Gordon E. Moore and His Legacy: Four Decades and Counting

In partnership with Brinkmann

orty years is a long time but linear oscillator based on an integrated amazingly enough, innovations circuit (IC) containing a germanium F in mainstream silicon transistor, a resistor, and a capacitor), microelectronics have largely continued and Robert Noyce (inventor in 1959 of a to follow Gordon Moore’s prescient planar Si IC based on Hoerni’s diffusion predictions. The contributions of this process). Indeed, these halcyon days of Si remarkable individual, an ECS member microelectronics saw a bewildering series for 48 years and currently an emeritus of very important discoveries emanating member, have been well documented mainly from R&D groups in three in these magazine pages including a companies: Shockley Semiconductor, cover story for the spring 1997 issue Fairchild Semiconductor, and Intel. (see image at right). In May 2006, Gordon Moore had a pivotal role to play ECS announced the establishment in all these companies! of the Gordon E. Moore Medal for What is Moore’s law? What does Outstanding Achievement in Solid- it exactly predict? We can only very State Science and Technology. This briefly address these questions here was made possible by an endowment by returning to Moore’s original from Intel Corporation in honor of paper.1 When this paper first came its co-founder. “This award honors out in 1965, Si chips contained about Moore’s tremendous achievements in 60 distinct devices. By contrast, this field, which have had a strong and Intel’s Itanium chip crams 17 billion lasting influence on ECS, its members, transistors in a single chip. As recently and the work that they perform,” said as a decade ago, chips were built at Mark Allendorf, ECS President. “Intel’s which was subsequently published the 500 nm feature size level; current support enables ECS to continue to by Electronics magazine in an issue PC processors are fabricated at the 90 recognize the most accomplished celebrating the 35th anniversary of nm level. A 65 nm level chip has been individuals in a vital and active part electronics.1 This ground-breaking already demonstrated and both Intel Everything you want in one package. of the Society.” Justin R. Rattner, chief paper was entitled, “Cramming More and IBM very recently announced a technology officer of Intel, said, “It Components into Integrated Circuits,” 45 nm chip.4 Chips at the 30 nm level, Eco Chemie electrochemical instruments is a privilege for Intel to endow this and a facsimile of it appears as Chapter 4 and smaller, are not far behind. A award of The Electrochemical Society, in a recent book on the historical aspects logarithmic trend can be immediately home to the scientific disciplines at and implications of Moore’s “law”.2 It is discerned and this exponential scaling Eco Chemie Autolab Potentiostat/Galvanostat � Expansion module options include: Impedance the core of the modern semiconductor worth noting that Moore’s observation of chip component density with time industry. … we honor not only our on the underpinning trends in the Si is one of the underlying tenets of Systems accommodate a wide selection of Spectroscopy, Bipotentiostat, Electrochemical Noise, founder, but also the link between microelectronics industry was called a Moore’s law. However, the periodicity -15 electrochemical analyses, and they are ideal Low Currents to femtoamps (10 A), Analog Scan and fundamental science and innovation, “law” only later by another very large or “Moore’s clock cycle”3 has been for applications such as fuel cells, batteries, High-speed Scan which is at the core of both Intel and scale integration (VLSI) pioneer, Carver the subject of debate. Moore’s earlier biosensors, plating, coatings and corrosion. � New USB interface for easy installation and control ECS.” Winners of the predecessor to Mead, who holds the Gordon and Betty prediction of a doubling every year � Easy-to-use, Windows®-based software with simple data this prestigious award have included Moore endowed professorship (emeritus) of chip component density was later solid-state and semiconductor pioneers at Caltech. The reader is further referred updated by him in a 1975 paper,5 They offer high-resolution, PC-controlled solutions, handling, evaluation and transfer such as J. Woodall, B. Deal, A. Cho, and to an article3 by Dan Hutcheson in the which showed that the integration � and their integrated modular design means that you System multiplexing and project management capabilities N. Holonyak. The new winner of the Spring 2005 issue of Interface, “Silicon: growth of metal-oxide-semiconductor can create an individualized workstation capable of to help simplify complex analysis sequences medal will be announced in an award Into the Nano Era” for an eloquent (MOS) logic was slowing to a doubling growing with your lab. ceremony at the plenary session of the discussion of the role that Moore’s law every 18 months instead. On the For more information visit www.brinkmann.com ECS spring meeting in Chicago in May has played in driving the technological other hand, the average rate for 2007 (see page 23 of this issue). and economic growth of the Si microprocessor units (MPUs) and In this brief perspective of the re- microelectronics industry. Any discussion random access memories (DRAMs) named award, we can only offer brief of the history of Moore’s law also will not ran at a doubling every two years, as glimpses into the backdrop and links be complete without recognition of the illustrated in Fig. 1. (Reference 3 may between Gordon Moore, Intel, and key roles played by Douglas Engelbart be consulted for a further elaboration ECS that have led to the endowment. (a co-inventor of today’s personal of these trends.) It is quite conceivable Hark back to April 19, 1965, when computer (PC) mechanical mouse), Jean that Si transistors will continue to Gordon Moore mused about the future Hoerni (discoverer of the planar process shrink down to about the 4 nm level. of integrated electronics in an internal for manufacturing Si transistors), Jack This is estimated to occur around document for Fairchild Semiconductor, Kilby (who in 1958 demonstrated a 2023 (see Fig. 2). www.brinkmann.com email: [email protected] U.S.A. 800-645-3050 Canada 800-263-8715 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 11

0720-A102F-INT.indd 1 Full page journal ad Interface – INT 2/10/06 3:20:01 PM adhering to the Moore’s law trajectory will have the opposite trend. This has led to a “flattening of the Si Early IC'S MPU's DRAM's chip manufacturing world”11 as, increasingly, chip companies have started outsourcing manufacture (and even design) from the U.S., ) K

( Europe, and Japan to all corners of the

s t globe. Thus as the microelectronics n e

n community continues to innovate o

p to keep Moore’s law alive, there is m

o an ever-increasing awareness, more C R&D effort, and more business drivers to push the strategic research agenda of “More than Moore.”6-10 This third technology domain (Fig. 2) is based on or derived from Si technologies that do not scale with Moore’s law such as radio frequency, power/high voltage, and sensor/ actuator/microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). At an architectural Ye a r level, the system complexity can be addressed, at least partly, by the Fig. 1. The forces behind the law were still strongly in effect when Gordon Moore retired in 2001, system-on-a-chip (SoC) and system- leading him to quip that “Moore’s law had outlived Moore’s career.” (Reproduced from Ref. 3.). in-package (SiP) approaches. Because Where will we be four decades from This in turn requires new paradigms of their programmability, SoCs can now? At the 4 nm technology node, in materials (beyond Si), design, and be manufactured in large numbers the Si doomsayers have predicted that processing since the scaling rules for a range of applications, offering we will hit “Moore’s wall.”3 At this maximum reuse of costly design and for complementary MOS (CMOS) 12 juncture, the transistor source and circuits no longer apply. In Fig. 2, testing protocols. Whereas a SoC the drain, which are separated by the has the lowest cost per function, this technology domain is depicted 8-10 channel beneath the gate and the as “Beyond CMOS.”6-10 This domain NXP Semiconductors and others gate dielectric, will be close enough encompasses technologies based including IBM, Intel, Samsung, for the electrons to drift across on on carbon nanotubes, Si, or other Texas Instruments, Toshiba, Georgia their own, leading to device failure. Institute of Technology, and Fraunhofer semiconductor nanowire crossbars, 11 Furthermore, silicon dioxide will no molecular electronics, etc. Gesellschaft have shown that a SiP longer be able to function as the gate The cost of manufacturing IC chips focuses on achieving the highest value dielectric. Indeed beyond even the (“fab” costs) has steadily crept up for a single-packaged modular platform 32 nm and 22 nm technology nodes, over the years. Indeed, as the cost (to combining electrical as well as non- disruptive technologies and new the consumer) of computing power electrical platform components. The device architectures are anticipated. falls, the cost for manufacturers for three technology domains in Fig. 2, namely, More Moore, Beyond CMOS, and More than Moore, can be brought together into total system solutions by Moore’s Law & More deploying so-called “heterogeneous integration.”6 Unfortunately, roadmaps More than Moore: Diversification (for example, of the ITRS genre) are virtually non-existent in this space HV Sensors and the agendas of materials suppliers, Analog/RF Passives Biochips Power Actuators designers, and tool/device makers are not well aligned. Nonetheless, the first Interacting with people consortia have begun to gel here, e.g., 130nm 13 and environment the e-CUBES project in Europe and the EMC3D consortium.14 90nm C Non-digital content All this portends a rather om b System-in-package unpredictable but very exciting in in (SiP) juncture for the future of 65nm g S oC microelectronics. The mantra “faster, Information a Processing nd cheaper, smaller” will undoubtedly 45nm S iP continue to apply to this industry. The : H Digital content 32nm ig micro(nano?)electronics industry will System-on-chip he r V become more global and will pervade More Moore: Miniaturization (SoC) alu ever deeper into our everyday life with e 22nm S . ys products ranging from computing, . te

Baseline CMOS: CPU, Memory, Logic Baseline m video games and entertainment, data . s V storage, automotive and aviation electronics, wireless communication, Beyond CMOS healthcare, security, education, robotics, and who knows what else. Gordon Moore can justifiably be proud of the role he played in the explosive Fig. 2. Projected scaling of the three technology domains. (Refer to text and Ref. 6). (exponential) growth of this industry.

12 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 His contributions will live and breathe, 3. G. D. Hutcheson, Interface, 14 (1), p. 13. www.ecubes.org. Also see: P. Ramm, to a small measure, through the re- 17 (2005). “European Activities in 3D System named ECS award. Will the “Moore 4. The Wall Street Journal, 27 January 2007. Integration - The e-CUBES Project,” Proc. thread” of industry innovation 5. G. E. Moore, Tech. Dig. Int. Electron Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium continue unbroken through another Devices Meeting, 1975. 2007, Jan. 30-Feb.1, 2007, Maui, Hawaii. 14. www.emc3d.org: EMC-3D Introduction four decades or more? Through 6. ITRS Roadmap, 2005 edition (http:// www.itrs.net/Links/2005ITRS/ and Overview in Semiconductor paradigms like “Beyond CMOS” and Home2005.htm); see Introduction, p. 8. International, Feb. 2007 issue. “More than Moore” it most certainly 7. ITRS Roadmap, 2005 edition (http:// will, because the lifestyle and activities www.itrs.net/Links/2005ITRS/ of our future generations will demand Home2005.htm); see chapter on About the Authors nothing less. n “Assembly and Packaging.” 8. F. Roozeboom, A. L. A. M. Kemmeren, J. Krishnan Rajeshwar is the Acknowledgments F. C. Verhoeven, F. C. van den Heuvel, Editor of Interface. He is also J. Klootwijk, H. Kretschman, T. Fri , E. a Distinguished Professor of We thank Mark Allendorf, President C. E. van Grunsven, S. Bardy, C. Bunel, Chemistry and Biochemistry of ECS, for seeding the idea for D. Chevrie, F. LeCornec, S. Ledain, F. and Associate Dean (College of this article and Mary Yess, Deputy Murray, and P. Philippe, 20th SB Micro Science) at the University of Texas Executive Director and Director of Conference, Florianopólis, Brazil, Sept 4-7, at Arlington. His research interests Publications of ECS, for nurturing its 2005. span a broad spectrum in energy 9. G. Q. Zhang, M. Graef, and F. van growth and fruition. Many colleagues Roosmalen, 7th Int. Conf. on Thermal, conversion and environmental provided encouragement and Mechanical, and Multiphysics: Simulation pollution remediation. He may be feedback, particularly, George Celler and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and reached at [email protected]. (Soitec USA), Dennis Hess (Georgia Micro-Systems, EuroSimE, 2006. Institute of Technology), and Mart 10. F. Roozeboom, A. L. A. M. Kemmeren, J. Fred Roozeboom is a Senior Graef (NXP Semiconductors). F. C. Verhoeven, F. C. van den Heuvel, Principal Scientist at NXP J. Klootwijk, H. Kretschman, T. Fri, E. Semiconductors (formerly Philips) References C. E. van Grunsven, S. Bardy, C. Bunel, Research in Eindhoven, The D. Chevrie, F. LeCornec, S. Ledain, F. Murray, and P. Philippe, Thin Solid Films, Netherlands. His research interests 1. G. E. Moore, Electronics, 38 (8), 19 April 504, 391 (2006). are in semiconductor thin film 1965, p. 114. 11. T. L. Friedman, The World Is Flat, Farrar, technology, passive integration, 2. D. C. Brock, editor, Understanding Straus and Giroux, New York (2005). and 3D heterogeneous integration. Moore’s Law, Chemical Heritage Press, 12. H. van Houten, Materials Today, He may be reached at Fred. Philadelphia, PA (2006). November 2004, p. 72. [email protected].

The Benefits of Membership Can Be Yours! Join now for exceptional discounts on all ECS publications, page charges, meetings, and short courses.

• Journal of The Electrochemical Society—ECS • Professional Development and Education— membership includes access to this top-quality, Exchange technical ideas and advances at ECS's peer-reviewed monthly publication. Each issue two comprehensive meetings in the spring and includes more than 70 original papers selected by a fall of each year, or through the programs of 23 prestigious editorial board on topics covering both sections in Brazil, Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, electrochemical and solid-state science & technol- and the United States. ogy. Papers are published as available at ecsdl. org/JES. • Discounts on Meetings and Publications— Keep aware of pertinent scientific and techno- • Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters— logical advances through a variety of ECS publi- ECS's rapid-publication, electronic journal. Papers cations, including books, meeting abstracts, and are published as available at ecsdl.org/ESL. Access monograph volumes. to this peer-reviewed journal, also a member benefit, covers the leading edge in research and • Honors and Awards Program—Recognize the development in all fields of interest to ECS. It is a accomplishments of your peers through the Honors joint publication of the ECS and the IEEE Electron and Awards Program, which includes over two Devices Society. dozen Society, Division, Group, and Section awards and the distringuished ECS Fellow designation. • Interface, the ECS Members’ Magazine—ECS members also receive Interface, a quarterly publica- • Career Center—Includes an online database for tion which features topical scientific articles, news posting resumes as well as a job bank for prospec- about people and events, and announcements of tive employers to post job openings. There's a upcoming meetings. discussion forum and many services for student members. www.electrochem.org

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 13 Society News

support that has helped make the archive possible. Generous gifts have been received by individuals: James Amick, Ralph Brodd, Larry Faulkner, Robert Frankenthal, and Wayne Worrell—all past presidents of the Society; and from the ECS Battery Division. In recognition of their sponsorship, each donor has a JES archive volume as a named ECS Expands Online Journal Archive in collection. The archive is accessible from Digital Library the ECS Digital Library (DL) at www.ecsdl.org, which provides a An additional 20 years of Solid-State Letters (ESL), the other home for all ECS digital content. content from the Journal of The technical journal published by Articles in the archive are available Electrochemical Society (JES) has been ECS, are already available online as full-text PDF files, with HTML- added to the ECS online archive. going back to the publication’s formatted tables of contents, The JES archive now begins with launch in mid-1998. abstract pages, and searchable Volume 102 from 1955. This is the This legacy content project has database records. Complete JES latest phase of an ongoing project been underway for several years, content in the DL includes the to make the entire JES content and has been made possible by current volume, backfile, and accessible in electronic format, contributions to the Centennial archive. The backfile is the content ultimately going all the way back to fund-raising campaign and ECS of the five (5) years preceding the its first iteration published in 1902. operating revenues. ECS gratefully current year. The archive consists All articles from Electrochemical and acknowledges the financial of all the past volumes that are not part of the backfile. ECS members and subscribers have access to the current volume and the backfile. Field Effect in Semiconductor- Through the end of 2007, ECS members will also have free trial Electrolyte Interfaces access to the JES archive. Application to Investigations of Electronic Properties ECS journals provide the most of Semiconductor Surfaces authoritative research in solid- PAVEL P. KONOROV, ADIL M. YAFYASOV & state and electrochemical science VLADISLAV B. BOGEVOLNOV and technology. Subjects covered include: batteries and energy This book will be of great storage; fuel cells and energy interest to students and conversion; corrosion, passivation, engineers working in and anodic films; electrochemical semiconductor surface and chemical deposition and physics, electrochemistry, and etching; electrochemical synthesis micro- and nanoelectronics. and engineering; physical and “There is a large and growing analytical electrochemistry; interdisciplinary activity dielectric science and materials; in nanotechnology and semiconductor devices, and biotechnology, where the materials, and processing; sensors issue of interfacing traditional and displays; and nanostructured semiconductor electronics materials, carbon nanotubes, and and ionic solutions is crucial, fullerenes. Authors interesting in and electrodes may well be submitting to the journals may visit the single most important the ECS website for instructions. technological issue. This very The ECS Digital Library offers useful book has the potential high-quality content and the to become a standard connectivity so essential in the 192 pages. 5 halftones. 109 line illus. reference.” current scientific community. If 7 tables. 6 x 9. —Umberto Ravaioli, you are interested in helping ECS Cloth $55.00 978-0-691-12176-5 University of Illinois advance its mission by making a donation to the digitization project, Princeton University Press please contact Mary Yess, Deputy Executive Director, 800-777-4726 • Read excerpts at press.princeton.edu [email protected]. n

14 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007

FNCN Division Smalley Chinese Translation for ECS Monograph Research Award The Society monograph, Modern Electroplating, recently was published in Chinese translation by the Beijing-based Chemical Industry Press. The book was the Society’s first monograph, was originally published in 1942, and was The ECS Fullerenes, edited by R. O. Hull. Now in its fourth edition, the editors are Mordechay Nanotubes, and Schlesinger and Milan Paunovic. The 800-page book is geared toward Carbon Nanostructures experienced deposition practitioners and novices (FNCN) Division has alike, providing thorough, up-to-date explanations established its first of the principles and techniques of electroplating award: the FNCN technology. It also highlights the transition in the Smalley Research electronics industry from physical to electrochemical Award. The award was formalized methods, especially with regard to next-generation in 2006 by the FNCN Division technologies such as copper interconnects. Dr. to honor the memory of Richard Schlesinger is a professor in the Department of Smalley. Smalley, who died in 2005, Physics at the University of Windsor (Canada); was well known for his pioneering and Dr. Paunovic was until recently a research research on carbon nanotubes. In staff member in the Electrodeposition Technology 1996, Smalley, along with Sir Harold Department at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Kroto, and Robert Curl were awarded Center (U.S.). Information about the English the Nobel Prize for the discovery version of the book, sponsored by ECS, and of the for his famous discovery of published by John A. Wiley & Sons, may be found at http://www.electrochem.org/dl/ Buckminsterfullerene (C60). In 2000, Smalley founded Carbon monographs/index.htm. n Nanotechnologies, Inc., a company that is now a leading commercial producer of single-walled carbon nanotubes. In his last years, he visibility of the FNCN Division outstanding contributions expanded his horizons beyond the within and outside ECS. As such, to the understanding and scope of conventional chemistry or the FNCN Division is comprised of applications of the science of physics research to seek solutions an international body of scientists fullerenes, nanotubes, and carbon to the immense problem of future including those from the North nanostructures. The award consists global energy needs. See the winter America, Europe, and Japan. of a scroll, a $1,000 prize, and 2005 issue for a brief summary of Therefore, the award will have an the Division may provide travel Smalley’s life and career (http:// international flavor to it. We also assistance to the spring meeting www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/ hope that the newly established in which the recipient is accepting wtr/wtr05/wtr05_p18-21.pdf). award will encourage more the award. The recipient of the Francis D’Souza, chair of the researchers to participate in the award is also expected to present a FNCN Division, said, “Naming FNCN Division-sponsored symposia lecture on an appropriate subject the award after Rich Smalley and make ECS the venue to discuss relating to the FNCN Division and was the right thing to do since it and disseminate their research in the appropriate symposium. The recognizes his pioneering research findings.” first award will be presented at the and entrepreneurship on fullerenes The Award is intended to spring ECS meeting in Phoenix, AZ, and carbon nanotubes. This recognize in a broad sense, May 18-23, 2008. n award is expected to increase the those persons who have made

New Category of Travel Grants Offered by Battery and HTM Divisions

The Battery Division and the High Investigator Travel Grant junior faculty members, and Temperature Materials Division specifically to help those young other young researchers under (HTM) have introduced a new type faculty and scientists participate in the age of 35 who are planning of travel grant, specifically to help HTM symposia, with the hope that to present at an ECS Meeting in a junior researchers attend and present they will consider becoming members symposium sponsored by either of at ECS meetings. of ECS and the HTM Division.” the aforementioned Divisions. For HTM Division Chair Eric KM Abraham, Battery Division more information please visit the ECS Wachsman said that, “new post- Chair, said, “the Young Faculty website (http://www.electrochem.org/ graduate researchers typically have Travel Grant represents an sponsorship/travel_grants.htm#fac); not yet established the financial important avenue in the Battery or contact Bor Yann Liaw (Battery resources to attend scientific Division’s on-going efforts to promote Division) at [email protected]; or Jeff meetings, even though this is battery science and technology.” Fergus (HTM Division) at jwfergus@ essential to their career. Therefore, Grants of up to $1,000 will be eng.auburn.edu. n HTM has created the Young available to post-doctoral associates,

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 15 Society News Special Centennial Campaign Draws to Successful Close

In 2002, ECS launched its first capital years, the needs changed, members fund-raising campaign to recognize the and constituents continued to be celebration of ECS and its 100 years of “It has been vitally consulted, and new budget-saving service to electrochemists and solid- important to raise these ideas were encouraged. The program state scientists and engineers around the areas included Meetings, Publications, world. The Centennial Campaign ended funds to support special Membership, and Education. five years later on December 31, 2006, In the area of Education, with a five- and raised over $700,000. Society programs; and it year pledge for $125,000 from the William D. Brown, the chair of the Oronzio De Nora Foundation in 2003, Financial Policy Advisory Committee is gratifying to see the the Oronzio De Nora Postdoctoral and an active member throughout the excellent response from Fellowship was established to assist a campaign said, “I am really pleased postdoctoral scientist or engineer in with the continuing growth and members and friends.” the research of the field of industrial influence of the development program William D. Brown electrochemistry. The first recipient on the activities of ECS and the Chair of the Financial Policy of the fellowship was Nicholas Mano, resulting benefits to the membership. Advisory Committee of the University of Texas (see the fall It has been vitally important to raise 2005 issue of Interface, p. 56). these funds to support special Society Another educational program that programs; and it is gratifying to see member benefits, we will continue to was created through the campaign the excellent response from members witness strong and growing support for was the Student Chapter program. and friends. I’m confident that, as the development effort.” In 2003, the University of Central the Society membership becomes Goals for the campaign were set Florida was recognized as the first more aware of how important the based on member needs as well as the Student Chapter. Since then, nine work of the Development Office is needs of the scientific community other universities worldwide have to improving, and even increasing, as a whole. Throughout the five been accepted into the program.

1902-2002: A The Electrochemical Society Centennial History

by Forrest A. Trumbore and Dennis R. Turner

The 19th century saw many applications of electricity to chemical processes and chemical understanding. Bridging the gap between electrical engineering and chemistry led innovative young men and women in industrial and academic circles to search for a new forum to discuss developments in the bur- geoning field of electrochemistry. Into this era, The Electro- chemical Society was born in 1902. ECS continues to be that forum for electrochemical and solid-state science and technology envisioned over 100 years ago. This history book is a record and a celebration of one hundred years of The Elec- trochemical Society. It is witness to a remarkable organization, one that has always recognized that its longevity, vitality, and achievements have been an aggregation of the efforts of all those individuals who have made this Society successful and long-lived.

Hardcover • 204 pages • ISBN 1-56677-326-1 • $25.00 [email protected] • 609.737.1902 www.electrochem.org

16 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 Society News

The purpose of Student Chapters • University of Rome “Tor Vergata” dissemination of knowledge in the is to give students an opportunity Student Chapter, and fields of electrochemistry and solid- to understand electrochemical and • University of Texas at Austin Student state science. solid-state sciences, to have a venue Chapter. In 2006, five ECS past presidents, for meeting fellow students, and to over 60 ECS members, and one receive recognition for their organized The Herbert Uhlig Summer Division provided funds to assist ECS scholarly activities and community Fellowship was another program that with digitizing the archives of the services. has received many donations. The Journal of The Electrochemical Society. The following schools are award was established to honor the The Digital Library offers members recognized as ECS Student Chapters: memory of past ECS president and and subscribers all ECS content in Honorary Member, Herbert H. Uhlig. one seamless resource, available all • Electrochemical Society of the Once the goal for the Fellowship is met, the time. Currently, ECS has digitized University of Central Florida, it will be the fifth summer fellowship the content of the Journal back to • ECS Cleveland Section and Ernest that will be offered to students who are 1955 and is offered to members and B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical interested in continuing their studies subscribers on a trial basis until Sciences Joint Student Chapter, during the summer months. the end of 2007. Also included in • New York Capital Region Student The campaign has raised money the Digital Library is the content of Chapter, to create a Special Membership Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, • The Ohio State University Student Fund. This fund offers financial ECS Transactions, Interface, and Chapter, assistance to members who cannot Meeting Abstracts. • University of Florida Student pay their dues because of temporary The Development Committee and Chapter, financial hardships. Each year, ECS would like to thank all donors • University of Virginia Student ECS has been able to assist several who have made the campaign a Chapter, members from the special fund so success. The Society could not have • University of California - Berkeley they can continue to remain loyal established these programs without Student Chapter, ECS members. The fund helps your help. Thank you! n • Technical University Brno Student strengthen the mission of the Society, Chapter, which is to encourage research and

FMS National Materials Advancement Award

Leo Christodoulou received the policy and to assist it in informing supporting the research training of National Materials Advancement policy makers of materials concerns. graduate students, thus contributing Award, presented by the Federation ECS has a representative on the FMS to the transformation of the future of of Materials Societies (FMS) at the Board of Trustees. More information materials science and engineering. National Press Club in Washington about FMS may be found at www. Dr. Christodoulou received his DC this past December. The award materialsocieties.org. degrees in metallurgy from Imperial recognizes individuals who have Dr. Christodoulou’s work at DARPA College of Science, Technology, and demonstrated outstanding capabilities has profoundly changed the frontiers Medicine in London, England. He was a in advancing the field of materials of materials science by identifying postdoctoral research fellow at Carnegie science and engineering, and who new materials concepts, innovative Mellon University, served on the faculty contribute to the application of the synthesis, and processing technologies. of Imperial College and the Virginia materials profession to national policy His research has been associated not Polytechnic and State University, and in the United States. Previous recipients just with advancing the technical served over a decade at Martin Marietta of the award include ECS member state-of-the-art but with the beneficial Laboratories. He joined DARPA in 1999. Jerry Woodall, of Purdue University societal and national applications of He has received numerous prizes from and a National Medal of Technology materials and structures research and his peers, authored or co-authored over Laureate; the late Representative development. He also has been highly 60 technical papers, and is a named co- George E. Brown, Jr., Chairman of effective at integrating the nation’s inventor on more than 20 U.S. patents the House Science Committee; Arden universities into these programs and or their foreign equivalents. n Bement, Director, National Science Foundation; Mary Good, former Under Secretary of Commerce; James Roberto, Deputy Director, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and the late John H. Hopps, Jr., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense. FMS is an umbrella organization whose member societies, which include ECS, represent the professional societies, universities, and National Research Council organizations that are involved with materials science, engineering, and technology. The purpose of FMS is to aid the mater ials community in obtaining information from, and exchanging information with, the FMS recently presented its National Materials Advancement Award to Leo Christodoulou policy community. An important FMS (right). ECS representatives to FMS attended the ceremony on December 6; they included Roque goal is to help the materials community Calvo (ECS Executive Director, left) and Guy Davis (ECS’s FMS Trustee, center). to arrive at consensus in materials Photo by Mattox Photography, Washington, DC

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 17 Division Officer Slates Announced

New officers for the 2007-2009 term have been nominated for the following Divisions. The Energy Technology Division is voting by the new online balloting system. All other Divisions listed will hold elections at the upcoming ECS meeting in Chicago, Illinois (May 6-10, 2007). All election results will be reported in the summer 2007 issue of Interface. Why Advertise? Electronics and Photonics Division Energy Technology Division Interface is an authoritative yet accessible Chair Chair publication. With new ideas and products Albert Baca, Sandia National Labs Karim Zaghib, Hydro-Quebec emerging at an overwhelmingly rapid Vice-Chair Vice-Chair pace—your product or service can stand out in a publication that will be read by Pablo Chang, Northrop Grumman S. R. Narayanan, Jet Propulsion over 9,000 targeted readers world-wide. Jr. Vice-Chair Laboratory Yue Kuo, Texas A&M University Secretary Your advertisement will be read by Secretary Jean St-Pierre, University of North those hard-to-reach people in the field, Andrew Hoff, University of South Carolina actual users and purchasers of computers, Florida Treasurer (one to be elected) both hardware and software; precision Treasurer Scott Calabrese Barton, Michigan instruments, optics, laser technology, and other equipment; materials such as Fan Ren, University of Florida State University batteries, cells, chemistry, metals, etc.; Members-at-Large Jeremy P. Meyers, University of Texas semiconductor processing equipment; Cor Claeys, IMEC Austin training and travel; outside laboratories; D. Noel Buckley, University of Jun John Xu, Rutgers University and other publications about computers, Limerick materials, and sources. Sorin Cristoloveanu, INEP-INPG Minatec In today’s environment of increasing George Celler, Padova University competition for purchasers of goods and services, few publications can put your M. Jamal Deen, McMaster University Organic & Biological Electrochemistry Division message in a more credible, respected Manfred Engelhardt, Qimonda editorial environment. Ulrich Goesele, Max-Planck Institute Chair Dennis Hess, Georgia Institute of Isao Taniguchi, Kumamoto University Technology Vice-Chair 2007 Editorial Schedule Chennupati Jagadish, Australian Albert Fry, Wesleyan University National University Secretary/Treasurer Carlton Osburn, North Carolina James Burgess, Case Western Reserve Summer 2007 — An issue devoted to Physical State University University and Analytical Electrochemistry. George Rozgonyi, North Carolina Advertising Closing Date...... May 1 State University Masaharu Watanabe, SEZ Japan Inc. Fall 2007 — Special issue, with guest editors Laszlo Fabry, Wacker Chemie AG Howard Huff (Sematech emeritus) and Michael Howard Huff, Sematech, Emeritus Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry Division Riordan (Stanford Lecturer and co-author, with Bernd Kolbesen, G. W. Goethe Lillian Hoddeson, of Crystal Fire: The Birth of Chair the Information Age). The issue will focus on the University Hugh DeLong, U.S. Air Force Gerald Oleszek, University of anniversary of Frosch and Derrick’s discovery Vice-Chair of silicon oxide for microelectronic applications, Colorado Paul Trulove, U.S. Naval Academy including diffusion masking, silicon surface Kenji Shiojima, NTT Photonics Secretary/Treasurer passivation, and dielectrics for metallic conductor Laboratories Shelley Minteer, Saint Louis overlayers. Jerzy Ruzyllo, The Pennsylvania State University Advertising Closing Date...... July 1 University Members-at-Large Rodney Ridley, Fairchild Ingrid Fritsch, University of Arkansas Winter 2007 — An issue devoted to High Semiconductor Tom Zawodzinski, Case Western Temperature Materials. Robert Fitch, U.S. Air Force Research Reserve University Advertising Closing Date...... October 15 Lab Robert Mantz, Army Research Office Takeshi Hattori, Sony Corporation Sylvie Morin, York University Hiroshi Iwai, Tokyo Institute of the society for solid-state Technology and electrochemical science Durgamadhab Misra, New Jersey and technology Institute of Technology Fred Roozeboom, NXP Research Edward Stokes, University of North Carolina ECS • The Electrochemical Society Jennifer Wang, Northrop Grumman 65 South Main Street, Bldg. D Junichi Murota, Tohoku University Pennington, New Jersey 08534-2839 USA Victor Mazurkiewicz, Advertising Manager tel: 609.737.1902 • fax: 609.737.2743 [email protected] • www.electrochem.org

18 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 Society News }ÊvÀ Corporate Membership News -ÌÕ`iÌÊ iÜÃ

%#3TAKESANACTIVEINTERESTINTHE The ECS Corporate Membership access to current and archived ECS program has witnessed some serial publications; recognition AFFAIRSOFITS3TUDENT-EMBERS AND excellent growth in the Benefactor throughout ECS’s website and WEAREALWAYSINTERESTEDINHEARING level Corporate Memberships publications; subscriptions to two FROM YOU ABOUT YOUR INTERESTS during the latter part of 2006, with highly rated journals in the field, ACTIVITIES ANDACCOMPLISHMENTS three new Benefactors bringing the Journal of The Electrochemical us to a total of five. We welcomed Society and Electrochemical and one new Corporate Member, Lam Solid-State Letters; a subscription to Research, at this level; and had Interface; complimentary individual 3ENDALLCORRESPONDENCETO two existing members upgrade membership; and free registration to their memberships: Duracell (up our biannual meetings (Benefactor from the Sponsoring level) and level only), which attract upwards of Industrie de Nora S.p.A. (up 3,500 scientists each year. 3OUTH-AIN3TREET from the Patron level). If your organization is interested 0ENNINGTON .* 53! Founded in 1980, Lam in supporting ECS and receiving the 4EL Research Corporation is a benefits of Corporate Membership, &AX major supplier of wafer fabrication please contact Amir Zaman, % MAILINTERFACE ELECTROCHEMORG equipment and services to the Associate Director of Corporate world’s semiconductor industry. and Government Relations, at The company’s innovative etch [email protected] or WWWELECTROCHEMORG technologies empower customers to 1.609.737.1902, ext. 103. n build the world’s highest-performing integrated circuits. Lam’s etch systems shape the microscopic conductive and dielectric layers into &$4$P4QPOTPSFE$POGFSFODFT circuits that define a chip’s final In addition to the regular ECS biannual meetings, ECS and its Divisions also use and function. The company co-sponsor meetings and symposia organized by individuals and/or other organizations, also offers a next-generation of interest to the technical audience ECS serves. The following is a list of the wafer cleaning solution, which co-sponsored meetings for 2007. employs proprietary technology and can be used throughout the • XVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica, semiconductor manufacturing April 15-19, 2007 (Águas de Lindóia, Brazil), www.xvisibee.iqm.unicamp.br process. Headquartered in Fremont, • 25th International Power Sources Symposium, April 23-27, 2007 (Bath, United California, Lam maintains a network Kingdom), www.ipss.org.uk of facilities throughout the United • Hydrogen & Fuel Cells 2007, April 29-May 2, 2007 (Vancouver, Canada), States, Asia, and Europe to meet the www.hfc2007.com complex and changing needs of its • 2007 International Society of Electrochemistry Spring Meeting, global customer base. May 1-4, 2007 (Dublin, Ireland), spring07.ise-online.org At the fall ECS meeting, the • 2007 International Conference on Advanced Capacitors, May 28-30, 2007 (Kyoto, Japan), capacitor.electrochem.jp/ica2007 Board of Directors approved • 8th International Conference on Advanced Batteries and Accumulators, additional benefits for the Corporate June 3-7, 2007 (Brno, Czech Republic), www.aba-brno.cz Membership packages. Members at • 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, June 3-8, the levels of Sponsoring, Patron, 2007 (Nara, Japan), sofc.electrochem.jp/sofc-x/ and Benefactor, which currently • EuroCVD 16, September 16-21, 2007 (Scheveningen, The receive online access to ECS’s serial Netherlands), www.eurocvd16.nl publications, will now receive not • NACE Northern Area Eastern Conference 2007, September only the current content in these 24-26, 2007 (Ottawa, Canada), www.nace.org journals, but also all archived • 2007 Fuel Cell Seminar, October 15- 19, 2007 (San content as well. This includes Antonio, Texas, USA), www.fuelcellseminar.com the archive of the Journal of The Electrochemical Society, which has just added another 20 years worth To request an ECS co-sponsorship of your technical event, of content, going back to 1955. please contact Amir Zaman, Associate Director The Patron level members will now of Corporate and Government Relations, at receive online access to ECS’s serial [email protected] publications for two facilities, up or 609.737.1902, ext. 103. from one. All members will be able to send their employees to the newly created Corporate Tutorials, free of charge. As an ECS Corporate Member, your organization benefits through: password-free online

The Electrochemical Society Interface • Spring 2007 19