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International Standards on-line at www.saiglobal.com/shop AS 4005.1—2000 A S

400 5. 1

Australian Standard™

Training and certification of recreational divers

Part 1: Minimum entry-level Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ThisAustralianStandardwaspreparedbyCommitteeCS/83,RecreationalUnderwater Diving.ItwasapprovedonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsAustraliaon 17January2000andpublishedon1March2000.

ThefollowinginterestsarerepresentedonCommitteeCS/83: AustralianDiveCouncil AustralianMedicalAssociation AustralianUnderwaterFederation AustralianUnderwaterScubaInstructors TheBritishSub-AquaClub DepartmentofEmployment,TrainingandIndustrialRelations,Qld DepartmentofSportandRecreation,N.S.W. DiveQueensland DiversAlertNetworkSEAsia-Pacific MaritimeUnionofAustralia NationalAssociationofScubaDivingSchoolsAustralasia NauiServicesAustralia PADIAsiaPacific ScubaDiversAssociationofNewSouthWales ScubaSchoolsInternationalAustralia SDIAustraliaandNewZealand SouthPacificUnderwaterMedicineSociety WorkCoverNewSouthWales

KeepingStandardsup-to-date Standardsarelivingdocumentswhichreflectprogressinscience,technologyand systemsTomaintaintheircurrency,allStandardsareperiodicallyreviewed,andnew editionsarepublished.Betweeneditions,amendmentsmaybeissued.Standardsmay alsobewithdrawn.Itisimportantthatreadersassurethemselvestheyareusinga currentStandard,whichshouldincludeanyamendmentswhichmayhavebeen publishedsincetheStandardwaspurchased. DetailedinformationaboutStandardscanbefoundbyvisitingtheStandardsAustralia websiteatwww.standards.com.auandlookinguptherelevantStandardintheon-line catalogue. Alternatively,theprintedCatalogueprovidesinformationcurrentat1Januaryeach year,andthemonthlymagazine,TheAustralianStandard,hasafulllistingof revisionsandamendmentspublishedeachmonth. WealsowelcomesuggestionsfortheimprovementinourStandards,andespecially encouragereaderstonotifyusimmediatelyofanyapparentinaccuraciesor [email protected],orwritetotheChief Executive,StandardsAustraliaInternationalLtd,POBox1055,Strathfield, NSW2135.

ThisStandardwasissuedindraftformforcommentasDR98559. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. AS 4005.1—2000

Australian Standard™

Training and certification of recreational divers Part 1: Minimum entry-level SCUBA diving

Originated as AS 4005.1— 1992. Second edition 2000.

COPYRIGHT © Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd

Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia ISBN 0 7337 3268 2 AS 4005.1—2000 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by Standards Australia Committee CS/83, Recreational , to supersede AS 4005.1—1992. The Standard was originally prepared in response to a request by the Australian Underwater Federation (AUF). The AUF expressed concern about the wide differences between courses being taught in Australia. The major changes in this edition of the Standard are as follows: (a) Removal of the reference to the National SCUBA Qualifications Commission. (b) Reorganization of the in-water skills training to require some of the exercises to be carried out in a pool or confined water. (c) Replacement of the medical certificate with a medical statement which provides more information to the candidate and the instructor. On successful completion of training to the requirements of this Standard, the graduate should be able to dive safely and competently under reasonably controlled conditions. Training by itself, however, cannot convert a graduate into a fully competent diver. With all diving, this requires further experience, as it is only by reinforcing the skills and knowledge acquired during training that the graduate will become fully competent. Graduates should be aware of the need for area orientation at dive sites which are new to them and seek information on the local area and conditions before planning a dive. Additional training for other special types of may also be undertaken subsequent to certification as an entry-level diver. Some of these specialties are advanced recreational, cavern, deep, ice and , various levels of instructor certification, underwater naturalist and . The illustrations for the handsignals shown in Appendix E are reproduced with the permission of PADI Asia Pacific Ltd. This Standard is Part 1 of a series on training and certification of recreational divers. The series is as follows: Part 1: Minimum entry-level SCUBA diving (this Standard) Part 2: Recreational SCUBA dive supervisor Part 3: Assistant SCUBA instructor Part 4: SCUBA instructor Part 5: SCUBA instructor trainer The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. 3 AS 4005.1— 2000

CONTENTS Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE ...... 4 1.2 OBJECTIVE ...... 4 1.3 APPLICATION ...... 4 1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ...... 4 1.5 DEFINITIONS ...... 5 1.6 SELECTION CRITERIA ...... 5

SECTION 2 TERMINAL OBJECTIVES AND TRAINING TOPICS 2.1 TRAINING COURSE ...... 6 2.2 OPEN WATER TRAINING DIVES FOR TABLE 2.4 ...... 6 2.3 OPEN WATER TRAINING TIMES FOR TABLE 2.4 ...... 6

SECTION 3 TRAINING PLAN, ASSESSMENT, EQUIPMENT AND OPEN WATER DIVING 3.1 DEVELOPING THE TRAINING PLAN ...... 12 3.2 STANDARDS OF INSTRUCTION AND COMPETENCE OF INSTRUCTORS ...... 12 3.3 EQUIPMENT ...... 12 3.4 OPEN WATER DIVING ...... 13

APPENDICES A PREDIVING MEDICAL EXAMINATION FOR PROSPECTIVE RECREATIONAL SCUBA DIVERS ...... 14 B TYPICAL MEDICAL FORM FOR PROSPECTIVE RECREATIONAL SCUBA DIVERS ...... 19 C ADVICE TO THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN ...... 24 D SPECIALIST CONTACTS ...... 25 E COMMUNICATION SIGNALS ...... 27 Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. AS4005.1—2000 4

STANDARDSAUSTRALIA

AustralianStandard Trainingandcertificationofrecreationaldivers

Part1:Minimumentry-levelSCUBAdiving

SECTION1 SCOPEANDGENERAL

1.1SCOPEThisStandardspecifiestheminimumtrainingactivitiesandterminal objectivesrequiredfortrainingandaccreditationofpersonswhowish,forrecreational purposes,to— (a) divesafelyandcompetentlyusingself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus (SCUBA)intheareainwhichtrainingwasundertaken;and (b) engageinopenwaterSCUBAdivingwithadiverofsimilarqualifications,without supervision. NOTES: 1 Wheneverdiversencounteranewdivingenvironmenttheyareencouragedtoseek orientationtothenewconditionsandlocaldivingpractices. 2 Personswishingtoengageinotherformsofrecreationaldivingoruseequipmentotherthan compressedairSCUBAwillrequiretrainingotherthanthatcoveredinthisStandard. 3 ConditionalcertificationisaddressedinClause1.6(a).

1.2OBJECTIVETheobjectiveofthisStandardistospecifytheorganizationaland syllabusrequirementstotrainrecreationaldiverstooperatesafelyandcompetentlytoa depthofdiveof18musingSCUBA.

1.3APPLICATIONThetrainingspecifiedinthisStandardappliestodivingin reasonableenvironmentalconditionswhichallowdirectandimmediateaccesstothe surface.

1.4REFERENCEDDOCUMENTSThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhis Standard: AS 2030 Theverification,filling,inspection,testingandmaintenanceofcylindersfor thestorageandtransportofcompressedgases 2030.1 Part1:Cylindersforcompressedgasesotherthanacetylene 4005 Trainingandcertificationofrecreationaldivers 4005.2 Part2:RecreationalSCUBAdivesupervisor 4005.3 Part3:AssistantSCUBAinstructor 4005.4 Part4:SCUBAinstructor AS/NZS 2299 Occupationaldivingoperations 2299.1 Part1:Standardoperationalpractice Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 5 AS4005.1—2000

1.5DEFINITIONSForthepurposeofthisStandard,thedefinitionsbelowapply. 1.5.1Certifiedassistant—anindividualwhohasundergoneformaltrainingtoassista SCUBAinstructorinthedirectionandguidanceoftraineesduringopenwatertraining divesasoutlinedinClause3.4. NOTE:BothAS4005.2andAS4005.3covertheappropriatecompetencies. 1.5.2Confinedwater—anybodyofwaterofferingswimming-pool-likeconditionswith respecttoclarity,calmness,current,depthandadequateaccesstowatershallowenough tostandupin. 1.5.3Directsupervision—thein-watervisualobservationandevaluationoftraineeskill performancebyaSCUBAinstructorinapositiontorenderassistanceandguidance. 1.5.4Entry-leveldiver—anindividualwhohascompletedallrequirementsofan entry-levelcertificationcourse. 1.5.5Openwater—anybodyofwaterwhichissubjecttowind,swellorwavesand whichcanbeusedfordivinginstruction. 1.5.6Quickrelease—describesadeviceormechanismwhichcanbeimmediately releasedfromthesecuredpositionbyasingleoperationofonehand. 1.5.7SCUBA—compressedair,open-circuit,self-containedunderwaterbreathing apparatus. 1.5.8SCUBAinstructor—anindividualwhohasundergoneformaltrainingtoteach recreationalSCUBAdivingandauthorizeandissuerecreationalSCUBAcertification. NOTE:AS4005.4coverstrainingofSCUBAinstructors. 1.5.9Shall—indicatesthatastatementismandatory. 1.5.10Should—indicatesarecommendation. 1.5.11Terminalobjectives—whatthetraineeneedstoknoworbeabletodoon completionofthetrainingcourse. 1.5.12Trainingobjectives—specifictasksthetraineeneedstocompleteorknowledge thetraineeneedstogaintomeettherequirementsoftheterminalobjectives.

1.6SELECTION CRITERIAThe trainee shall comply with the following requirements: (a) Beatleast14yearsofage. Personswhohavereached12yearsofagemayinsomecasesbeeligibletotrainfor conditionalcertificationwhichallowstheyoungpersontodivewithacertified diverwiththeconsentofparentsorguardians. (b) Effectivelydemonstratea10minperiodoffloating/treadingwaterwithouttheuse ofmask,fins,,orflotationequipment. (c) Becertifiedasbeingmedicallyfitfordivingbyamedicalpractitionerinaccordance withAppendixA,within12monthspriortocommencementoftraining. NOTE:Anoriginalstatementofhealthoraverifiedcopyshouldbeprovidedbythetrainee. (d) Beforecertification,demonstratetheabilitytoswim200monthesurface(any style)withouttheuseofmask,fins,snorkel,orflotationequipment. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 6

SECTION2 TERMINALOBJECTIVES ANDTRAININGTOPICS

2.1TRAININGCOURSEThetrainingcourseshallbestructuredsothat,upon completion,thetraineeisabletoachievetheterminalobjectivessetoutinTables2.1 to2.4.ThecourseshallincludealltrainingobjectivessetoutintheseTables.Training shallbegivenbyaSCUBAinstructorqualifiedinaccordancewithClause3.2.

2.2OPENWATERTRAININGDIVESFORTABLE2.4Theunderwaterskill evaluationphaseofeachopenwatertrainingdiveshallbeunderthedirectsupervisionof aninstructor.Thebalanceofeachdivemaybeunderthedirectsupervisionofacertified assistant.Eachdiveshallbecommencedwithanapprovedaircylinderfilledtowithin 10%ofitsmaximumfillingpressure. Anopenwatertrainingdiveshallconsistofadiveofatleast20minunderwatertimeto depthsofbetween4mand18m.

2.3OPENWATERTRAININGTIMESFORTABLE2.4Duringthecourseof meetingtheobjectivesoutlinedinTable2.4,thetraineeshallaccumulatenotlessthan 100minofunderwaterSCUBAexperienceinopenwater. NOTE:Thistimedoesnotincludeskillstraininginapoolorconfinedwater. Thetrainingtimeshallbegainedduringfourormoreopenwaterdives.Duringtwoof thesedives,thetraineeshalldescendtodepthsbetween10mand18m.Atleastoneof thesedivesshouldbetothedepthofbetween15mand18mandoneshouldbemade fromaboat. NOTE:Itshouldbenotedthattheamountofunderwatertime,thenumberofdivesandthe depthsneededforcompetencemayvary.Indeterminingthesedetails,theinstructorandthe trainingagencyneedtotakeintoaccountthatthetrainingisforcompetenceto18mand additionalunderwatertimeordivesmayberequired. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 7 AS4005.1—2000

TABLE2.1 PHYSICSOFDIVING

Terminalobjectives Trainingobjectives

Theoverallstandardtobeachievedbytheendof Specifictopicstobecoveredandtaskstobe training(shallbeableto—) completedduringtrainingtomeettherequirements oftheterminalobjectives

Demonstrateanunderstandingofthefollowing conceptsandtheirapplicationtodiving:

2.1.1 Relationshipbetweenpressure,volumeand Explainthevolumechangeswithchangingdepths airdensity andpressure

2.1.2 Relationshipbetweenpressureand Explainthepressurechangeswithchangesin temperature

2.1.3 Partialpressureofgases Explainthepartialpressureofgasesatdifferent depths

2.1.4 Solubilityofgases Explainthesolubilityeffectofgasesinliquidsand theneedfordecompression

2.1.5 Explainbuoyancyandthefactorsthatinfluence buoyancy

2.1.6 Lightandsound Explainthebehaviouroflightandsound underwater

2.1.7 Heatloss Explainheatlossandthefactorswhichaffectit Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 8

TABLE2.2 GENERALREQUIREMENTSFORDIVING

Terminalobjectives Trainingobjectives

Theoverallstandardtobeachievedbytheendof Specifictopicstobecoveredandtaskstobe training(shallbeableto—) completedduringtrainingtomeettherequirements oftheterminalobjectives.

Demonstrateanunderstandingofthefollowing:

2.2.1 Thebasicprinciplesandsafetyrulesfor (a) Explainvarioussafetyrulesrequiredfor SCUBAdiving diving,diveplanning,andthe‘buddy’ system

(b) Explaintheimportanceofmaintaining properphysicalconditioningfordivingand theactionstotakebeforeresumingdiving afteraperiodofinactivity

2.2.2 Thesafeinterpretationandprudentuseof (a) Demonstratetheuseofdecompression decompressiontablesordevicesforplanning proceduresoradivetableforsingleand no-decompressiondives repetitivedivesusingcurrentdecompression data

(b) Explaintheuseofsafetystopsonascent, emergencydecompression,flyingafter divingandgeneralsafetyrules

2.2.3 Thehazardsassociatedwithdivinginareas (a) Defineandexplainthevarioustypesof wheretides,currents,rips,man-made hazardsinthewaterenvironmentandin structures,andsimilar,arelikelytobe particularthoselikelytobefoundinand experienced aroundrockyorreefareas,surfbeaches, boats,jetties,piers,lakes,damsand pipelinesandthesafetyprecautions necessaryforeach

(b) Explainentryandexitfrombeach,jetty, rockyshore,surfbeachandboats

(c) Explaincorrectboatdivingprocedures

(d) Explaintheneedforareaorientation

(e) Explaintheimportanceofconservationand localorStateregulationsandrequirements pertainingtotheareaoftraining

2.2.4 Thebasicprinciplesofcommunication DemonstratehandsignalsasgiveninAppendixE

2.2.5 Thebasicprinciplesofairconsumptionasit Estimate,fordiveplanningpurposes,theduration affectsthedurationofdives ofadive,consideringthefactorswhichinfluence airconsumption

2.2.6 Emergencyprocedures (a) Explainproceduresforproblemprevention andmanagementincludinglostbuddy, equipmentmalfunction,entanglementand preferredoptionsinalowairoranout-of- airemergency

(b) Explaindangersoffreeascent

2.2.7 Documentation Explainthenecessitytoalwaysusealogbook Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 9 AS4005.1—2000

TABLE2.3 THEPHYSIOLOGYOFDIVINGANDFIRSTAID

Terminalobjectives Trainingobjectives Theoverallstandardtobeachievedbytheendof Specifictopicstobecoveredandtaskstobe training(shallbeableto—) completedduringtrainingtomeettherequirementsof theterminalobjectives Demonstrateanunderstandingofthefollowing: 2.3.1 Thebasicneedforandproblemsassociated Recognizethecauses,signs,symptoms,prevention withmaintainingthenormalbodytemperature andtreatmentoftemperatureextremes ofthediver 2.3.2 Thebasictechniquesofresuscitationand Explainproceduresforrecoveryofanon- SCUBArescue SCUBAdiver,fromdepth NOTE:Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoundertakea fullCPR/firstaidcourse 2.3.3 Thesymptomsandtreatmentfor injuries/illnesscausedbycontactwith (a) Explaineffectsofvarioustypesofvenomon dangerousmarineanimals thehumanphysiology (b) Explainprecautionsrequiredinavoidinginjury frommarineanimalsanddemonstratea knowledgeofthefirstaidrequiredifinjured 2.3.4 Thedangersofbreathingairatdepth (a) Explainimportanceofairpurity (b) Explainproblemsassociatedwithdiffering partialpressuresofvariousgasesincluding ,nitrogen,carbondioxide,carbon monoxide,andothercontaminantsofbreathing air (c) Explainthedangerofnitrogennarcosis (d) Explainthedangersofhyperventilation (e) Explainthedangersofasnorkeldiver obtainingairfromasubmergedSCUBAdiver 2.3.5 Theeffectsofdivingonthehumanbodyand (a) Demonstrateanunderstandingofthecauses, theapplicationoffirstaidtreatmentintypical signs,symptoms,prevention,andtreatmentof divingemergencies thefollowing: decompressionillness arterialgasembolism near- vomitingunderwater stress fatigue carotidsinusreflex carbondioxidetoxicity carbonmonoxidetoxicity salt-wateraspiration shock seasickness controlofbleeding thermalstress (b) Explainthehazardsoftheuseofdrugs, alcohol,medicationsandsmokingin associationwithdiving (c) Explainimportanceofknowingthelocation andphonenumbersofemergencyfacilities suchasthoselistedinAppendixD (d) Explaintransportationproceduresfor emergencytreatment Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 10

TABLE2.4 USEOFSCUBADIVINGEQUIPMENT

Terminalobjectives Trainingobjectives Theoverallstandardtobeachievedbytheendof Specifictopicstobecoveredandtaskstobe training(shallbeableto—) completedduringtrainingtomeettherequirementsof theterminalobjectives Demonstratecompetencyinthefollowing: 2.4.1 ThebasicprinciplesofSCUBAandassociated (a) Demonstrateandexplainthefunctionand divingequipment,usermaintenance,and operationofSCUBAandassociateddiving preparationofequipmentforuse equipment (b) Demonstratethepreparationofdiving equipmentforuseandthepredivetesting procedurestocheckequipmentfordefects (c) Demonstratesafetyproceduresforhandling equipment (d) Demonstratepostdiveprocedures,including careandmaintenanceofequipment 2.4.2 SCUBAskillsinapoolorconfinedwater Demonstratecompetencyinthefollowing: environment (a) Entriesandexits (b) Properweighting (c) Mouthpiececlearing—bothsnorkeland regulator (d) Regulator/snorkelexchangeatsurface (e) Controlleddescentsandascents (f) Maskclearing,includingremovaland replacement (g) Underwaterbreathingwithoutamaskfora minimumof15s (h) Buddysystemtechniques (i) Buoyancycompensationdeviceoperation (j) Underwaterbuoyancycontrol (k) Surfacebuoyancycontrol (l) Regulatorrecovery/retrieval (m) Surfacesnorkelswimwithfulldivingsystem (n) Surfaceoperationofthequick-release/ emergencyfunctionoftheweightsystem (o) Removalandreplacementoftheweight/ballast system (p) RemovalandreplacementoftheSCUBAunit (q) Outofairemergencyalternatives (r) Finremovalandreplacement (s) Monitoringairconsumptionandairsupply (continued) Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 11 AS4005.1—2000

TABLE2.4(continued)

Terminalobjectives Trainingobjectives Theoverallstandardtobeachievedbytheendof Specifictopicstobecoveredandtaskstobe training(shallbeableto—) completedduringtrainingtomeettherequirementsof theterminalobjectives 2.4.3 Divingsafelyandcompetentlyinopenwater (a) Demonstrateasmanyentryandexitstylesas whileusingSCUBA possibleinthearea (b) Demonstrateunderwater,breathingwithouta maskforaminimumof15s (c) Demonstrateabilitytopreventexhaustionof airsupplywhileSCUBAdivingby—

(i) monitoringairconsumptionandair supply;and

(ii) ascendingwhenapredeterminedlevel ofairremains (d) Demonstrateabilitytonavigateunderwater (e) Demonstratecompetenceinswimmingonthe surfacewhilewearingbutnotusingSCUBA. Thismaybedemonstratedbymaintaining positioninacurrentfor5minorbyswimming adistanceof100m. (f) Demonstratebuddysystemtechniques (g) Demonstrateuseofanalternativeairsource withanotherdiverwhileunderwater NOTE:Theotherdivershouldbeanother traineewheneverpossible (h) Demonstrateneutralbuoyancy,onthesurface, withthebuoyancycompensatordeflated (i) Demonstratecorrectuseofbuoyancy compensatoratsurface,atdepth,andduring safetystops,ascentanddescent (j) Demonstratecorrectremovalandreplacement ofweightingsystemandSCUBAunitatthe surface NOTE:WeightingsystemandSCUBAunitdo nothavetoberemovedatthesametime (k) Demonstrate,underwater,theclearingofwater fromaregulator (l) Demonstratetheprocedureforregaininga regulatorwhichhasfallenbehindtheshoulder 2.4.4 Assistingadistresseddiver (a) Toworassistadiversimulatingexhaustionfor notlessthan25m,callforhelpandprepare forlanding (b) Demonstratecrampreleasetechniques NOTES: 1Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoundertake afullCPR/firstaidcourse 2Thesetasksmaybeconductedeitherin openwaterorinapoolorconfinedwater environment Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 12

SECTION3 TRAININGPLAN, ASSESSMENT,EQUIPMENTANDOPEN WATERDIVING

3.1DEVELOPINGTHETRAININGPLAN 3.1.1GeneralThisClause(3.1)givespracticalhelpandguidancetodivingschoolsor organizationsdevelopingandrunningSCUBAtrainingprograms. 3.1.2CompliancewithotherregulationsandStandardsThetrainingplanshould ensurethatthetrainingtasksandterminalobjectivestakeaccountoftheneedtoobserve relevantregulationsissuedbyregulatoryauthoritiesandtherequirementsofotherrelevant AustralianStandards,e.g.AS2030.1. 3.1.3TrainingrecordsTrainingrecordsshallbekept.Thetrainingrecordprovidesa simplemethodofrecordingthecurrentlevelofcompetenceofthetraineeandidentifies theadditionaltrainingrequiredtosatisfythetrainingstandard. Thetrainingrecordshallincludethefollowing: (a) Personaldetails(name,address,dateofbirth,sex). (b) Dateofmedicalexaminationandnameofexaminingmedicalpractitioner. (c) Courseidentification. (d) Recordofexaminationsfordivingtheoryandout-of-waterassessment. (e) Recordoftrainingactivities,e.g.dives,attendances,class,poolorconfinedwater sessions,openwatersessions,andaccumulatedunderwatertime. (f) Dateofcertification. (g) Namesandqualificationsofinstructorsandassistants. 3.1.4CourseoutlineAnoutlinedetailingcoursecontentshallbeissuedtothetrainee priortocommencementoftraining.

3.2 STANDARDS OF INSTRUCTION AND COMPETENCE OF INSTRUCTORSAllSCUBAinstructorsshallhaveundergoneformaltrainingfor SCUBAinstruction. NOTE:SCUBAinstructioniscoveredinAS4005.4.

3.3EQUIPMENT 3.3.1TraineeequipmentTheminimumequipmentforeachtraineeduringinstruction inopenwatershallincludethefollowing: (a) Fins. (b) Mask. (c) Snorkel(attachableorattachedtomask). (d) CompressedaircylinderandvalveasapprovedinaccordancewithAS2030.1. (e) BuoyancycontroldevicewithSCUBA-feedinflatordesignedtomaintainthehead abovewatersurfacewheninflated. (f) Backpack,ifappropriate. (g) Regulator. (h) Alternativeairsource. (i) Submersibledepthandcylinderpressureindicators. (j) Quick-releaseweightsystem. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 13 AS4005.1—2000

(k) Exposureprotection,asappropriate. (l) Timingdevice. Inaddition,theequipmentforthetraineeduringinstructionshouldincludethefollowing: (A) Compass/directionmonitor. (B) Cuttingimplement. 3.3.2InstructorequipmentTheminimumequipmenttobewornbyaSCUBA instructorwhileconductingtraininginopenwatershallincludeallitemsgivenin Clause3.3.1plus— (a) aslateandwritingimplement; (b) anemergencysignallingdevice,e.g.flag,safetysausageorwhistle;and (c) adequatemeansforassessingdecompressionstatus,e.g.decompressiontablesora divecomputer. 3.3.3TrainingequipmentFortraininginvolvingdivingfromaboatthefollowing equipment,beyondthatrequiredbytherelevantregulatoryauthority,shallbeavailable: (a) Highlyvisiblefloatwithamermaidline. (b) Descent/ascentlineincorporatingasafetystopfacility. (c) Decompressiontablesoralternativemeansofcalculatingdecompressionobligations. (d) Notebookandpen. (e) Datummarker,e.g.globalpositioningsystem(GPS)orasuitablyweightedlinewith afloatwhichcanbeusedtomarkaposition. (f) SparefullychargedSCUBAunit. Boatsusedfordivertrainingshallcomplywiththerequirementsoftheregulatory authorityandshallbeattendedatalltimesbyacompetentattendant. NOTE:Whendivingfromaplatformoravesselthatcannotreadilyaccessthediversitis recommendedthatapick-upboatbeavailableonsite. 3.3.4EmergencyfirstaidequipmentDuringalltrainingdivingoperations,the followingequipmentshallbereadilyavailablealongwithacompetentoperator: (a) Firstaidsuppliessuitablefortreatingdivinginjuries. (b) Aresuscitatorcapableofprovidinganinspiredoxygenconcentrationofascloseas practicalto100%toapatientwhoisbreathingspontaneouslyandcapableof providinganinspiredoxygenconcentrationinexcessof50%toanon-breathing patient.Sufficientoxygenshallbeavailabletosupplytheresuscitatortakinginto accountthelocationofthedivesiteandaccesstomedicalfacilities.

3.4OPENWATERDIVINGAllopenwatertrainingdivesshallbeconductedduring daylighthoursandinwaterwhichallowsdirectandimmediateaccesstothesurface. Divesshallnotbeconductedincaves,caverns,wrecks,orunderice. Traineesshallnotparticipateinmorethanthreeopenwatertrainingdivesonanygiven day.NoadditionalSCUBAdivestoexpandSCUBAexperienceshallbeconducteduntil theminimumentry-levelrequirementshavebeenmet. Themaximumnumberoftraineesforin-watertraininginopenwatershallnotexceed eighttraineesperSCUBAinstructorortentraineesperSCUBAinstructorwithacertified assistant.Additionalassistantsmaybeused.However,noadditionaltraineesshallbe addedtotheresponsibilityoftheindividualSCUBAinstructor.Afterthefirsttraining dive,traineesmaybeaccompaniedbyacertifiedassistant,ataratioofnogreaterthan twotraineespercertifiedassistantduringthetourportionofthedives. Ratiosmayneedtobereducedduetowaterconditionsorstudentrequirements. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 14

APPENDIXA PREDIVINGMEDICALEXAMINATIONFORPROSPECTIVE RECREATIONALSCUBADIVERS (Normative)

A1INTRODUCTIONThemedicalcriteriadiscussedinthisAppendixarerelevant onlytoexaminationofindividualsconsideringrecreationalSCUBAdivingandare addressedtoregisteredmedicalpractitioners.Themedicalcriteriadiscussedinthis Appendixareinnowayexhaustive.Thetrainedpersonnelcarryingoutthemedicalsare expectedtousetheirowndiscretion.Criteriaformedicalexaminationofpersons intendingtotrainforoccupationaldivingaregiveninAS/NZS2299.1. Themedicalexaminationshouldbeconductedbyamedicalpractitionerwhohasdonean approvedcourseoftrainingformedicallyexaminingcandidatesforrecreationaldiving training.Intheabsenceofregulationbytherelevantregulatoryauthorityforapprovalof trainingcourses,theBoardofCensorsoftheSouthPacificUnderwaterMedicineSociety (SPUMS)shallbetheauthorityapprovingcourses. NOTE:SPUMSpublishesalistofitsmemberswhohavereceivedappropriatequalifications andwhocarryoutdivingmedicals. IntheeventofanydifficultyininterpretingtheStandardorifitisconsideredthatthe candidatemaynotbesuitablefordiving,consultationshouldoccurwithaspecialist divingphysician,thatis,onewhoholdstheDiplomaofDivingandHyperbaricMedicine (DDHM)oranacceptableoverseasequivalent,whomayalso,ifappropriate,referthe candidatetoaspecialistinthemedicalareaunderquestion,e.g.otologist,cardiologistor respiratoryphysician,ifsuchaspecialistalsohasanappreciationoftherequirementsof compressedairdiving. Theexaminationshallbecarriedoutbeforethecandidatefirstusescompressedair underwater.Preferablyitshouldbecarriedoutpriortocommencementofanytrainingin caseadecisionofunfitnessdisqualifiesthecandidate. ResultsofanynecessarychestX-rayandspecialisttestsoropinionshallbeknownbefore astatementoffitnesstodiveisissued.Theseresultsshouldbeavailableatthetimeof examination. Therecordofexaminationshallberetainedbythemedicalpractitioner.Astatementof fitnesstodive,unfitnessortemporaryunfitness,pendingfurtherexamination,shallbe giventothecandidate.Thestatementshallshowthedateofexamination,themedical practitioner’sname,contactdetailsandsignature.Atypicalmedicalformwiththe statementattheendofthemedicalformisshowninAppendixB.Anymedicalproblems likelytoinfluencethediver’ssafetyshouldbeincludedinthesectionmarked‘Advice’on themedicalexaminationform. Thetrainingestablishmentshallholdarecordofthestatementoffitnesstodive,andthe nameandaddressofthemedicalpractitionerwhoperformedthatexamination.

A2NEEDFORFITNESSCRITERIAAlthoughrecreationaldivingmaybe undertakeninarelativelynon-arduousfashion,survivalofunexpectedemergencies underwater,oronthesurface,willdependupontraining,mentalstability,andphysical andmedicalfitness. Physicalfitnessisnotsynonymouswithfitnesstodive.Anydisorderwhichcausesan increasedriskofsuddendeath,impairedconsciousness,impairedjudgement,riskof disorientation,impairedmobility,riskofbarotraumaorriskofdecompressionsickness mayrenderapersonunfitforSCUBAdiving. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 15 AS4005.1—2000

Diversareexposedtopressuresandrelatedphysiologicalchangeswhichdonotapplyto personsinvolvedinotheractivities.Ambientpressureat10mdepthinseawaterisdouble thatatthesurface,andpressurechangescapableofcausingtissuetearinginunvented lungregionscanoccuruponascentfromaslittleas1mdepth. Asdivingiscarriedoutinanon-respirableenvironment,anylossofconsciousnessis likelytoresultindrowning. Specificstandardsarethereforerequired.Certainconditionsareabsolutecontraindications todiving(somerelativecontraindicationsexistwhichmaynotpermanentlypreclude diving).Ifinthecourseofamedicalexaminationanysuchriskfactorsareidentified,the prospectivedivershallbetoldoftheconditionsandinformedastothehazardsand advisablerestrictionsassociatedwiththeseconditionsasregardsdiving.

A3ADVISORYNOTESConditionalstatementsofhealthshouldnotbegiven.Advice withregardstolimitationsmaybegiventothecandidateandshouldbewrittenonthe medicalexaminationformasadviceonly.Asthegreatestproportionatepressurechanges occurinwaterclosetothesurface,certificatesrestrictingcandidatestoshallowwater only,orinterimcertificatesfor‘trainingdivesonly’shallnotbeissued.Severepulmonary overpressureincidentshaveoccurredinaslittleas1mofwater. Limitationsmaybeappliedtodepthsinexcessof18m,ordecompressionrequirements, aslongastheserestrictionsdonotpreventthecandidatefrombeingcertifiedaccordingto theinstructororganization’srequirements.

A4FITNESSCRITERIA A4.1GeneralThebodilysystemsoutlinedinParagraphsA4.2toA4.14shouldbe evaluatedfromthediver’shistoryandthemedicalexamination.Theexampleformand medicalstatementgiveninAppendixBmaybecopiedforusebymedicalpractitioners. TheinformationandquestionsontheformshowninAppendixBshallformtheminimum contentofanyalternativeformusedforthemedicalexamination. NOTE:IfthemedicalformisnotaccompaniedbyacopyofthisStandard,theadvicetothe examiningphysicianshowninAppendixC,orsimilarinformation,shouldbeincludedaspartof theform. A4.2AgeTheminimumageforentry-levelSCUBAdivingshouldbe14years. Childrenundertheageof16shouldonlybemedicallyexaminedafterconsultationbythe doctorwithaparentorguardiantoestablishthechild’sphysicalandpsychological maturity.Betweentheagesof16and18itispreferabletoconsultwithaparentor guardianbeforemedicallyexaminingthechild.Noupperagelimitappliesprovidedthat allmedicalstandardscanbemet. Thecardiovascularfitnessandpulmonaryreservesofpersonsover45yearsofageshould beexaminedcarefully;emergencysituationsmaydemandahighdegreeoffitness.In addition,olderdivershaveanincreasedsusceptibilitytodysbaricillnessandcardiac death.Areductionindecompressionstressisrequiredwithincreasingage. A4.3PhysicalfitnessConsiderationshallbegiventothecandidatehavingadequate reservesofphysicalfitnesstocopewiththeunexpecteddemandsinflictedbyadverse weatherorseaconditions,surfacingawayfromaboat,havingtoaidadistressedbuddy, orotheremergencies. A4.4ObesityObesitymayimplyalackofphysicalfitnessanditalsorepresentsa particularhazardtodiversbycausingincreasedriskofdecompressionsickness.Reduction indecompressionstressisrequiredwithobesity. A4.5VisionAlthoughmethodsofusingcorrectivelensesunderwaterareavailable, unaidedvisionshouldbeadequatetoallowlocationofadiveboatoradivebuddyifa diversurfaceswithoutmask,correctivelenses,orboth.Correctednear-visionshallallow readingofgauges,timingdevicesanddecompressiontables.Ariskofcornealulceration existsifnon-permeablecontactlensesareused. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 16

A4.6Ear,noseandthroatThefollowingshallapply: (a) Bothtympanicmembranesshouldbeseentobeintactandmobile.TheEustachian tubesshallbepatent. (b) Anyevidenceofchronicouterormiddleeardischargemaybecauseforrejection. (c) Anyevidenceofchronicorrecurrentsinusitis,catarrhorsevereallergicconditions oftherespiratorytractmaybecauseforrejection. (d) Anyhistoryofmiddleearsurgery(includingtympanoplasty)shouldbereferredfor divingspecialistopinionbeforeanydecisionismade. (e) AudiometryBaselineaudiometricexaminationsshouldbedone.Ifconducted, frequenciestestedshallinclude500,1000,2000,4000,6000and8000Hz.An abnormalaudiogramshouldbenotedinthediver’slogbook.Ifthereareany significantabnormalitiesineitheraudiometryorlabyrinthinefunctions,the candidateshouldbereferredtoadivingspecialist. Hearinglossisnotnecessarilyacontraindicationtodiving. A4.7DentalDentalfitnessandjawfunctionshouldbeassessedforeaseofretentionof adivingregulatororsnorkelmouthpiece.Cariousteeth,orteethwithincompletelyfilled cariesareatriskofdentalbarotrauma.Recentextractionscanleadtoairenteringthe tissuesandcausingsubcutaneousemphysema. A4.8CentralnervoussystemThecentralnervoussystemshallbeexaminedas follows: (a) Afullexaminationofthecentralnervoussystemshouldbenormal.Any abnormalitiesshouldbefullyinvestigated.Theabnormalityshallbeaccurately documentedforfuturereference. (b) Acandidatewithahistoryoffits(apartfromchildhoodfebrileconvulsions), unexplainedblackoutsormigrainerequiresfurtherassessment. (c) Candidateswithahistoryofheadinjuryinvolvingsignificantunconsciousnessor concussionassociatedwithrepeatedheadaches,orintracranialsurgeryshouldbe individuallyassessed. (d) ThesharpenedRombergtestisusefulinassessingvestibularandcerebellarfunction andshouldbetestedasabaseline.Itisperformedasfollows: (i) Candidatestandsonahardfloor,barefoot,withfeetheeltotoeinastraight line,armscrossedonchestandeyesclosed. (ii) Abilitytomaintainbalanceistimedandrecordedinsecondsasobjectively aspossible,e.g.numberofsecondsstable,numberof‘falls’in60seconds. A4.9CardiovascularsystemThefollowingitemsshallbeinvestigatedforthissystem: (a) Afullexaminationofthecardiovascularsystemshouldbenormal.Any abnormalitiesshouldbefullyinvestigated. (b) Therestingbloodpressureshouldnotexceed150/95mmHg. (c) Furthercardiovascularassessment,includingECG,exerciseECGorspecialist opinionmaybeindicatedwhereanydoubtconcerningacandidate’scardiacfitness forexerciseexists.TheexerciseECGmaybeavaluableadditiontothemedical examinationofalldiversovertheageof45andeventhoseyoungerwhere significantcoronaryriskfactorsarepresent.Thesefactorsincludeobesity,smoking, cholesterol,serumlipidsandfamilyhistory. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 17 AS4005.1—2000

A4.10RespiratorysystemTherespiratorysystemshallbeexaminedasfollows: (a) Afullhistoryandexaminationshouldbenormal.Anyabnormalfindingsshouldbe fullyinvestigated.Suchinvestigationsshouldincludeprovocativetestingifany doubtconcerningthepossibilityofbronchialhyperreactivityexists.Particular attentionshallbepaidtoanyconditionthatmightcauseretentionandtrappingof expandinggasinanypartofthelungsduringdecompression,e.g.asthma. (b) Thefollowingconditionsmayautomaticallydisqualify: (i) Anychroniclungdisease,pastorpresent. (ii) Anyhistoryofspontaneouspneumothorax,penetratingchestinjuries,oropen chestsurgery. (iii) Anyfibroticlesionofthelungthatmaycausegeneralizedorlocalizedlack ofcompliancyinlungtissue. (iv) Anyevidenceofobstructiveairwaysdisease,e.g.currentasthma,chronic bronchitis,allergicbronchospasm. (c) Pulmonaryfunctiontestsshallbeconductedasfollows: (i) Equipmentshallbecapableofreadingto7L. (ii) Alldiversshallhaveapulmonaryfunctiontesttoestablishforcedexpiratory

volumeat1s(FEV1)andforcedvitalcapacity(FVC).

(iii) AnFVCorFEV1 ofmorethan20%belowpredictedvalues,FEV1/FVCratio oflessthan75%,orboth,requiresfurtherassessment. A4.11Gastro-intestinaltractThefollowingshallbeinvestigated: (a) Afullhistoryandexaminationshouldbenormal. (b) Anyabdominalherniationmaybeacauseforrejectionuntilsatisfactorytreatment hastakenplace.Candidatesshouldbefreeofsignificantacuteorchronic gastro-intestinalproblemsthatmaycauseacutecrisis,orwhichmightcause incapacityinaremotesituation,e.g.pepticulceration. A4.12Musculo-skeletalAnyimpairmentofmusculo-skeletalfunctionshouldbe carefullyassessedagainstthepotentialrequirementsofemergencysituationswhichmight occurinthewater.Themassofdivingequipmentoutofthewatercanrepresenta significanthazardtothosewithpre-existingbackorotherjointinjuryordisease. A4.13FemaleThesafetyofdivingwhilepregnanthasnotbeenestablished.Pregnancy shallbeconsideredacontraindicationtodiving. A4.14OthercriteriaThefollowingcriteriashallbeapplied: (a) Dipsticktestofurineshallbeperformedandurinetestedforalbuminandsugar. Anyabnormalfindingsshouldbefullyinvestigated.Diabetesrequiringmedication withinsulinisacontraindicationtodiving.Anyhaematologicalabnormalityshould befullyassessed. (b) Candidatestakingmedicationofanytype,includingnon-prescriptiondrugs,require individualconsideration.Manymedicationshavealteredeffectsorrisksunderwater, ormayincreasedecompressionsicknessrisk,ortheeffectsofnitrogennarcosis. Drugsthatmayaffectthecardiovascular,respiratoryorneurologicalsystemare contraindicated. Inparticular,cardiacorcentralnervoussystemdrugsrequirecarefulassessment. (c) Cigarettesmokinghasdeleteriouseffectsoncardiac,pulmonaryandupper respiratorysystemsandshouldbestronglydiscouragedindivers. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 18

(d) Theeffectsofalcoholcanbedetrimentaltodivers,increasingthetendencyto vomiting,narcosis,dehydrationanddecompressionsickness.Dehydrationfollowing alcoholintakeisariskfactorfordecompressionsickness. NOTE:Ifthemedicalisdonebysomeoneinexperiencedindivingmedicinethenany abnormalitiesdetected,ineitherthecandidate’shistoryorexamination,shouldresultinthe candidatebeingclassifiedasunfittodiveuntilspecialistmedicaladvice,oranexamination byadivingmedicalexaminer,hasbeensought.

A5ACCREDITED TRAINING IN DIVING MEDICINE FOR MEDICAL PRACTITIONERSIntheabsenceofactionbytherelevantregulatoryauthorityto approvetrainingcourses,theBoardofCensorsofSPUMSshallapprovespecificcourses intheteachingofmedicalpractitionerstoperformdivingmedicalexaminations. ApplicationcanbemadetoSPUMSforrecognitionoftrainingorinformationon currentlyapprovedcourses.TheaddressoftheBoardofCensorsofSPUMSis— C/-TheAustralianandNewZealandCollegeofAnaesthetists 630StKildaRoad MELBOURNEVIC3004 AtthetimeofpublicationofthisStandard,theCensorshadapprovedthefollowing courses: ChristchurchHospitalBasicCourse DivingMedicalCentreMedicalExaminerCourse FremantleHospitalMedicalAssessmentofDiversCourse InstituteofNavalMedicine(U.K.)MedicalExaminerCourse JamesCookUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthandTropicalMedicineCoursein DivingMedicine RoyalAdelaideHospitalBasicCourse RoyalAdelaideHospitalAdvancedCourse(precededbythebasic)* RoyalAustralianNavyDivingMedicalCourse* RoyalNewZealandNavyBasicCourse TownsvilleGeneralHospitalDivingMedicalCourse UnitedStatesNavyDivingMedicalOfficerCourse*

*Denotesacourseofatleast10workingdays Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 19 AS4005.1—2000

APPENDIXB TYPICALMEDICALFORMFOR PROSPECTIVERECREATIONALSCUBADIVERS (Normative)

ThisAppendixprovidesexamplesofamedicalexaminationformandamedicalstatement whichcontaintheminimumamountofinformationasrequiredbyParagraphA4.1.The medicalexaminationformandstatementinthisAppendixmaybecopiedforuseby medicalpractitioners. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS 4005.1— 2000 20

MEDICAL FORM FOR PROSPECTIVE RECREATIONAL SCUBA DIVERS

CANDIDATE DETAILS: THIS SECTION TO BE COMPLETED BY CANDIDATE All information provided in this form will be kept in strict confidence between you and the examiner. It will not be relayed to a third party without your consent. Diving can usually be undertaken even if you have a chronic infection (e.g. hepatitis B and C, herpes or HIV), however you should inform the medical examiner so that you can be advised how to dive safely.* It is advisable to inform your instructor of any advice you have been given. Positive responses to questions do not necessarily disqualify you from diving. 1 Surname Other names 2 Date of birth 3 Address Phone (home) 4 Sex Male Female 5 Principal occupation Phone (work) 6 Do you participate in any regular physical activity? YES NO 7 Description of activity 8 Do you smoke? YES NO 9 Do you drink alcohol? YES NO 10 If yes, how many drinks per week? 11 Are you taking any tablets, medicine or other drugs? YES NO List: 12 Do you have any allergies? YES NO List: 13 Have you had any reactions to drugs, medicines or food? YES NO List:

Have you ever had or do you now have any of the following? Tick YES or NO. YES NO Notes on history

14 Previous diving medical 15 Prescription glasses 16 Contact lenses 17 Eye or visual problems 18 Hay fever 19 Sinusitis 20 Any other nose or throat problem 21 Dentures/plates, dental prostheses 22 Recent dental procedures 23 Deafness or ringing noises in ears 24 Discharging ears or any other ear problem 25 Operation on ears 26 Giddiness or loss of balance 27 Severe 28 Seasickness medication 29 Any problem when flying in aircraft 30 Severe or frequent headaches 31 Migraine 32 Fainting or blackouts 33 Convulsions, fits or epilepsy 34 Unconsciousness 35 Concussion or head injury 36 Sleepwalking 37 Severe depression 38 Claustrophobia 39 Mental illness 40 Heart disease 41 Abnormal blood test 42 ECG (heart tracing) 43 Awareness of your heart beat 44 High blood 45 Rheumatic fever 46 Discomfort in your chest with exertion 47 Shortness of breath on exertion 48 Bronchitis or pneumonia 49 Pleurisy or severe chest pain Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited.

(continued Page1of4) 21 AS 4005.1— 2000

YES NO Notes on history 50 Coughing up phlegm or blood 51 Chronic or persistent cough 52 TB 53 Pneumothorax (‘collapsed lung’) 54 Frequent chest colds 55 Asthma or wheezing 56 Use a puffer 57 Other chest complaint 58 Operation on chest, lungs, or heart 59 Indigestion, peptic ulcer or acid reflux 60 Vomiting blood or passing red or black motions 61 Recurrent vomiting or diarrhoea 62 Jaundice, hepatitis or liver disease 63 Malaria or other tropical disease 64 Severe loss of 65 Hernia or rupture 66 Major joint or back injury 67 Limitation of movement 68 Fractures (broken bones) 69 Paralysis or muscle weakness 70 Kidney or bladder disease (cystitis) 71 Any chronic infection* (see notes at top of form) 72 Sexually transmitted disease 73 Diabetes 74 Blood disease or bleeding problem 75 Skin disease 76 Contagious disease 77 Operations 78 In hospital for any reason 79 Life insurance rejected 80 A job or a licence refused on medical grounds 81 Unable to work for medical reasons 82 An invalid pension 83 Any other illness or injury or any other medical condition Have any blood relations had: 84 Heart disease 85 Asthma or chest disease Females only: 86 Are you possibly pregnant or planning to be? 87 Do you have any incapacity during periods?

88 Date of last chest X-ray

Previous diving experience YES NO Notes on history 89 Can you swim?

90 Have you ever had any problem during or after swimming or diving? 91 Have you ever had to be rescued? 92 Do you snorkel dive regularly? 93 Have you tried SCUBA diving before? 94 Have you had previous formal SCUBA training? 95 Year 96 Approximate number of dives 97 Maximum depth of any dive 98 Longest duration of any dive

I certify that the above information is true and complete to the best of my knowledge and I hereby authorize Dr to give medical opinion as to my medical to my . I also authorize him or her to obtain or supply medical information regarding me from or to other doctors as may be necessary for medical purposes in my personal interest.

Candidate’s name Date Signed Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited.

(Page 2 of 4) AS 4005.1— 2000 22

MEDICAL EXAMINATION: TO BE COMPLETED BY A REGISTERED MEDICAL PRACTITIONER

1 Height 2 Weight 3 Vision 4 Blood pressure 5 Pulse cm kg R6/ Corr6/ L6/ Corr6/ 6 Urinalysis 7 Respiratory function test 8 Chest X-ray (if indicated) Albumen Vital capacity Date ......

Glucose FEV1 Place ...... Percentage Result ...... 9 Audiometry (air conduction) Frequency, Hz 500 1 000 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 Loss in dB, (R) Loss in dB, (L) If abnormal, enter in diver’s logbook, on certificate, or both. Clinical examination/assessment Normal Abnormal Notes on abnormalities 10 Nose, septum, airway 11 Mouth, throat, teeth, bite 12 External auditory canal 13 Tympanic membrane 14 Middle ear auto-inflation 15 Neurological — Eye movements — Pupillary reflexes — Limb reflexes — Finger-nose — Sharpened Romberg* 16 Abdomen 17 Chest hyperventilation 18 Cardiac auscultation 19 Other abnormalities * Results should be descriptively detailed at right to assist future comparison

Medical fitness to dive Candidate’s name

...... Icanfind no conditions which are incompatible with compressed gas, SCUBA and surface supplied breathing apparatus (SSBA) and/or breath-hold diving...... Based upon my assessment, the candidate is not medically fit to dive with compressed gases (SCUBA and SSBA). Advice:

Doctor’s name (Print)

Signed Date

Medical benefits refund and/or medical rebate is not permissible, by law, for this examination. Issue of any item number which allows the candidate to claim such benefit will result in the physician being guilty of medifraud. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited.

(Page 3 of 4) 23 AS 4005.1— 2000

STATEMENT OF HEALTH FOR RECREATIONAL DIVING This section to be completed by a medical practitioner, preferably with appropriate training in diving medicine. This is to certify that I have today interviewed and examined: Name ...... Address ...... Date of birth...../...../.....

Initial the statements that apply: ..... Ihave assessed the candidate in accordance with AS 4005.1...... Icanfind no conditions which are incompatible with compressed gas, SCUBA, surface supplied breathing apparatus (SSBA) and/or breath-hold diving...... Ihave explained the health risks of diving disclosed by this examination to the candidate and we have discussed how these risks may be reduced. The candidate appears to have a good understanding of these risks...... Based upon my assessment, the candidate is not medically fit to dive with compressed gases (SCUBA and SSBA)...... Based upon my assessment, the candidate is not medically fit to breath-hold dive.

...... /..../... Signature of medical practitioner Name, address and phone number of medical practitioner Date (Stamp should be used)

This section to be completed by the candidate. Initial the statements below: ..... Iunderstand the health risks that I may encounter in diving and how these risks may be reduced...... I also understand that the medical practitioner’s recommendation herewith is based, in part, upon the disclosure of my medical history...... I agree to accept any responsibility and liability for health risks associated with my participation in underwater diving, including those that are due to or are influenced by a change in my health and/or my failure to disclose any existing or past health condition to the medical practitioner...... I hereby authorise the medical practitioner to supply information with regard to my medical fitness to dive to the diving instructor.

...... /..../... Signature of candidate Name of candidate Date

This statement is valid for 12 months. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited.

(Page 1 of 1) AS4005.1—2000 24

APPENDIXC ADVICETOTHEEXAMININGPHYSICIAN (Informative) Issuinganitemizedaccount,whichenablesthepatienttoclaimMedicarebenefitsfordivingmedicalexaminations,has beenprohibitedsince1stFebruary1984. Divingisasportcarriedoninanon-respirableenvironmentwhichrequirestheuseofeitherself-containedorsurface suppliedbreathingapparatus.SuddenunconsciousnessunderwaterisusuallyfatalwhenusingSCUBAequipment,asthe relaxationofmuscletoneaccompanyingunconsciousnessresultsinthebreathingregulatorfallingfromthevictim’s mouth.Thediver’snextbreathwillthenbewater.Thismakesanyconditionwhichcancausesuddenunconsciousnessan absolutecontraindicationtodiving.Suchconditionsmayincludeepilepsyanddiabeticsoninsulin. Afurtherproblemwiththewaterenvironmentisthatpressureincreasesveryrapidlywithdescent,i.e.byoneatmosphere ofextrapressureforevery10mofdepthinthesea.Theuseofbreathingapparatus,providinggasatambientpressure, preventsproblemsofpressure-volumeimbalanceinthelungsduringdescent.However,themiddleearsandsinuseswill developproblemsondescentunlessthepressureinthesespacesequalstheambientpressure.Thereisnowayof establishingthepatencyofsinusostiabyclinicalexamination.However,patencyoftheEustachiantubes,andsothe abilitytoequalizethemiddleearpressures,canbeestablishedeasily.Observationofthetympanicmembranewhilethe patientholdshis(orher)nose,closesthemouthandblows(Valsalvamanoeuvre)willrevealinflationofthemiddleearby movementofthedrum.ThenasopharyngealopeningoftheEustachiantubeisnormallyclosedbutisopenedby swallowing.Therefore,acombinationofaValsalvaandswallowingduringthemanoeuvrewillgivethebestchanceforair totraveluptheEustachiantube.AnotherwayofopeningtheEustachiantubeistoprotrudethejawandwriggleitfrom sidetosidewhileperformingaValsalvamanoeuvre.Failuretodemonstrateanabilitytoinflateamiddleearisan absolutebartodivinguntilthepersoncanauto-inflate. Afurthersetofpressurerelatedproblemsalsooccurduringascentwhentheambientpressureisdecreasing.Ifan air-filledspacecannotventwhenthesurroundingpressureisreduced,twothingsmayhappen.Aspacewithelasticsides canexpandbutifthespacehasrigidwalls,thepressureinthespaceremainingattheoriginalpressurebecomeshigher thanambientpressure.Thechestwalliselastic,butafteracertainexpansionthestretchingofthelungsresultsintearsof thelungsubstance.Aircanthenenterthepulmonaryvenousdrainage,passthroughtheleftportionoftheheartandbe carriedtothebrainasairembolism.Unconsciousnessanddeathcanresult.Thus,anyconditionpreventingnormal emptyingofthelungsisanabsolutecontraindicationtodiving. Asthma,lungcysts,bullae,andotherareasthatemptyslowlyornotatallareanabsolutecontraindicationtobreathingair underpressure.TheseconditionsarebestdetectedbytakinganX-rayofthechestinfullinspirationandanotherinfull expiration.Todetectexpiratoryairwayobstruction,aVitalograph(orsimilar)testisrequired.Experienceinthenaviesof theworldwithsubmarineescapetrainingofmanythousands,hasshownthatadisproportionatenumberofthosesuffering burstlungshaveFEV1/FVCratiosofbelow75%.Suchpeopledonotneedtoholdtheirbreathonascenttodamagetheir lungs;alltheyhavetodoisrisetoorapidly.AFEV1/FVCratiobelow75%maybeanexclusionfromdivingandshould befurtherinvestigated.

AnormalFEV1/FVCratiobutclinicalsignsofbronchospasm,especiallyonforceddeep,rapidventilation,isanindication ofunfitnesstodive.Treatmentwithdrugsisnotsuitableastheeffectscanwearoffunderwaterandthecombinedeffects ofpressureandbroncho-dilatordrugsareuncertain. Itishopedthattheforegoingmakesthefollowinglistofabsoluteandrelativecontraindicationstodivinglogicaland comprehensible: ABSOLUTECONTRAINDICATIONS RELATIVECONTRAINDICATIONS

Conditionscausingunconsciousness FEV1/FVCratiolessthan75% Epilepsy Poorphysicalcondition Diabeteswherethepatientrequiresinsulin Previousmyocardialinfarction ENTconditions Pregnancy Inabilitytoauto-inflatethemiddleears.Previousmiddle earsurgerywithinsertionofprosthesistoreplaceanyof theossicles Furtherinformationaboutmedicalstandardsfor minimumentry-levelSCUBAdiverscanbefoundin Lungconditions AS4005.1, available from Standards Australia, Asthma Lungcysts Phone:1300654646, Previousspontaneouspneumothorax Website:www.standards.com.au Obstructivelungdisease Lungswhichemptyunevenly(X-rayappearance) Previousthoracotomy Ifindoubtaboutacandidate’sfitness,itissaferforthecandidatetobeclassedasunfitthanfittodive.Difficult decisionsshouldbereferredtoadoctorexperiencedindivingmedicine.ThesearetobefoundineachState.TheSouth PacificUnderwaterMedicineSociety*maintainsalistofitsmemberswithtrainingindivingmedicine.Enquiriesshould beaddressedtotheSecretaryofSPUMS,C/-TheAustralianandNewZealandCollegeofAnaesthetists,630StKilda Road,Melbourne,Victoria3004. URGENTspecialistadvicecanbeobtainedfromthemajorhospitalhyperbaricunitsineachStateandtheRANSchoolof UnderwaterMedicine,HMASPenguin,Balmoral,N.S.W.2091,Phone:(02)99600555. Fordivingemergencies,contacttheDivingEmergencyService(Australia),C/-HyperbaricMedicalUnit,RoyalAdelaide Hospital,Phone:1800088200. Recommendedreading:THESPORTSDIVINGMEDICALParker,J.,1996.Melbourne:J.L.Publications. DIVINGANDSUBAQUATICMEDICINEEdmonds,C.,Lowry,C.,andPennefather,J.,3rdEdition,1992. Butterworth–Heinemann.

*TheSouthPacificUnderwaterMedicineSocietyexists— (a)topromoteandfacilitatethestudyofallaspectsofunderwaterandhyperbaricmedicine;and

Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. (b)toprovideinformationonunderwaterandhyperbaricmedicine. (Page4of4) 25 AS4005.1—2000

APPENDIXD SPECIALISTDIVINGMEDICINECONTACTS (Informative)

D1MEDICALPRACTITIONERSAlistofmedicalpractitionerswithtrainingin divingmedicineismaintainedbytheSouthPacificUnderwaterMedicineSociety,andis publishedperiodicallyinitsjournal. Contact: TheSecretary SPUMS C/-TheAustralianandNewZealandCollegeofAnaesthetists 630StKildaRoad MELBOURNEVIC3004

D2EMERGENCYCONTACTSInemergencysituations,itisrecommendedcontact bemadewiththeclosesthyperbaricunit(seeParagraphD3)ortheDivingEmergency Services(DES).CurrentcontactdetailsforDESareasfollows:

DivingEmergencyService(Australia) C/-HyperbaricMedicineUnit RoyalAdelaideHospital ADELAIDESA5000 Phone:1800088200(toll-free,allhours.) Enquiries:(08)82225116

D3HYPERBARICUNITSCurrentcontactdetailsforhyperbaricunitsinAustralia areasfollows: Victoria TheAlfredHospital PRAHRANVIC3181 Phone:Routine(03)92762269 Emergency(03)92762000(Allhours) (AskforDutyHyperbaricRegistrarandstate:‘DivingEmergency’) NewSouthWales ThePrinceofWalesHospital RANDWICKNSW2031 Phone:(02)93822222 AskforHyperbaricDoctor. SchoolofUnderwaterMedicine HMASPenguin MiddleHeadRoad MOSMANNSW2091 Phone:(02)99600555(allhours) Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia AS4005.1—2000 26

Queensland WesleyCentreforHyperbaricMedicine Suite53SanfordJacksonBuilding 30ChaselyStreet AUCHENFLOWERQLD4006 Phone:(07)33716033

HyperbaricMedicineUnit TownsvilleGeneralHospital TOWNSVILLEQLD4810 Phone:Routine(07)7819211(allhours) (Askforthedoctoroncallfordivingproblems.) SouthAustralia HyperbaricMedicineUnit RoyalAdelaideHospital ADELAIDESA5000 Phone:Routine(08)82225116 Emergency1800088200 WesternAustralia FremantleHospital FREMANTLEWA6160 Phone:(08)94312233(Mon-Sat,0830-1630hrs) (08)94313333(Outofthosehours) Tasmania RoyalHobartHospital HOBARTTAS7000 Phone:RoutineorEmergency(03)62388308 (Saythatitisadivingmedicalproblemoremergency.) NorthernTerritory RoyalDarwinHospital DARWINNT0811 Phone:(08)89228888 (AskforDutyHyperbaricConsultant).

D4GENERAL(NON-EMERGENCY)MEDICALADVICEGeneralmedicaladvice concerningdivingisprovidedbybothDESandbytheDiversAlertNetwork(DAN).To contactDES,usetheenquiriesnumbergiveninParagraphD2.Thecontactdetailsfor DANareasfollows: DiversAlertNetwork POBox384 AshburtonVIC3147 Phone:(03)98869166 Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ©StandardsAustralia www.standards.com.au 27 AS4005.1—2000

APPENDIXE COMMUNICATIONSIGNALS (Normative) Thetraineeshallbecapableofdemonstratingthefollowingminimumsetofsignals.

NOTE:Variationsinothersignalsexistbetweentrainingorganizations.Thetraineeshouldbe madeawareofsuchvariationsasappropriate. Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. www.standards.com.au ©StandardsAustralia StandardsAustralia StandardsAustraliaisanindependentcompany,limitedbyguarantee,whichpreparesandpublishes mostofthevoluntarytechnicalandcommercialstandardsusedinAustralia.Thesestandardsare developedthroughanopenprocessofconsultationandconsensus,inwhichallinterestedpartiesare invitedtoparticipate.ThroughaMemorandumofUnderstandingwiththeCommonwealthgovernment, StandardsAustraliaisrecognizedasAustralia’speaknationalstandardsbody.

AustralianStandards AustralianStandardsarepreparedbycommitteesofexpertsfromindustry,governments,consumers andotherrelevantsectors.TherequirementsorrecommendationscontainedinpublishedStandards areaconsensusoftheviewsofrepresentativeinterestsandalsotakeaccountofcommentsreceived fromothersources.Theyreflectthelatestscientificandindustryexperience.AustralianStandardsare keptundercontinuousreviewafterpublicationandareupdatedregularlytotakeaccountofchanging technology.

InternationalInvolvement StandardsAustraliaisresponsibleforensuringthattheAustralianviewpointisconsideredinthe formulationofinternationalStandardsandthatthelatestinternationalexperienceisincorporatedin nationalStandards.Thisroleisvitalinassistinglocalindustrytocompeteininternationalmarkets. StandardsAustraliarepresentsAustraliaatbothISO(theInternationalOrganizationfor Standardization)andIEC(theInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission).

ElectronicStandards AllAustralianStandardsareavailableinelectroniceditions,eitherdownloadedindividuallyfrom ourWebsite,orviaon-lineandCDROMsubscriptionservices.Formoreinformationphone 1300654646orvisitusat www.standards.com.au Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. PO Box 1055 Strathfield NSW 2135 Administration Phone (02) 9746 4700 Fax (02) 9746 8450 Email [email protected] Customer Service Phone 1300 65 46 46 Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email [email protected] Internet www.standards.com.au

Licensed to Gemini Medical Christina on 26 Nov 2007. 1 user personal licence only. Storage, distribution or use network prohibited. ISBN 0 7337 3268 2 Printed in Australia