetatively propagated material no new case of heterodichogamy is unique new mechanism, differing ‘from other longer reflect natural morph ratios. The in involving reciprocal movement of the passive outbreeding devices, such as discovery of heterodichogamy thus styles in the two temporal morphs. dichogamy…and heterostyly in that it depends on field observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Phylogeny, Characterization and Diagnostics of Root-Knot and Lesion Nematodes
    Diversity, phylogeny, characterization and diagnostics of root-knot and lesion nematodes Toon Janssen Promotors: Prof. Dr. Wim Bert Prof. Dr. Gerrit Karssen Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of doctor in Sciences, Biology Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het bekomen van de graad van doctor in de Wetenschappen, Biologie 1 Table of contents Acknowledgements Chapter 1: general introduction 1 Organisms under study: plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................... 11 1.1 Pratylenchus: root-lesion nematodes ..................................................................................... 13 1.2 Meloidogyne: root-knot nematodes ....................................................................................... 15 2 Economic importance ..................................................................................................... 17 3 Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes .................................................................. 19 4 Variability in reproduction strategies and genome evolution ..................................... 22 5 Aims .................................................................................................................................. 24 6 Outline of this study ........................................................................................................ 25 Chapter 2: Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution. 1 Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae
    PHYLOGENY Andre'S. Chanderbali,2'3Henk van der AND HISTORICAL Werff,3 and Susanne S. Renner3 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LAURACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currentlyrecognized genera are inferredfrom sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF,trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpll6 regions of cpDNA, and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal lade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstructthe biogeographic historyof the family.Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyeanmigration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilauruls lade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora docu- mented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae lade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group
    [Show full text]
  • Check List the Journal Of
    12 2 1859 the journal of biodiversity data 21 March 2016 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 12(2): 1859, 21 March 2016 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1859 ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors Checklist of the vascular flora of Reserva Biológica San Luis, Costa Rica José Esteban Jiménez1*, Pedro Juárez2 and Armando Díaz2 1 Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. 11501−2060, San José, Costa Rica 2 Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Reserva Biológica San Luis is a small vegetation. Located on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera protected area located on the Pacific side of the de Tilarán, the Reserva Biologica San Luis (RBSL) is a Cordillera de Tilarán, northwestern Costa Rica, with a small protected area that preserves a seasonal and forest transitioning between the basal and premontane transitional vegetation between the lowland tropical floras according to Holdridge’s Life Zones. An inventory wet forest and premontane wet forest (Holdridge 1967). of the vascular flora of the reserve was performed by This vegetation type is usually located between 500–800 collecting botanical samples during three years and m on the Pacific slope of Costa Rican mountain ranges, consulting the databases of the CR, INB, MO and USJ especially in the seasonal Central Pacific region, the herbaria. We report 130 families, 477 genera and 716 North Pacific region and in the Central Valley. species of native vascular plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Morphology and Bio-Ecology of Nematode Fauna of Rewa
    STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND BIO-ECOLOGY OF NEMATODE FAUNA OF REWA A TMESIS I SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHlLOSOPHy IN ZOOLOGY A. P. S. UNIVERSITY. REWA (M. P.) INDIA 1995 MY MANOJ KUMAR SINGH ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH LAB GOVT. AUTONOMOUS MODEL SCIENCE COLLEGE REWA (M. P.) INDIA La u 4 # s^ ' T5642 - 7 OCT 2002 ^ Dr. C. B. Singh Department of Zoology M Sc, PhD Govt Model Science Coll Professor & Head Rewa(M P ) - 486 001 Ref Date 3^ '^-f^- ^'^ir CERTIFICATE Shri Manoj Kumar Singh, Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Govt. Model Science College, Rewa has duly completed this thesis entitled "STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND BIO-ECOLOGY OF NEMATODE FAUNA OF REWA" under my supervision and guidance He was registered for the degree of Philosophy in Zoology on Jan 11, 1993. Certified that - 1. The thesis embodies the work of the candidate himself 2. The candidate worked under my guidance for the period specified b\ A. P. S. University, Rewa. 3. The work is upto the standard, both from, itscontentsas well as literary presentation point of view. I feel pleasure in commendingthis work to university for the awaid of the degree. (Dr. Co. Singh) or^ra Guide Professor & Head of Zoology department Govt. Model Science College (Autonomous) Rewa (M.P.) DECLARATION The work embodied in this thesis is original and was conducted druing the peirod for Jan. 1993 to July 1995 at the Zoological Research Lab, Govt. Model Science College Rewa, (M.P.) to fulfil the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology from A.P.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Morphology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA
    Zootaxa 3452: 1–46 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14DEF8CA-ABBA-456D-89FD-68064ABB636A Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA YONGSAN ZENG1, 5, WEIMIN YE2*, LANE TREDWAY1, SAMUEL MARTIN3 & MATT MARTIN4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Pathology and Physiology, School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Road, Florence, SC 29506, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, 3800 Castle Hayne Road, Castle Hayne, NC 28429-6519, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China *Corresponding author Abstract Twenty-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered from 282 soil samples collected from turfgrasses in 19 counties in North Carolina (NC) and 20 counties in South Carolina (SC) during 2011 and from previous collections. These nematodes belong to 22 genera in 15 families, including Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Filenchus cylindricus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Scutellonema brachyurum, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Mesocriconema xenoplax, M. curvatum, M. sphaerocephala, Ogma floridense, Paratrichodorus minor, P. allius, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne graminis, M. naasi, Heterodera sp., Cactodera sp., Hemicycliophora conida, Loofia thienemanni, Hemicaloosia graminis, Hemicriconemoides wessoni, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Scutellonema Bradys As a Pathogen of Yam in Benin
    University of Pretoria etd – Baimey, H K (2006) Scutellonema bradys as a pathogen of yam in Benin By Hugues Kossi Baimey Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science (Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology) University of Pretoria Pretoria December 2005 Promotor : Prof. N. Labuschagne Co-Promotors : Dr. D. Coyne Prof. A. H. Mc Donald University of Pretoria etd – Baimey, H K (2006) DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that it has not previously, in its entirety or part, submitted for a degree to any other university. ……………………………………………….. Hugues Kossi Baimey ii University of Pretoria etd – Baimey, H K (2006) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my promotors Prof. Nico Labuschagne, Dr. Danny Coyne, Prof. Alex Mc Donald and Dr. Robert Asiedu for their valuable scientific advice, support and encouragement throughout my research and the production of the current thesis. Thanks and appreciation are also extended to the following people and institutions: - Prof. Dirk De Waele and Dr. Driekie Fourie for their valuable contribution and advice on the research proposal. - The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) for providing funding and for housing me for the current study and the University of Pretoria where the academic studies were undertaken. - Dr. Tamo Manuele, Mrs. Bisy Soboyejo, Dr. Braima James, Dr. Peter Neuenschwander,. Dr Chris Okafor and Mr. Emmanuel Oyewole for their assistance in administrative affairs. - Dr. Appolinaire Adandandon for scientific advice and moral support whenever the going got tough.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribución De Las Especies Forestales Del Perú Introducción
    PRESENTACION La aplicación de los planes de manejo forestal en los bosques naturales de la Amazonía Peruana, constituye el emprendimiento técnico que se realiza en el intento de aprovechar sosteniblemente los recursos forestales y de fauna silvestre, en un escenario que por sus características naturales es difícil, por la complejidad florística que contiene. Una característica de los bosques tropicales es su complejidad y heterogeneidad en cuanto a su composición florística, se estima que en la amazonia peruana existen alrededor de 2,500 especies forestales, de las cuales, en diverso grado, han sido estudiadas con fines industriales unas 250 especies aproximadamente. En la actualidad, el comercio nacional de maderas, se limita a 120 especies maderables, de las cuales sólo 20 han sido debidamente estudiadas e identificadas, por lo que un elevado porcentaje son considerados como maderas corrientes. Para confirmar lo señalado anteriormente, nuestros resultados de supervisión y fiscalización de títulos habilitantes otorgados por el Estado, vienen advirtiendo de manera recurrente, la comercialización de volúmenes maderable que ingresan al mercado como maderas corrientes, tal como ocurre en la jurisdicción de Selva Central, donde las especies no identificadas, comercialmente son denominadas “roble”. En los últimos años, la comunidad científica dedicado a la investigación de la flora silvestre, ha generado diversas publicaciones con avances relativos a la clasificación taxonómica y nomenclatura botánica de varias especies forestales, circunstancia
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS SESSION ONE – PLENARY SESSION ............................................................................................... 1 CHAIRS: MICHAEL HODDA & DAVID CHITWOOD Is Nematology a Jigsaw, a Tapestry or a Strange Attractor? 1 Hodda, M. Metagenomics, Big Science, and the Reformation of Nematology 2 Powers, T. A Practical Future for Nematology in the Real World 2 Nicol, J. & R. Sikora SESSION TWO – ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN SUSTAINABLE SOIL CONSERVATION ............................................................................................ 3 CONVENORS: GREGOR YEATES & NIGEL BELL Nematode Assemblages and Soil Properties Are Closely Linked 3 Sánchez-Moreno, S. & H. Ferris Nematode Diversity and Function in Dutch Sand Dunes 4 Brinkman, E.P., H. Duyts & W.H. Van der Putten Nematode Diversity under Commercial Banana Production 5 Pattison, A., J. Cobon, M. Araya, L. Pocasangre, F. Rosales & R. Sikora How Different or Similar are Nematode Communities in Paddy and Upland Rice Fields 6 Okada, H., W. Abe, M. Komatsuzaki & M. Hiroki A Perspective on Diversity within Nematode Feeding Groups across Ecosystems 7 Yeates, G.W. SESSION THREE – MUTUALISTIC/PHORETIC ASSOCIATIONS AND INVERTEBRATE PARASITIC NEMATODES ............................................................................................................... 8 CONVENORS: ROBIN GIBLIN-DAVIS & KERRIE DAVIES Entomophilic Nematodes for Predictions of Worldwide Nematode Species Diversity 8 Giblin-Davis, R.M., N. Kanzaki & K.A. Davies Host Specificity,
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest Management for Tropical Crops: Soyabeans
    CAB Reviews 2018 13, No. 055 Integrated pest management for tropical crops: soyabeans E.A. Heinrichs1* and Rangaswamy Muniappan2 Address: 1 IPM Innovation Lab, 6517 S. 19th St., Lincoln, NE, USA. 2 IPM Innovation Lab, CIRED, Virginia Tech, 526 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, USA. *Correspondence: E.A. Heinrichs. Email: [email protected] Received: 29 January 2018 Accepted: 16 October 2018 doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201813055 The electronic version of this article is the definitive one. It is located here: http://www.cabi.org/cabreviews © CAB International 2018 (Online ISSN 1749-8848) Abstract Soyabean, because of its importance in food security and wide diversity of uses in industrial applications, is one of the world’s most important crops. There are a number of abiotic and biotic constraints that that threaten soyabean production. Soyabean pests are major biotic constraints limiting soyabean production and quality. Crop losses to animal pests, diseases and weeds in soyabeans average 26–29% globally. This review discusses biology, global distribution and plant damage and yield losses in soyabean caused by insect pests, plant diseases, nematodes and weeds. The interactions among insects, weeds and diseases are detailed. A soyabean integrated pest management (IPM) package of practices, covering the crop from pre-sowing to harvest, is outlined. The effect of climate changes on arthropod pests, plant diseases and weeds are discussed. The history and evolution of the highly successful soyabean IPM programme in Brazil and the factors that led to its demise are explained. Keywords: Biological control, Biotic constraints, Chemical control, Climate change, Cultural control, Insect pests, Mechanical practices, Nematodes, Pesticides, Package of practices, Plant diseases, Plant pest interactions, Soybean IPM programme, Weeds Review Methodology: Search terms used were: scientific and common names of all of the insects, plant diseases, nematodes and weeds listed in the tables.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Efficiency of Scutellonema Bradys in Yam Companion Crops in Nigeria
    International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 15(6): 1-10, 2017; Article no.IJPSS.33086 ISSN: 2320-7035 Host Efficiency of Scutellonema bradys in Yam Companion Crops in Nigeria O. A. Kayode 1 and A. O. Claudius-Cole 1* 1Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author AOCC designed the study experiments and wrote the protocol, author OAK conducted the research, managed the analyses of the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2017/33086 Editor(s): (1) Surendra Singh Bargali, Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Reviewers: (1) Bing-Lan Liu, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan. (2) Atti Tchabi, University of Lomé, Togo. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/18967 Received 29 th March 2017 Accepted 24 th April 2017 Original Research Article th Published 8 May 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: Fourteen plants associated with the cultivation of yam in Nigeria were assessed for host suitability to S. bradys. Methodology: Cowpea, cassava, eggplant, fluted pumpkin, melon, maize, hot pepper, okra, water leaf, Mexican sunflower, tridax, peuro, and siam weed were inoculated with 5000 S. bradys individuals in sterilized or unsterilized soil. The experiment was a 3 x 14 factorial, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability. Results: Based on the number of S.
    [Show full text]