DOCSLIB.ORG

Questions and Answers for the Centenary of the Brand Price : €6 GRÉGOIRE THONNAT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Questions and Answers for the Centenary of the Brand Price : €6 GRÉGOIRE THONNAT Who is the founder of Citroën automobiles? What was the first car produced by Citroën? What is the ‘Citroën Central Asia’ Expedition? What do Citroën Traction Avant, Citroën 2 CV, Citroën DS and Citroën Ami 6 have in common? Who invented Citroën Mehari? What is the bestselling car in the Brand’s history? In 80 questions and answers, a timeline and the description of 10 iconic models, this little book will help you (re)discover Citroën’s fabulous history through iconic models, technical innovations and the people who wrote this unique industrial adventure that has revolutionised the history of the automobile since 1919. Questions and answers for the centenary of the Brand Price : €6 GRÉGOIRE THONNAT LE PETIT QUIZZ Questions and answers for the centenary of the Brand GRÉGOIRE THONNAT SUMMARY Preface 5 Questions and answers 7 A brief timeline of Citroën 89 10 iconic vehicles of the Brand 101 The Citroën brand 123 5 Dear readers, There is a reason why the Citroën 2 CV is as much a symbol of France as the Eiffel Tower…because we all have a Citroën story to tell! However, do you know the story of Citroën itself? Le Petit Quiz invites you to (re)discover Citroën’s journey from the origin of its logo to its many technological innovations, from legendary cars to its sporting achievements, and taking a detour through its cult advertising campaigns throughout the years. These 80 questions will help you discover amusing anecdotes and relive Citroën’s history! As the centenary of Citroën approaches, this is the essential tool to ensure you are ‘up to speed’ with one of the most collected car brands in the world… Linda Jackson, CEO, Citroën Brand 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 7 WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF CITROËN? André Citroën! Born on 5 February 1878, André graduated from École Polytechnique and then went on to found Engrenages Citroën in 1905, before leading Mors automobiles in 1908. In 1915, while enlisted as an artillery officer, he created a munitions factory. In 1919, he produced the first Citroën automobile and within 10 years, Citroën had become the largest vehicle manufacture in Europe. In 1935, he lost control of the company and died on 3 July 1935 at the age of 57. WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE CITROËN LOGO? André Citroën created his first metalworking company by purchasing the patent for a revolutionary chevron-shaped gear system – the herringbone gear. From that point on, he made the chevrons his symbol. In 1919, when he launched Citroën automobiles, he kept this symbol. While the logo has evolved over time, the double chevron symbol has remained for 100 years. WHAT WAS THE FIRST VEHICLE PRODUCE BY CITROËN? Citroën Type A-10 HP. Launched on 4 June 1919, and inspired by the Taylorist approach applied in the United States by Henry Ford, this very first Citroën, was also the first car to be mass-produced in Europe. This enabled Type A-10 HP to be sold at a much lower price than the competition at the time. A truly landmark event. WHY WAS CITROËN TYPE C–5 HP, RELEASED IN 1922, GIVEN THE NICKNAME ‘PETITE CITRON’? Because, from launch, this two-seater model was only available in yellow. HOW DID CITROËN CREATE A BUZZ AT THE 1922 PARIS MOTOR SHOW ? André Citroën arranged for an aeroplane to write the name Citroën in the sky. It was a total of 5 km in length across the Parisian skyline. This was marketing that was truly ahead of its time! IN 1922, ANDRÉ CITROËN CREATED SOVAC. WHAT WAS INNOVATIVE ABOUT THIS COMPANY? It was Europe’s first car finance company. Created by André Citroën, it made it easier for his customers to buy cars on finance at a reduced interest rate. WHAT USEFUL SERVICE DID ANDRÉ CITROËN OFFER TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR DRIVERS TO FIND THEIR WAY AROUND FRANCE IN THE 1920S? From 1922, he offered towns in France road signs, which all included the Citroën logo stamped into the metal. So not only did they provide useful directions, they also increased recognition of the Citroën name. The 100,000th road sign was installed in 1926. WHEN CREATING HIS COMPANY, WHICH VITAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOOL DID ANDRÉ CITROËN IMPLEMENT? A huge sales and service network. During the first year in business, they numbered 200 outlets. In 1925, this had grown to nearly 5,000. Mission Haart-Audouin dubreuil - Alger tombouctou BETWEEN DECEMBER 1922 AND FEBRUARY 1923, WHAT DID THE ‘HAART-AUDOIN- DUBREUIL MISSION’ ACHIEVE ON BOARD CITROËN B2 HALF-TRACK? The first Sahara crossing in a car between Toggourt (Algeria) and Timbuktu (Mali). This daring feat at the time created a stir around the world, which very much benefited the Brand. It was the first example of using an achievement in brand communications. Mission Haart-Audouin dubreuil - Alger tombouctou FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE 1920S, ANDRÉ CITROËN STARTED TO SELL PRODUCTS, WHICH WOULD PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN PROMOTING THE BRAND AROUND THE WORLD. WHAT WERE THEY? Toy cars. Each miniature« Mon of the Dieu, original guidez-nous, was released at the same time as the real vehicle. The idea:protégez-nous, that a child’s first words would be nous"Mama, régnons Papa, trop Citroën". jeunes ! » WHAT WAS THE ‘CARAVANE CITROËN’? From 1923, in order to meet future customers and to promote his dealerships, André Citroën had the idea of launching travelling promotional events. A procession of cars which travelled around France, and then Europe, promoting each of his models. This was the first ever road show. WHICH MAJOR TECHNICAL INNOVATION WAS FEATURED ON THE CITROËN B10, LAUNCHED IN 1924? Citroën B10 was the first European all-steel automobile (stamped and welded sheet metal) for increased stability and safety. Until then, car bodywork was like that of a horse-drawn vehicle, which consisted of steel panels fitted to a wooden frame. WHAT DO THESE NAMES MEAN: SCARABÉE D’OR, ÉLÉPHANT À LA TOUR, SOLEIL EN MARCHE? Along with Escargot Ailé, Croissant d’Argent, Colombe, Centaure and Pégase, these are the names given to the eight Citroën B2 half-tracks which were used on the ‘Citroën Central Africa’ expedition. It was the first successful automotive crossing of the African continent, which took place between 1924 and 1925. These vehicles covered 20,000 kilometres between Algeria, Cape Town (South Africa) and the Indian Ocean. WHICH INNOVATIVE IDEA DID ANDRÉ CITROËN HAVE TO SUPPORT VEHICLE REPAIRS IN 1926? He created the first service repair manual and parts catalogue. lettres lumineuses WHICH INNOVATIVE SAFETY FEATURE MADE ITS APPEARANCE AT THE LAUNCH OF CITROËN B14, IN 1926? The brake light. It wasn’t until the 1950s that it became a requirement of the Highway Code. lettres lumineuses WHAT PUBLICITY STUNT DID ANDRÉ CITROËN PULL OFF IN 1925? He wrote his name in lights on the Eiffel Tower, using more than 250,000 bulbs. This impressive and unique advertisement remained in place until 1934. WHICH FEATURES WHICH WERE NORMALLY RESERVED FOR TOP-OF-THE-RANGE VEHICLES WERE FITTED TO CITROËN B14, LAUNCHED IN 1926? A power-assisted braking system which increase braking efficiency by acting on the four wheels, a dashboard with indirect lighting and adjustable front seats. WHICH SOCIAL ADVANCES DID ANDRÉ CITROËN IMPLEMENT FOR HIS EMPLOYEES THAT, AT THE TIME, WERE UNRIVALLED? Canteens, crèches, healthcare (provided internally) and a ‘cooperative of purchases’, whereby the Brand purchased items in bulk, thus enabling employees to buy their food and clothing at a reduced price. In 1927, he was also the first employer in France to implement a 13th month salary. IN 1926, WHICH EUROPEAN RECORD WAS BROKEN BY CITROËN? Citroën achieved a record rate of 400 vehicles produced per day thanks to a 30,000 strong workforce and the scientific management approach known as Taylorism. WHICH NEW CITROËN EXPERIENCE DID ANDRE CITROËN OFFER THE PUBLIC DURING THE 1927 PARIS MOTOR SHOW? Open days at the Javel plant. Hordes of visitors came to explore Citroën’s production line for the first time. At its peak, this 22-hectare site in central Paris, employed up to 30,000 people. FROM 1932, WHICH INNOVATION FITTED TO CITROËN MODELS, HELPED TO MODERNISE THE CAR? The floating-power engine. This invention consisted of fitting rubber blocks between the engine and the chassis to absorb vibrations in the passenger compartment. To gain public awareness of this revolutionary new technology, each model equipped with this innovation bore a special Citroën badge depicting a swan floating on water beneath two chevrons. OF THE CITROËN MODELS PRODUCED IN THE 1920S AND 30S, WHAT WAS SPECIAL ABOUT THE BODYWORK OF THE VEHICLES REFERRED TO AS "BOULANGÈRE"? They were commercial vehicles intended for travelling traders. These small vans were fitted with roller curtains to the sides and rear, thus enabling traders to operate their business remotely. IN 1933, WHICH WORLD RECORD WAS SET BY ‘PETITE ROSALIE’? The world distance record. This simple 8bhp model was equipped with an aerodynamic body enabling it to complete 300,000 kilometres in 134 days at an average of 93kph, around the Linas Montlhéry circuit. WHO MADE THIS STATEMENT: "CITROËN IS GOOD FOR US. THEY PREVENT US FROM FALLING ASLEEP."? Louis Renault (1877-1944). WHAT IS THE ‘CITROËN CENTRAL ASIA’ EXPEDITION? This was Citroën’s third great expedition. Travelling between Beirut (Lebanon) and Peking (China), between 1931 and 1932, it followed the line of the old Silk Road, including crossing the Himalayas and the Gobi desert. This long-distance race was as much about scientific exploration as it was a mechanical and human feat, a truly epic expedition! AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 1930S, WHERE DID CITROËN SIT IN THE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET? They were first in Europe and the second largest manufacturer in the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Van Dimensions
    Van Dimensions Roof Height Vehicle Manufacture Vehicle Model Model Year Wheelbase Roof Height Rear Door Wheelbase (mm) (mm) Overall Length (mm) Citroen Berlingo First 1996 - 2009 L1 H1 Twin 2693 1796 4137 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2018 L1 H1 Twin 2728 1810 4380 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2019 L2 H1 Twin 2728 1810 4628 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2020 L2 H1 Tailgate 2728 1810 4628 Citroen Berlingo 2018 - Onwards L1 H1 Twin 2800 1850 4300 Citroen Berlingo 2018 - Onwards L2 H1 Twin 3000 1850 4700 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L1 H1 Twin 2850 2100 4963 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L1 H2 Twin 2850 2420 4963 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L2 H1 Twin 3200 2100 5413 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L2 H2 Twin 3200 2420 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L1 H1 Twin 3000 2254 4963 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L2 H1 Twin 3450 2254 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L2 H2 Twin 3450 2524 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L3 H2 Twin 4035 2524 5998 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L3 H3 Twin 4035 2764 6363 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L4 H2 Twin 4035 2524 6363 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L4 H3 Twin 4035 2764 6363 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L1 H1 Twin 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Twin 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Twin 3122 2276 5135 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L1 H1 Tailgate 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Tailgate 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L1 H1 Twin 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L1 H1 Tailgate 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L2 H1 Twin 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L2 H1 Tailgate
    [Show full text]
  • Automotive Design Culture: Aesthetic Trends Originated in Technology
    F2004U060 AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN CULTURE: AESTHETIC TRENDS ORIGINATED IN TECHNOLOGY Liamadis, George*, Tsinikas, Nikolaos Faculty of Technology, School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece KEYWORDS - Design, Styling, Trends, Technology, Society ABSTRACT – Ever since the Futurist’s Manifesto, first to see the inner beauty of speed and progress symbolized in the form of early automobile’s mechanical parts, automotive history has often experienced paradigms of technological breakthroughs grown popular to establish aesthetic trends. The car, this highly influential cultural icon of the last century, has often drawn its stylistic inspiration in the product’s technological nature, in the attempt to express visually human’s inherent need for more power, for “better and faster”. Great pipes on early racing cars (1910’s), recalling images of “snakes with explosive breath”, had soon given their place in a new formal language, an aesthetic refinement known as streamlining (1930’s). The expressive force of streamlining, made it synonymous with ‘design’, sculptural intensity and ‘vigorous motion’ even when standing still. It provided an effective visual metaphor for progress, which soon became a formal topos and established an aesthetic trend later extended to a whole series of industrial products, often alien to the idea of motion. Aircraft-referential tailfins on American cars of the 50’s, took automotive styling into the supersonic age, expressing the power of flight and the optimism of the post-war period. The 1973 oil crisis brought up an automotive culture, which shifted the goal from maximization of speed to the optimization of effectiveness. Within this context, streamlining has retained its significance, now justified in terms of ecology and environmental politics.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 No. 4 2010 No. 4 Feature Report
    • • • • 20102010 No.No. 44 Price: $7.50$7.50 CDNCDN $7.50 US $7.50 US CITROENVIE CITROENVIEa quarterly publication (with a North American perspective) for Citroën enthusiasts !! Feature Report: SM 40th Anniversary - Buffalo Photo Shoot •• 20102010 RendezvousRendezvous ReportReport •• BastilleBastille DayDay CACCAC MeetingMeeting •• SomethingSomething AboutAbout MéhariMéhari • Early Traction Infatuation •• CACCAC 20102010 SummerSummer PoolPool PartyParty • Niagara Region CAC Outing •• TractionTraction AvantAvant WindshieldWindshield SafetySafety International Citroën Club Events: Upcoming Local Citroën Autoclub Canada Events: Regular monthly meetings are held at 7 pm on the second Oct. 1 - 3 ‘10 - SM 40th Anniversary Celebration at The Lane Wednesday of every month. From October through April our Motor Museum in Nashville, Tennessee. location is indoors at the Granite Brewery on Mt. Pleasant. Organized by Dave Hume of Excelsior Motors May to September meetings are held outdoors at the Grenadier in Midway, Kentucky. There will be a driving Restaurant in High Park. tour to the Museum through the lovely Kentucky Bluegrass region, departing from Excelsior Motors. $30 charge per car. Non SMs are welcome! Sept 25 ‘10 - CAC Fall Outing. A weekend excursion through Contact Dave Hume at: beautiful Prince Edward County stopping to [email protected]. enjoy some of the local wineries and an optional overnight stay in Picton. June 16-19 ‘11 - 35th Citroën Rendezvous - Saratoga Springs, NY. (Organized by the DriveSheSaid group - Oct. 13 ‘10 - 7 pm - Monthly Club meeting (indoors) at the www.driveshesaid.com) Granite Brewery , on the southeast corner of Mt. Pleasant & Eglinton Ave. Aug. 16-19, ‘12 - 15th ICCCR - Yorkshire, UK http://www.icccr2012.org.uK Nov. 10 ‘10 - 7 pm - Monthly Club meeting (indoors) at the Granite Brewery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory of the Richard Roud Collection #1117
    The Inventory of the Richard Roud Collection #1117 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center ROOD, RICHARD #1117 September 1989 - June 1997 Biography: Richard Roud ( 1929-1989), as director of both the New York and London Film Festivals, was responsible for both discovering and introducing to a wider audience many of the important directors of the latter half th of the 20 - century (many of whom he knew personally) including Bernardo Bertolucci, Robert Bresson, Luis Buiiuel, R.W. Fassbinder, Jean-Luc Godard, Werner Herzog, Terry Malick, Ermanno Ohni, Jacques Rivette and Martin Scorsese. He was an author of books on Jean-Marie Straub, Jean-Luc Godard, Max Ophuls, and Henri Langlois, as well as the editor of CINEMA: A CRITICAL DICTIONARY. In addition, Mr. Roud wrote extensive criticism on film, the theater and other visual arts for The Manchester Guardian and Sight and Sound and was an occasional contributor to many other publications. At his death he was working on an authorized biography of Fran9ois Truffaut and a book on New Wave film. Richard Roud was a Fulbright recipient and a Chevalier in the Legion of Honor. Scope and contents: The Roud Collection (9 Paige boxes, 2 Manuscript boxes and 3 Packages) consists primarily of book research, articles by RR and printed matter related to the New York Film Festival and prominent directors. Material on Jean-Luc Godard, Francois Truffaut and Henri Langlois is particularly extensive. Though considerably smaller, the Correspondence file contains personal letters from many important directors (see List ofNotable Correspondents). The Photographs file contains an eclectic group of movie stills.
    [Show full text]
  • Road & Track Magazine Records
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8j38wwz No online items Guide to the Road & Track Magazine Records M1919 David Krah, Beaudry Allen, Kendra Tsai, Gurudarshan Khalsa Department of Special Collections and University Archives 2015 ; revised 2017 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Guide to the Road & Track M1919 1 Magazine Records M1919 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Road & Track Magazine records creator: Road & Track magazine Identifier/Call Number: M1919 Physical Description: 485 Linear Feet(1162 containers) Date (inclusive): circa 1920-2012 Language of Material: The materials are primarily in English with small amounts of material in German, French and Italian and other languages. Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance. Abstract: The records of Road & Track magazine consist primarily of subject files, arranged by make and model of vehicle, as well as material on performance and comparison testing and racing. Conditions Governing Use While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns. Preferred Citation [identification of item], Road & Track Magazine records (M1919). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Conditions Governing Access Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021-06-22 Totalenergies Renews Its Global Partnership With
    TotalEnergies renews its global partnership with Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles and extends it to Opel and Vauxhall Paris, June 22, 2021 - TotalEnergies and Stellantis announce the renewal of their partnership for the next five years for the Peugeot, Citroën and DS Automobiles brands. The two Groups are also opening a new chapter with its expansion to include Opel and Vauxhall. These global cooperation agreements now cover five core areas: • Increased collaboration in Research & Development, with common R&D objectives in terms of sustainable development and innovation, particularly in new forms of mobility, low-carbon or bio-sourced fuels, lubricants and fluids specially optimized for new electrified engines and their components, including batteries. • “First-fill” lubricants, with the supply of lubricants by TotalEnergies for vehicles produced in the factories of the five Stellantis Group brands concerned throughout the world. • Exclusive recommendation of Quartz lubricants in the after-sales and maintenance networks of the Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles, Opel and Vauxhall brands. Approved repair specialists have access to TotalEnergies' high-tech motor oils, specifically developed for the engines of these five brands of vehicles, guaranteeing performance, reliability and fuel savings. • Automobile competition, with technical and sporting cooperation which will henceforth focus exclusively on the various electric and hybrid programmes launched by the brands: o Peugeot's return to the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the FIA-World Endurance Championship in the Hypercar category for hybrid prototypes, with the design of batteries resulting from the collaboration between Peugeot Sport and TotalEnergies, through its subsidiary SAFT, as well as the development of specific fluids.
    [Show full text]
  • 54 Citroen Traction Avant, Region’S Annual Crab Feast Has for Ice, Soft Drinks, Hot Dogs and Buns, Which Generated a Lot of Interest
    THE CHESAPEAKE BULLETIN SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER 2010 By Jerry Gordon Members have been encouraged to drive Contributors: an antique car to the Crab Feast. While Dave Phillips & Buzz Diehl the hot weather reduced the number somewhat from last year, Dave Phillips There’s a good reason why Chesapeake drove his 1954 Citroen Traction Avant, Region’s Annual Crab Feast has for ice, soft drinks, hot dogs and buns, which generated a lot of interest. Last consisten tly been voted the Club’s condiments, and disposable paper goods. year Dave brought his 1933 Franklin favo rite event. Where else in the During the day the grill was kept busy by Olympic, also a crowd pleaser. ant ique car hobby can you have so much Bud Currey and Gary Wilmer producing fun and eat a bunch of Maryland crabs hot dogs. We had to ask, “Why did you get a for only $5? And if you didn’t want Citroen as a collector car?” Well, Dave crabs you could have had a pound of After the invocation by Art Rutledge, said that when he was twelve years old jum bo shrimp. Plus all those side dishes everyone enjoyed the feast at the many his dad was in the Navy and had the and deserts that member’s bring are picnic tables in the pavilion. As usual, family with him while stationed in Japan there was a large 50/50 drawing conducted del icious. and Europe. He remembers that his dad by Ted Schneider. Thr winner was Pam bought him a book, All The World’s We had 111 members and guests show Canova Cars, and that the family’s next door up on Saturday, July 24th on one of the neighbor in Japan had a Citroen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trojan Horse: Imported Automobiles
    CHAPTER 5 suggested citation: Medrano-Bigas, Pau. The Forgotten Years of Bibendum. Michelin’s American Period in Milltown: Design, Illustration and Advertising by Pioneer Tire Companies (1900-1930). Doctoral dissertation. University of Barcelona, 2015 [English translation, 2018]. THE TROJAN HORSE: IMPORTED AUTOMOBILES In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the furor for bicycles as a personal and economical means of transport led to the invasion of the French market by English and American firms—leading to fierce commercial competition with the country’s own industries—resulting in the collapse of 1898. In the early stages of the new century the full development of the European automobile industry and in particular the French sector—with the inseparable development of the tire—produced a similar effect. However, this time it was the American market that was invaded by imported European vehicles, pre- dominantly from France. 1. Transatlantic travel on wheels Between 1890 and 1891 the first French vehicles marketed by Peugeot—one of the major bicycle manu- facturers—and Panhard et Levassor, appeared on the scene and incorporated the internal combustion engine developed by the German Gottlieb Daimler. French and German investments in technology, which would be imposed on the rest, was based on gasoline-powered engines and collided with the English and North American options, diversified between vapor, electric and gas-powered automobiles. Production data from the United States in 1899 show that there were 2,500 vehicles—about 80% of which used electric or steam engines—manufactured by around 30 companies. Between 1900 and 1901, France was by far the world’s largest automobile producer.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimizing Resource Utilization in Distributed Computing Systems For
    THESE` DE DOCTORAT DE L’ETABLISSEMENT´ UNIVERSITE´ BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTE´ PREPAR´ EE´ A` L’UNIVERSITE´ DE FRANCHE-COMTE´ Ecole´ doctorale n°37 Sciences Pour l’Ingenieur´ et Microtechniques Doctorat d’Informatique par ANTHONY NASSAR Optimizing Resource Utilization in Distributed Computing Systems for Automotive Applications Optimisation de l’utilisation des ressources dans les systemes` informatiques distribues´ pour les applications automobiles These` present´ ee´ et soutenue publiquement le 04-02-2021 a` Belfort, devant le Jury compose´ de : MR CERIN CHRISTOPHE Professeur a` l’Universite´ Sorbonne Paris Nord President´ MR CHBEIR RICHARD Professeur a` l’Universite´ de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Rapporteur MME BENBERNOU SALIMA Professeur a` l’Universite´ Paris-Descartes Rapporteur MR MOSTEFAOUI AHMED Maˆıtre de conferences´ a` l’Universite´ de Franche-Comte´ Directeur de these` MR DESSABLES FRANC¸ OIS Ingenieur´ chez Groupe PSA Codirecteur de these` DOCTORAL THESIS OF THE UNIVERSITY BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTE´ INSTITUTION PREPARED AT UNIVERSITE´ DE FRANCHE-COMTE´ Doctoral school n°37 Engineering Sciences and Microtechnologies Computer Science Doctorate by ANTHONY NASSAR Optimizing Resource Utilization in Distributed Computing Systems for Automotive Applications Optimisation de l’utilisation des ressources dans les systemes` informatiques distribues´ pour les applications automobiles Thesis presented and publicly defended in Belfort, on 04-02-2021 Composition of the Jury : CERIN CHRISTOPHE Professor at Universite´ Sorbonne Paris Nord President
    [Show full text]
  • Ds & Sm Heritage
    DS & SM HERITAGE DS HERITAGE The story of the DS began long before 1955. The origins of the car go all the way back to 1938, when Citroën Chairman and CEO Pierre Boulanger was thinking about the successor to the Traction Avant. He was convinced that the new car above all had to be comfortable. And so a new project was launched, with the code name VGD, short for «Voiture de Grande Diffusion», or «mass-produced car». He entrusted the project to André Lefèbvre, an aeronautics engineer by training. Alongside these two men, the Citroën team also featured other talented individuals, notably Flaminio Bertoni (sculpture) and Paul Mages (suspension). But with the advent of war, and the ensuing occupation and wartime restrictions, the VGD project was put on hold. The project gradually got back on track after the end of the war. In 1952 L’Auto-Journal published a scoop, in the form of a drawing of the future Citroën and its technical characteristics. Citroën did its utmost to hush up the affair by taking the magazine to court. The brand wanted to keep the project a secret at all costs. 4 In October 1955, a bombshell hit the 42nd Paris Motor Show. A car took centre stage on the Citroën stand: the DS 19. A flying saucer, with bright colours and a magic word, «oleo-pneumatic», a system that appeared to do everything in the driver’s place. From the suspension and brakes to the steering and gearbox, softness was the keyword. Only the engine was conventional. But it wasn’t just about technology.
    [Show full text]
  • JLG CATALOG-MAIN1.Pdf
    Ο Ζαν Λυκ Γκοντάρ είναι κορυφαίος σκηνοθέτης που τα έργα του δεν έπαψαν να μαγνητίζουν το κοινό τα τελευταία πενήντα χρόνια αλλά και ένας διανο- ητής που συγκεντρώνει τον θαυμασμό ιστορικών, θεωρητικών και φιλοσόφων. Πώς εξηγείται αυτή η ακαταμάχητη γοητεία αυτού του τρομερού παιδιού της Νουβέλ Βαγκ; Είναι μήπως η ικανότητα του «να αντιπαραθέτει σε ασαφείς ιδέ- ες καθαρές εικόνες;» Σύμφωνα με την θεωρητικό Κατερίνα Λουκοπούλου: «Ο Γκοντάρ από την αρχή της πορείας του όχι μόνο χρησιμοποίησε λέξεις και εικόνες για να θέσει ερωτή- ματα του τύπου «τί είναι ο κινηματογράφος» αλλά και για να ξανασκεφτεί την πορεία του κινηματογράφου: επιτυγχάνει την αναθεώρηση των κινηματογρα- φικών ειδών, τον αναστοχασμό και την επανεφεύρεση της κινηματογραφικής γλώσσας, με κάθε ταινία του που βγήκε στην διανομή, από το με Κομμένη την Ανάσα (1960) ως το Αποχαιρετισμός στη Γλώσσα (2014), στρέφεται με πάθος σε συλλογικά εγχειρήματα (στην αρχή με την ομάδα Τζίγκα Βερτόφ και αργότερα με την Sonimage και την Αν-Μαρί Μιεβίλ), υπογράφει μεγάλο αριθμό έργων για την τηλεόραση και ολοκληρώνει το εμβληματικό έργο του Ιστορία/ες του Κινηματογράφου. Ο διαλογισμός του Γκοντάρ πάνω στον κινηματογράφο δεν σταματά ποτέ. Έχει γυρίσει ταινίες για το σινεμά, έχει γράψει αναλύσεις, έχει δώσει εμπνευσμένες συνεντεύξεις και έχει κάνει πολλές τηλεοπτικές εμφανί- σεις μιλώντας για τις ταινίες του αλλά και ευρύτερα για τον κινηματογράφο». Η Ταινιοθήκη με τη διοργάνωση του αφιερώματος Τώρα Γκοντάρ με 52 ταινίες, στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος «Η κινηματογραφοφιλία στη Νέα Εποχή» και με τη συνεργασία του Γαλλικού Ινστιτούτου Ελλάδος και την υποστήριξη της Πρεσβείας της Ελβετίας είναι περήφανη γιατί θα δώσει τη δυνατότητα στους ειδικούς να τον ξαναδούν και στους νέους την ευκαιρία να γνωρίσουν τον με- γάλο εικονοκλάστη.
    [Show full text]
  • Mondial De L'automobile Paris
    Mondial de l‘Automobile Paris: Bugatti presents final Legends model „Ettore Bugatti“ at Volkswagen Group Night PARIS 01 10 2014 AS A EUROPEAN PREMIERE BUGATTI IS SHOWING THE SIXTH AND FINAL MODEL OF ITS EDITION „LES LÉGENDES DE BUGATTI“ AT THE VOLKSWAGEN GROUP NIGHT ON THE EVE OF THE PARIS MOTOR SHOW, MONDIAL DE L’AUTOMOBILE PARIS. As a European premiere Bugatti is showing the sixth and final model of its Edition „Les Légendes de Bugatti“ at the Volkswagen Group Night on the eve of the Paris Motor Show, Mondial de l’Automobile Paris. It is dedicated to Ettore Bugatti, founder and patron of the brand. At the same time Bugatti is celebrating the successful completion of its Legends Edition. Only three vehicles per model will be built. All 18 vehicles were sold out even before the final model was unveiled. With this edition Bugatti honors important personalities and cars in its company history. One year ago, the super sports car manufacturer presented the Legends model “Jean-Pierre Wimille” in California to inaugurate the series. The “Jean Bugatti” then followed at the IAA in Frankfurt and the “Meo Costantini“ at the Dubai Motorshow. Continuing the series, this year saw the world première of the “Rembrandt Bugatti” at the Automobile Salon in Geneva and “Black Bess” at Auto China in Peking. Bugatti completed the series with the presentation of the final Legend “Ettore Bugatti” at the Monterey Car Week in California just a few weeks ago. “The Legends edition is an impressive part of the Veyron’s success story. Now the car has reached the finishing straight.
    [Show full text]