Free Energy Research

Experiments

Volume 3

Revision 1

FE R&D group http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/ferd041/info

2014

Chapter 6. Bifilar coil...... 4 Literature ...... 4 Bifilar coil inside coaxial transformer...... 5 Different version of coaxial transformer...... 8 Two frequencies setup...... 10 Two bifilar coils ...... 16 Sin – Cos generator ...... 18 3 phase setup with bifilar coils...... 21 Compensator...... 23 Trying with ”regular” transformer ...... 30 Trying with coaxial transformer...... 33 Anti-aligned flybacks ...... 37 Idea about bifilar coils...... 41 Can load power itself?...... 42 ”Composite” core ...... 43 Iron core transformer...... 43 Model ...... 48 Transformer on ferrite core ...... 51 Transformer on Panasonic MWO core...... 55 Experiment with UDT...... 58 Resonance and bifilar coils ...... 60 Shorting 3rd coil...... 70 First trial ...... 70 Model ...... 72 Improving driver with IR2113 ...... 74 Driver with two CD4011...... 83 Isolated driver...... 88 Chapter 7. Charge pump...... 92 Second universal principle of achieving OU...... 92 Let’s consider this idea in numbers...... 93 Capacitor driver...... 97 Driver with synchronization...... 98 Now let’s try extract power...... 99 Pulse extractor...... 100 Regular driver (for comparison)...... 102 Experiment with capacitor driver...... 103 About “long line” ...... 109 Experiment with ”long line” ...... 117 Storage element using magnetic field ...... 119 Looking for charge source...... 123 Fluorescent lamp ...... 123 Tiger2007’s experiment ...... 125 Vacuum tube ...... 126 DC mode ...... 126 Pulse mode ...... 127 Electrostatic spraying ...... 129 Chapter 8. Displacement currents ...... 132 Bifilar extraction with capacitor...... 132 Negative inductance ...... 135 One directional displacement current...... 138 2 Current from the ”ground” ...... 140 Chapter 9. Spark gap ...... 143 Driver for spark gap ...... 143 Driver version 2...... 146

Chapter 6. Bifilar coil

Literature

I am starting new thread about anti-aligned bifilar coils and attempts get something from nothing (a dream of every FE researcher). Most of my experiments on this topic made long before I learned about magnetic field configuration of anti-aligned coils. This information contains many obvious and not so obvious flaws. It is more about how "not to do" rather then "to do". I hope that providing this could save some time and efforts for new comers.

Here some reading for beginning

Bi-toroid transformer https://www.dropbox.com/s/x87mdgjsj39orjc/CA2594905A1.pdf

Power generator based on nonlinear inductance https://www.dropbox.com/s/6pemrzcowusgyii/gnli.pdf

Power generator based on nonlinear inductance schematic https://www.dropbox.com/s/09u33yuu7m6no1z/gnli_v3.jpg

The UDT - A Free-Energy Device by Paul Raymond Jensen https://www.dropbox.com/s/1hmg8qkxbw9mp8h/udt.pdf

Bifilar coil inside coaxial transformer

pic1. Experimental schematic (first version)

Voltage difference was small about 10v with more than 300v on primary so it is better measure on bifilar coil directly Udc = 360 v / 5 cm = 70 v/cm

pic2. Improved schematic

5 pic3. Experimental setup

pic4. Experimental setup

6 pic5. Rx = 1k with ferrite beards

pic6. Rx = 180 ohm with ferrite beards (looks similar to spark gap?)

pic7. Rx = 180 ohm twister pair

pic8. Twisted pair inside coaxial transformer

Different version of coaxial transformer

pic9. Different version of coaxial transformer

pic10. Experimental setup

All primary windings connected in parallel, all the secondary in series and resonance (0.01uF). Problem is that the rings are saturated very quickly, it is necessary to have gaps to avoid saturation.

pic11. top – on MOSFET drain, bottom - secondary

Current through the bifilar coil does not affect the resonance.

9 Two frequencies setup

pic1. Dual frequency

Some people think that if we mix two frequency and extract power on low frequency (beating) load will not affect high frequency sources… Here I am trying to test this idea.

pic2. Simple amplifier

pic3. Generator

* Frequency 3..5 Khz

pic4. Setup with two frequencies (5khz)

pic5. Beating

pic6. Experimental setup, 3rd coil not used

* Inductance of the primary on the ring 2,4mH (2x10 turns) * Secondary 2mH (20 turns) * Secondary coil resonance 5KHz C = 0,47uF

pic7. Crystal radio like setup

pic8. setup schematic

pic9. top – output, bottom - beating

13 pic10. Added second secondary coil, resonance frequency decreased to 3.4 khz

pic11. Experiment schematic

pic12. Full wave "detector"

* So far I can’t confirm the idea, load affects high frequency sources.

Two bifilar coils

The idea is to asymmetrically load two (or three for 3ph system) bifilar coils. Since bifilar coil cancels it magnetic field such setup should not ”load” primary coil in transformer. Here I am trying test 2 and 3 phase setups.

pic1. Schematic of one section

pic2. Two sections connected in series

pic3. output

pic4. 5 sections in series

pic5. output

Sin – Cos generator

pic6. Generator with output voltage stabilization

pic7. ”analog” delay for one channel

pic8. Delay for 3 phase generator (f+delta,f+180+delta)

19 pic9. Experimental setup

pic10. Analog delay

3 phase setup with bifilar coils

pic11. top – one phase, bottom - output

pic12. larger scale

φ1 + φ2 + φ3 = 0

pic13. coils

21 pic14. with all 3 phases f1,2,3 on sum always zero

U = 0

pic15. loading bifilar coil

* Unfortunately I can’t confirm the idea. Perhaps I am doing something wrong.

22 Compensator

I continue attempts to neutralize load effect on transformer primary by cancelling magnetic field. I will try build special circuit which will work as ”compensator” and cancel secondary magnetic field.

pic1. Compensator model

pic2. Simulation results

pic3. Compensator model 2

pic4. Simulation results

pic5. compensator power pic6. output consumption pic7. primary source

It is convenient to limit load current (than it is easier to compensate it).

pic8. Limiting current

pic9. Simulation results

pic10. Trying improving

pic11. Current source loaded with capacitor

26 pic12. Limiting asymmetric K=1/10

pic13. Simulation results

pic14. Trying make active compensator

pic15. It’s difficult to control current in inductance

pic16. Compensator model

pic17. Simulation results

Trying with ”regular” transformer

pic18. without compensator

top-B, bottom-A

pic19. with compensator and bulb is brighter

30 pic20. Experimental setup

pic21. generator 10 kHz

31 pic22. experiment schematic

pic23. compensator’s amplifier

Trying with coaxial transformer

pic24. without compensator

Ips = 88ma

without load Ips = 80ma frequency 200Khz

pic25. with compensator

it is impossible to compensate even with phase shift chain, current consumption increases by 3 times

33 pic26. Experimental setup

pic27. Model 3

pic28. Simulation results

pic29. Model 4

pic30. Simulation results, COP ~ 1

* can’t compensate completely, need higher voltage on compensation windings

36 Anti-aligned flybacks

pic1. possible configurations on different cores

pic2. Experiment schematic

37 pic3. Two anti-aligned flybacks

pic4. primary coils

pic5. Pickup coil

pic6. top - MOSFET drain, bottom – on recycling coil

pic7. top - Extra coil under load, bottom – MOSFET drain

pic8. Checking with probe

pic9. extra coil without load

pic10. Pictures from overunity.com (?)

Why magnet field outside ferrite core ?

pic11.

40 Idea about bifilar coils

The idea is if we get currents flow in opposite directions in bifilar coils magnetic fields cancel each other. If we use such coils as a transformer secondary load will not affect primary coil. It is difficult to get opposite currents on same frequency as in primary but we can switch secondary with high frequency. With iron core this potentially also give advantage because iron core does not work on high frequencies (so load pulses will not ”go thru” core to primary). Below a simulation which illustrate the idea.

41 Can load power itself?

This was one of my first ideas regarding bifilar coils but it took quite some time to find appropriate schematic to implement it.

pic1. Picture from Thane Heins Bi-toroid transformer patent

pic2. Earlier drawing from overunity.com (?)

42 ”Composite” core

pic3. It seems to be possible make a setup where load have no effect on primary windings

* We can make core from different materials, place primary on iron part and secondary windings on ferrite

pic4. Experimental core setup, central leg made from part of iron core transformer

* The main issue appeared to be a gap between core parts

Iron core transformer

pic5. Experimental setup with ”regular” transformer

pic6. 24v input 2 x 100v output (to switches)

pic7.two outputs pic8. without switching

44 pic9. pic10.

pic11. SSR (solid state relay)

pic12. Isolated switch

pic13. Experimental setup with improved drivers

pic14. Improved isolated driver

pic15. pic16.

46 pic17. pic18.

pic19. ”strange” resonance pic20.

47 Model

pic21. Model

pic22. Simulation results

pic23. Model

pic24. Simulation

49 pic27. if disconnect resistors and switch synchronously them

pic28. if resistors are connected

50 Transformer on ferrite core

pic31. trying another transformer 3 х 40 turns

pic32. Experimental setup

pic33.switches off pic34.switches active

51 pic35. switches in 180 degrees

pic36. switches in sync

pic37. if we connect load pic38. resistors currents subtract

pic39. Switches without isolation

pic40. Setup idea

pic41. top – primary wining, bottom – one of secondary windings (switches off)

53 pic44. top – primary wining, pic45. Larger scale bottom – one of secondary windings (switches on) pic46. top-switch control, bottom - on the output

pic47. With 1uf capacitor in parallel to primary

54 pic48. with capacitor in parallel pic49. Larger scale primary

Transformer on Panasonic MWO core

pic50. Transformer on Panasonic core

pic51. Experimental setup

55 pic52. idling

resonance in primary f ~ 290hz L ~ 128mH C = 7,8uF

pic53. no increase in power pic54. consumption

pic55. core almost saturated pic56.

56 pic57. pic58. pic59. very small increase in power consumption even with R load = 0

power consumption observed at lowest switching frequency (~10khz)

57 Experiment with UDT

pic1. Test transformer on E-core

10 turns on each leg Lleft,right = 254uH Lcenter = 35uH

Lleft + Lright = 957uH Lleft - Lright = 51uH

f = 10kHz U in = 10v

U1,v 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 I1,a 1,7 2 2,2 2,36 2,52 2,7 2,9 P1 17 20 22 23,6 25,2 27 29

Rn,ohm 50 10 5 4 3 2 1 Un,v 8,8 7,9 6,2 5,7 4,8 4,2 2,8 P2 1,55 6,24 7,69 8,12 7,68 8,82 7,84

COP 0,09 0,31 0,35 0,34 0,30 0,33 0,27

With compensation coil

U1,v 10 10 10 10 10 10 I1,a 1,76 1,96 2 2,12 2,2 2,36 P1 17,6 19,6 20 21,2 22 23,6

Rn,ohm 10 5 4 3 2 1 Un,v 6 5 4,8 4,1 3,5 2,4 P2 3,60 5,00 5,76 5,60 6,13 5,76

COP 0,20 0,26 0,29 0,26 0,28 0,24

Perhaps I have to make longer windings…

59 Resonance and bifilar coils

pic1. Resonance driver with AFC

Similar driver I used for experiments with transformer secondary winding shorting.

pic2. freq/2 pic3. freq/4

60 pic4. adjusting duty factor 0-25% pic5.

pic6. pic7.

pic8. on MOSFET drain pic9. on limiting resistor

pic10. Experimental setup

power consumption

pic11. top – VCO, bottom – test coil

pic12. the output of the phase pic13. VCO control comparator

62 pic14. Added current transformer and a phase shift control

pic15. top – driver, bottom – test coil on central leg

pic16. top - test coil on central leg, bottom – voltage on outer legs, R load = 2k

63 pic17. top- test coil on central leg, bottom - voltage on outer legs, R load = 50ohm

phase shift appears and load starts “accelerate” resonance in primary

pic18. Setup, side coils anti-aligned

Rn,ohm 3000 2000 1000 500 200 100 50 20 10 Ua,v 10,2 9,8 8,2 7,4 7,2 8,6 10,4 12,2 14 Ub,v 4 3,6 2,8 2,2 1,7 1 0,7 0,3 0,2

Pb 0,005333 0,00648 0,00784 0,00968 0,01445 0,01 0,0098 0,0045 0,004

* this was most successful setup

64 pic19. Power vs load resistance

pic20. Power vs load resistance

65 pic21. Driver schematic version 2

I tried different connections of coils

pic22. Load kills resonance

pic23. Load kills resonance (side coils aligned)

pic24. Load first decrease Q factor but then increase

c,uf u,v t,us P,W 0,1 50 100 1,25

It seems that such a configuration is allow extract approximately 15% of the reactive power

pic25. Load kills resonance (very sharp change)

pic26. Load kills resonance (more gradually)

68 pic27. Experimental setup

Shorting 3rd coil

This is a variation of non-linear inductance device. Inductance change achieved by shorting one of three coils.

First trial

pic1. Driver schematic

Rn = 120 ohm, additional 1uF capacitor in parallel to Rn

pic2. Coils on RM10 core

3х 11t wire 0.25mm diam.

inductance of one coil 1.1mH

without shorting with shorting

pic3. top - point A, bottom - pic4. top - point A, bottom - point B point B

pic5. top - point A, bottom - pic6. top - point A, bottom - point С point С

* Frequency about 30khz

output w/o v ma mW driver, mW COP 11,5 2,4 27,6 without shorting 5,18 0,40 0,5 2,08

11,5 11 126,5 with shorting 104,08 0,23 1,7 24,08

11,5 1,95 22,425 driver

Seems that shorting increase output but also increases power consumption.

71 Model

pic7. Model

pic8. Simulation results

72 pic9. Model with shorting

pic10. Simulation results

Improving driver with IR2113

pic11. New driver based on ir2113

SD = 0, LIN = HIN to get driver with inversion

works quite good but still there is a thru current

pic12. top – trigger pulse, bottom – wire shorting a coil

pic13. Testing with one coil

pic14. one coil

top – driver pulse, bottom – MOSFET drain

pic15. Connecting shorting switch

75 pic16. 2 -1 = 1 (without shorting)

pic17. shorting on (out of screen) shorting anti-aligned coil

pic18. smaller scale

76 pic19. Shoring one of aligned coils

pic20. 2-1 =1 shorting off

pic21. shorting on

shorting one of two aligned coils ”effect” two times smaller

pic22. Setup

pic23. Without shorting

pic24. top – driver pulse, bottom – point 1

78 pic25. top -driver pulse, bottom – point 2

pic26. top -driver pulse, bottom – point 3

With shorting

pic27. top -driver pulse, bottom – point 1

79 pic28. top -driver pulse, bottom – point 2

pic29. top -driver pulse, bottom – point 3

pic30. top -driver pulse, bottom – current thru L3

80 pic31. added diode in series with shorting switch

pic32. current thru L3

pic33. Larger scale Rs = 1 ohm current about 7а

81 I tried also these coils, all works more or less same way

pic34. RM-10 core wound with copper foil 30cm x 8mm about 12 turns C = 650 pf L = 370uH

pic35 14 turns wire 0.7 mm diam. C = 247pf L = 857 uH

Driver with two CD4011

It appeared that diode inside MOSFET shorting upper coil so I have to add diode in series with MOSFET.

pic44. Driver schematic

pic45. Experiment 1

83 pic46. top - point e, bottom – point d

pic47. top - point e, bottom – point c

pic48. top - point e, bottom – point b

84 pic49. top - point e, bottom – point a

(different scale, AC input on bottom channel)

pic50. Experiment 2

pic51. top - point e, bottom – point f

85 pic52. top - point e, bottom – point d

pic53. top - point e, bottom – point b

pic54. top - point e, bottom – point a

(AC input on bottom channel)

86 pic55. top - point e, bottom – point g

(slightly different time scale, AC input on bottom channel)

87 Isolated driver

pic56. Experimental with isolated driver

pic57. Driver schematic

88 pic58. with isolated switch

no difference which coil we shorting, top or middle

pic59. longer shorting pulse

Coils on P30x19 core

pic60. 3 x 12 turns, L = 650uH

pic61. 3 х 4 turns with copper foil, L = 35uH

pic62. New driver allows change phase of shorting pulse

pic63. moving shorting pulse and see how changing output

90 pic64. similar waveforms can be obtained with RM core also

pic65. moving shorting pulse

pic66.

91 Chapter 7. Charge pump

Some reading to start

Capacitor driver https://www.dropbox.com/s/gky57sbwwpe80ms/valerainov.pdf

Second universal principle of achieving OU

First principle as we know was described by Tesla in 1900. It took quite some time for me to fully understand it. History repeats itself, as well as the idea of Tesla was available and nobody uunderstand it ... Suddenly I realized that we can use the quadratic energy function to get OU.

”Since a nonlinear system does not exhibit linear superposition, a combination of inputs often produces surprising synergetic effects – the whole becomes greater than sum of its parts.”

pic1. Picture and quote from (1)

Reading this book helped me build next chain of reasoning.

92 pic2. Conceptual diagram of the system

The system thus needs to consist of

1. Some "temporary" energy source that provides energy to start system 2. Pump, circuit which will submit “something”, e.g. electric charge in small portions to storage, where it will be stored. The accumulation of “something” will cause quadratic grow stored energy. 3. Feedback loop to compensate for the initial source of energy and power the load.

To produce energy such system needs to be "spin up" to a state where energy gain in the storage in one cycle will be more than energy required to submit one portion of “something” (charge) and losses in the system.

Theoretically we can build different systems - use any parameters which cause quadratic grow of energy (speed, current, voltage…)

Let’s consider this idea in numbers

I will use charge as a ”working body” and capacitor as a storage. Here a simplified idea of the setup

pic3. System with capacitors

First step – charge a capacitor from current source

pic3. Charging capacitor

pic4. Simulation

pic5. Energy i.e. to charge 1000pf capacitor up to 660V requires 180uJ

Second step – discharge C1 in C2.

pic6. Model

pic7. Simulation

pic8. Energy out of 180uJ only 54 hits in the capacitor C2, the efficiency of the operation turned out 30%. Nevertheless it does not matter because we pumping charge and not energy, as a result we added about 0.3mC to C2.

95 (We can do this operation synchronously with oscillations every time when voltage on C2 is zero)

Now let’s calculate

Q C U,v E,J dE,J Pre 3,00E-07 1,00E-09 300 4,50E-05 0,000045 1,6 6,00E-07 1,00E-09 600 1,80E-04 0,000135 6,3 9,00E-07 1,00E-09 900 4,05E-04 0,000225 14,2 1,20E-06 1,00E-09 1200 7,20E-04 0,000315 25,2 1,50E-06 1,00E-09 1500 1,13E-03 0,000405 39,4 1,80E-06 1,00E-09 1800 1,62E-03 0,000495 56,7 2,10E-06 1,00E-09 2100 2,21E-03 0,000585 77,2 2,40E-06 1,00E-09 2400 2,88E-03 0,000675 100,8 2,70E-06 1,00E-09 2700 3,65E-03 0,000765 127,6 3,00E-06 1,00E-09 3000 4,50E-03 0,000855 157,5 3,30E-06 1,00E-09 3300 5,45E-03 0,000945 190,6 3,60E-06 1,00E-09 3600 6,48E-03 0,001035 226,8

It turns out that starting with the fourth pulse energy increase in the C2 is more than we spent on the charge transfer ;-)

* The assumption that coil returns as much charge as it was before the pump pulse was too optimistic, I need to look for a better way to charge transfer. Anyway the overall idea is still valid ☺

Links:

1. “Tapping the Zero Point Energy” by Moray King

96 Capacitor driver

Let’s try simulate the ”capacitor” driver

pic1. First trial

pic2. without special synchronization it does not work properly

* in each cycle need more energy, same as in a conventional driver circuit

97 Driver with synchronization

pic3. Driver with synchronization

pic4. Model

pic5. Power consumption

pic6. At the beginning

Now let’s try extract power

pic7. Such extraction does not work because load is killing the quality factor

* we can try to reduce coupling or make pulse extraction

pic8. Simulation results

pic9. Power balance

Pulse extractor

pic10. Model

100

pic11. Simulation results

pic12. Simulation results

This seems to work better; as usual the problem is how to make such a resonant circuit.

101 Regular driver (for comparison)

pic13. in a conventional driver energy consumption from the source depends on the amplitude of oscillations in the circuit, but in capacitor driver power consumption always the same

pic14. Simulation results

102 Experiment with capacitor driver

pic1. Capacitor driver

pic2. Driver schematic

103 pic3. I am using Panasonic core and secondary coil

pic4. top – driver pulses, bottom – pic5. top – driver, bottom – zero point sen crossing circuit output

pic6. pic7. top – driver, bottom - capacitor pic8. top – driver pulses, bottom – point sen (LC)

104

pic9. Model

pic10. Simulation results

* all is not well, voltage is growing not 2 times but 1.1 times (charge not summing)

105

pic11. More variants of the charge transfer circuit 1

pic12. Simulation results

106

pic13. Variant 2

pic14. Simulation results

107 pic15. Trying improve driver efficiency

pic16. Simulation results

108 About “long line”

We know that ”long lines” can be used to produce high voltage pulses, so we can try use ”long line” to sum charge.

pic1. Simulating reflections

pic2. Reflections in transmission line

109

pic3. Line without load

pic4. Simulation

110

pic5. Pulsing line with two capacitors

pic6. Simulation

111

pic7. Pulsing with one capacitor

pic8. Simulation

pic9. Longer simulation, looks different

112

pic10. Simplified setup

pic11. Simulation

113

pic12. Adding extraction circuit

pic13. Simulation

114

pic14. Can we switch second wire ?

pic15. Simulation

115

pic16. Adding extraction

pic17. Simulation

Links:

1. Fitch-Govel generator https://www.dropbox.com/s/sujf06qh6c0me1y/Fitch-Govel.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOUtbngpILc

116 Experiment with ”long line”

pic1. Experimental setup

pic2. Driver schematic

pic3. Charging capacitor thru pic4. more pulses current source

117

pic5. even more pic6. Larger scale

“Long line” made of two stripes of aluminium foil wound on N30 ferrite ring core L = 1291uH C = 6250pf Z = sqrt(L/C) = 454 ohm ν = 1 / Z = 352000m/c or 1m in 2.8us

pic7. charging “line” top – driver pulse, bottom – voltage on the line 10k in parallel

pic8. top – driver pulse, bottom - on the ground wire on the “end” of line

118 pic8. Larger scale

It seems this line has very high loses…

Storage element using magnetic field

I am continuing exploration of my crazy idea about synergetic systems. So far I was trying use charge and store it in capacitor. Here I am considering possibility store energy in a coil.

Energy stored in magnetic field W = L I 2 / 2

pic1. Model

119

pic2. no "accumulation"

pic3. L1/L2 ratio should be greater than the duty cycle

120 pic4. There is "accumulation"

pic5. Experimental setup

pic6. Experiment schematic

121 pic7. top – input pulses, bottom – on diode no accumulation occurs

pic7. no accumulation should try to wind more turns…

122 Looking for charge source

After realizing that simple LC circuit can’t be used for synergetic system directly I am still searching for good charge source or pump. ”Long line” is an interesting possibility but it is very technological challenging. Here I am trying use a fluorescent lamp and vacuum tube (in unusual configuration) as a charge source.

Fluorescent lamp

pic1. +300v DC source

pic2. Experimental setup with fluorescent lamp

123

pic3. I had to burn filament on one side to get two electrodes

* I got 30-100uA current and up to 30v voltage on capacitor

pic4. Optimistic device concept

Using several bulbs in parallel (or some other construction) could increase output current

100uA * 10KV = 1W 1mA * 10KV = 10W 10mA * 10KV = 100W

124

Tiger2007’s experiment

pic5. tiger2007’s experiment (see 1)

pic6. Later experiment with different tube

125

Vacuum tube

Vacuum tube is a ready available device which potentially can be used as charge source. I am trying it in different modes to find one which works better.

DC mode

pic7. Experimental schematic

pic8. heater transformer pic9. Experimental setup

EL84 (6П14 П) gives about 2ua regardless of the voltage on the second grid.

126

Pulse mode

pic10. Experiment schematic

pic11. grids

frequency about 12kHz

pic12. anode

127 pic13. anode (larger scale)

pic14. with heater off seems that the lamp behaves like a capacitor

pic15. larger scale

128

pic16. Tried this setup also

* But setup on pic10 works better * Tried EL84 (6 П14 П) and EL83 (6 П15 П) with almost same results

Electrostatic spraying

pic17. in theory can be used for charge transfer (picture from 2)

129 pic18. As it turned out the whole thing in the selection of the proper fluid

pic19. Experiment

* I use 10 KV source * There is current but quite small 0.2-0.5ua * Placing of "receiving" electrode closer increases current to 1.1ua * It seems that current is determined by ionization and not by liquid

130

Links: 1. Tiger2007 experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=4KG3USFCkEA

2. Israstatic web site https://sites.google.com/site/israstatic/israstaticeng

131 Chapter 8. Displacement currents

Some reading to start

Micro's idea https://www.dropbox.com/s/z0ggy7lmijd7gqd/micro.pdf

Tiger2007's device https://www.dropbox.com/s/7xee8fg4dq6xzmj/tiger2007_1.pdf

Another Tiger2007's device https://www.dropbox.com/s/c6hmfck0099slxp/tiger2007_2.pdf

Bifilar extraction with capacitor

pic1. Idea from FE LT video

Here a variation of anti-aligned bifilar coils which I am trying to use to extract reactive power without affecting resonance circuit.

pic2. Experiment schematic

132 pic3. Experimental setup

pic4. «capacitor plates» aligned in transformer

pic5. «capacitor plates» anti- aligned in transformer

133 pic6. aligned connection – voltage significantly lower

pic7. increasing frequency, get resonance

pic8. Possible variants of reactive power extraction

134

pic9. One more variant

Negative inductance

While experimenting with coil-capacitors I noticed that it is quite easy to observe negative inductance. Here results for two N30 ring cores (35 and 55mm diameter).

pic1. Experimental setup

pic2. top - voltage bottom – current (sense resistor 50ohm)

135

136

pic3. Experiment with smaller core

pic4. top - voltage bottom – current (sense resistor 1k)

pic5. top - voltage bottom – current (sense resistor 1ohm)

137 One directional displacement current

Some people think that if we manage to get one directional current in transformer secondary there will be no reaction on primary from load. Here I am trying to get one directional pulses with coil-capacitor.

pic1. Charging with one end, discharging with another

pic2. Experimental setup

138 pic3. top – driver, bottom – output

still there is some negative offset

May be 3-phase version will work?

pic4. 3 phase variant. Will give DC on the output?

139 Current from the ”ground”

Here I am trying to build a circuit which will pump charges from the ground.

pic1. Black – charge, red - discharge

pic2. Experimental setup

140

pic3. Experiment schematic

pic5. top – driver pulse, pic6. smaller scale bottom – FB output pic7. top – driver pulse, bottom – on capacitor

141 pic8. top - driver pulse, bottom – output of second FB

(diode on capacitor ground shorted)

pic9. diode on capacitor ground not pic10. diode on capacitor ground shorted not shorted and massive metal piece attached (real grounding replacement)

142 Chapter 9. Spark gap

Some reading for beginning

D.I. about sparks https://www.dropbox.com/s/wh2x1hp9yqfd46n/di.pdf

Driver for spark gap

pic1. Pulse generator, variant 1

* it turned out that it is necessary to use 7555 timer, it is much faster

pic2. Improved pulse generator

143

pic3. Experimental setup

* Pulse generator and two irf840 in parallel * Coaxial transformer 10 ring cores * Secondary – 10 turns

pic4. Spark plug

* There is 5 к resistor inside

144 pic5. top – driver pulse, bottom - output

pic6. no spark

pic7. spark (larger scale)

145

pic8. Improved schematic

Driver version 2

This driver was described in FE basics (chapter 2 HV power source)

pic9. Experimental setup

pic10. positive pulse

discharge starts ”easily” and gives good voltage on capacitor, also ”easily” stops

C = 0.1uF / 6 R = 66k

146 pic11. on the load resistor

pic12. in a sense it is also a negative resistance - with each spark potential difference decreases – and discharge starts easier

Surprisingly that the pulse of negative polarity behaves differently

pic13. need higher voltage breakdown and seems give less voltage on capacitor

147 pic14. also discharge ”don’t want” to stop

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Good luck and have fun ☺

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