foods Article Castanea spp. Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Genotype Influence on Chemical and Sensorial Traits of Cultivars Grown on the Same Clonal Rootstock Gabriele L. Beccaro 1,2, Dario Donno 1,2,* , Guglielmo Gianni Lione 1,2 , Marta De Biaggi 1, Giovanni Gamba 1, Sabrina Rapalino 1, Isidoro Riondato 1, Paolo Gonthier 1,2 and Maria Gabriella Mellano 1,2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
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[email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-8751 Received: 10 July 2020; Accepted: 31 July 2020; Published: 5 August 2020 Abstract: A large species diversity characterises the wide distribution of chestnuts in Asia, North America, and Europe, hence reflecting not only the adaptation of the genus Castanea to diverse environmental conditions, but also to different management strategies encompassing orchards. The characterisation and description of chestnut populations and cultivars are crucial to develop effective conservation strategies of one of the most important Italian and European fruit and wood species. Chestnut cultivars grown in the same pedoclimatic conditions and on the same clonal rootstock were characterised with sensory, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analysis to determine the phytochemical composition and nutraceutical properties. A multivariate approach, including principal component analysis and conditional inference tree models, was also performed.